专题15 定语从句 （复习讲义）（福建专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦“定语从句”专题，覆盖中考核心考点，包括定语从句的定义、结构及关系代词（that/who/whom/whose/which/as）、关系副词（when/where/why）的用法，通过思维导图构建知识网络，设计“考点梳理-方法指导-真题训练”教学流程，靶向突破引导词辨析等难点，体现复习的系统性和针对性。 亮点在于“易错警示”专项对比（如that与which的使用场景）和“介词+关系代词”用法指导，结合2024-2025各地中考真题训练，培养学生语言运用能力和逻辑思维品质。分层练习设计满足不同学生需求，帮助教师精准把控复习节奏，有效提升学生应考能力。

专题15 定语从句 目录 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 思维导图·网络构建 2 考点通关·靶向突破 2 考点一 定语从句的定义和结构 2 考点二 定语从句的引导词（关系代词） 3 考点二 定语从句的引导词（关系副词） 6 优题精选·练能提分 9 考点 课标要求 复习目标 定语从句 1.能够准确理解和运用定语从句的基本用法。 2. 能够在句子中正确使用定语从句，并能区分不同类型的定语从句。 复习中考对于定语从句的讲解和练习，主要包括关系代词和关系副词。这些内容在中考中经常以选择题、填空题的形式出现 易混点辨析 不同定语从句辨析 命题预测 主要有以下命题角度：定语从句（关系代词和关系副词） 主要在单项选择、完形填空、看图写话和语法填空中考查。 考点一 定语从句的定义和结构 1. 定语从句：在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。 2. 先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。 3. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词分有关系代词和关系副词。 （1）作用：①引导连接定语从句 ②指代先行词 ③在定语从句中充当某种成分。 （2）用法：①关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等，指代人或事物。②关系副词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因。 从句 This is the soldier [who saved the boy’s life]. (who引导从句、指代soldier、在从句中作主语) 先行词 关系词 考点二 定语从句的引导词（关系代词） 先行词 关系词 在从句作成分 例 句 省略问题 人 that 主语，宾语 She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that who 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working. whose 定语 The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate. 物 that 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. which 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. whose 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. 人或物 as 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. As we all know，she is a kind-hearted girl. as做宾语一般不省略 【易错警示】 1.只能用that，不用which的情况： （1）先行词为不定代词 all, none, few, little, much, something, anything, nothing, everything等。 （2）先行词被all, each, few, little, much, some, any, no, every等修饰时。 （3）先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, the next修饰时。 （4）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级。 （5）先行词同时指人和指物时。 （6）在以which, who开头的的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复。 2.只能用which，不用that的情况 （1）介词后面不能用that，指人只能用whom，指物只能用which。 （2）在非限制性定语从句中，即逗号后面不能用that，指人，作主语用who，宾语用whom；指物只能用which。 （3）指代前面整个句子，不能用that，只能用which，翻译成中文为“这”。 3.只能用who，不用that的情况 （1） 先行词是指人的不定代词如those, one, ones, anyone, all等时。 （2） 在there be结构中，先行词指人时。 （3） 先行词是人称代词I, you, he, she, they时。 1．（2024·福建厦门·二模）—Nowadays young people use “digital pickled vegetables (电子榨菜)” to describe the videos ________ they watch while eating. —Yes. And these videos are often about daily life. They’re easy to watch and enjoy. A．who B．what C．that 2．（2024·福建宁德·一模）The National Anti-Fraud (反诈) Center is an app ________ helps prevent us being cheated. A．what B．that C．who 3．（2024·福建福州·一模）—Why are the students in that college so excited? —Their teacher is one of the astronauts ________ have just returned from outer space. A．which B．that C．whose 4．（24-25九年级下·福建厦门·期中）He has had a car for 3 years ________ is under the tree over there. A．when B．who C．which 5．（2025·福建厦门·模拟预测）—The village ________ we visited last year has changed a lot. —That’s true. So what about going there again in the summer vacation? A．which B．who C．when 6．（2025·福建厦门·模拟预测）I like musicians ________ quiet and slow music. A．which plays B．who play C．which play 7．（2025·福建泉州·一模）—During the Paris Olympic Games, the Chinese athletes won a total of 40 gold medals. —They are the role models in this new age ________ we should learn from. A．when B．who C．which 8．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测）A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. I will never forget all the teachers and friends with ________ I spent four years. A．who B．whom C．whose 9．（2022·福建福州·二模）I really admire the directors ________ movie Lake Changjin won the hearts of many young people. A．which B．who C．whose 10．（2022·福建福州·模拟预测）The book ________ cover has a beautiful picture is Jenny’s. A．which B．whose C．that 考点二 定语从句的引导词（关系副词） 关系副词 先行词 功能 when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 why reason 原因状语 1.关系副词when引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the time when I first travelled by plane. 我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。 We will never forget the year when the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing. 我们将永远不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。 2.关系副词where引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示地点或抽象地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。 I'd like to live in the house where there is plenty of sunshine. 我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里. 3.关系副词why引导定语从句时，先行词常常为reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语。 Can you explain the reason(＝for which)why you don't help him? 你能解释一下不帮助他的理由吗？ I don't know the reason why he didn't turn to his good friend for help yesterday. 我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why作原因状语) I won't listen to the reason that/which you have given us. 我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用which/that，不用why) 【特别注意】“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指人，用“介词＋whom”；如果指物，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。 选用介词的依据： 1．根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。 Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous. 昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。（be famous for) 2．根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。 This is the camera with which he often takes photos. 这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(with the camera) The boss in whose company Mr. King worked heard about the accident. 金先生所工作的公司的老板听到了这起事故。(in the boss' company) 3．根据句子的意思来选择。 The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen. 这种无色的、离了它我们就无法生存的气体是氧气。 4．表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。 I have about 10 books, half of which were written by Mo Yan. 我有大约10本书，其中一半是莫言写的。 1．（2022·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）The reason ________ he didn’t come was ________ he was ill. A．why; that B．that; why C．for that; that 2．（2025·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）He lives in a village ________ there are a lot of trees. A．which B．where C．that 3．（2025·四川成都·二模）Home is always a place ________ you can feel love and warmth whatever problems you face. A．which B．where C．when 4．（2024·四川成都·二模）Xiao Wang, we will graduate from this school in about three months. I believe we will never forget this school ________ we have studied for three years. A．where B．which C．who 5．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）—Is there a restaurant around ________ I can have something to eat? —Yes, there is a Chinese restaurant near here. A．which B．that C．where 6．（2023·四川成都·二模）How time flies! I’ll miss the days ________ we studied in middle school. A．that B．where C．when 7．（2022·黑龙江绥化·二模）Sunday is a day ________ some people can go to the church with their families together in America. A．that B．who C．when 8．（2021·四川成都·三模）The good old days ______ we shared laughter and tear will remain in my heart forever. A．when B．who C．which 9．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测）—What do you think of Lijiang? —The most wonderful place ________ I’ve been in the past few years. A．what B．that C．to which 10．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）—Why do you like to live here, Tony? —Because I love the club at ________ I meet my friends. A．that B．where C．which 一．单项选择 1．（2025·福建厦门·一模）Duolingo is a useful app ________ offers many language courses. A．which B．who C．whose 【答案】A 2．（2024·福建福州·三模）We were encouraged by the speech ________ was given by the expert. A．who B．which C．what 3．（2024·福建厦门·二模）Tan Kah kee is a pioneer of Chinese overseas ________ founded schools in Singapore and China. A．which B．who C．those 4．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）The “Kemusan” dance is an eye-catching dance performance ________ is quite popular these days. A．who B．which C．whose 5．（2024·福建宁德·二模）A true friend is someone ________ accepts your past, supports your present and encourages your future. A．whose B．