名词性从句 导学案-2026届高三英语一轮复习专项

语法专题   名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

关联词 that, if / whether，what, whatever, who, whoever,  whom, whose, which, whichever ，when, where, why, how等.

一．宾语从句

宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。

1. 作动词的宾语

(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如：

I don’t know （that） you will come here. (我不知道你会来)

Father said （that） he would come back very late and  that  we needn’t wait for him.

that在从句中不充当任何成分，常常被省去。但如果有两个或两个以上的宾语从句，从第二个开始不能省略

(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：

 She did not know what had happened.

 I wonder whether you can change this note for me.

 (3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：

 She told me that she would accept my invitation.

2. 作介词的宾语，例如：

Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.

3. 作形容词的宾语，例如：

I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.

I ‘m pretty sure (that) he will agree.

注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：

anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。

二：表语从句

在句中充当表语的从句(即放在be动词或系动词后面)叫做表语从句。

表语从句放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常不省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例如：

1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.

2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people.

3) It looked as if it was going to rain.

4) The reason why he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.

5). The problem is how he can get food and clothing.

6). Her wish is that she could lose weight soon.

三．主语从句

主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

1).That we should set off at once is his suggestion.

2). That the war ended made everyone happy.

3). It was quite clear that this uncle was fond of music.

4). What he said is true.

5).What is reported is beyond my expectation.

6). Whether wild life can be well protected is of great importance.

四．同位语从句

同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。

同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：

1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.

2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.

同位语从句前面的名词常为：idea.  promise .  belief   news   question   fact   suggestion   possibility 等抽象名词，连词多为that ，在从句中不充当成分，一般不能省。

1. Nowadays consumers become more and more practical and buy only _______ they need. 

A. where   B. which    C. when       D. what

2.  ---I rang you at about ten, but there was no reply.

   ---Oh, that was probably _________ I was seeing the doctor.

A. when          B. why        C. what       D. that

3. Mary wrote an article on _______ the team had failed to win the game.

A. why   B. what   C. who   D. that

4. Yesterday he sold out all his stamps at ____ he thought was a reasonable price.     

A. that        B. which      C. what       D. as

5. Generally speaking, _______ we have seen seems more believable than _______ we have been told.

A. what; that     B. what; what    C. that; what    D. that; that

6. Why don’t you bring _____ to his attention that you are too busy to do it.

 A. this           B. what      C. that            D. it

7. It worried her a bit _________her hair was turning grey.

A. while          B. that          C. if           D. for

8. She was so angry at all ________ he was doing ______ she stayed up all night. 

A. that; that  B. that; which    C. what; that      D. what; as

9. Our school is no longer _____it was 10 years ago, _____ it was not well equipped.

A. what; which    B. that; which    C. what; when    D. that; where

10. The news has spread all over the country ________ the spaceship succeeded in returning to the earth.

A. that　　　　  B. which　　　　C. whether　　  D. what

答案：1-5DAACB   6-10DBAA

 

名词性从句疑难解析：

首先辨别下列从句类型：

1. I don’t know who broke the window.  

2. She walked up to where she stood.

3. What they need is a good textbook.

4. She will give whoever needs help a warm welcome.

5. This is where our problem is.

6. It is certain that she will do well in her exam.

7. The foreigner expressed his hope that he was going to visit the Great Wall again.

8. We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.

答案：1.宾语从句 2. 宾语从句  3. 主语从句 4. 宾语从句 5. 表语从句 6. 主语从句

7. 同位语从句  8. 宾语从句

关联词or引导词的分类

1.that, whether, if    从属连词

2.who,whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whoever, whichever, 连接代词