专题09 必修第三册 Unit 4 课文预习填空+重点单词+重点句型+语法讲解（寒假预习讲义）高一英语外研版

专题09 必修第三册 Unit 4 Amazing Art 课文预习填空+重点单词+重点句型+语法讲解（寒假预习） 【Understanding ideas】 Live from the Louvre  Hi, it’s Zack! Greetings (问候) from Paris, everyone! This broadcast is being brought (bring) to you from the largest (large) museum on Earth—the Louvre! Today we’re going to find out about some of the Louvre’s most amazing treasures (宝藏). Here we go!  Now, at the top of these stone stairs(阶梯)... get a load of (看一看) that! That huge sculpture you can see is the Winged Victory of Samothrace, or Nike of Samothrace! I can’t even begin to tell you how amazing this is! It looks like she has just flown (fly) down out of the sky and is standing on a ship. Her head and arms are missing, but you can imagine her holding (hold) her arms up high, celebrating the result of an ancient battle (战场). And just look at how her dress is being folded (fold) by the wind! I really can’t believe she’s made of stone. The skill of the sculptor (sculpt) is just incredible.  Okay, I’d better move on. You can see there are so many people here. I’m being pushed (push) around quite a bit, in fact. And you’re really going to love what’s coming up next. It’s the one and only Mona Lisa! The painting is a lot smaller than you would expect, and is protected (protect) by glass. But from here I can get a good view to show you. When I look into her eyes it seems she has a mind of her own! One moment she seems to be laughing at me, but then again I catch a sense of sadness (sad) in her smile. I guess that’s why she attracts so many visitors every day.  And now, it’s time to get up close and personal (person) with one of history’s greatest artists—Rembrandt! He painted this self-portrait (画像) about 400 years ago. Throughout his life, he made over 90 self-portraits! No one really knows why. Perhaps it was his way of taking a 17th-century selfie? Or was it simply cheaper to paint himself than to pay (pay) for a model?  About 35,000 works are currently being displayed (display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything! I’ll say bye for now, and hope you can all visit this fantastic place one day to feel the power of these great works of art for yourselves (you). They really do reach out to us across the centuries as if time itself were nothing. By the way, if you have enjoyed this live broadcast, subscribe (订阅) to find out where I’m visiting next! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 【Developing ideas】 Han Gan and His Horses  What a magnificent horse (好一匹骏马)! Even after more than a thousand years have passed, we can still feel the power within its burning (burn) eyes, bared (bare) teeth and kicking hooves(马蹄). Night-Shining White, now kept in New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art, is regarded as (被认为是) one of the most significant horse paintings in the history of Chinese art. Its artist, Han Gan, is known for his skill in capturing not only the physical features of the animal, but also its inner spirit and strength(内在的精神和力量).  Born (bear) into a poor family in the early Tang Dynasty, the young Han Gan had to help support his family by working in a local wine (酒) shop. His artistic talent was discovered (discover) by accident when he was sent to the poet Wang Wei’s house to collect payment (pay) for some wine. While waiting (wait) at the gate, Han Gan used a stick to draw pictures in the dirt (土地) and was seen by the poet himself. Wang Wei decided to sponsor (资助) the young man to study painting and recommended (推荐) him to a master. Due to Han Gan’s natural talent and years of hard work, he was eventually chosen to serve Emperor (皇帝) Xuanzong in the royal palace.  The Tang emperors were very fond of (非常喜欢) horses. This meant that the animal was a frequent subject (常见的主题) for artists. At that time, the most common way to study horse painting was by copying (临摹) the works of previous (之前的) painters. Han Gan’s method, however, was different—he observed the animal itself (it). He was a frequent visitor to the royal stables and even moved in to live (live) with the stable workers for quite some time. The horses, whether resting or on the move, offered him plenty of inspiration (inspire) . The more time he spent observing these animals, the more his understanding of them grew. Day after day, Han Gan painted the horses, his brush presenting (present) every detail that he saw with his own eyes.  It is said that when the Emperor asked (ask) Han Gan to take a master of horse painting as his teacher, the artist replied, “I have my own teachers, Your Majesty. All the horses in your stables are my very teachers.”  Those who saw Han Gan’s horse paintings all sang high praises for (对……高度赞扬) his unique skill, saying that his horses “could gallop (跳跃) off the paper”. Even Su Shi, the famous poet of the Song Dynasty, expressed his admiration (admire) for Han Gan as a master of horse painting with the words, “The horses painted by Han Gan are real horses.” 知 识 精 讲 Part 1：重点单词 核心单词 词性及含义 词性转换 固定搭配 imagine v. 想象；设想；认为 imagination (n.) 想象力 imaginative (adj.) 富有想象力的 imaginary (adj.) 虚构的 ◆imagine doing sth. 想象做某事 ◆imagine sb. doing sth. 想象某人做某事 ◆imagine that... 设想…… live v. 居住；生活；生存 adj. 活的；现场直播的 adv. 现场直播地 life (n.) 生活；生命 living (adj.) 活着的；现存的 living (n.) 生计；生活方式 lively (adj.) 活泼的；生动的 ◆live on 以……为食；靠……生活 ◆live a... life 过着……的生活 ◆live broadcast 现场直播 lack v. 缺乏；没有 n. 缺乏；不足 lacking (adj.) 缺乏的；不足的 ◆lack sth. 缺乏某物 ◆a lack of... 缺乏…… ◆be lacking in... 在……方面不足 regard v. 认为；看作；注视 n. 尊重；关心；问候 regarding (prep.) 关于 regardless (adv.) 不管；不顾 regardful (adj.) 留意的；关心的 ◆regard... as... 把……看作…… ◆with regard to 关于；至于 ◆in regard to 关于 ◆give one’s regards to sb. 代某人向……问好 recommend v. 推荐；建议；介绍 recommendation (n.) 推荐；建议 recommendable (adj.) 值得推荐的 ◆recommend sth. to sb. 向某人推荐某物 ◆recommend doing sth. 建议做某事 ◆recommend (that) sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人做某事 present v. 赠送；呈现；介绍 adj. 出席的；现在的 n. 礼物；现在 presence (n.) 存在；出席 presentation (n.) 展示；介绍；陈述 ◆present sb. with sth. = present sth. to sb. 向某人赠送某物 ◆be present at 出席…… ◆at present 目前；现在 inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人/事 inspire (v.) 鼓舞；激励；赋予灵感 inspiring (adj.) 鼓舞人心的；激励的 inspired (adj.) 受启发的；有灵感的 ◆be an inspiration to sb. 对某人来说是一种鼓舞 ◆draw inspiration from 从……中汲取灵感 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. (2023・新课标 Ⅰ 卷改编) It is hard to imagine ______ (live) in a place where there are no cars or phones. 2. (2022・浙江卷改编) People usually regard him ______ a reliable friend, so he is always welcome at parties. 3. (2021・全国乙卷改编) The teacher recommended ______ (finish) the project before the weekend. 4. (2020・山东卷改编) His paintings were full of ______ (inspire), which made him popular among young artists. 5. (2024・江苏南通模拟改编) The ______ (present) of the new technology has greatly improved our work efficiency. 6. (2022・四川成都模拟改编) She is a woman with a ______ (live) personality, so everyone likes to talk with her. 7. (2024・天津和平区模拟改编) I highly recommend that you ______ (attend) the lecture on environmental protection tomorrow. 8. (2023・湖南长沙模拟改编) As a famous writer, she has written many novels that are ______ (imagine) and attractive. 9. (2022・安徽合肥模拟改编) In regard ______ your request, we have decided to provide you with all the necessary information. 10. (2021・福建厦门模拟改编) The little boy presented his mother ______ a handmade card on Mother’s Day. 11. (2023・陕西西安模拟改编) Because of his lack ______ confidence, he failed to take part in the speech competition. 12. (2024・山东潍坊模拟改编) The ______ (inspire) story moved all the audience to tears at the charity meeting. 13. (2023・河北石家庄模拟改编) The professor’s ______ (present) on environmental protection was highly praised by the students. 14. (2022・全国甲卷改编) At present, a new library ______ (build) in our city and it is expected to open to the public next year. 15. (2024・江苏苏州模拟改编) We will take your ______(recommend) into careful consideration when making the final decision. Part 2：重点句型 【根据汉语提示完成句子】 1. I guess that’s why she attracts so many visitors every day. 我想那就是她每天吸引这么多游客的原因。 【核心句型】That's why + 结果状语从句 That's = That is（主语 + 系动词，"that" 指代前文提到的某个情况 / 原因） why：连接副词，引导结果状语从句，表 “这就是…… 的原因” 从句部分（she attracts so many visitors every day）：陈述前文原因导致的结果，用陈述句语序。 ◆拓展用法 ①同义替换：可改为 “That's the reason why + 从句”（why 引导定语从句，修饰 reason），如：That's the reason why she attracts so many visitors every day. ②句式变形：若强调原因，可用于 “The reason (why...) is that...” 结构（与 That's why 因果方向相反），如：The reason she attracts so many visitors every day is that ……. 【相关句型】 ①That's because + 原因状语从句，即 “结果 → 原因” 的逻辑推导。 eg. She failed the exam. That's because she didn't study hard for it. （她考试不及格，那是因为她没有为之努力学习。） ②The reason why... is that... 结构解析：why 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 the reason；that 引导表语从句，说明具体原因（注意：表语从句的引导词只能用 that，不能用 because）。 eg. The reason why he was late for class is that he missed the first bus. （他上课迟到的原因是错过了首班公交车。） ③The reason for (doing) sth is that... 结构解析：for 为介词，后接名词或动名词，表 “某事的原因”； that 引导表语从句说明原因。 eg. The reason for his absence is that he has caught a bad cold. （他缺席的原因是得了重感冒。） 2. They really do reach out to us across the centuries as if time itself were nothing. 他们真的跨越几个世纪在向我们招手，好像时间本身什么都不是。 【核心句型】as if 从句使用虚拟语气 本句中as if time itself were nothing 是方式状语从句，用虚拟语气表示 “仿佛时间本身不存在一样”。从句特点：从句中 were 为虚拟语气的标志，因为 “时间本身不存在” 是与事实不符的假设。 【用法总结】 ①使用条件 当 as if / as though 引导的从句所表达的内容与事实不符、是主观想象或夸大的情况时，从句需用虚拟语气。 ②时态规则（核心） 虚拟语气的时态需根据主句动作与从句动作发生的时间关系来确定，具体分为三类： 时间关系 从句谓语动词形式 例句 与现在 事实相反 用一般过去时； be 动词统一用 were She talks about the ancient city as if she were there before.（她没去过那里） 与过去 事实相反 用过去完成时 （had + 过去分词） He looked as if he had seen a ghost. （他没看到鬼） 与将来 事实相反 用would /could/might + 动词原形 He behaves as if he would never make a mistake. （他肯定会犯错） ③与陈述语气的对比 若 as if 从句内容是真实或极有可能发生的情况，则用陈述语气，无需虚拟。 虚拟语气（非真实）：He acts as if he owned the world.（他并不拥有世界） 陈述语气（真实）：It looks as if it is going to rain.（天很可能真的要下雨） ④难点提示 当主句为过去时态时，虚拟语气的时态仍遵循上述规则，不受主句时态影响。 例：She told me a story as if she had experienced it herself. （主句为过去时 told，从句与过去事实相反，用 had experienced） ★非正式语境中，主语为第三人称单数时，偶尔会用 was 代替 were， 但正式书面语中优先用 were。 3. Day after day, Han Gan painted the horses, his brush presenting (present) every detail that he saw with his own eyes. 韩干日复一日地画马，他的画笔把他亲眼所见的每一个细节都呈现出来。 【核心知识点】独立主格结构 his brush presenting every detail that he saw with his own eyes ◇构成要素拆解 ①逻辑主语：his brush（画笔，与主句主语 Han Gan 不一致，独立主格结构的核心特征） ②现在分词：presenting（与逻辑主语 his brush 为主动关系，表 “画笔呈现出……”） ③定语从句：that he saw with his own eyes（修饰先行词 detail，意为 “他亲眼所见的细节”） ◇句法功能：作伴随状语，补充说明主句动作 painted 发生时的伴随状态，即 “韩干作画的同时，画笔呈现出他观察到的所有细节”。 ★独立主格结构核心知识点总结 ①定义与核心特征 独立主格结构是一种非谓语动词作状语的特殊结构，由 “逻辑主语 + 非谓语动词 / 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语” 构成，在句中作状语（表伴随、时间、原因、条件等）。 核心特征 1：逻辑主语与主句主语不一致，结构具有独立性。 核心特征 2：需用逗号与主句隔开，不能单独构成完整句子。 核心特征 3：无需连词连接，可直接修饰主句。 ②高考高频构成形式 结构类型 具体形式 典型例句 用法说明 主动关系 名词 / 代词 + 现在分词 The girl came in, her dog following her closely. 逻辑主语与动作 是主动关系， 表动作正在进行 被动关系 名词 / 代词 + 过去分词 The work finished, we went home happily. 逻辑主语与动作 是被动关系， 表动作已完成 将来动作 名词 / 代词 + 不定式 The plan to be carried out, we need to make full preparations. 表动作尚未发生， 含将来含义 表状态 名词 / 代词 + 形容词/副词/介词短语 The meeting over, they all left the hall. He stood still, his hands in his pockets. 用形容词、副词 或介词短语描述 逻辑主语的状态 ③与分词作状语的区别（易错点对比） 结构类型 逻辑主语 例句对比 分词作状语 与主句主语一致 Seeing the teacher, the students stood up. （seeing 的逻辑主语是主句主语 the students） 独立主格结构 与主句主语不一致 The teacher coming, the students stood up. （coming 的逻辑主语是 the teacher，与主句主语不一致） ④句式转换技巧 独立主格结构可转换为 对应的状语从句，原句可改写为： Day after day, Han Gan painted the horses while his brush presented every detail that he saw with his own eyes. ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. （2023·全国甲卷改编）The reason _____ he missed the train is that he got up too late this morning. 2. （2024·江苏苏州模拟）She talks about the ancient palace as if she ______ (live) there for years. In fact, she has never been there. 3. （2022·浙江卷改编）The reason ______ cancling the sports meeting is that the weather is extremely bad. 4. （2024·山东济南模拟）The problem ______ (solve), the team members finally got some rest after days of hard work. 5. （2021·全国乙卷改编）He looked as if he ______ (see) a terrifying monster. His face turned pale. 6. （2024·湖北武汉模拟）That's the reason why we ______ (take) effective measures to protect cultural heritage so far. 7. （2024·四川成都模拟）The sun ______ (rise), the farmers began to work in the field at dawn. 8. （2023·新课标Ⅱ卷改编）The reason why the old building is preserved well is _____ it has been repaired regularly. 9. （2024·天津和平区模拟）She behaves as if she ______ (be) the queen of the country. Everyone thinks her behavior is strange. 10. （2024·广东广州模拟）His homework ______ (finish), he went to the cinema with his friends happily. 11. （2024·安徽合肥模拟）She didn't attend the party. That's ______ she had to take care of her sick grandmother at home. 12. （2024·湖南长沙模拟）The wind ______ (blow) strongly, we had to postpone our outdoor activity. 13. （2021·浙江卷改编）He talks as if he ______ (travel) around the world. Actually, he has never left his hometown. 14. （2024·河南郑州模拟）The reason for him ______ (refuse) the invitation is that he has a family dinner to attend. 15. （2023·湖北卷改编）She stared at the painting as if she ______ (understand) every hidden meaning in it. But she knew nothing about art. Part 3：重点语法：现在进行时的被动语态 现在进行时被动语态核心考点 1. 结构构成（重点） ①肯定式：am/is/are being + 过去分词 eg. The new library is being built. ②否定式：am/is/are not being + 过去分词 缩写：isn't/aren't being + 过去分词（am not being 无缩写） eg. The new library isn't being built. ③疑问式：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + being + 过去分词？ 回答对应肯否定形式，提示：am/is/are随主语人称和单复数变化 eg. Is the new library being built? 2. 核心用法（重点） ①表示此时此刻正在被进行的动作（标志词：now, at the moment, at present, look, listen等） eg. The meeting is being held now. Please keep quiet. ②表示现阶段正在被进行的动作（动作可能此刻未正在进行，但在当前阶段持续进行）（标志词：these days, recently, nowadays等） eg. A lot of old buildings are being renovated these days in our city. ③用于被动语态的特殊句式（如介词in/under等+名词表被动含义的替换） eg. The problem is being discussed. = The problem is under discussion. 3. 与现在完成时被动的区分（难点） ①现在进行时被动： 强调动作“此刻/现阶段正在被进行”，侧重动作的进行状态 标志词：now, at the moment, these days, recently等 eg. The bridge is being built now. We need to take a detour. ②现在完成时被动： 强调动作“已完成，对现在有影响”或“从过去持续到现在”，侧重动作的结果或持续状态 标志词：already, yet, just, for+时间段, since+过去时间/从句等 eg. The bridge has been built. It's convenient for us to travel now. ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1. （2024·湖南长沙模拟）The problem ______ (not discuss) at the meeting now. Let's wait for the next topic. 2. （2024·广东广州模拟）More and more plastic products ______ (replace) with environmentally friendly materials so far. 3. （2024·天津和平区模拟）______ the new school library ______ (decorate) now? I need to borrow some books. 4. （2024·河南郑州模拟）Look! The workers ______ (restore) the old temple. It will look as beautiful as before. 5. （2024·安徽合肥模拟）The bridge ______ (build) for three years, but it ______ (not complete) yet. It ______ (construct) now. 6. （2024·四川成都模拟）At present, the old factory ______ (not rebuild) because of the bad weather. 7. （2024·湖北武汉模拟）The workers ______ (plant) many trees in the park since last year. The park has become much greener. 8. （2024·浙江杭州模拟）______ the cultural show ______ (organize) by the students these days? It's said to be wonderful. 9. （2024·江苏苏州模拟）These old photos ______ (sort out) already. My grandma can use them now. 10. （2024·福建厦门模拟）A new hospital ______ (set up) recently. It ______ (equip) with advanced medical tools now. 11. （2024·湖北武汉模拟）Listen! The English song ______ (sing) by the students in the next classroom. Their voices are sweet. 12. （2024·山东济南模拟）At the moment, the engineers ______ (build) a new subway line in our city to improve public transport. 13. （2024·辽宁沈阳模拟）______ these old photos ______ (sort out) at the moment? My grandma needs them. 14. （2024·河北石家庄模拟）The meeting room ______ (clean) already. But the chairs ______ (arrange) now for the afternoon meeting. 15. （2024·重庆渝中模拟）Many trees ______ (plant) in the park since last year. And more trees ______ (sow) these days to make the park greener. 2 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题09 必修第三册 Unit 4 Amazing Art 课文预习填空+重点单词+重点句型+语法讲解（寒假预习） 【Understanding ideas】 Live from the Louvre  Hi, it’s Zack! Greetings (问候) from Paris, everyone! This broadcast is being brought (bring) to you from the largest (large) museum on Earth—the Louvre! Today we’re going to find out about some of the Louvre’s most amazing treasures (宝藏). Here we go!  Now, at the top of these stone stairs(阶梯)... get a load of (看一看) that! That huge sculpture you can see is the Winged Victory of Samothrace, or Nike of Samothrace! I can’t even begin to tell you how amazing this is! It looks like she has just flown (fly) down out of the sky and is standing on a ship. Her head and arms are missing, but you can imagine her holding (hold) her arms up high, celebrating the result of an ancient battle (战场). And just look at how her dress is being folded (fold) by the wind! I really can’t believe she’s made of stone. The skill of the sculptor (sculpt) is just incredible.  Okay, I’d better move on. You can see there are so many people here. I’m being pushed (push) around quite a bit, in fact. And you’re really going to love what’s coming up next. It’s the one and only Mona Lisa! The painting is a lot smaller than you would expect, and is protected (protect) by glass. But from here I can get a good view to show you. When I look into her eyes it seems she has a mind of her own! One moment she seems to be laughing at me, but then again I catch a sense of sadness (sad) in her smile. I guess that’s why she attracts so many visitors every day.  And now, it’s time to get up close and personal (person) with one of history’s greatest artists—Rembrandt! He painted this self-portrait (画像) about 400 years ago. Throughout his life, he made over 90 self-portraits! No one really knows why. Perhaps it was his way of taking a 17th-century selfie? Or was it simply cheaper to paint himself than to pay (pay) for a model?  About 35,000 works are currently being displayed (display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything! I’ll say bye for now, and hope you can all visit this fantastic place one day to feel the power of these great works of art for yourselves (you). They really do reach out to us across the centuries as if time itself were nothing. By the way, if you have enjoyed this live broadcast, subscribe (订阅) to find out where I’m visiting next! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 【Developing ideas】 Han Gan and His Horses  What a magnificent horse (好一匹骏马)! Even after more than a thousand years have passed, we can still feel the power within its burning (burn) eyes, bared (bare) teeth and kicking hooves(马蹄). Night-Shining White, now kept in New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art, is regarded as (被认为是) one of the most significant horse paintings in the history of Chinese art. Its artist, Han Gan, is known for his skill in capturing not only the physical features of the animal, but also its inner spirit and strength(内在的精神和力量).  Born (bear) into a poor family in the early Tang Dynasty, the young Han Gan had to help support his family by working in a local wine (酒) shop. His artistic talent was discovered (discover) by accident when he was sent to the poet Wang Wei’s house to collect payment (pay) for some wine. While waiting (wait) at the gate, Han Gan used a stick to draw pictures in the dirt (土地) and was seen by the poet himself. Wang Wei decided to sponsor (资助) the young man to study painting and recommended (推荐) him to a master. Due to Han Gan’s natural talent and years of hard work, he was eventually chosen to serve Emperor (皇帝) Xuanzong in the royal palace.  The Tang emperors were very fond of (非常喜欢) horses. This meant that the animal was a frequent subject (常见的主题) for artists. At that time, the most common way to study horse painting was by copying (临摹) the works of previous (之前的) painters. Han Gan’s method, however, was different—he observed the animal itself (it). He was a frequent visitor to the royal stables and even moved in to live (live) with the stable workers for quite some time. The horses, whether resting or on the move, offered him plenty of inspiration (inspire) . The more time he spent observing these animals, the more his understanding of them grew. Day after day, Han Gan painted the horses, his brush presenting (present) every detail that he saw with his own eyes.  It is said that when the Emperor asked (ask) Han Gan to take a master of horse painting as his teacher, the artist replied, “I have my own teachers, Your Majesty. All the horses in your stables are my very teachers.”  Those who saw Han Gan’s horse paintings all sang high praises for (对……高度赞扬) his unique skill, saying that his horses “could gallop (跳跃) off the paper”. Even Su Shi, the famous poet of the Song Dynasty, expressed his admiration (admire) for Han Gan as a master of horse painting with the words, “The horses painted by Han Gan are real horses.” 知 识 精 讲 Part 1：重点单词 核心单词 词性及含义 词性转换 固定搭配 imagine v. 想象；设想；认为 imagination (n.) 想象力 imaginative (adj.) 富有想象力的 imaginary (adj.) 虚构的 ◆imagine doing sth. 想象做某事 ◆imagine sb. doing sth. 想象某人做某事 ◆imagine that... 设想…… live v. 居住；生活；生存 adj. 活的；现场直播的 adv. 现场直播地 life (n.) 生活；生命 living (adj.) 活着的；现存的 living (n.) 生计；生活方式 lively (adj.) 活泼的；生动的 ◆live on 以……为食；靠……生活 ◆live a... life 过着……的生活 ◆live broadcast 现场直播 lack v. 缺乏；没有 n. 缺乏；不足 lacking (adj.) 缺乏的；不足的 ◆lack sth. 缺乏某物 ◆a lack of... 缺乏…… ◆be lacking in... 在……方面不足 regard v. 认为；看作；注视 n. 尊重；关心；问候 regarding (prep.) 关于 regardless (adv.) 不管；不顾 regardful (adj.) 留意的；关心的 ◆regard... as... 把……看作…… ◆with regard to 关于；至于 ◆in regard to 关于 ◆give one’s regards to sb. 代某人向……问好 recommend v. 推荐；建议；介绍 recommendation (n.) 推荐；建议 recommendable (adj.) 值得推荐的 ◆recommend sth. to sb. 向某人推荐某物 ◆recommend doing sth. 建议做某事 ◆recommend (that) sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人做某事 present v. 赠送；呈现；介绍 adj. 出席的；现在的 n. 礼物；现在 presence (n.) 存在；出席 presentation (n.) 展示；介绍；陈述 ◆present sb. with sth. = present sth. to sb. 向某人赠送某物 ◆be present at 出席…… ◆at present 目前；现在 inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人/事 inspire (v.) 鼓舞；激励；赋予灵感 inspiring (adj.) 鼓舞人心的；激励的 inspired (adj.) 受启发的；有灵感的 ◆be an inspiration to sb. 对某人来说是一种鼓舞 ◆draw inspiration from 从……中汲取灵感 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. (2023・新课标 Ⅰ 卷改编) It is hard to imagine ______ (live) in a place where there are no cars or phones. 答案：living 解析：考查固定搭配 imagine doing sth.（想象做某事），此处应填动名词形式。 2. (2022・浙江卷改编) People usually regard him ______ a reliable friend, so he is always welcome at parties. 答案：as 解析：考查固定搭配 regard sb. as...（把某人看作……），介词用 as。 3. (2021・全国乙卷改编) The teacher recommended ______ (finish) the project before the weekend. 答案：finishing 解析：考查固定搭配 recommend doing sth.（建议做某事），填动名词形式。 4. (2020・山东卷改编) His paintings were full of ______ (inspire), which made him popular among young artists. 答案：inspiration 解析：考查词性转换，介词 of 后接名词，inspire 的名词形式为 inspiration（灵感），为不可数名词。 5. (2024・江苏南通模拟改编) The ______ (present) of the new technology has greatly improved our work efficiency. 答案：presence 解析：考查词性转换，定冠词 the 后接名词，结合句意 “新技术的出现”，填 present 的名词形式 presence（存在；出现）。 6. (2022・四川成都模拟改编) She is a woman with a ______ (live) personality, so everyone likes to talk with her. 答案：lively 解析：考查词性转换，形容词修饰名词 personality，live 的形容词形式 lively 表示 “活泼的；生动的”，符合句意。 7. (2024・天津和平区模拟改编) I highly recommend that you ______ (attend) the lecture on environmental protection tomorrow. 答案：(should) attend 解析：考查虚拟语气，recommend 后接宾语从句时，从句谓语用 should + 动词原形，should 可省略。 8. (2023・湖南长沙模拟改编) As a famous writer, she has written many novels that are ______ (imagine) and attractive. 答案：imaginative 解析：考查词性转换，形容词作表语，imagine 的形容词形式 imaginative 表示 “富有想象力的”，符合语境。 9. (2022・安徽合肥模拟改编) In regard ______ your request, we have decided to provide you with all the necessary information. 答案：to 解析：考查固定搭配 in regard to（关于；至于），为介词短语，后接名词或代词。 10. (2021・福建厦门模拟改编) The little boy presented his mother ______ a handmade card on Mother’s Day. 答案：with 解析：考查固定搭配 present sb. with sth.（向某人赠送某物），介词用 with。 11. (2023・陕西西安模拟改编) Because of his lack ______ confidence, he failed to take part in the speech competition. 答案：of 解析：考查固定搭配 lack of（缺乏……），为名词短语，后接名词作宾语。 12. (2024・山东潍坊模拟改编) The ______ (inspire) story moved all the audience to tears at the charity meeting. 答案：inspired 解析：考查过去分词作定语。inspired 意为 “鼓舞人心的”，用来修饰事物 story，体现故事的属性特征。 13. (2023・河北石家庄模拟改编) The professor’s ______ (present) on environmental protection was highly praised by the students. 答案：presentation 解析：考查词性转换。定冠词 the 和名词所有格 professor’s 后需接名词，present 的名词形式 presentation 表示 “报告；演讲”，符合句意。 14. (2022・全国甲卷改编) At present, a new library ______ (build) in our city and it is expected to open to the public next year. 答案：is being built 解析：考查固定搭配与时态语态。at present 意为 “目前；现在”，是现在进行时的标志性时间状语；主语 a new library 与动词 build 之间为被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态 is being built。 15. (2024・江苏苏州模拟改编) We will take your ______(recommend) into careful consideration when making the final decision. 答案：recommendation 解析：考查词性转换，形容词性物主代词 your 后需接名词，recommend 的名词形式为 recommendation，此处表 “建议”，为可数名词，此处用单数形式符合语境。 Part 2：重点句型 【根据汉语提示完成句子】 1. I guess that’s why she attracts so many visitors every day. 我想那就是她每天吸引这么多游客的原因。 【核心句型】That's why + 结果状语从句 That's = That is（主语 + 系动词，"that" 指代前文提到的某个情况 / 原因） why：连接副词，引导结果状语从句，表 “这就是…… 的原因” 从句部分（she attracts so many visitors every day）：陈述前文原因导致的结果，用陈述句语序。 ◆拓展用法 ①同义替换：可改为 “That's the reason why + 从句”（why 引导定语从句，修饰 reason），如：That's the reason why she attracts so many visitors every day. ②句式变形：若强调原因，可用于 “The reason (why...) is that...” 结构（与 That's why 因果方向相反），如：The reason she attracts so many visitors every day is that ……. 【相关句型】 ①That's because + 原因状语从句，即 “结果 → 原因” 的逻辑推导。 eg. She failed the exam. That's because she didn't study hard for it. （她考试不及格，那是因为她没有为之努力学习。） ②The reason why... is that... 结构解析：why 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 the reason；that 引导表语从句，说明具体原因（注意：表语从句的引导词只能用 that，不能用 because）。 eg. The reason why he was late for class is that he missed the first bus. （他上课迟到的原因是错过了首班公交车。） ③The reason for (doing) sth is that... 结构解析：for 为介词，后接名词或动名词，表 “某事的原因”； that 引导表语从句说明原因。 eg. The reason for his absence is that he has caught a bad cold. （他缺席的原因是得了重感冒。） 2. They really do reach out to us across the centuries as if time itself were nothing. 他们真的跨越几个世纪在向我们招手，好像时间本身什么都不是。 【核心句型】as if 从句使用虚拟语气 本句中as if time itself were nothing 是方式状语从句，用虚拟语气表示 “仿佛时间本身不存在一样”。从句特点：从句中 were 为虚拟语气的标志，因为 “时间本身不存在” 是与事实不符的假设。 【用法总结】 ①使用条件 当 as if / as though 引导的从句所表达的内容与事实不符、是主观想象或夸大的情况时，从句需用虚拟语气。 ②时态规则（核心） 虚拟语气的时态需根据主句动作与从句动作发生的时间关系来确定，具体分为三类： 时间关系 从句谓语动词形式 例句 与现在 事实相反 用一般过去时； be 动词统一用 were She talks about the ancient city as if she were there before.（她没去过那里） 与过去 事实相反 用过去完成时 （had + 过去分词） He looked as if he had seen a ghost. （他没看到鬼） 与将来 事实相反 用would /could/might + 动词原形 He behaves as if he would never make a mistake. （他肯定会犯错） ③与陈述语气的对比 若 as if 从句内容是真实或极有可能发生的情况，则用陈述语气，无需虚拟。 虚拟语气（非真实）：He acts as if he owned the world.（他并不拥有世界） 陈述语气（真实）：It looks as if it is going to rain.（天很可能真的要下雨） ④难点提示 当主句为过去时态时，虚拟语气的时态仍遵循上述规则，不受主句时态影响。 例：She told me a story as if she had experienced it herself. （主句为过去时 told，从句与过去事实相反，用 had experienced） ★非正式语境中，主语为第三人称单数时，偶尔会用 was 代替 were， 但正式书面语中优先用 were。 3. Day after day, Han Gan painted the horses, his brush presenting (present) every detail that he saw with his own eyes. 韩干日复一日地画马，他的画笔把他亲眼所见的每一个细节都呈现出来。 【核心知识点】独立主格结构 his brush presenting every detail that he saw with his own eyes ◇构成要素拆解 ①逻辑主语：his brush（画笔，与主句主语 Han Gan 不一致，独立主格结构的核心特征） ②现在分词：presenting（与逻辑主语 his brush 为主动关系，表 “画笔呈现出……”） ③定语从句：that he saw with his own eyes（修饰先行词 detail，意为 “他亲眼所见的细节”） ◇句法功能：作伴随状语，补充说明主句动作 painted 发生时的伴随状态，即 “韩干作画的同时，画笔呈现出他观察到的所有细节”。 ★独立主格结构核心知识点总结 ①定义与核心特征 独立主格结构是一种非谓语动词作状语的特殊结构，由 “逻辑主语 + 非谓语动词 / 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语” 构成，在句中作状语（表伴随、时间、原因、条件等）。 核心特征 1：逻辑主语与主句主语不一致，结构具有独立性。 核心特征 2：需用逗号与主句隔开，不能单独构成完整句子。 核心特征 3：无需连词连接，可直接修饰主句。 ②高考高频构成形式 结构类型 具体形式 典型例句 用法说明 主动关系 名词 / 代词 + 现在分词 The girl came in, her dog following her closely. 逻辑主语与动作 是主动关系， 表动作正在进行 被动关系 名词 / 代词 + 过去分词 The work finished, we went home happily. 逻辑主语与动作 是被动关系， 表动作已完成 将来动作 名词 / 代词 + 不定式 The plan to be carried out, we need to make full preparations. 表动作尚未发生， 含将来含义 表状态 名词 / 代词 + 形容词/副词/介词短语 The meeting over, they all left the hall. He stood still, his hands in his pockets. 用形容词、副词 或介词短语描述 逻辑主语的状态 ③与分词作状语的区别（易错点对比） 结构类型 逻辑主语 例句对比 分词作状语 与主句主语一致 Seeing the teacher, the students stood up. （seeing 的逻辑主语是主句主语 the students） 独立主格结构 与主句主语不一致 The teacher coming, the students stood up. （coming 的逻辑主语是 the teacher，与主句主语不一致） ④句式转换技巧 独立主格结构可转换为 对应的状语从句，原句可改写为： Day after day, Han Gan painted the horses while his brush presented every detail that he saw with his own eyes. ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. （2023·全国甲卷改编）The reason _____ he missed the train is that he got up too late this morning. 答案：why 解析：考查句型：The reason why...is that...（…… 的原因是……），此处 why 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 the reason，在从句中作原因状语（从句主干完整：he missed the train，缺原因状语）。 2. （2024·江苏苏州模拟）She talks about the ancient palace as if she ______ (live) there for years. In fact, she has never been there. 答案：had lived 解析：考查as if从句的虚拟语气动词形式。由“从未去过那里”可知从句内容与过去事实相反，虚拟语气需用过去完成时（had + 过去分词），live的过去分词为lived，故填had lived。 3. （2022·浙江卷改编）The reason ______ cancling the sports meeting is that the weather is extremely bad. 答案：for 解析：考查 The reason for (doing) sth 句型，for 为介词，后接动名词，故填 for。 4. （2024·山东济南模拟）The problem ______ (solve), the team members finally got some rest after days of hard work. 答案：solved 解析：考查独立主格中的动词用法。逻辑主语The problem与solve为被动关系，独立主格结构中用过去分词表被动且动作已完成，故填solved。 5. （2021·全国乙卷改编）He looked as if he ______ (see) a terrifying monster. His face turned pale. 答案：had seen 解析：考查as if从句的虚拟语气动词形式。“看到恐怖怪物”是与过去事实相反的假设，主句谓语looked为过去时，从句虚拟语气用过去完成时，see的过去分词为seen，故填had seen。 6. （2024·湖北武汉模拟）That's the reason why we ______ (take) effective measures to protect cultural heritage so far. 答案：have taken 解析：考查That's the reason why + 定语从句句型。结合标志词so far可知，从句动作从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时，主语we为复数，take的过去分词为taken，故填have taken。 7. （2024·四川成都模拟）The sun ______ (rise), the farmers began to work in the field at dawn. 答案：rising 解析：考查独立主格中的动词用法。逻辑主语The sun与rise为主动关系，独立主格结构中用现在分词表主动且动作正在进行，作时间状语，故填rising。 8. （2023·新课标Ⅱ卷改编）The reason why the old building is preserved well is _____ it has been repaired regularly. 答案：that 解析：考查 The reason why...is that... 句型，is 后接 that 引导的表语从句，说明原因，故填 that。 9. （2024·天津和平区模拟）She behaves as if she ______ (be) the queen of the country. Everyone thinks her behavior is strange. 答案：were 解析：考查as if从句的虚拟语气动词形式。从句内容与现在事实相反，虚拟语气中be动词统一用were，不受主语单复数影响，故填were。 10. （2024·广东广州模拟）His homework ______ (finish), he went to the cinema with his friends happily. 答案：finished 解析：考查独立主格中的动词用法。逻辑主语His homework与finish为被动关系，用过去分词表被动且动作完成，作原因状语，故填finished。 11. （2024·安徽合肥模拟）She didn't attend the party. That's ______ she had to take care of her sick grandmother at home. 答案：because 解析：考查that's because句型，此处需用because引导原因状语从句，表结果对应的原因，故填because。 12. （2024·湖南长沙模拟）The wind ______ (blow) strongly, we had to postpone our outdoor activity. 答案：blowing 解析：考查独立主格中的动词用法。逻辑主语The wind与blow为主动关系，用现在分词表主动且动作正在进行，作原因状语，故填blowing。 13. （2021·浙江卷改编）He talks as if he ______ (travel) around the world. Actually, he has never left his hometown. 答案：had traveled 解析：考查as if从句的虚拟语气动词形式。“环游世界”是与过去事实相反的假设，虚拟语气用过去完成时，travel的过去分词为traveled，故填had traveled。 14. （2024·河南郑州模拟）The reason for him ______ (refuse) the invitation is that he has a family dinner to attend. 答案：refusing 解析：考查The reason for (doing) sth is that...句型。for为介词，后接动名词，此处逻辑主语him可置于动名词前作定语，refuse的动名词形式为refusing，故填refusing。 15. （2023·湖北卷改编）She stared at the painting as if she ______ (understand) every hidden meaning in it. But she knew nothing about art. 答案：understood 解析：考查as if从句的虚拟语气动词形式。从句内容与现在事实相反，虚拟语气用一般过去时，understand的过去式为understood，故填understood。 Part 3：重点语法：现在进行时的被动语态 现在进行时被动语态核心考点 1. 结构构成（重点） ①肯定式：am/is/are being + 过去分词 eg. The new library is being built. ②否定式：am/is/are not being + 过去分词 缩写：isn't/aren't being + 过去分词（am not being 无缩写） eg. The new library isn't being built. ③疑问式：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + being + 过去分词？ 回答对应肯否定形式，提示：am/is/are随主语人称和单复数变化 eg. Is the new library being built? 2. 核心用法（重点） ①表示此时此刻正在被进行的动作（标志词：now, at the moment, at present, look, listen等） eg. The meeting is being held now. Please keep quiet. ②表示现阶段正在被进行的动作（动作可能此刻未正在进行，但在当前阶段持续进行）（标志词：these days, recently, nowadays等） eg. A lot of old buildings are being renovated these days in our city. ③用于被动语态的特殊句式（如介词in/under等+名词表被动含义的替换） eg. The problem is being discussed. = The problem is under discussion. 3. 与现在完成时被动的区分（难点） ①现在进行时被动： 强调动作“此刻/现阶段正在被进行”，侧重动作的进行状态 标志词：now, at the moment, these days, recently等 eg. The bridge is being built now. We need to take a detour. ②现在完成时被动： 强调动作“已完成，对现在有影响”或“从过去持续到现在”，侧重动作的结果或持续状态 标志词：already, yet, just, for+时间段, since+过去时间/从句等 eg. The bridge has been built. It's convenient for us to travel now. ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1. （2024·湖南长沙模拟）The problem ______ (not discuss) at the meeting now. Let's wait for the next topic. 答案：isn't being discussed 解析：考查现在进行时被动语态的否定式。标志词now提示动作正在进行，主语The problem与discuss为被动关系，单数主语的否定式为isn't being discussed。 2. （2024·广东广州模拟）More and more plastic products ______ (replace) with environmentally friendly materials so far. 答案：have been replaced 解析：考查现在完成时的被动语态。标志词so far表示“到目前为止”，主语More and more plastic products与replace为被动关系，用have been + 过去分词replaced。 3. （2024·天津和平区模拟）______ the new school library ______ (decorate) now? I need to borrow some books. 答案：Is; being decorated 解析：考查现在进行时被动语态的疑问式。标志词now提示动作正在进行，主语the new school library为单数，疑问式需将Is提前，后接being decorated。 4. （2024·河南郑州模拟）Look! The workers ______ (restore) the old temple. It will look as beautiful as before. 答案：are restoring 解析：考查现在进行时的肯定式。标志词Look提示动作正在进行，主语The workers为复数，谓语动词用are + 现在分词形式restoring。 5. （2024·安徽合肥模拟）The bridge ______ (build) for three years, but it ______ (not complete) yet. It ______ (construct) now. 答案：has been built; hasn't been completed; is being constructed 解析：考查现在进行时被动与现在完成时被动的区分。第一空for three years为现在完成时标志，表动作持续到现在，用has been built；第二空yet为现在完成时否定标志，用hasn't been completed；第三空now为现在进行时标志，用is being constructed。 6. （2024·四川成都模拟）At present, the old factory ______ (not rebuild) because of the bad weather. 答案：isn't being rebuilt 解析：考查现在进行时被动语态的否定式。标志词At present表示“目前”，主语the old factory与rebuild为被动关系，单数主语的否定用isn't being rebuilt。 7. （2024·湖北武汉模拟）The workers ______ (plant) many trees in the park since last year. The park has become much greener. 答案：have planted 解析：考查现在完成时的肯定式。标志词since last year提示动作从过去持续到现在，主语The workers为复数，谓语动词用have + 过去分词planted。 8. （2024·浙江杭州模拟）______ the cultural show ______ (organize) by the students these days? It's said to be wonderful. 答案：Is; being organized 解析：考查现在进行时被动语态的疑问式。标志词these days提示现阶段动作，主语the cultural show为单数，疑问式以Is开头，后接being organized。 9. （2024·江苏苏州模拟）These old photos ______ (sort out) already. My grandma can use them now. 答案：have been sorted out 解析：考查现在完成时的被动语态。标志词already提示动作已完成，主语These old photos与sort out为被动关系，复数主语用have been + 过去分词sorted out。 10. （2024·福建厦门模拟）A new hospital ______ (set up) recently. It ______ (equip) with advanced medical tools now. 答案：has been set up; is being equipped 解析：考查现在进行时被动与现在完成时被动的区分。第一空recently此处表“动作已完成”，用现在完成时被动has been set up；第二空now提示动作正在进行，用现在进行时被动is being equipped。 11. （2024·湖北武汉模拟）Listen! The English song ______ (sing) by the students in the next classroom. Their voices are sweet. 答案：is being sung 解析：考查现在进行时被动语态的肯定式。标志词Listen提示动作正在进行，主语The English song与sing为被动关系，单数主语对应is being sung。 12. （2024·山东济南模拟）At the moment, the engineers ______ (build) a new subway line in our city to improve public transport. 答案：are building 解析：考查现在进行时的肯定式。标志词At the moment表示“此刻”，主语the engineers为复数，用are + 现在分词building表正在进行的动作。 13. （2024·辽宁沈阳模拟）______ these old photos ______ (sort out) at the moment? My grandma needs them. 答案：Are; being sorted out 解析：考查现在进行时被动语态的疑问式。标志词at the moment提示此刻动作，主语these old photos为复数，疑问式以Are开头，后接being sorted out。 14. （2024·河北石家庄模拟）The meeting room ______ (clean) already. But the chairs ______ (arrange) now for the afternoon meeting. 答案：has been cleaned; are being arranged 解析：考查现在进行时被动与现在完成时被动的区分。第一空already为现在完成时标志，表动作已完成，用has been cleaned；第二空now提示动作正在进行，主语the chairs为复数，用are being arranged。 15. （2024·重庆渝中模拟）Many trees ______ (plant) in the park since last year. And more trees ______ (sow) these days to make the park greener. 答案：have been planted; are being sown 解析：考查现在进行时被动与现在完成时被动的区分。第一空since last year为现在完成时标志，表动作持续到现在，用have been planted；第二空these days提示现阶段动作正在进行，用are being sown。 13 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $