摘要:
该初中英语知识清单系统整合了Unit 2 Amazing numbers单元内容,涵盖核心词汇、重点短语、核心句型及语法拓展(基数词与序数词)四大知识范畴,为学生搭建了从基础词汇记忆到句型应用再到语法深化的阶梯式学习支架。
清单通过“词汇-短语-句型-语法”四级分类呈现知识体系,词汇标注搭配与例句(如“challenge sb. to sth.”及国王挑战下棋的例句),句型明确结构与用法(如“People use numbers to + 动词原形”突出数字实用价值),语法拓展细化基数词“hundred/thousand前有具体数字不加-s”等规则,培养学生语言能力和学习能力。教师可直接用于课堂讲解,学生能自主梳理知识,提升复习效率。
内容正文:
Unit 2 Amazing numbers 词汇、短语和句型背记
一、核心词汇
英文单词
音标
中文释义
词性
备注(常见搭配/例句提示)
challenge
/ˈtʃælɪndʒ/
向……挑战
v.
搭配challenge sb. to sth.(向某人挑战某事),例:The king challenged the old man to a chess game.(国王向老人挑战下国际象棋)
prize
/praɪz/
奖赏;奖励
n.
搭配win a prize(获奖)、as a prize(作为奖励),例:He won some gold as a prize for the running race.(他因跑步比赛获得一些黄金作为奖励)
promise
/ˈprɒmɪs/
承诺;保证
v./n.
搭配promise to do sth.(承诺做某事),例:The king promised the old man any prize if he won.(国王承诺如果老人赢了,会给他任何奖励)
chessboard
/ˈtʃesbɔːd/
国际象棋棋盘
n.
搭配on the chessboard(在棋盘上),例:There are 64 squares on the chessboard.(棋盘上有64个格子)
hesitation
/ˌhezɪˈteɪʃn/
犹豫
n.
搭配without hesitation(毫不犹豫),例:The young man agreed without hesitation.(年轻人毫不犹豫地答应了)
wonder
/ˈwʌndə(r)/
想知道;琢磨
v.
搭配wonder about sth.(好奇某事),例:The king wondered how many grains of rice it would be.(国王琢磨这会是多少粒米)
per cent
/pə ˈsent/
百分之……
n.
搭配数字+per cent(百分之……),例:About 60 per cent of the world’s population live in Asia.(世界上约60%的人口生活在亚洲)
budget
/ˈbʌdʒɪt/
预算
n.
搭配make a budget(做预算),例:We need to make a budget for the trip.(我们需要为旅行做预算)
symbol
/ˈsɪmbl/
符号;记号
n.
搭配a symbol of(……的象征),例:Roman numerals are symbols used to represent numbers.(罗马数字是用来表示数字的符号)
represent
/ˌreprɪˈzent/
代表
v.
搭配represent sth.(代表某物),例:The Roman symbol “IV” represents the number 4.(罗马符号“IV”代表数字4)
exactly
/ɪɡˈzæktli/
准确地;确切地
adv.
例:We don’t know exactly how many animal species there are.(我们不知道确切有多少种动物)
schedule
/ˈʃedjuːl/
日程安排;时刻表
n.
搭配flight schedule(航班时刻表),例:Check the train schedule before you leave.(出发前查看火车时刻表)
二、重点短语
英文短语
中文释义
搭配/例句
flight schedule
航班时刻表
You can check the flight schedule online to avoid missing the plane.(你可以在线查看航班时刻表,以免误机)
price tag
价格标签
The price tag on this shirt says 199 yuan.(这件衬衫的价格标签上写着199元)
for a moment
片刻;一会儿
The old man thought for a moment before answering the king.(老人想了一会儿才回答国王)
without hesitation
毫不犹豫
She agreed to help us without hesitation.(她毫不犹豫地答应帮我们)
go up
上升;上涨
The world population has gone up sharply since 1950.(自1950年以来,世界人口急剧上升)
go down
下降;下跌
The temperature will go down tomorrow.(明天气温会下降)
write down
写下;记下
Please write down the numbers on your notebook.(请把这些数字记在笔记本上)
instead of
代替;作为……的替换
He used Arabic numerals instead of tally sticks to count.(他用阿拉伯数字而不是计数棍来计数)
a number of
几个;若干
A number of students are interested in the Fibonacci sequence.(若干学生对斐波那契数列感兴趣)
large amounts of
大量
The old man asked for large amounts of rice.(老人要求大量的米)
三、核心句型
句型结构
中文释义
例句
备注(用法说明)
描述数字作用:People use numbers to + 动词原形 + 动作.
人们用数字来做……。
People use numbers to make a monthly budget and plan journeys.(人们用数字来做月度预算和规划旅行)
单元核心句型,突出数字的实用价值
表达数量变化:The number of + 名词复数 + has gone up / down + 程度.
……的数量已经上升/下降了……。
The number of people in this city has gone up by 20 per cent in five years.(这座城市的人口在五年内上升了20%)
适配人口、数据报告场景
用基数词描述:Sb./Sth. is + 基数词 + 单位(km/cm/people)+ 形容词.
某人/某物有……(单位)……(特征)。
The Nile River is 6,671 km long.(尼罗河长6671公里)
强调数量大小,贴合单元事物描述
用序数词描述:Sb./Sth. is the + 序数词 + 形容词最高级 + 范围.
某人/某物是……(范围)里第……的。
Mt. Qomolangma is the first-highest mountain in the world.(珠穆朗玛峰是世界上第一高峰)
突出顺序,适配排名类表达
感叹数字神奇:What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词(数字相关)+ (主语+谓语)!
多么……的(数字相关事物)啊!
What amazing growth the world population has!(世界人口的增长多么惊人啊!)
强化情感表达,贴合单元主题
说明数字起源:People developed + 计数方式 + to + 动词原形.
人们发明了……(计数方式)来……。
Ancient people developed tally sticks to count animals.(古代人发明了计数棍来数动物)
适配数字文化介绍
四、语法拓展:基数词 + 序数词(单元核心考点)
1. 基数词核心用法
类别
结构/规则
示例
单元例句
基本数词
1-12:one, two ... twelve(无规则)13-19:词尾加-teen(thirteen, fourteen...nineteen)20-90:整十词尾加-ty(twenty, thirty...ninety)21-99:几十+连字符+个位(twenty-one, fifty-six)
25→twenty-five99→ninety-nine
There are thirty students in our class.(我们班有30名学生)
大数表达
100→one hundred101→one hundred and one1,000→one thousand1,000,000→one million
4,189→four thousand one hundred and eighty-nine1,234,567→one million two hundred and thirty-four thousand five hundred and sixty-seven
The Yongle Dadian had over 11,000 volumes.(《永乐大典》有超过11000卷)
关键规则
1. hundred/thousand/million前有具体数字时,不加-s;表“数百/数千”时加-s+of(hundreds of/thousands of)2. 百位和十位之间加and(英式英语)
错误:two hundreds books×→正确:two hundred books√错误:three thousand of people×→正确:thousands of people√
Thousands of dinosaurs once lived on Earth.(曾经有数以千计的恐龙生活在地球上)
2. 序数词核心用法
构成规则
示例
单元例句
-3:特殊变化(first, second, third)
1st→first2nd→second3rd→third
The first square of the chessboard has one grain of rice.(棋盘的第一个格子有一粒米)
4-19:基数词词尾加-th(注意:fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth)
4th→fourth8th→eighth12th→twelfth
The eighth square needs 128 grains of rice.(第八个格子需要128粒米)
20以上:整十词去-y加-ieth,几十几变个位为序数词
20th→twentieth21st→twenty-first35th→thirty-fifth
The twenty-first square requires 1,048,576 grains of rice.(第二十一个格子需要1048576粒米)
关键规则
序数词前通常加the;表“又一、再一”时不加the
错误:I live on fifth floor×→正确:I live on the fifth floor√正确:He failed once, but he tried a second time.(他失败了一次,但又试了一次)
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