专题10 必修第三册 Unit 5 课文预习填空+重点单词+重点句型+语法讲解（寒假预习讲义）高一英语外研版

专题10 必修第三册 Unit 5 What an adventure！ 课文预习填空+重点单词+重点句型+语法讲解（寒假预习） 【Understanding ideas】 Climbing Qomolangma: worth the risks? Last year, hundreds of people spent good money on an experience that they knew would include crowds (拥挤), discomfort (comfort) and danger. Many would become sick, due to the extreme cold and low air pressure(低气压), and a few would even lose their lives(甚至丢掉性命). Yet, despite all this, by the end of the trip many were already planning to return. For these people, climbing Qomolangma is an experience like no other, making (make) some feel weak and others, powerful (powerful). British mountain climber George Mallory wrote of climbing Qomolangma, “What we get from this adventure is just sheer joy(纯粹的快乐)... We do not live to eat and make money. We eat and make money to be able to enjoy life. That is what life means and what life is for.” Sadly, Mallory would die on the mountain in 1924, although his body would not be found (find) until many years later. It is still not known if he succeeded in reaching the top of Qomolangma before it took his life(夺走他的生命). In 2011, words similar to those of Mallory were spoken (speak) by American mountain climber Alan Arnette, who climbed Qomolangma in that year and was going to climb other high mountains around the world. “It brings into focus (使……成为焦点) what’s important to you.” He added, “There are a thousand reasons to turn around and only one to keep going. You really have to focus on the one reason that’s most important and unique to you. It forces you to look (look) deep inside yourself and figure out if you really have the physical, as well as mental, toughness (tough) to push when you want to stop.” With the majority of attempts (试图) to climb Qomolangma resulting (result) either in total success or failure(失败), is there also a scientific reason behind this risk-taking? Recent studies indicate (表明) that risk-taking may be part of human nature(人类本性), with some of us more likely to take risks (冒险) than others. Psychologist (心理学家) Frank Farley has spent years studying people who jump out of planes and drive fast cars, as well as those who climb Qomolangma. He refers to the personalities of these people as “Type T”, with the “T” standing for “thrill (惊险；刺激)”. Speaking (speak) to the LA Times about the “Type T” personalities, Farley said, “They’ll say, ‘I’m not taking risks, I’m an expert...’ They don’t want to die and they don’t expect to die(die).” Research also suggests that our desire to seek (seek) risks can be connected to how much we expect to benefit from the result. With this in mind, are the benefits of climbing Qomolangma worth (值得) the risks? It’s totally up to you(取决于你). -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 【Developing ideas】 Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea  In 1866, a terrible sea creature (create) is seen by several ships. Biologist Professor Pierre Aronnax and his servant(仆人), Conseil, join a ship to find and kill the creature. After a long journey into the Pacific Ocean, the creature is finally seen. While attacking (attack) from the ship, Aronnax and Conseil, along with the whale hunter Ned Land, fall into the sea, and discover that the “creature” is actually a submarine(潜水艇). They are captured and taken inside the submarine, where they meet the man in charge(负责), Captain (船长) Nemo. Ahead of its time, the submarine is also a secret from the rest of the world. In order to keep this secret(保守这个秘密), Captain Nemo tells his three newest passengers that they are not permitted to leave (不被允许离开) the submarine. While Ned Land can think only of escaping, Aronnax and Conseil are fascinated by (被……迷住) their adventures in the new underwater world. In this part adapted from a chapter (章节) of the book, Aronnax describes the experience of walking on the sea bed...  And now, how can I look back upon the impression left (leave) upon me by that walk under the waters? Words are not enough to relate (联系) such wonders! Captain Nemo walked in front, one of his men following (follow) some steps behind. Conseil and I remained near each other, as if an exchange of words had been possible through our metal cases. I no longer felt the weight (weigh) of my clothes, or of my shoes, of my air supply, or my thick helmet (头盔), inside which my head shook like a nut (坚果) in its shell.  The light, which lit the soil thirty feet below the surface of the ocean, astonished (astonish) me by its power. The solar rays shone through (阳光穿透) the watery mass easily, and consumed (消耗) all colour, and I clearly distinguished (看清；认出) objects at a distance of a hundred and fifty yards. Beyond that the colours darkened (dark) into fine shades of deep blue, and gradually (逐渐地) disappeared. Truly this water which surrounded (围绕；环绕) me was but another air heavier than the Earth’s atmosphere, but almost as clear. Above me was the calm surface of the sea. We were walking on fine, evens and, not wrinkled(有褶皱的), as on a flat shore(平坦的海滩), which keeps the impression of the waves. This dazzling carpet(地毯), really a reflector, drove away the rays of the sun with wonderful intensity(强度), which accounted for the vibration (震动) which passed through every atom of liquid. Shall I be believed when I say that, at the depth (deep) of thirty feet, I could see as if I was in broad daylight(在大白天)?  (Adaptation (adapt) from Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea by Jules Verne) 知 识 精 讲 Part 1：重点单词 核心单词 词性及含义 词性转换 固定搭配 worth (adj.) 有…… 价值的； 值得的 (n.) 价值；用处 worthy (adj.) 值得的；配得上的 worthwhile (adj.) 值得做的 ◆be worth + 名词 / 代词 ◆be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 ◆sth be worthy of being done/ to be done 某物值得…… ◆it is worthwhile doing/to do sth 做某事是值得的 attempt (v.) 试图；尝试；努力 (n.) 尝试；努力；试图 attempted (adj.) 企图的；未遂的 ◆attempt to do sth. 试图做某事 ◆make an attempt to do sth. 尝试做某事 astonish (v.) 使惊讶；使吃惊 astonished (adj.) 感到惊讶的 astonishing (adj.) 令人惊讶的 astonishment (n.) 惊讶 ◆be astonished at/by sth. 对某事感到惊讶 ◆be astonished to do sth. 惊讶地做某事 ◆in astonishment 惊讶地 ◆to one’s astonishment 令某人惊讶的是 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. (2023・全国甲卷改编) The book is well worth ____________ (read), so I recommend it to all my classmates. 答案：reading 解析：考查 worth 的固定搭配，be worth doing sth. 为固定用法，意为 “值得做某事”，主动形式表被动含义，故填 reading。 2. (2022・浙江卷改编) It is ____________ (worth) of you to take the trouble to help the disabled; we all admire your kindness. 答案：worthy 解析：考查 worth 的词性转换，be worthy of sth. 是固定搭配，意为 “值得某事 / 配得上某事”，此处需填形容词 worthy。 3. (2021・天津卷改编) They made an attempt ________ (climb) the mountain, but failed because of the bad weather. 答案：to climb 解析：考查make an attempt to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为 “尝试做某事”，故填to climb。 4. (2020・江苏卷改编) No one ____________ (attempt) to escape from the burning building, for the firefighters arrived in time. 答案：attempted 解析：考查 attempt 的词性转换和时态，句子缺少谓语动词，根据后文 arrived 可知用一般过去时，故填动词过去式 attempted。 5. (2023・山东济南模拟) All the audience were ____________ (astonish) at the singer's wonderful performance last night. 答案：astonished 解析：考查 astonish 的词性转换和固定搭配，be astonished at sth. 是固定搭配，意为 “对某事感到惊讶”，修饰人用形容词 astonished。 6. (2022・湖北武汉模拟) It was an ____________ (astonish) achievement that he won the first prize in the international competition. 答案：astonishing 解析：考查 astonish 的词性转换，修饰名词 achievement 需用形容词，astonishing 意为 “令人惊讶的”，常用来修饰事物，故填 astonishing。 7. (2021・广东广州模拟) To our great ____________ (astonish), the little boy solved the complex math problem in only five minutes. 答案：astonishment 解析：考查 astonish 的词性转换和固定搭配，to one's + 名词 是固定结构，意为 “令某人…… 的是”，故填名词 astonishment。 8. (2020・四川成都模拟) What ____________ (astonish) me most is that he has learned three foreign languages by himself. 答案：astonishes 解析：考查 astonish 的词性转换和主谓一致，主语 What 指代单数概念，句子用一般现在时，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式，故填 astonishes。 9. (2023・河北石家庄模拟) It is worthwhile _________ (spend) some time reading English aloud every morning; it will improve your pronunciation. 答案：to spend 解析：考查固定搭配，It is worthwhile to do sth. 是固定句型，意为 “做某事是值得的”，故填形容词 to spend。 10. (2022・安徽合肥模拟) The prisoner made an ____________ (attempt) escape, but he was caught by the police soon. 答案：attempted 解析：考查 attempt 的词性转换，此处修饰名词 escape 需用形容词，attempted 作形容词时意为 “企图的；未遂的”，符合语境，故填 attempted。 Part 2：重点句型 【根据汉语提示完成句子】 1. With the majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma resulting either in total success or failure, is there also a scientific reason behind this risk-taking? 攀登珠穆朗玛峰的大多数尝试要么大获全胜，要么彻底失败，这一冒险行为的背后是否有科学解释？ 【核心结构】 with 复合结构 本句中 with 复合结构的完整形式为：with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 ◇宾语：the majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma（攀登珠穆朗玛峰的大多数尝试） ◇宾语补足语：resulting either in total success or failure（要么完全成功，要么彻底失败） ◇逻辑关系：宾语 attempts 和补足语 result 是主动关系，因此用现在分词形式作宾补。 这个 with 复合结构在句中作 原因状语，相当于原因状语从句： Because the majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma result either in total success or failure... 【核心用法总结】 一、with 复合结构的基本公式：with + 宾语 (名词 / 代词) + 宾语补足语 宾补可以根据宾语和宾补的逻辑关系，选择不同形式，具体分为以下 5 种： 宾补形式 适用条件（逻辑关系） 例 句 现在分词 (doing) 宾语与宾补是主动关系， 且动作正在进行 With the boy leading the way, we found the village easily. 男孩带路，我们轻松找到了村子. 过去分词 (done) 宾语与宾补是被动关系， 且动作已完成 With his homework finished, he went out to play. 作业完成后，他出去玩了。 不定式 (to do) 宾语与宾补是主动关系， 且动作尚未发生 With a lot of work to do, I can't go shopping with you. 有很多工作要做，我不能和你逛街。 形容词 (adj.) 表示宾语的状态或特征 He slept with the window open. 他开着窗户睡觉。 副词 (adv.) 表示宾语的位置或状态 With her son away, she felt lonely. 儿子不在身边，她感到孤单。 二、 with 复合结构 的句式功能 1. 作状语（最常用）：可表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式等，如原句表原因。 2. 作定语：修饰前面的名词，放在名词后。 eg. The girl with a smile on her face is my sister.（脸上带着微笑的女孩是我妹妹） 三、 注意事项 1. with 复合结构中，宾补不能用谓语动词，必须用非谓语动词或其他词性的词。 2. 当 with 复合结构表伴随或方式时，可省略 with，变成 “宾语+宾补” 的独立主格结构。 eg. The meeting ended, the discussion finished.（会议结束，讨论也随之收尾） 2. Learning first aid is helpful before you go on an adventure! 在你开始一次冒险之前，学习急救是有帮助的！ 【核心结构】动词作主语 本句中动名词短语 Learning first aid 作主语，表示 “学习急救知识” 这个抽象的动作或行为，在句中作主语时，谓语动词需用单数形式，本句中对应 is。 该句可改写为同义句（不定式作主语）：To learn first aid is helpful before you go on an adventure! 但动名词作主语更侧重动作的普遍性、习惯性，不定式作主语更侧重动作的具体性、一次性。 【用法总结】动名词作主语的用法 1、 主要用法： 动名词（v.-ing）作主语，本质是将动词名词化，表动作或行为的概念，主要用法如下： 1. 直接作句子主语，谓语动词一律用单数形式。 eg. Reading is a good way to broaden your horizons.（阅读是拓宽视野的好方法。） 2. 用 it 作形式主语，动名词后置，目的是避免句子主语过长导致头重脚轻， 结构：It is + adj./n. + doing sth.常见形容词/名词有 no good, no use, useless, fun, a waste of time 等， eg. It is no use crying over spilt milk.（覆水难收。） 3. 动名词短语作主语，结构：动名词 + 宾语/状语 构成短语作主语，整体视为单数。 eg. Taking exercise regularly is beneficial to our body.（规律锻炼有益身体健康。） 二、动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别 对比维度 动名词作主语 不定式作主语 语义侧重 表习惯性、普遍性的动作 表具体性、一次性的动作或未发生的动作 句式结构 可直接作主语； 可用于 It is no use/good doing 可直接作主语； 可用于 It is adj. (for/of sb.) to do 例句对比 Running is my favorite sport. 跑步是我最喜欢的运动→习惯 To run in the park tomorrow sounds great. 明天去公园跑步听起来不错→具体动作 三、 注意事项 1. 动名词的逻辑主语可以用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格表示，放在动名词前： eg. His coming late made the teacher angry. （他迟到让老师生气了。） 2. 某些动词短语的动名词形式作主语时，短语结构保持不变： eg. Looking forward to your reply is what I do every day. （期待你的回复是我每天都做的事。） ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. (2023・新课标 Ⅰ 卷) With the crisis ________ (settle) peacefully, all the people in the town sighed with relief. 答案：settled 解析：考查 with 复合结构的非谓语动词。宾语 crisis 与 settle 为被动关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词 settled 作宾语补足语。 2. (2022・浙江卷) ________ (spend) too much time online is harmful to your health, which is a warning from doctors. 答案：Spending 解析：考查动名词作主语。此处需要主语来表达 “上网时间过长” 这个动作，故用动名词形式 Spending。 3. (2021・天津卷) It is no use ________ (argue) with him about the matter, for he is very stubborn. 答案：arguing 解析：考查 it 作形式主语和动名词的固定搭配。“It is no use doing sth.” 为固定句型，it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动名词短语 arguing with him about the matter。 4. (2020・江苏卷) With a lot of work ________ (do), I have to cancel the plan of traveling this weekend. 答案：to do 解析：考查 with 复合结构的非谓语动词。宾语 work 与 do 为逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作尚未发生，故用不定式 to do 作宾语补足语，表示将来的动作。 5. (2023・山东潍坊模拟) ________ (expose) to sunlight for too long will do harm to your skin. 答案：Being exposed 解析：考查动名词的被动式作主语。句子主语表示 “被暴露在阳光下” 这个被动动作，故用动名词的被动形式 Being exposed。 6. (2022・湖北武汉模拟) It is important that we ________ (keep) a balanced diet in our daily life. 答案：(should) keep 解析：考查 it 作形式主语和虚拟语气。“It is important that...” 句型中，that 从句的谓语动词需用 “should + 动词原形”，should 可省略。 7. (2021・广东广州模拟) With the teacher ________ (help) me, I am sure I can work out the difficult math problem. 答案：helping 解析：考查 with 复合结构的非谓语动词。宾语 teacher 与 help 为主动关系，且动作正在进行，故用现在分词 helping 作宾语补足语。 8. (2020・四川成都模拟) ________ (learn) a foreign language well requires patience and perseverance. 答案：Learning 解析：考查动名词作主语。此处需要主语表达 “学好一门外语” 这个动作，故用动名词形式 Learning。 9. (2023・北京海淀模拟) It is reported that a new hospital ________ (build) in our city next year. 答案：will be built 解析：考查 it 作形式主语和谓语动词的时态语态。it 作形式主语，真正的主语是 that 从句；从句中 hospital 与 build 为被动关系，且时间状语为 next year，故用一般将来时的被动语态 will be built。 10. (2022・浙江杭州模拟) With all the preparations ________ (make), they are ready to start the project. 答案：made 解析：考查 with 复合结构的非谓语动词。宾语 preparations 与 make 为被动关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词 made 作宾语补足语。 11. (2021・湖南长沙模拟) It is a waste of time ________ (play) computer games all day long. 答案：playing 解析：考查 it 作形式主语和动名词的固定句型。“It is a waste of time doing sth.” 为固定搭配，it 作形式主语，真正主语是动名词短语 playing computer games all day long。 12. (2020・辽宁沈阳模拟) ________ (not finish) the task on time will lead to serious consequences. 答案：Not finishing 解析：考查动名词的否定式作主语。动名词的否定形式是在其前加 not，此处表示 “没有按时完成任务” 这个动作，故填 Not finishing。 13. (2023・福建厦门模拟) With prices ________ (go) up all the time, people find it hard to make ends meet. 答案：going 解析：考查 with 复合结构的非谓语动词。宾语 prices 与 go up 为主动关系，且动作一直在进行，故用现在分词 going 作宾语补足语。 14. (2022・上海浦东模拟) It is necessary that every student ________ (obey) the school rules and regulations. 答案：(should) obey 解析：考查 it 作形式主语和虚拟语气。“It is necessary that...” 句型中，that 从句的谓语动词需用 “should + 动词原形”，should 可省略。 15. (2021・安徽合肥模拟) ________ (attend) the meeting held by the company is a great honor for me. 答案：Attending 解析：考查动名词作主语。此处需要主语表达 “参加公司会议” 这个动作，故用动名词形式 Attending。 Part 3：重点语法：过去将来时 过去将来时核心考点 一、结构构成（重点） 1.肯定式：would + 动词原形 /was/were going to + 动词原形 （提示：was/were 随主语人称和单复数变化，第一、三人称单数用 was，第二人称及复数用 were） eg. He said he would finish the task. / She told me she was going to visit her grandma. 2. 否定式：would not + 动词原形（缩写：wouldn't + 动词原形）； was/were not going to + 动词原形（缩写：wasn't/weren't going to + 动词原形） eg. He said he wouldn't finish the task. / She told me she wasn't going to visit her grandma. 3. 疑问式：Would + 主语 + 动词原形？；Was/Were + 主语 + going to + 动词原形？ 回答对应肯否定形式 eg. Would he finish the task? / Was she going to visit her grandma? 二、核心用法（重点） 1. 表示从过去某一时间看，将要发生的动作或存在的状态 （常用于宾语从句中，主句为过去时） ★标志词：the next day, the following week, soon, later 等，需结合过去语境 eg. He told us that the meeting would start the next day. 2. 表示过去的意图、计划或安排（多用 was/were going to + 动词原形） eg. They were going to have a picnic last Sunday, but it rained. 3. 表示过去习惯性的将来动作（多用 would + 动词原形，可与 used to 互换，侧重 “过去反复发生的将来倾向”） eg. When he was young, he would walk to school every morning. 三、易混点区分（难点） 1. 与一般过去时的区分 过去将来时：强调 “从过去看未来”，动作在过去视角下尚未发生 一般过去时：强调 “过去某时发生的动作”，动作在过去已完成 eg. He said he would go to Beijing.（过去看未来，当时尚未去）/ He went to Beijing yesterday.（过去已发生的动作） 2. 与将来进行时的区分 过去将来时：立足过去视角描述未来的动作（状态不确定，可表意图、计划或客观将来） 将来进行时：立足现在视角描述未来某时正在进行的动作（侧重动作的持续状态） eg. She said she would call me.（过去视角的未来动作） She will be calling me at 8 o'clock tomorrow.（现在视角的未来持续动作） ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1. (2022・全国乙卷改编) By the time he got to the airport, the plane ____________ (take) off. 答案：had taken 解析：by the time + 一般过去时从句 是过去完成时的标志性结构，强调主句动作发生在从句动作之前，即 “飞机起飞” 发生在 “到达机场” 之前，符合 “过去的过去” 的时间逻辑，故用过去完成时 had + 过去分词。 2. (2021・浙江卷改编) Look! The new bridge across the river ____________ (build) by a group of skilled workers now. 答案：is being built 解析：look 是现在进行时的标志词，主语 the new bridge 与动词 build 为被动关系，需用现在进行时的被动结构 am/is/are being + 过去分词，主语为单数，故填 is being built。 3. (2020・天津卷改编) He promised that he ____________ (buy) me a new mobile phone as my birthday present the next month. 答案：would buy 解析：主句 promised 为一般过去时，从句中的 the next month 是过去视角下的将来时间，需用过去将来时，结构为 would + 动词原形，故填 would buy。 4. (2023・山东临沂模拟) My brother ____________ (study) in this university for three years, and he will graduate next summer. 答案：has studied 解析：for three years 是现在完成时的标志，强调动作从过去持续到现在，主语为单数，故用现在完成时 has + 过去分词。 5. (2019・全国 Ⅰ 卷改编) Yesterday I ____________ (meet) an old friend of mine in the supermarket by accident. 答案：met 解析：yesterday 是一般过去时的标志性时间状语，描述过去发生的一次性动作，故用动词的过去式 met。 6. (2022・江苏南京模拟) The sports meeting ____________ (hold) in our school at the end of this month if the weather is fine. 答案：will be held 解析：at the end of this month 是一般将来时的标志，主语 the sports meeting 与 hold 为被动关系，需用一般将来时的被动结构 will be + 过去分词。 7. (2021・北京卷改编) At 9 o'clock this evening I ____________ (watch) a movie with my family in the cinema. 答案：will be watching 解析：at 9 o'clock this evening 是将来进行时的标志性时间状语，强调将来某一具体时刻正在进行的动作，结构为 will be + 现在分词，故填 will be watching。 8. (2020・四川成都模拟) Listen! Someone ___________ (knock) at the door. Go and see who it is. 答案：is knocking 解析：listen 是现在进行时的标志词，描述此刻正在发生的动作，主语 someone 为单数，故用 is + 现在分词。 9. (2023・全国甲卷改编) A lot of new parks ____________ (set) up in our city since last year. 答案：have been set 解析：since last year 是现在完成时的标志，主语 a lot of new parks 与 set up 为被动关系，需用现在完成时的被动结构 have/has been + 过去分词，主语为复数，故填 have been set。 10. (2018・天津卷改编) She said that they ___________ (not go) camping if it rained the next day. 答案：would not go /wouldn't go 解析：主句 said 为一般过去时，从句 the next day 是过去视角下的将来时间，且为条件状语从句，需用过去将来时的否定形式，结构为 would not + 动词原形。 11. (2022・湖北武汉模拟) — ____________ you ____________ (prepare) for the coming English exam these days? — Yes, I am. 答案：Are; preparing 解析：these days 可用于现在进行时，表现阶段正在进行的动作；疑问句结构为 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 现在分词，主语为 you，故用 Are; preparing。 12. (2021・全国 Ⅱ 卷改编) When he arrived at the company, he found that he ____________ (leave) his important documents at home. 答案：had left 解析：arrived 是一般过去时，leave 这个动作发生在 arrived 之前，属于 “过去的过去”，需用过去完成时 had + 过去分词。 13. (2020・浙江杭州模拟) I am sure that our school football team ____________ (win) the match against No.1 Middle School tomorrow. 答案：will win 解析：tomorrow 是一般将来时的标志词，表将来要发生的动作，用 will + 动词原形 结构。 14. (2019・江苏卷改编) The old man told us that he ____________ (travel) to Australia with his wife when he saved enough money. 答案：would travel 解析：主句 told 为一般过去时，从句描述过去计划的将来动作，需用过去将来时，结构为 would + 动词原形。 15. (2023・广东广州模拟) These library books ____________ (not return) yet. You should remind your classmates to give them back at once. 答案：have not been returned /haven't been returned 解析：yet 是现在完成时的标志词，常用于否定句和疑问句；主语 these library books 与 return 为被动关系，需用现在完成时的被动否定结构 have not been + 过去分词。 8 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题10 必修第三册 Unit 5 What an adventure！ 课文预习填空+重点单词+重点句型+语法讲解（寒假预习） 【Understanding ideas】 Climbing Qomolangma: worth the risks? Last year, hundreds of people spent good money on an experience that they knew would include crowds (拥挤), discomfort (comfort) and danger. Many would become sick, due to the extreme cold and low air pressure(低气压), and a few would even lose their lives(甚至丢掉性命). Yet, despite all this, by the end of the trip many were already planning to return. For these people, climbing Qomolangma is an experience like no other, making (make) some feel weak and others, powerful (powerful). British mountain climber George Mallory wrote of climbing Qomolangma, “What we get from this adventure is just sheer joy(纯粹的快乐)... We do not live to eat and make money. We eat and make money to be able to enjoy life. That is what life means and what life is for.” Sadly, Mallory would die on the mountain in 1924, although his body would not be found (find) until many years later. It is still not known if he succeeded in reaching the top of Qomolangma before it took his life(夺走他的生命). In 2011, words similar to those of Mallory were spoken (speak) by American mountain climber Alan Arnette, who climbed Qomolangma in that year and was going to climb other high mountains around the world. “It brings into focus (使……成为焦点) what’s important to you.” He added, “There are a thousand reasons to turn around and only one to keep going. You really have to focus on the one reason that’s most important and unique to you. It forces you to look (look) deep inside yourself and figure out if you really have the physical, as well as mental, toughness (tough) to push when you want to stop.” With the majority of attempts (试图) to climb Qomolangma resulting (result) either in total success or failure(失败), is there also a scientific reason behind this risk-taking? Recent studies indicate (表明) that risk-taking may be part of human nature(人类本性), with some of us more likely to take risks (冒险) than others. Psychologist (心理学家) Frank Farley has spent years studying people who jump out of planes and drive fast cars, as well as those who climb Qomolangma. He refers to the personalities of these people as “Type T”, with the “T” standing for “thrill (惊险；刺激)”. Speaking (speak) to the LA Times about the “Type T” personalities, Farley said, “They’ll say, ‘I’m not taking risks, I’m an expert...’ They don’t want to die and they don’t expect to die(die).” Research also suggests that our desire to seek (seek) risks can be connected to how much we expect to benefit from the result. With this in mind, are the benefits of climbing Qomolangma worth (值得) the risks? It’s totally up to you(取决于你). -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 【Developing ideas】 Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea  In 1866, a terrible sea creature (create) is seen by several ships. Biologist Professor Pierre Aronnax and his servant(仆人), Conseil, join a ship to find and kill the creature. After a long journey into the Pacific Ocean, the creature is finally seen. While attacking (attack) from the ship, Aronnax and Conseil, along with the whale hunter Ned Land, fall into the sea, and discover that the “creature” is actually a submarine(潜水艇). They are captured and taken inside the submarine, where they meet the man in charge(负责), Captain (船长) Nemo. Ahead of its time, the submarine is also a secret from the rest of the world. In order to keep this secret(保守这个秘密), Captain Nemo tells his three newest passengers that they are not permitted to leave (不被允许离开) the submarine. While Ned Land can think only of escaping, Aronnax and Conseil are fascinated by (被……迷住) their adventures in the new underwater world. In this part adapted from a chapter (章节) of the book, Aronnax describes the experience of walking on the sea bed...  And now, how can I look back upon the impression left (leave) upon me by that walk under the waters? Words are not enough to relate (联系) such wonders! Captain Nemo walked in front, one of his men following (follow) some steps behind. Conseil and I remained near each other, as if an exchange of words had been possible through our metal cases. I no longer felt the weight (weigh) of my clothes, or of my shoes, of my air supply, or my thick helmet (头盔), inside which my head shook like a nut (坚果) in its shell.  The light, which lit the soil thirty feet below the surface of the ocean, astonished (astonish) me by its power. The solar rays shone through (阳光穿透) the watery mass easily, and consumed (消耗) all colour, and I clearly distinguished (看清；认出) objects at a distance of a hundred and fifty yards. Beyond that the colours darkened (dark) into fine shades of deep blue, and gradually (逐渐地) disappeared. Truly this water which surrounded (围绕；环绕) me was but another air heavier than the Earth’s atmosphere, but almost as clear. Above me was the calm surface of the sea. We were walking on fine, evens and, not wrinkled(有褶皱的), as on a flat shore(平坦的海滩), which keeps the impression of the waves. This dazzling carpet(地毯), really a reflector, drove away the rays of the sun with wonderful intensity(强度), which accounted for the vibration (震动) which passed through every atom of liquid. Shall I be believed when I say that, at the depth (deep) of thirty feet, I could see as if I was in broad daylight(在大白天)?  (Adaptation (adapt) from Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea by Jules Verne) 知 识 精 讲 Part 1：重点单词 核心单词 词性及含义 词性转换 固定搭配 worth (adj.) 有…… 价值的； 值得的 (n.) 价值；用处 worthy (adj.) 值得的；配得上的 worthwhile (adj.) 值得做的 ◆be worth + 名词 / 代词 ◆be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 ◆sth be worthy of being done/ to be done 某物值得…… ◆it is worthwhile doing/to do sth 做某事是值得的 attempt (v.) 试图；尝试；努力 (n.) 尝试；努力；试图 attempted (adj.) 企图的；未遂的 ◆attempt to do sth. 试图做某事 ◆make an attempt to do sth. 尝试做某事 astonish (v.) 使惊讶；使吃惊 astonished (adj.) 感到惊讶的 astonishing (adj.) 令人惊讶的 astonishment (n.) 惊讶 ◆be astonished at/by sth. 对某事感到惊讶 ◆be astonished to do sth. 惊讶地做某事 ◆in astonishment 惊讶地 ◆to one’s astonishment 令某人惊讶的是 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. (2023・全国甲卷改编) The book is well worth ____________ (read), so I recommend it to all my classmates. 2. (2022・浙江卷改编) It is ____________ (worth) of you to take the trouble to help the disabled; we all admire your kindness. 3. (2021・天津卷改编) They made an attempt ________ (climb) the mountain, but failed because of the bad weather. 4. (2020・江苏卷改编) No one ____________ (attempt) to escape from the burning building, for the firefighters arrived in time. 5. (2023・山东济南模拟) All the audience were ____________ (astonish) at the singer's wonderful performance last night. 6. (2022・湖北武汉模拟) It was an ____________ (astonish) achievement that he won the first prize in the international competition. 7. (2021・广东广州模拟) To our great ____________ (astonish), the little boy solved the complex math problem in only five minutes. 8. (2020・四川成都模拟) What ____________ (astonish) me most is that he has learned three foreign languages by himself. 9. (2023・河北石家庄模拟) It is worthwhile _________ (spend) some time reading English aloud every morning; it will improve your pronunciation. 10. (2022・安徽合肥模拟) The prisoner made an ____________ (attempt) escape, but he was caught by the police soon. Part 2：重点句型 【根据汉语提示完成句子】 1. With the majority of attempts ________ (climb) Qomolangma resulting either in total success _______ failure, is there also a ___________ reason behind this risk-taking? 攀登珠穆朗玛峰的大多数尝试要么大获全胜，要么彻底失败，这一冒险行为的背后是否有科学解释？ 【核心结构】 with 复合结构 本句中 with 复合结构的完整形式为：with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 ◇宾语：the majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma（攀登珠穆朗玛峰的大多数尝试） ◇宾语补足语：resulting either in total success or failure（要么完全成功，要么彻底失败） ◇逻辑关系：宾语 attempts 和补足语 result 是主动关系，因此用现在分词形式作宾补。 这个 with 复合结构在句中作 原因状语，相当于原因状语从句： Because the majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma result either in total success or failure... 【核心用法总结】 一、with 复合结构的基本公式：with + 宾语 (名词 / 代词) + 宾语补足语 宾补可以根据宾语和宾补的逻辑关系，选择不同形式，具体分为以下 5 种： 宾补形式 适用条件（逻辑关系） 例 句 现在分词 (doing) 宾语与宾补是主动关系， 且动作正在进行 With the boy leading the way, we found the village easily. 男孩带路，我们轻松找到了村子. 过去分词 (done) 宾语与宾补是被动关系， 且动作已完成 With his homework finished, he went out to play. 作业完成后，他出去玩了。 不定式 (to do) 宾语与宾补是主动关系， 且动作尚未发生 With a lot of work to do, I can't go shopping with you. 有很多工作要做，我不能和你逛街。 形容词 (adj.) 表示宾语的状态或特征 He slept with the window open. 他开着窗户睡觉。 副词 (adv.) 表示宾语的位置或状态 With her son away, she felt lonely. 儿子不在身边，她感到孤单。 二、 with 复合结构 的句式功能 1. 作状语（最常用）：可表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式等，如原句表原因。 2. 作定语：修饰前面的名词，放在名词后。 eg. The girl with a smile on her face is my sister.（脸上带着微笑的女孩是我妹妹） 三、 注意事项 1. with 复合结构中，宾补不能用谓语动词，必须用非谓语动词或其他词性的词。 2. 当 with 复合结构表伴随或方式时，可省略 with，变成 “宾语+宾补” 的独立主格结构。 eg. The meeting ended, the discussion finished.（会议结束，讨论也随之收尾） 2. __________ ________ _______ is helpful before you go on an adventure! 在你开始一次冒险之前，学习急救是有帮助的！ 【核心结构】动词作主语 本句中动名词短语 Learning first aid 作主语，表示 “学习急救知识” 这个抽象的动作或行为，在句中作主语时，谓语动词需用单数形式，本句中对应 is。 该句可改写为同义句（不定式作主语）：To learn first aid is helpful before you go on an adventure! 但动名词作主语更侧重动作的普遍性、习惯性，不定式作主语更侧重动作的具体性、一次性。 【用法总结】动名词作主语的用法 1、 主要用法： 动名词（v.-ing）作主语，本质是将动词名词化，表动作或行为的概念，主要用法如下： 1. 直接作句子主语，谓语动词一律用单数形式。 eg. Reading is a good way to broaden your horizons.（阅读是拓宽视野的好方法。） 2. 用 it 作形式主语，动名词后置，目的是避免句子主语过长导致头重脚轻， 结构：It is + adj./n. + doing sth.常见形容词/名词有 no good, no use, useless, fun, a waste of time 等， eg. It is no use crying over spilt milk.（覆水难收。） 3. 动名词短语作主语，结构：动名词 + 宾语/状语 构成短语作主语，整体视为单数。 eg. Taking exercise regularly is beneficial to our body.（规律锻炼有益身体健康。） 二、动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别 对比维度 动名词作主语 不定式作主语 语义侧重 表习惯性、普遍性的动作 表具体性、一次性的动作或未发生的动作 句式结构 可直接作主语； 可用于 It is no use/good doing 可直接作主语； 可用于 It is adj. (for/of sb.) to do 例句对比 Running is my favorite sport. 跑步是我最喜欢的运动→习惯 To run in the park tomorrow sounds great. 明天去公园跑步听起来不错→具体动作 三、 注意事项 1. 动名词的逻辑主语可以用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格表示，放在动名词前： eg. His coming late made the teacher angry. （他迟到让老师生气了。） 2. 某些动词短语的动名词形式作主语时，短语结构保持不变： eg. Looking forward to your reply is what I do every day. （期待你的回复是我每天都做的事。） ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. (2023・新课标 Ⅰ 卷) With the crisis ________ (settle) peacefully, all the people in the town sighed with relief. 2. (2022・浙江卷) ________ (spend) too much time online is harmful to your health, which is a warning from doctors. 3. (2021・天津卷) It is no use ________ (argue) with him about the matter, for he is very stubborn. 4. (2020・江苏卷) With a lot of work ________ (do), I have to cancel the plan of traveling this weekend. 5. (2023・山东潍坊模拟) ________ (expose) to sunlight for too long will do harm to your skin. 6. (2022・湖北武汉模拟) It is important that we ________ (keep) a balanced diet in our daily life. 7. (2021・广东广州模拟) With the teacher ________ (help) me, I am sure I can work out the difficult math problem. 8. (2020・四川成都模拟) ________ (learn) a foreign language well requires patience and perseverance. 9. (2023・北京海淀模拟) It is reported that a new hospital ________ (build) in our city next year. 10. (2022・浙江杭州模拟) With all the preparations ________ (make), they are ready to start the project. 11. (2021・湖南长沙模拟) It is a waste of time ________ (play) computer games all day long. 12. (2020・辽宁沈阳模拟) ________ (not finish) the task on time will lead to serious consequences. 13. (2023・福建厦门模拟) With prices ________ (go) up all the time, people find it hard to make ends meet. 14. (2022・上海浦东模拟) It is necessary that every student ________ (obey) the school rules and regulations. 15. (2021・安徽合肥模拟) ________ (attend) the meeting held by the company is a great honor for me. Part 3：重点语法：过去将来时 过去将来时核心考点 一、结构构成（重点） 1.肯定式：would + 动词原形 /was/were going to + 动词原形 （提示：was/were 随主语人称和单复数变化，第一、三人称单数用 was，第二人称及复数用 were） eg. He said he would finish the task. / She told me she was going to visit her grandma. 2. 否定式：would not + 动词原形（缩写：wouldn't + 动词原形）； was/were not going to + 动词原形（缩写：wasn't/weren't going to + 动词原形） eg. He said he wouldn't finish the task. / She told me she wasn't going to visit her grandma. 3. 疑问式：Would + 主语 + 动词原形？；Was/Were + 主语 + going to + 动词原形？ 回答对应肯否定形式 eg. Would he finish the task? / Was she going to visit her grandma? 二、核心用法（重点） 1. 表示从过去某一时间看，将要发生的动作或存在的状态 （常用于宾语从句中，主句为过去时） ★标志词：the next day, the following week, soon, later 等，需结合过去语境 eg. He told us that the meeting would start the next day. 2. 表示过去的意图、计划或安排（多用 was/were going to + 动词原形） eg. They were going to have a picnic last Sunday, but it rained. 3. 表示过去习惯性的将来动作（多用 would + 动词原形，可与 used to 互换，侧重 “过去反复发生的将来倾向”） eg. When he was young, he would walk to school every morning. 三、易混点区分（难点） 1. 与一般过去时的区分 过去将来时：强调 “从过去看未来”，动作在过去视角下尚未发生 一般过去时：强调 “过去某时发生的动作”，动作在过去已完成 eg. He said he would go to Beijing.（过去看未来，当时尚未去）/ He went to Beijing yesterday.（过去已发生的动作） 2. 与将来进行时的区分 过去将来时：立足过去视角描述未来的动作（状态不确定，可表意图、计划或客观将来） 将来进行时：立足现在视角描述未来某时正在进行的动作（侧重动作的持续状态） eg. She said she would call me.（过去视角的未来动作） She will be calling me at 8 o'clock tomorrow.（现在视角的未来持续动作） ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1. (2022・全国乙卷改编) By the time he got to the airport, the plane ____________ (take) off. 2. (2021・浙江卷改编) Look! The new bridge across the river ____________ (build) by a group of skilled workers now. 3. (2020・天津卷改编) He promised that he ____________ (buy) me a new mobile phone as my birthday present the next month. 4. (2023・山东临沂模拟) My brother ____________ (study) in this university for three years, and he will graduate next summer. 5. (2019・全国 Ⅰ 卷改编) Yesterday I ____________ (meet) an old friend of mine in the supermarket by accident. 6. (2022・江苏南京模拟) The sports meeting ____________ (hold) in our school at the end of this month if the weather is fine. 7. (2021・北京卷改编) At 9 o'clock this evening I ____________ (watch) a movie with my family in the cinema. 8. (2020・四川成都模拟) Listen! Someone ___________ (knock) at the door. Go and see who it is. 9. (2023・全国甲卷改编) A lot of new parks ____________ (set) up in our city since last year. 10. (2018・天津卷改编) She said that they ___________ (not go) camping if it rained the next day. 11. (2022・湖北武汉模拟) — ____________ you ____________ (prepare) for the coming English exam these days? — Yes, I am. 12. (2021・全国 Ⅱ 卷改编) When he arrived at the company, he found that he ____________ (leave) his important documents at home. 13. (2020・浙江杭州模拟) I am sure that our school football team ____________ (win) the match against No.1 Middle School tomorrow. 14. (2019・江苏卷改编) The old man told us that he ____________ (travel) to Australia with his wife when he saved enough money. 15. (2023・广东广州模拟) These library books ____________ (not return) yet. You should remind your classmates to give them back at once. 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $