英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧 讲义-2026届高三英语二轮复习专项

英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧

这类题型的核心是通过上下文线索推断生词含义，高考中主要考查超纲词、熟词生义、短语或指代内容，以下是实用解题方法：
一、利用上下文逻辑线索
1. 定义/解释线索
文中会用 is/means/that is/in other words 等词直接解释生词，或通过定语从句、破折号、括号补充说明。
例：A diabetic (someone who has diabetes) needs to control blood sugar strictly.（通过括号解释可知diabetic指“糖尿病患者”）
2. 因果/转折线索
借助 because/so/but/however 等逻辑词，通过前后语义的因果、对比关系猜词。
例：He is obese, whereas his sister is extremely thin.（由 whereas 的对比可知obese意为“肥胖的”）
3. 举例线索
文中用 for example/such as/like 举例子，通过实例推断生词含义。
例：Many microplastics come from daily items, such as plastic bottles and food packages.（由例子可知items指“物品”）
二、利用构词法
1. 词根词缀：掌握常见词缀（如 -less 表否定、micro- 表“微小的”、-tion 表名词）和词根（如 contamin- 表“污染”），拆分单词推断含义。
例：contaminate（con- + tamin 污染+ -ate 动词后缀）→ 污染。
2. 合成词：由两个单词合成的新词，结合各部分含义推测。
例：skatepark（skate滑板+park公园）→ 滑板公园。

三、利用指代关系
针对 it/they/this/that 等代词的指代题，重点看前一句或前几句的核心名词，确定指代对象。
例：Plastic packaging releases microplastics, and they can enter our bodies.（they 指代前文的microplastics）
四、高考易错点提醒
1. 避免仅凭单词的字面意思或自己的常识判断，必须结合原文语境。
例:  Her early efforts in English learning showed a promise of rapid progress. Finally, she achieved great improvement in the college entrance exam.
Question: The underlined word "promise" probably means ______.
A. a promise made to others B. a sign of success
C. a difficult task D. a strong wish
答案：B
解析：后文说最终大幅进步，前文“早期努力”对应“有成功的迹象”，B符合；A是“对他人的承诺”，熟义干扰（易错点）
​2. 遇到熟词生义时，要抛弃常规含义，根据上下文重新推断（如 math 在 do the math 中表“计算”）。

题型专项训练:
[学科网高三大联考] With words, humans make friends, share new ideas, and teach each other rules, stories, and what’s right and wrong. Talking can bring people together, start big changes, remedy emotional wounds, and inspire great hopes.
29. What does the underlined word“remedy” mean in paragraph 3?

A. Transform.
B. Repair.
C. Sense.
D. Expose.
【解析】词义猜测题。根据上下文，特别是“Talking can bring people together, start big changes, remedy emotional wounds, and inspire great hopes”可以推断出Talking有很多益处，故remedy在这里的意思是“修复，治愈”。故选B。
[T8- 1  ] 1. When an artificial intelligence (AI) model generates passable poetry or images from text prompts(提示), we rush to credit it with human-like imagination. But can an AI imagine, or is it just mindlessly parroting training data?
3. “At this mechanistic level, you could say machines can totally copy this process,” Rahwan says.
32. What does the underlined word “parroting” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. Repeating blindly.
B. Imagining freely.
C. Analyzing deeply.
D. Creating originally
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“But can an AI imagine，or is it just mindlessly parroting training data?”以及第三段中的“you could say machines can totally copy this process”可知，AI只是依赖数据，复制想象过程，不是真正的创造性想象。因此，parrot意为“机械地模仿”，与“repeat blindly”意思接近。故选A。