which C．who 6．（2024·福建厦门·二模）Nie Er wrote many pieces of music ________ inspired Chinese people to fight for the bright future. A．which B．who C．what 7．（2024·黑龙江绥化·一模）October1, 1949 is the day ______ the PRC was founded. A．which B．when C．on that 8．（2024·四川成都·二模）The old man missed the small village ________ he used to live. A．which B．that C．where 9．（2022·四川成都·二模）This is the school ________ I studied ten years ago. A．which B．where C．that 10．（2021·四川成都·二模）I will never forget my hometown ________ I spent my childhood. A．what B．where C．which 11．（2020·山东菏泽·二模）I'm looking for a place________ I can live. A．which B．that with it C．where 12．（2020·湖南长沙·一模）On May 11th, the WHO officer Dr. Gauden Galea wrote a letter to Chinese students ________ he called on young people to help people in need. A．who B．which C．where 二．语法填空 （1） （2025·湖北武汉·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 Throughout Chinese history, the education of young people has been of great importance. One of the most famous 1 (example) of this is the setting up of the Shuyuan. Like today’s universities, the Shuyuan were places of learning and research. They encouraged open discussions and provided education 2 everyone. 3 earliest Shuyuan began in the Tang Dynasty. They developed from two types of places: private study rooms 4 official libraries. By the Song Dynasty, private Shuyuan had become the center of education. Among the four most famous Shuyuan—Yuelu, Bailudong, Yingtian, and Songyang, Yuelu Shuyuan was especially known for 5 (it) long history and lasting influence. No one perhaps had a 6 (great) influence on the Shuyuan than Zhu Xi (1130—1200). This Song Dynasty philosopher (哲学家) and educator 7 (believe) education should focus on knowledge and values. At Bailudong Shuyuan, he set clear rules to guide students’ behavior. These rules 8 (become) important standards for schools across China and even influenced those in neighboring countries. Though their traditional form is no longer around, that doesn’t mean they have 9 (complete) disappeared. Modern educators, such as Zhang Boling, Cai Yuanpei, and Mei Yiqi were deeply 10 (inspire) by the teaching values of the Shuyuan. Their work helped shape China’s modern education system, which still reflects the values of the Shuyuan today. （2） （2025·福建泉州·三模）阅读下面短文，根据语境、首字母或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入适当的词或用括号中所给词的正确形式填空，每空不超过两词。要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 The Luoyang Bridge in Quanzhou is one of China’s most well-known ancient bridges. Built over 900 years ago during the Song Dynasty, this stone bridge still 1 (stand) across the Luoyang River today. In ancient times, this 2 (be) the most important crossing point between Quanzhou and the north. It helped Quanzhou become the 3 (big) international trade port during the Song and Yuan dynasties. 4 (trader) from all over Asia regularly crossed this bridge carrying silk, tea and porcelain. The bridge is about 731 meters l 5 and has many smart designs. It uses special boat-shaped piers(桥墩) which cleverly reduces water pressure. A raft foundation (筏形桥基) built 6 thousands of stones makes it stable. This was very advanced technology in ancient times. Walking on the bridge, you can see beautiful stone carvings everywhere. There are 28 lion statues, 7 small pagodas, and a big stone dragon. The bridge looks like 7 open-air museum with all these artworks. Today, it 218 (protect) as a national treasure. The local government 9 (careful) takes care of the bridge. It has built a nice park around it, too. Visitors can walk on the bridge 10 cars are not allowed. Many students come here to learn about its history. At sunset, the old stones shine beautifully in the golden light. 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题15 定语从句 目录 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 思维导图·网络构建 2 考点通关·靶向突破 2 考点一 定语从句的定义和结构 2 考点二 定语从句的引导词（关系代词） 3 考点二 定语从句的引导词（关系副词） 6 优题精选·练能提分 9 考点 课标要求 复习目标 定语从句 1.能够准确理解和运用定语从句的基本用法。 2. 能够在句子中正确使用定语从句，并能区分不同类型的定语从句。 复习中考对于定语从句的讲解和练习，主要包括关系代词和关系副词。这些内容在中考中经常以选择题、填空题的形式出现 易混点辨析 不同定语从句辨析 命题预测 主要有以下命题角度：定语从句（关系代词和关系副词） 主要在单项选择、完形填空、看图写话和语法填空中考查。 考点一 定语从句的定义和结构 1. 定语从句：在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。 2. 先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。 3. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词分有关系代词和关系副词。 （1）作用：①引导连接定语从句 ②指代先行词 ③在定语从句中充当某种成分。 （2）用法：①关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等，指代人或事物。②关系副词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因。 从句 This is the soldier [who saved the boy’s life]. (who引导从句、指代soldier、在从句中作主语) 先行词 关系词 考点二 定语从句的引导词（关系代词） 先行词 关系词 在从句作成分 例 句 省略问题 人 that 主语，宾语 She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that who 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working. whose 定语 The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate. 物 that 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. which 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. whose 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. 人或物 as 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. As we all know，she is a kind-hearted girl. as做宾语一般不省略 【易错警示】 1.只能用that，不用which的情况： （1）先行词为不定代词 all, none, few, little, much, something, anything, nothing, everything等。 （2）先行词被all, each, few, little, much, some, any, no, every等修饰时。 （3）先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, the next修饰时。 （4）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级。 （5）先行词同时指人和指物时。 （6）在以which, who开头的的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复。 2.只能用which，不用that的情况 （1）介词后面不能用that，指人只能用whom，指物只能用which。 （2）在非限制性定语从句中，即逗号后面不能用that，指人，作主语用who，宾语用whom；指物只能用which。 （3）指代前面整个句子，不能用that，只能用which，翻译成中文为“这”。 3.只能用who，不用that的情况 （1） 先行词是指人的不定代词如those, one, ones, anyone, all等时。 （2） 在there be结构中，先行词指人时。 （3） 先行词是人称代词I, you, he, she, they时。 1．（2024·福建厦门·二模）—Nowadays young people use “digital pickled vegetables (电子榨菜)” to describe the videos ________ they watch while eating. —Yes. And these videos are often about daily life. They’re easy to watch and enjoy. A．who B．what C．that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——如今年轻人用“电子榨菜”来形容他们吃东西时看的视频。——那是真的。并且这些视频通常是关于日常生活的。它们很容易看并且很好看。 考查定语从句。根据“Nowadays young people use ‘digital pickled vegetables (电子榨菜)’ to describe the videos ... they watch while eating.”可知，空处到句末是定语从句，what不引导定语从句，排除B选项，结合先行词“videos”可知，此处指代物，应用that。故选C。 2．（2024·福建宁德·一模）The National Anti-Fraud (反诈) Center is an app ________ helps prevent us being cheated. A．what B．that C．who 【答案】B 【详解】句意：国家反诈骗中心是一款帮助我们防止被骗的应用程序。 考查定语从句。what什么，不引导定语从句；that当定语从句的先行词是人或物时；who当先行词是人时使用。根据先行词是“an app”，所以是that。故选B。 3．（2024·福建福州·一模）—Why are the students in that college so excited? —Their teacher is one of the astronauts ________ have just returned from outer space. A．which B．that C．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——为什么那所大学的学生如此兴奋？——他们的老师是刚刚从外太空返回的宇航员之一。 考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是astronauts，关系词在从句中作主语，用that引导定语从句。故选B。 4．（24-25九年级下·福建厦门·期中）He has had a car for 3 years ________ is under the tree over there. A．when B．who C．which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他那辆买了3年的车正停在那边树下。 考查定语从句关系词。when什么时候；who谁；which哪一个。先行词“a car”指物，且从句缺少主语，需用关系代词“which”引导非限制性定语从句。故选C。 5．（2025·福建厦门·模拟预测）—The village ________ we visited last year has changed a lot. —That’s true. So what about going there again in the summer vacation? A．which B．who C．when 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我们去年参观的那个村庄变化很大。——确实如此。那么暑假再去那里怎么样？ 考查定语从句关系词。which哪一个，先行词为物；who谁，先行词为人；when什么时候，先行词为时间。根据“The village...we visited last year has changed a lot”可知，句子为定语从句，先行词为“The village”，指物，且在从句中作“visited”的宾语，所以应该用关系代词“which”。故选A。 6．（2025·福建厦门·模拟预测）I like musicians ________ quiet and slow music. A．which plays B．who play C．which play 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我喜欢那些演奏安静和慢音乐的乐手。 考查定语从句关系词。who 指人，在从句中作主语；which 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；此处先行词musicians是人，故用who；且musicians为复数，从句谓语动词需用动词原形。故选B。 7．（2025·福建泉州·一模）—During the Paris Olympic Games, the Chinese athletes won a total of 40 gold medals. —They are the role models in this new age ________ we should learn from. A．when B．who C．which 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——在巴黎奥运会上，中国运动员共获得40枚金牌。——他们是这个新时代的榜样，我们应该向他们学习。 考查定语从句。when何时；who谁；which哪一个。根据“They are the role models in this new age ... we should learn from.”可知，本句是定语从句，先行词是role models，指人，且在从句中作宾语，应用who引导定语从句。故选B。 8．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测）A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. I will never forget all the teachers and friends with ________ I spent four years. A．who B．whom C．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：一个真正的朋友是向你伸出手，并触动你心灵。我永远不会忘记与我共度四年时光的所有老师和朋友。 考查定语从句。根据句子结构，该句为定语从句，先行词为“teachers and friends”，指人，且空格前为介词“with”，故空格处应填who的宾格whom。故选B。 9．（2022·福建福州·二模）I really admire the directors ________ movie Lake Changjin won the hearts of many young people. A．which B．who C．whose 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我真的很佩服那些导演，他们的电影《长津湖》赢得了许多年轻人的心。 考查定语从句关系词。which关系代词，先行词指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；who关系代词，先行词指人，在从句中作主语；whose关系代词，先行词指物或人，在从句中作定语。句子先行词是directors，在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose。故选C。 10．（2022·福建福州·模拟预测）The book ________ cover has a beautiful picture is Jenny’s. A．which B．whose C．that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：封面有一张漂亮照片的那本书是珍妮的。 考查定语从句。which先行词为物，在从句中作主语或宾语；whose先行词为人/物，在从句中作定语；that先行词为人/物，在从句中作主语或宾语。从句中成分完整，此处需要一个关系词作定语，表示“书的封面”，故选B。 考点二 定语从句的引导词（关系副词） 关系副词 先行词 功能 when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 why reason 原因状语 1.关系副词when引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the time when I first travelled by plane. 我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。 We will never forget the year when the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing. 我们将永远不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。 2.关系副词where引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示地点或抽象地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。 I'd like to live in the house where there is plenty of sunshine. 我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里. 3.关系副词why引导定语从句时，先行词常常为reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语。 Can you explain the reason(＝for which)why you don't help him? 你能解释一下不帮助他的理由吗？ I don't know the reason why he didn't turn to his good friend for help yesterday. 我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why作原因状语) I won't listen to the reason that/which you have given us. 我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用which/that，不用why) 【特别注意】“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指人，用“介词＋whom”；如果指物，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。 选用介词的依据： 1．根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。 Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous. 昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。（be famous for) 2．根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。 This is the camera with which he often takes photos. 这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(with the camera) The boss in whose company Mr. King worked heard about the accident. 金先生所工作的公司的老板听到了这起事故。(in the boss' company) 3．根据句子的意思来选择。 The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen. 这种无色的、离了它我们就无法生存的气体是氧气。 4．表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。 I have about 10 books, half of which were written by Mo Yan. 我有大约10本书，其中一半是莫言写的。 1．（2022·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）The reason ________ he didn’t come was ________ he was ill. A．why; that B．that; why C．for that; that 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他没有来的原因是他病了。 考查定语从句和表语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，整个句子的谓语动词为was，was之前的为定语从句；was之后的为表语从句；第一个空为定语从句，定语从句中句子结构完整，因此用关系副词why引导；第二个空为表语从句，表语从句的结构也完整，因此用连词that引导，that无意义。故选A。 2．（2025·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）He lives in a village ________ there are a lot of trees. A．which B．where C．that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他住在一个有很多树的村庄里。 考查定语从句。which哪一个；where在哪里；that那。分析句子结构和选项可知，应选关系副词where，引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词village，在从句中作地点状语，相当于in which。故选B。 3．（2025·四川成都·二模）Home is always a place ________ you can feel love and warmth whatever problems you face. A．which B．where C．when 【答案】B 【详解】句意：家永远是一个无论你面临什么问题，都能感受到爱与温暖的地方。 考查定语从句。which在定语从句中作主语或宾语；where在定语从句中作地点状语；when在定语从句中作时间状语。先行词“a place”是地点，在从句“you can feel love and warmth whatever problems you face”中作地点状语，即“在这个地方能感受到爱与温暖”。故选B。 4．（2024·四川成都·二模）Xiao Wang, we will graduate from this school in about three months. I believe we will never forget this school ________ we have studied for three years. A．where B．which C．who 【答案】A 【详解】句意：小王，我们大约三个月后就要从这所学校毕业了。我相信我们永远不会忘记这所学校，我们在那里学习了三年。 考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是this school，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用where引导定语从句。故选A。 5．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）—Is there a restaurant around ________ I can have something to eat? —Yes, there is a Chinese restaurant near here. A．which B．that C．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——附近有没有餐馆可以让我吃点东西？——是的，这附近有一家中国餐馆。 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空后是定语从句部分，修饰限定先行词restaurant，定语从句成分完整，应用关系副词，where符合，故选C。 6．（2023·四川成都·二模）How time flies! I’ll miss the days ________ we studied in middle school. A．that B．where C．when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：时间过得真快！我会想念我们在中学学习的日子。 考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是the days，在定语从句中作时间状语，when符合题意。故选C。 7．（2022·黑龙江绥化·二模）Sunday is a day ________ some people can go to the church with their families together in America. A．that B．who C．when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在美国，星期天是一些人可以和家人一起去教堂的日子。 考查定语从句。that引导定语从句，修饰事物或人，作主语，宾语或表语；who引导定语从句，修饰人，作主语，宾语或表语；when引导定语从句，修饰时间，作状语。分析句子结构，先行词为day，定语从句中不缺少主语，宾语和表语，因此用when引导定语从句，作时间状语，故选C。 8．（2021·四川成都·三模）The good old days ______ we shared laughter and tear will remain in my heart forever. A．when B．who C．which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们分享欢笑和泪水的美好时光将永远留在我心中。 考查定语从句。when关系副词，引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作时间状语；who引导限制性定语从句，修饰指人的先行词；which既能引导限制性定语从句，也能引导非限制性定语从句，修饰指物的先行词，在定语从句中充当主语和宾语，作宾语时可以省略。此句是定语从句，先行词是“The good old days”，在定语从句中作时间状语，应该用when引导。故选A。 9．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测）—What do you think of Lijiang? —The most wonderful place ________ I’ve been in the past few years. A．what B．that C．to which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你觉得丽江怎么样？  ——它是在过去几年里我去过的最美妙的地方。 考查定语从句引导词。分析句子可知，句子是定语从句，先行词“place”指地点，此处用“to which”在从句中作地点状语。故选C。 10．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）—Why do you like to live here, Tony? —Because I love the club at ________ I meet my friends. A．that B．where C．which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Tony，你为什么喜欢住在这里？——因为我喜欢这个俱乐部，在这里我会遇见我的朋友。 考查定语从句。that关系代词，指人或物；where关系副词，指地点；which关系代词，指物。根据“Because I love the club at...I meet my friends.”可知，at是介词，故此处为“介词+关系代词”结构，在此结构中，关系代词只能用which（指物）和whom（指人），这里指物。故选C。 一．单项选择 1．（2025·福建厦门·一模）Duolingo is a useful app ________ offers many language courses. A．which B．who C．whose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：Duolingo是一个有用的应用程序，提供许多语言课程。 考查定语从句关系词。which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whose指人，在定语从句中作定语。先行词app指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语。故选A。 2．（2024·福建福州·三模）We were encouraged by the speech ________ was given by the expert. A．who B．which C．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：专家的演讲使我们深受鼓舞。 考查定语从句。此句是一个定语从句，先行词“the speech”是物，且在从句中作主语，所以关系代词用which。故选B。 3．（2024·福建厦门·二模）Tan Kah kee is a pioneer of Chinese overseas ________ founded schools in Singapore and China. A．which B．who C．those 【答案】B 【详解】句意：陈嘉庚是海外华侨的一个先驱，他在新加坡和中国创办了学校。 考查定语从句。which先行词指物；who先行词指人；those那些，代词，不引导定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所在句为定语从句，先行词是指人的“Tan Kah kee”。故选B。 4．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）The “Kemusan” dance is an eye-catching dance performance ________ is quite popular these days. A．who B．which C．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“科目三”是最近很受欢迎的引人注目的舞蹈表演。 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词dance performance指物，在从句中作主语，关系词用which，故选B。 5．（2024·福建宁德·二模）A true friend is someone ________ accepts your past, supports your present and encourages your future. A．whose B．which C．who 【答案】C 【详解】句意：真正的朋友是接受你的过去，支持你的现在，鼓励你的未来的人。 考查定语从句关系词辨析。whose先行词为人，在从句中作定语；which先行词为事物，在从句中作主语/宾语；who先行词为人，在从句中作主语/宾语。根据“someone... accepts your past,...”可知，先行词为someone，指人，且在从句中作主语，空处需填关系代词who引导定语从句。故选C。 6．（2024·福建厦门·二模）Nie Er wrote many pieces of music ________ inspired Chinese people to fight for the bright future. A．which B．who C．what 【答案】A 【详解】句意：聂耳创作了许多乐曲，激励着中国人民为美好的未来而奋斗。 考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是music，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导定语从句。故选A。 7．（2024·黑龙江绥化·一模）October1, 1949 is the day ______ the PRC was founded. A．which B．when C．on that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。 考查定语从句。which先行词表物，在从句中作主语或宾语；when先行词表时间，在从句中作时间状语；on that先行词表物，在从句中作主语或宾语。分析题干可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词day是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作状语，应用关系副词when引导定语从句。故选B。 8．（2024·四川成都·二模）The old man missed the small village ________ he used to live. A．which B．that C．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：那位老人想念他过去住过的那个小村庄。 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，从句不缺主语及宾语，修饰先行词the small village，用关系副词 where 在从句中作地点状语。故选C。 9．（2022·四川成都·二模）This is the school ________ I studied ten years ago. A．which B．where C．that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这是我十年前学习的学校。 考查定语从句。which引导定语从句，先行词是物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；where引导定语从句，先行词是地点，在定语从句中作状语；that引导定语从句，先行词是人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。句中先行词“the school”是地点且在定语从句中作状语，所以句子是where引导的定语从句，故选B。 10．（2021·四川成都·二模）I will never forget my hometown ________ I spent my childhood. A．what B．where C．which 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我将永远不会忘记我度过童年的家乡。 考查定语从句。what不能引导定语从句；where关系副词，指地点，作状语；which关系代词，指物，作主语或宾语；本句的先行词为hometown，先行词在从句中为地点状语（我童年时待过的地方），因此用关系词为where，故选B。 11．（2020·山东菏泽·二模）I'm looking for a place________ I can live. A．which B．that with it C．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我在找一个可以住的地方。 考查定语从句。which关系代词，先行词指物，在从句中做主语或宾语；that关系代词，先行词指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语；with it和它，表示伴随；where关系副词，先行词指地点，在从句中做状语；根据句意理解及句子结构分析可知，先行词place在从句中做的是地点状语，表示“在某地住”，所以这里应该用where关系副词，故选C。 12．（2020·湖南长沙·一模）On May 11th, the WHO officer Dr. Gauden Galea wrote a letter to Chinese students ________ he called on young people to help people in need. A．who B．which C．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：5月11日，世界卫生组织官员高力博士给中国学生写了一封信，呼吁年轻人帮助有需要的人。 考查定语从句关系词。who先行词是人，且在句中作主语；which先行词是物，且在句中作主语或宾语；where先行词表地点意义，且在从句中作地点状语。根据题干可知句中先行词是a letter，此处是说在信中呼吁年轻人帮助有需要的人，a letter在从句中是地点状语，用“in which”或关系副词where引导限制性定语从句。故选C。 二．语法填空 （1） （2025·湖北武汉·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 Throughout Chinese history, the education of young people has been of great importance. One of the most famous 1 (example) of this is the setting up of the Shuyuan. Like today’s universities, the Shuyuan were places of learning and research. They encouraged open discussions and provided education 2 everyone. 3 earliest Shuyuan began in the Tang Dynasty. They developed from two types of places: private study rooms 4 official libraries. By the Song Dynasty, private Shuyuan had become the center of education. Among the four most famous Shuyuan—Yuelu, Bailudong, Yingtian, and Songyang, Yuelu Shuyuan was especially known for 5 (it) long history and lasting influence. No one perhaps had a 6 (great) influence on the Shuyuan than Zhu Xi (1130—1200). This Song Dynasty philosopher (哲学家) and educator 7 (believe) education should focus on knowledge and values. At Bailudong Shuyuan, he set clear rules to guide students’ behavior. These rules 8 (become) important standards for schools across China and even influenced those in neighboring countries. Though their traditional form is no longer around, that doesn’t mean they have 9 (complete) disappeared. Modern educators, such as Zhang Boling, Cai Yuanpei, and Mei Yiqi were deeply 10 (inspire) by the teaching values of the Shuyuan. Their work helped shape China’s modern education system, which still reflects the values of the Shuyuan today. 【答案】1．examples 2．for 3．The 4．and 5．its 6．greater 7．believed 8．became 9．completely 10．inspired 【导语】本文介绍了中国古代的书院。 1．句意：其中最著名的例子之一就是书院的建立。one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数“最……的……之一”，此处用名词example“例子”的复数形式。故填examples。 2．句意：他们鼓励公开讨论，并为每个人提供教育。provide … for …“为……提供……”。故填for。 3．句意：书院最早始于唐代。形容词最高级前面加定冠词the。故填The。 4．句意：它们从两种类型发展而来：私人书院和官方书院。根据“two types of places”可知，此处指有两种类型的书院，用and连接并列成分。故填and。 5．句意：岳麓书院以其悠久的历史和持久的影响而闻名。it“它”，人称代词，此处用形容词性物主代词修饰名词短语long history。故填its。 6．句意：也许没有人比朱熹（1130-1200）对书院的影响更大。根据“No one perhaps had”可知，比较级的否定表示最高级，此处用形容词great“大的，好的”的比较级形式。故填greater。 7．句意：这位宋代哲学家和教育家认为教育应该注重知识和价值观。believe“认为”，时态为一般过去时，此处用动词过去式形式。故填believed。 8．句意：这些规定成为中国各地学校的重要标准，甚至影响了邻国的学校。become“成为”，时态为一般过去时，此处用动词过去式形式。故填became。 9．句意：虽然它们的传统形式已经不复存在，但这并不意味着它们已经完全消失了。complete“完全的”，此处用其副词形式修饰动词disappeared。故填completely。 20．句意：张伯苓、蔡元培、梅贻琦等现代教育家深受书院教学价值观的启发。根据“by the teaching values of the Shuyuan”可知，被书院教学价值观启发鼓舞，用被动语态“be+done”，此处填inspire“启发，鼓舞”的过去分词。故填inspired。 （2） （2025·福建泉州·三模）阅读下面短文，根据语境、首字母或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入适当的词或用括号中所给词的正确形式填空，每空不超过两词。要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 The Luoyang Bridge in Quanzhou is one of China’s most well-known ancient bridges. Built over 900 years ago during the Song Dynasty, this stone bridge still 1 (stand) across the Luoyang River today. In ancient times, this 2 (be) the most important crossing point between Quanzhou and the north. It helped Quanzhou become the 3 (big) international trade port during the Song and Yuan dynasties. 4 (trader) from all over Asia regularly crossed this bridge carrying silk, tea and porcelain. The bridge is about 731 meters l 5 and has many smart designs. It uses special boat-shaped piers(桥墩) which cleverly reduces water pressure. A raft foundation (筏形桥基) built 6 thousands of stones makes it stable. This was very advanced technology in ancient times. Walking on the bridge, you can see beautiful stone carvings everywhere. There are 28 lion statues, 7 small pagodas, and a big stone dragon. The bridge looks like 7 open-air museum with all these artworks. Today, it 218 (protect) as a national treasure. The local government 9 (careful) takes care of the bridge. It has built a nice park around it, too. Visitors can walk on the bridge 10 cars are not allowed. Many students come here to learn about its history. At sunset, the old stones shine beautifully in the golden light. 【答案】1．stands 2．was 3．biggest 4．Traders 5．(l)ong 6．with 7．an 8．is protected 9．carefully 10．while/but 【导语】本文介绍了泉州洛阳桥的历史地位、结构设计、艺术特色及保护现状，展现其重要价值。 1．句意：这座石桥如今仍横跨洛阳江。主语 “this stone bridge” 为单数，且描述客观事实用一般现在时，谓语动词要用单三形式stands，故填stands。 2．句意：在古代，这里曾是泉州与北方之间最重要的通行点。根据“In ancient times”可知，本句时态为一般过去时，主语“this” 指代桥，是单数，故填was。 3．句意：它帮助泉州成为宋元时期最大的国际贸易港口。根据“the…international trade port during the Song and Yuan dynasties.”可知，此处表示“宋元时期最大的国际贸易港口”，定冠词 “the” 后接形容词最高级，big的最高级形式是biggest，故填biggest。 4．句意：来自亚洲各地的商人经常携带丝绸、茶叶和瓷器跨越这座桥。根据 “from all over Asia regularly crossed this bridge” 可知，此处指 “商人”，且需用复数形式，trader的复数为traders，句首首字母大写，故填Traders。 5．句意：这座桥长约731米，并有许多巧妙的设计。根据 “about 731 meters”及首字母提示可知，此处描述桥的长度，“数词 + 名词 + 形容词” 结构中用形容词long表示 “长的”，故填(l)ong。 6．句意：由数千块石头建造的筏形桥基使其稳固。with强调使用某种工具、材料，此处强调桥基由石头直接建成，故填with。 7．句意：这座桥看起来像一个陈列着所有这些艺术品的露天博物馆。根据 “…open-air museum” 可知，此处泛指“一个露天博物馆”，且“open” 以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an，故填an。 8．句意：如今，它被列为国宝加以保护。根据 “Today, it…as a national treasure.”可知，此处表示“它被保护”，且时态为一般现在时，主语it是单数，protect的过去分词是protected，故填is protected。 9．句意：当地政府精心照料这座桥。根据 “takes care of the bridge” 可知，此处需要副词修饰动词，careful的副词形式是carefully，表示 “仔细地”，故填carefully。 10．句意：游客可以在桥上行走，因为不允许汽车通行。根据 “Visitors can walk on the bridge” 和“cars are not allowed” 可知，此处是转折关系，用while/but引导，故填while/but。 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $