寒假作业04 过去完成时，现在完成进行时，将来进行时+高考必考题型（巩固培优）高二英语译林版

选择必修二语法（过去完成时、现在完成进行时、将来进行时） 作业04 核心知识巩固+拓展突破 一、时态核心概念与基本用法 1. 过去完成时 (Past Perfect Tense) 构成：had + 过去分词 核心含义：表示“过去的过去”，即在过去某个时间点或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。 · 场景1：描述在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作 · By the time we arrived, the movie had already started. · She had finished her homework before her friends came over. · 场景2：与一般过去时连用，体现动作先后顺序 · He had studied English for 6 years before he went abroad. · They found that someone had broken into their house. · 场景3：用于虚拟语气（与过去事实相反） · If I had known the truth, I would have acted differently. · I wish I had listened to your advice. 常见时间状语： · by the end of last year/month/week · by the time + 一般过去时从句 · before + 过去时间点 · when/before/after引导的从句（主句用过去完成时） · already, yet, ever, never（与过去完成时连用） 2. 现在完成进行时 (Present Perfect Continuous Tense) 构成：have/has been + 现在分词 核心含义：表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，强调动作的持续性、反复性或未完成性。 · 场景1：强调动作持续进行（常与for, since连用） · I have been waiting for you for two hours. · It has been raining since Monday. · 场景2：强调动作反复发生 · She has been calling me several times today. · They have been arguing about this issue for days. · 场景3：强调动作的未完成性及可能继续 · I have been reading this book, but I haven't finished it yet. · We have been working on this project for months. 注意事项： · 不用于短暂性动词（如die, arrive, finish） · 常带有感情色彩（如不耐烦、惊讶） · 与现在完成时的区别：完成进行时强调过程，完成时强调结果 3. 将来进行时 (Future Continuous Tense) 构成：will be + 现在分词 核心含义：表示将来某个时间点或时间段正在进行的动作。 · 场景1：预测将来某个时间点正在发生的事 · This time tomorrow, I will be flying to Paris. · At 8 PM tonight, we will be having dinner. · 场景2：表示计划或安排好的将来动作（比一般将来时更确定） · The president will be meeting with foreign delegates next week. · We will be moving to our new house in June. · 场景3：礼貌询问他人计划（比will更委婉） · Will you be using the computer this afternoon? · Will she be attending the meeting tomorrow? 常见时间状语： this time tomorrow/next week at 8 o'clock tomorrow from 9 to 11 next Monday when引导的时间状语从句（主句用将来进行时） 二、高考高频考点深度解析 考点1：过去完成时的“过去的过去”判断 2023年浙江卷真题 When I got to the station, I found that the train ______. I had to wait for the next one. A. left B. had left C. was leaving D. would leave 2022年全国乙卷考点 By the end of last month, the factory ______ 10,000 cars. A. produced B. had produced C. has produced D. produces 考点2：现在完成进行时的持续性强调 2023年新高考I卷真题 — You look tired. What have you been doing? — I ______ for my final exams all week. A. studied B. have studied C. was studying D. have been studying 2021年北京卷考点 It seems that you have a cold. How long ______ like this? A. did you cough B. have you been coughing C. are you coughing D. do you cough 考点3：将来进行时的将来时间点动作 2022年天津卷真题 Don't call me at 3 p.m. tomorrow. I ______ an important meeting then. A. will have B. am having C. will be having D. have 2020年全国III卷考点 This time next week, we ______ on the beach, enjoying the sunshine. A. will lie B. will be lying C. are lying D. lie 考点4：三大时态综合辨析 2023年江苏卷综合题 I ______ to visit my grandparents last Sunday, but when I arrived, they ______ out. They ______ in the garden for the whole afternoon, I later learned. A. went; had gone; were working B. had gone; went; worked C. went; went; had worked D. went; had gone; had been working 三、易错难点突破 难点1：过去完成时与一般过去时的混淆 易错原因：忽略动作先后顺序 对比分析： · 当我到那里时，会议开始了。 误：When I got there, the meeting started.（可能被理解为"同时发生"） 正：When I got there, the meeting had started.（会议在到达前已开始） 记忆技巧：看到"by the time + 过去时从句"、"before + 过去时间"，主句通常用过去完成时。 难点2：现在完成进行时与现在完成时的选择 辨析要点： · 现在完成时：强调结果、完成 · I have read this book.（已读完） · 现在完成进行时：强调过程、持续 · I have been reading this book.（一直在读，可能没读完） 实用测试：如果可以加"一直在"，用现在完成进行时；如果强调"已经完成"，用现在完成时。 难点3：将来进行时与一般将来时的语气差异 语气区别： · 一般将来时：单纯预测或意愿 · I will work tomorrow.（我会工作） · 将来进行时：更确定、已安排 · I will be working tomorrow.（明天我会在工作，已安排好） 礼貌程度： · Will you come to the party?（直接询问） · Will you be coming to the party?（更委婉礼貌） 四、备考策略 1. 解题三步法 第一步：确定时间参照点 · 过去完成时：找过去的参照点（when/before从句、by短语） · 现在完成进行时：找从过去到现在的时间段（for/since） · 将来进行时：找将来具体时间点（at.../this time...） 第二步：判断动作性质 · 是否强调"已完成"→过去完成时 · 是否强调"持续进行"→完成进行时 · 是否强调"将来正在进行"→将来进行时 第三步：检查一致性 · 主从句时态一致 · 时间状语与时态匹配 · 上下文逻辑连贯 2. 易错点总结 过去完成时易错： · 无过去参照点而误用 · 与一般过去时混淆 · 忘记"had + 过去分词"结构 现在完成进行时易错： · 与现在完成时混淆 · 误用于短暂性动词 · 忽略for/since等时间状语 将来进行时易错： · 与一般将来时混淆 · 忽略具体时间点 · 误用于非进行性动词 单句语法填空 1. By the time the ambulance arrived, the injured man ______ (lose) a lot of blood. 2. I ______ (wait) for the bus for 20 minutes, but it still hasn't come. 3. This time tomorrow, we ______ (sit) on the plane to London. 4. She told me she ______ (never/see) such a beautiful sunset before. 5. How long ______ you ______ (learn) English? — Since I was ten. 6. At 9 o'clock tonight, I ______ (watch) my favorite TV show. 7. When I opened the door, I saw that someone ______ (break) into my house. 8. He ______ (work) on this project all morning, so he's tired now. 9. By last summer, they ______ (visit) over 20 countries together. 10. Don't call me at 2 p.m. — I ______ (have) a job interview then. 11. 【2022年新课标I卷改编】I was disappointed to find that all the tickets ______ (sell) out when I got to the cinema。 12. 【2023年北京卷改编】Look at the mud on your shoes! You ______ (walk) in the garden again, haven't you? 13. 【2021年全国乙卷改编】At this time next Friday, we ______ (celebrate) our graduation with all our classmates. 14. She realized she ______ (make) a terrible mistake only after she had sent the email. 15. The children are exhausted because they ______ (play) outside in the snow for three hours. 16. Please don't disturb me from 2 to 4 this afternoon — I ______ (take) an important online exam。 17. By the time he turned 30, John ______ (already/establish) his own company. 18. 【2020年天津卷改编】My phone has been ringing non-stop. Who ______ (try) to reach me all morning? 19. If I ______ (know) you were coming, I would have prepared a special meal. 20. 【2023年浙江卷改编】From 9 a.m. to 11 a.m. tomorrow, all the employees ______ (attend) the annual conference in the main hall. 一、根据中文意思补全句子。 1. 我到电影院时，电影已经开始了。（by the time） By the time I got to the cinema, ______. 2. 从早上起一直在下雨，所以我们不能去野餐。（since） It ______, so we can't go for a picnic. 3. 明天这个时候，我将正在飞往纽约的航班上。（this time） This time tomorrow, ______. 4. 她说她之前从未见过如此高的建筑。（never） She said she ______ such a tall building before. 5. 你学习英语多久了？—— 从小学开始。（how long） How long ______? — Since primary school. 6. 晚上八点请不要打电话，我正在参加一个在线会议。（at 8） Please don't call me at 8 p.m. — ______ an online meeting. 7. 他发现他的钱包被偷了，于是立刻报警。（find） He found that his wallet ______, so he called the police immediately. 8. 整个下午我一直在打扫房间，现在很累。（all afternoon） I ______, so I'm tired now. 二、根据中文意思翻译句子 1. 到我昨天完成工作时，我已经连续工作了10个小时。 __________________________________________________________________________ 2.从今年年初开始，她一直在准备高考。 __________________________________________________________________________ 3.明天下午三点，我将正在参加一个重要的商务会议。 __________________________________________________________________________ 4. 当我到达火车站时，我发现火车已经离开了，所以我不得不改乘汽车。 __________________________________________________________________________ 答案第10页，共10页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 选择必修二语法（过去完成时、现在完成进行时、将来进行时） 作业04 核心知识巩固+拓展突破 一、时态核心概念与基本用法 1. 过去完成时 (Past Perfect Tense) 构成：had + 过去分词 核心含义：表示“过去的过去”，即在过去某个时间点或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。 · 场景1：描述在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作 · By the time we arrived, the movie had already started. · She had finished her homework before her friends came over. · 场景2：与一般过去时连用，体现动作先后顺序 · He had studied English for 6 years before he went abroad. · They found that someone had broken into their house. · 场景3：用于虚拟语气（与过去事实相反） · If I had known the truth, I would have acted differently. · I wish I had listened to your advice. 常见时间状语： · by the end of last year/month/week · by the time + 一般过去时从句 · before + 过去时间点 · when/before/after引导的从句（主句用过去完成时） · already, yet, ever, never（与过去完成时连用） 2. 现在完成进行时 (Present Perfect Continuous Tense) 构成：have/has been + 现在分词 核心含义：表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，强调动作的持续性、反复性或未完成性。 · 场景1：强调动作持续进行（常与for, since连用） · I have been waiting for you for two hours. · It has been raining since Monday. · 场景2：强调动作反复发生 · She has been calling me several times today. · They have been arguing about this issue for days. · 场景3：强调动作的未完成性及可能继续 · I have been reading this book, but I haven't finished it yet. · We have been working on this project for months. 注意事项： · 不用于短暂性动词（如die, arrive, finish） · 常带有感情色彩（如不耐烦、惊讶） · 与现在完成时的区别：完成进行时强调过程，完成时强调结果 3. 将来进行时 (Future Continuous Tense) 构成：will be + 现在分词 核心含义：表示将来某个时间点或时间段正在进行的动作。 · 场景1：预测将来某个时间点正在发生的事 · This time tomorrow, I will be flying to Paris. · At 8 PM tonight, we will be having dinner. · 场景2：表示计划或安排好的将来动作（比一般将来时更确定） · The president will be meeting with foreign delegates next week. · We will be moving to our new house in June. · 场景3：礼貌询问他人计划（比will更委婉） · Will you be using the computer this afternoon? · Will she be attending the meeting tomorrow? 常见时间状语： this time tomorrow/next week at 8 o'clock tomorrow from 9 to 11 next Monday when引导的时间状语从句（主句用将来进行时） 二、高考高频考点深度解析 考点1：过去完成时的“过去的过去”判断 2023年浙江卷真题 When I got to the station, I found that the train ______. I had to wait for the next one. A. left B. had left C. was leaving D. would leave 解析：选B。"到达车站"（got to）是过去动作，"火车离开"发生在到达之前，即"过去的过去"，用过去完成时had left。 解题技巧： 1. 寻找过去时间参照点（如got to the station） 2. 判断动作发生的时间顺序 3. 发生在参照点之前的动作用过去完成时 2022年全国乙卷考点 By the end of last month, the factory ______ 10,000 cars. A. produced B. had produced C. has produced D. produces 解析：选B。"by the end of last month"表示"到上月底为止"，是明确的过去时间截止点，动作在此前完成，用过去完成时。 考点2：现在完成进行时的持续性强调 2023年新高考I卷真题 — You look tired. What have you been doing? — I ______ for my final exams all week. A. studied B. have studied C. was studying D. have been studying 解析：选D。问句用现在完成进行时询问"一直在做什么"，答句强调"整个星期一直在学习"的持续过程，用have been studying。 关键点： · all week强调时间段 · 回答与问句时态呼应 · 强调动作持续到说话时可能还在继续 2021年北京卷考点 It seems that you have a cold. How long ______ like this? A. did you cough B. have you been coughing C. are you coughing D. do you cough 解析：选B。询问"咳嗽"这个动作从过去持续到现在的情况，强调持续性，用现在完成进行时。 考点3：将来进行时的将来时间点动作 2022年天津卷真题 Don't call me at 3 p.m. tomorrow. I ______ an important meeting then. A. will have B. am having C. will be having D. have 解析：选C。"明天下午3点"是将来具体时间点，强调那时正在进行的动作，用将来进行时will be having。 解题要点： 1. 识别将来具体时间点（at 3 p.m. tomorrow） 2. 强调"正在做某事"的进行状态 3. 比一般将来时更精确描述将来情景 2020年全国III卷考点 This time next week, we ______ on the beach, enjoying the sunshine. A. will lie B. will be lying C. are lying D. lie 解析：选B。"下周此时"是将来时间点，描述那时正在进行的动作（躺在海滩上），用将来进行时。 考点4：三大时态综合辨析 2023年江苏卷综合题 I ______ to visit my grandparents last Sunday, but when I arrived, they ______ out. They ______ in the garden for the whole afternoon, I later learned. A. went; had gone; were working B. had gone; went; worked C. went; went; had worked D. went; had gone; had been working 解析：选D。第一空：上周日发生的动作，用一般过去时went；第二空：到达时他们已经出去了，"出去"发生在"到达"之前，用过去完成时had gone；第三空：强调整个下午一直在花园工作，用过去完成进行时had been working。 三、易错难点突破 难点1：过去完成时与一般过去时的混淆 易错原因：忽略动作先后顺序 对比分析： · 当我到那里时，会议开始了。 误：When I got there, the meeting started.（可能被理解为"同时发生"） 正：When I got there, the meeting had started.（会议在到达前已开始） 记忆技巧：看到"by the time + 过去时从句"、"before + 过去时间"，主句通常用过去完成时。 难点2：现在完成进行时与现在完成时的选择 辨析要点： · 现在完成时：强调结果、完成 · I have read this book.（已读完） · 现在完成进行时：强调过程、持续 · I have been reading this book.（一直在读，可能没读完） 实用测试：如果可以加"一直在"，用现在完成进行时；如果强调"已经完成"，用现在完成时。 难点3：将来进行时与一般将来时的语气差异 语气区别： · 一般将来时：单纯预测或意愿 · I will work tomorrow.（我会工作） · 将来进行时：更确定、已安排 · I will be working tomorrow.（明天我会在工作，已安排好） 礼貌程度： · Will you come to the party?（直接询问） · Will you be coming to the party?（更委婉礼貌） 四、备考策略 1. 解题三步法 第一步：确定时间参照点 · 过去完成时：找过去的参照点（when/before从句、by短语） · 现在完成进行时：找从过去到现在的时间段（for/since） · 将来进行时：找将来具体时间点（at.../this time...） 第二步：判断动作性质 · 是否强调"已完成"→过去完成时 · 是否强调"持续进行"→完成进行时 · 是否强调"将来正在进行"→将来进行时 第三步：检查一致性 · 主从句时态一致 · 时间状语与时态匹配 · 上下文逻辑连贯 2. 易错点总结 过去完成时易错： · 无过去参照点而误用 · 与一般过去时混淆 · 忘记"had + 过去分词"结构 现在完成进行时易错： · 与现在完成时混淆 · 误用于短暂性动词 · 忽略for/since等时间状语 将来进行时易错： · 与一般将来时混淆 · 忽略具体时间点 · 误用于非进行性动词 单句语法填空 1. By the time the ambulance arrived, the injured man ______ (lose) a lot of blood. had lost 解析："救护车到达"是过去时间点，"失血"发生在此之前，用过去完成时。 2. I ______ (wait) for the bus for 20 minutes, but it still hasn't come. have been waiting 解析：for 20 minutes表示时间段，强调从20分钟前一直等到现在，用现在完成进行时。 3. This time tomorrow, we ______ (sit) on the plane to London. will be sitting 解析："明天此时"是将来具体时间点，强调那时正在进行的动作，用将来进行时。 4. She told me she ______ (never/see) such a beautiful sunset before. had never seen 解析：主句动词told是过去时，"从未见过"发生在"告诉"之前，用过去完成时。 5. How long ______ you ______ (learn) English? — Since I was ten. have...been learning 解析：since表示从过去某时持续到现在，强调学习过程，用现在完成进行时。 6. At 9 o'clock tonight, I ______ (watch) my favorite TV show. will be watching 解析：at 9 o'clock tonight是将来具体时间点，用将来进行时表示那时正在进行的动作。 7. When I opened the door, I saw that someone ______ (break) into my house. had broken 解析："打开门"是过去动作，"闯入"发生在开门之前，用过去完成时。 8. He ______ (work) on this project all morning, so he's tired now. has been working 解析：all morning表示整个上午，强调动作持续到现在，用现在完成进行时。 9. By last summer, they ______ (visit) over 20 countries together. had visited 解析：by last summer是过去时间截止点，动作在此前完成，用过去完成时。 10. Don't call me at 2 p.m. — I ______ (have) a job interview then. will be having 解析：at 2 p.m.是将来具体时间点，用将来进行时表示那时正在进行的动作。 11. 【2022年新课标I卷改编】I was disappointed to find that all the tickets ______ (sell) out when I got to the cinema。 had been sold 解析：主句was disappointed是过去时，票"售完"发生在"发现"之前，用过去完成时被动语态。高考考点：过去完成时在时间先后顺序中的应用。 12. 【2023年北京卷改编】Look at the mud on your shoes! You ______ (walk) in the garden again, haven't you? have been walking 解析："Look at the mud"表明结果可见，结合"again"暗示反复性动作，用现在完成进行时强调动作持续到说话时并产生现在的结果（鞋子上的泥）。 13. 【2021年全国乙卷改编】At this time next Friday, we ______ (celebrate) our graduation with all our classmates. will be celebrating 解析："At this time next Friday"是将来具体时间点，用将来进行时表示那时正在进行的动作。高考考点：将来进行时在具体时间点动作描述中的应用。 14. She realized she ______ (make) a terrible mistake only after she had sent the email. had made 解析："意识到"（realized）是过去动作，"犯错误"发生在意识到之前，用过去完成时。考点：典型"过去的过去"结构。 15. The children are exhausted because they ______ (play) outside in the snow for three hours. have been playing 解析：主句用现在时are exhausted，原因状语从句强调"一直在玩"的持续过程，用现在完成进行时，与for three hours时间状语匹配。 16. Please don't disturb me from 2 to 4 this afternoon — I ______ (take) an important online exam。 will be taking 解析："from 2 to 4 this afternoon"是将来具体时间段，强调那时正在进行的动作，用将来进行时。注意与一般将来时的区别：此处强调"正在参加考试"的状态。 17. By the time he turned 30, John ______ (already/establish) his own company. had already established 解析：By the time he turned 30是过去时间截止点，动作在此前已完成，用过去完成时。already常与完成时连用，强调"已经"。 18. 【2020年天津卷改编】My phone has been ringing non-stop. Who ______ (try) to reach me all morning? has been trying 解析：改编自2020年天津卷。前半句用现在完成时has been ringing，后半句询问"谁一直试图联系我"，强调从早晨持续到现在的反复尝试，用现在完成进行时。 19. If I ______ (know) you were coming, I would have prepared a special meal. had known 解析：虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反（实际上不知道）。if从句用过去完成时，主句用would have done结构。考点：过去完成时在虚拟语气中的应用。 20. 【2023年浙江卷改编】From 9 a.m. to 11 a.m. tomorrow, all the employees ______ (attend) the annual conference in the main hall. will be attending 解析：改编自2023年浙江卷。"From 9 a.m. to 11 a.m. tomorrow"是将来具体时间段，用将来进行时表示那时正在进行的动作。高考考点：将来进行时在日程安排描述中的应用。 一、根据中文意思补全句子。 1. 我到电影院时，电影已经开始了。（by the time） By the time I got to the cinema, ______. the movie had already started 解析："by the time + 过去时从句"结构，主句用过去完成时表示在从句动作之前已完成的动作。 2. 从早上起一直在下雨，所以我们不能去野餐。（since） It ______, so we can't go for a picnic. has been raining since morning 解析：since表示从早上开始一直持续到现在，强调下雨的持续性，用现在完成进行时。 3. 明天这个时候，我将正在飞往纽约的航班上。（this time） This time tomorrow, ______. I will be flying to New York 解析："this time tomorrow"是将来具体时间点，用将来进行时表示那时正在进行的动作。 4. 她说她之前从未见过如此高的建筑。（never） She said she ______ such a tall building before. had never seen 解析：主句said是过去时，"从未见过"发生在"说"之前，用过去完成时。注意"never"常与完成时连用。 5. 你学习英语多久了？—— 从小学开始。（how long） How long ______? — Since primary school. have you been learning English 解析：回答"since primary school"表示从过去持续到现在，强调学习过程，用现在完成进行时。 6. 晚上八点请不要打电话，我正在参加一个在线会议。（at 8） Please don't call me at 8 p.m. — ______ an online meeting. I will be having 解析：at 8 p.m.是将来具体时间点，用将来进行时表示那时正在进行的动作。 7. 他发现他的钱包被偷了，于是立刻报警。（find） He found that his wallet ______, so he called the police immediately. had been stolen 解析：found是过去时，钱包被偷发生在发现之前，用过去完成时被动语态。 8. 整个下午我一直在打扫房间，现在很累。（all afternoon） I ______, so I'm tired now. have been cleaning the room all afternoon 解析：all afternoon表示整个下午，强调动作持续到现在，用现在完成进行时。 二、根据中文意思翻译句子 1. 到我昨天完成工作时，我已经连续工作了10个小时。 By the time I finished work yesterday, I had been working for 10 hours straight. 解析："完成工作"是过去时间点，在此之前"一直工作"持续了10小时，用过去完成进行时强调持续性。straight表示"连续地"。 2. 从今年年初开始，她一直在准备高考。 Since the beginning of this year, she has been preparing for the college entrance examination. 解析：since表示从今年初持续到现在，强调准备的持续过程，用现在完成进行时。 3. 明天下午三点，我将正在参加一个重要的商务会议。 At 3 p.m. tomorrow, I will be attending an important business meeting. 解析："明天下午3点"是将来具体时间点，用将来进行时表示那时正在进行的动作。 4. 当我到达火车站时，我发现火车已经离开了，所以我不得不改乘汽车。 When I arrived at the railway station, I found that the train had left, so I had to take a bus instead. 解析："到达"是过去动作，"火车离开"发生在到达之前，用过去完成时；"不得不"用had to表示过去的情况。 答案第10页，共14页 1 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $