精品解析：河北省唐山市曹妃甸区2025-2026学年八年级上学期11月期中英语试题

这是曹妃甸区2025至2026学年第一学期期中考试八年级英语听力测试。听力部分分为两小节，做题时先将答案划在试卷上，在听力测试结束后将答案转涂到答题卡上。听力部分，第一节第一题听句子，选择该句的最佳答语。下面你将听到五个句子，每个句子读两遍。请你听完第二遍朗读后从各小题给出。的AB、C三个。选项中选出最佳选项。Number one, how was your holiday? How was your . holiday? Number two, would you like to come to my home for dinner? Would you like to come to my home for dinner? Number three, what do you think of pandas? What do you think of pandas? Number four, it's a nice day, isn't IT? It's a nice day, isn't IT? Number five, how long did you stay in shanghai? How long did you stay in shanghai? 第二题，听对话和问题，选择正确答案。下面你将听到四组对话，每组对话读两遍。请你听完第二遍朗读后从各小题。给出的ABC3个. 选项中选择正确答案。听第一组对话，回答第6至8题。Hi tom. Long time. no. See, where did you go for your holiday? I went to my grandparents home in . the countryside. How was the weather there? IT was cool and sometimes rainy. What did you do there? I helped my grandpa on the farm and flu kites in the fields. Which activity did you like best? I enjoyed flying kites most IT was so much fun. Hi tom. Long time, no. See, where did you go for your holiday? I went to my grandparents home in . the countryside. How was the weather there? IT was cool and sometimes rainy. What did you do there? I helped my grandpa on the farm and flu kites in the fields. Which activity did you like best? I enjoyed flying kites most IT was so much fun. Question number six, where did tom go on holiday? Where did time go on holiday? Question number seven, what was the weather like that? What was the weather like there? Question number eight, what did tom like best during the holiday? What did time like best during . the holiday? 听第二组对话，回答第9至10题。What's your favorite animal. bob? I like giraffe. Why do you like them? Because they are so tall and beautiful. What about you? My favorite animal is the koala. I think they're a very funny. Yes, they're cute. What's your favorite animal. bob? I like giraffe. Why do you like them? Because they . are so tall and beautiful. What about you? My favorite animal is the koala. I think they're very funny. Yes, they're cute. Question number nine, what are they talking about? What are they talking about? Question number ten, why does the boy like giraffe? Why does the boy like giraffes? 听第三组对话，回答第11至12题。We move to a new house . last month. really? Where is IT? It's next to a big park. That's nice. How do you go to school now? I usually ride my bike. It's not far. I go to school on foot because my home is near our school. We move to a new house . last month. really? Where is IT? It's next to a big park. That's nice. How do you go to school now? I usually ride my bike. It's not far. I go to school on foot because my home is near our school. Question number eleven, where is the boy's new house? Where is the boy's new house? Question number twelve, how does the girl go to school? How does the girl go to school? 听第四组对话，回答第13至15题。Oh, no, I can't find my watch. Don't worry. When did you last see IT? I think I had IT when I was playing basketball on the playground. Did you leave IT there? Maybe let me go and have a look. I'll go with you. Look, is that your watch under the tree? Yes, IT is. Thank you for your help. Oh, no, I can't find my watch. Don't worry. When did you last? See IT? I think I had IT when I was playing basketball on the playground. Did you leave there? Maybe let me go and have a look. I'll go with you. Look, is that you're watch under the tree? Yes, IT is. Thank you for your help. Question number thirteen, what did the boy lose? What did the boy lose? Question number fourteen, where does he think he lost IT? Where does he think he lost IT? Question number fifteen, who helped him find IT? Who helped . him find IT? 第三题，听短文和问题，选择正确答案。下面你将听到两篇短文和五个问题，每篇短文和问题读两遍，请你听完第二遍朗读后从各小题。给出的ABC3个. 选项中选出正确答案。请听第一篇短文，回答第16至17题。Last sunday, mike didn't go out. He stayed at home because I was raining. He finished his homework in the morning. In the afternoon, he read an interesting book about amazing animals around the world. He also helped his mother cooked dinner. Although he didn't go anywhere, he thought IT was a relaxing and interesting day. Last sunday, mike didn't go out. He stayed at home because IT was raining. He finished his homework in the morning. In the afternoon, he read an interesting book about amazing animals around the world. He also helped his mother cooked dinner. Although he didn't go anywhere, he thought he was a relaxing and interesting day. Question number sixteen, what did I do last sunday? What did I do last sunday? Question number seventeen, what did he think of the day? What did he think of the day? 请听第二篇短文，回答第18至20题。Pandas are one of china's most famous animals, but they are also in danger most. While pandas live in the mountains in the southwest of china, their main food is bamboo. However, their homes are getting smaller because forest so being cut down, this is the most serious problem for pandas. To help them, scientists are working hard. They are planting more bamboo forests and creating large nature parks to protect these amazing animals. We hope pandas will have a Better future. Pandas are one of china's most famous animals, but they are also in danger. Most wild pandas live in the mountain in the southwest of china. Their main food is bamboo. However, their homes are getting smaller because forests are being cut down. This is the most serious problem for pandas. To help them, scientists start working hard. They are planting more bamboo forest and creating larger nature parks to protect these amazing animals. We hope pandas will have a Better future. Question number eighteen, where do pandas live in china according to the passage? Where do pandas live in china according to the passage? Question number one, what is the main reason for pandas becoming fewer in number? What is the main reason for pen is becoming fewer in number? Question number twenty, what are scientists doing to help pandas? What are scientists doing to help pandas? 第四题，听短文填空。下面你将听到一篇短文，短文读两遍，请你听完第二遍朗读后，根据短文内容和提示，在试卷上单独列出的句子中填入所缺的单词。Last winter holiday, my family and I took a trip to some year the warm, whether there was a nice change from the cold north. We stayed in a hotel that had a lovely garden where we could relax one day. We visited a big plant garden and saw many amazing plants. The guide showed us two different plants. One was very tall and the other was short, but they both had beautiful Green leaves. The most interesting one was a plan that could catch insects. We all thought this wonderful trip helps us learn a lot about nature. Last winter holiday, my family and I took a trip to sana. The warm weather. There was a nice change from the cold north. We stayed in a hotel that had a lovely garden where we could relax one day. We visited a big planet garden and saw many amazing plants. The guide showed us two different plants. One was very tall and the other was short, but they both had beautiful Green leaves. The most interesting one was a plant that could catch insects. We all thought this wonderful trip helps us learn a lot about nature. 听力部分到此结束，请同学们继续答题，预祝同学们取得好成绩。 2025-2026学年度第一学期期中质量检测 八年级英语试题 （满分100分，考试时间90分钟） 听力部分 I.听句子，选择该句的最佳答语。（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. It was great. B. I’m reading a book. C. By bus. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】How was your holiday? 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Yes, I’d love to. B. It doesn’t matter. C. In the living room. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】Would you like to come to my home for dinner? 3. 此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. I like pandas best. B. They’re from China. C. They’re amazing. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】What do you think of pandas? 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Not at all. B. I agree with you. C. It’s sunny. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】It’s a nice day, isn’t it? 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. About two weeks. B. Last month. C. In Beijing. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】How long did you stay in Shanghai? Ⅱ.听对话和问题，选择正确答案。（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 听对话，回答小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 6. Where did Tom go on holiday? A. To the beach. B. To the mountains. C. To his grandparents’ home. 7. What was the weather like there? A. Hot and sunny. B. Cool and rainy. C. Cold and snowy. 8. What did Tom like best during the holiday? A. Swimming. B. Flying kites. C. Hiking. 【答案】6. C 7. B 8. B 【解析】 【原文】A: Hi Tom. Long time no see. Where did you go for your holiday? B: I went to my grandparents home in the countryside. A: How was the weather there? B: It was cool and sometimes rainy. A: What did you do there? B: I helped my grandpa on the farm and flew kites in the fields. A:Which activity did you like best? B: I enjoyed flying kites most, it was so much fun. Q: Where did Tom go on holiday? Q: What was the weather like there? Q: What did Tom like best during the holiday? 听对话，回答小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 9. What are they talking about? A. Their favorite animals. B. Their homework. C. A movie. 10. Why does the boy like giraffes? A. Because they are funny. B. Because they are tall and beautiful. C. Because they run fast. 【答案】9. A 10. B 【解析】 【原文】A: What’s your favorite animal, Bob? B: I like giraffes. A: Why do you like them? B: Because they are so tall and beautiful. What about you? A: My favorite animal is the koala. I think they are very funny. B: Yes, they are cute. Q: What are they talking about? Q: Why does the boy like giraffes? 听对话，回答小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. Where is the boy’s new house? A. Next to a park. B. Next to a school. C. Behind a library. 12. How does the girl go to school? A. By bike. B. On foot. C. By bus. 【答案】11. A 12. B 【解析】 【原文】A: We moved to a new house last month. B: Really? Where is it? A: It’s next to a big park. B: That’s nice. How do you go to school now? A: I usually ride my bike. It’s not far. B: I go to school on foot because my home is near our school. Q: Where is the boy’s new house? Q: How does the girl go to school? 听对话，回答小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 13. What did the boy lose? A. His wallet. B. His watch. C. His key. 14. Where does he think he lost it? A. On the playground. B. In the dining hall. C. In the classroom. 15. Who helped him find it? A. His teacher. B. His classmate. C. His mother. 【答案】13. B 14. A 15. B 【解析】 【原文】A: Oh no. I can’t find my watch. B: Don’t worry. When did you last see it? A: I think I had it when I was playing basketball on the playground. B: Did you leave it there? A: Maybe. Let me go and have a look. B: I’ll go with you. Look. Is that your watch under the tree? A: Yes, it is. Thank you for your help. Q: What did the boy lose? Q: Where does he think he lost it? Q: Who helped him find it? Ⅲ.听短文和问题，选择正确答案。（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 听短文，回答小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 16. What did Mike do last Sunday? A. Went to the zoo. B. Visited a farm. C. Stayed at home. 17. What did he think of the day? A. Tiring. B. Interesting. C. Boring. 【答案】16. C 17. B 【解析】 【原文】Last Sunday Mike didn’t go out. He stayed at home because it was raining. He finished his homework in the morning. In the afternoon he read an interesting book about amazing animals around the world. He also helped his mother cooked dinner. Although he didn’t go anywhere. He thought it was a relaxing and interesting day. 听短文，回答小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 18. Where do pandas live in China according to the passage? A. In the east. B. In the south. C. In the southwest. 19. What is the main reason for pandas becoming fewer in number? A. They don’t have enough food. B. They get sick easily. C. They lose their homes. 20. What are scientists doing to help pandas? A. Building new zoos for them. B. Planting more bamboo and protecting their forests. C. Sending them to other countries. 【答案】18. C 19. C 20. B 【解析】 【原文】Pandas are one of China’s most famous animals, but they are also in danger. Most wild pandas live in the mountains in the southwest of China. Their main food is bamboo. However, their homes are getting smaller because forests are being cut down. This is the most serious problem for pandas. To help them, scientists are working hard. They are planting more bamboo forests and creating larger nature parks to protect these amazing animals. We hope pandas will have a better future. Q: Where do pandas live in China according to the passage? Q: What is the main reason for pandas becoming fewer in number? Q: What are scientists doing to help pandas? Ⅳ. 听短文填空。（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 21. The weather in Sanya was ____________. 22. The hotel has a ____________ to relax. 23. The two kinds of plants are different, but they both have green ____________. 24. The special plant can ____________ insects for food. 25. The holiday in Sanya was ____________. 【答案】21. warm 22. garden 23. leaves 24. catch 25. wonderful 【解析】 【原文】Last winter holiday my family and I took a trip to Sanya. The warm weather there was a nice change from the cold north. We stayed in a hotel that had a lovely garden where we could relax. One day we visited a big plant garden and saw many amazing plants. The guide showed us two different plants. One was very tall and the other was short but they both had beautiful green leaves. The most interest in one was a plant that could catch insects. We all thought this wonderful trip helped us learn a lot about nature. 笔试部分 Ⅴ. 完型填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） Home is not just a house where we live. It is special and magical. At home, we build our dreams. We can think about what we are going to be. Maybe we want to be a teacher ___26___ a doctor. We can study and learn at home. We can read books and draw pictures. We can talk to our family about our dreams. Home is where our dreams ___27___. We feel comfortable at home. We can feel love and warmth. We can be ourselves and say everything ___28___. We feel accepted and helped there. At home, we learn to listen, care and share. When we have a box of delicious cookies, we share them with our family members. We give some to our brother or sister and see the ___29___ on their faces. When someone in the family doesn’t feel well, we learn to ___30___ them. We bring ___31___ a glass of water. When our parents talk about their day, we learn to listen ___32___. Home is also a place of growing. It’s where we take our first steps and say our first words. It’s where we have our first experiences and make our first ___33___. Home is where we find our interest. We are not afraid to try anything in this place. As we grow older, home becomes a safe place away from the stress of the world. We always ___34___ peace there. Home is not just a place; it is a feeling that ___35___ us together. 26. A. or B. and C. but D. so 27. A. break B. end C. stop D. start 28. A. quickly B. slowly C. badly D. freely 29. A. tears B. smiles C. anger D. sadness 30. A. look after B. look for C. look at D. look up 31. A. him B. her C. them D. us 32. A. easily B. carefully C. loudly D. carelessly 33. A. plans B. problems C. ideas D. memories 34. A. forget B. lose C. find D. avoid 35. A. pushes B. takes C. sends D. brings 【答案】26. A 27. D 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了家不仅是居住的场所，更是滋养梦想、温暖心灵、孕育成长与联结情感的地方。 【26题详解】 句意：也许我们想成为一名老师或者一名医生。 or或者；and和；but但是；so所以。此处指“一名老师”或者“一名医生”，表示选择，用or。故选A。 【27题详解】 句意：家是我们梦想开始的地方。 break打破；end结束；stop停止；start开始。根据“Home is where our dreams ”并结合前文可知在家构建梦想，家是梦想开启之处，故选D。 【28题详解】 句意：在家里，我们可以做自己，畅所欲言。 quickly快速地；slowly缓慢地；badly糟糕地；freely自由地。根据“We can be ourselves and say everything”可知在家里可以自由地表达一切，freely符合语境，故选D。 【29题详解】 句意：我们给兄弟姐妹一些饼干，然后看到他们脸上的笑容。 tears眼泪；smiles笑容；anger愤怒；sadness悲伤。根据“We give some to our brother or sister and see the...on their faces.”可知当把美味的饼干分享给家人时，他们脸上应该是露出笑容，故选B。 【30题详解】 句意：当家里有人身体不舒服时，我们学会照顾他们 look after照顾；look for寻找；look at看；look up查阅。根据“When someone in the family doesn’t feel well,”可知，应该照顾不舒服的家人，故选A。 【31题详解】 句意：我们给他们端一杯水。 him他；her她；them他们；us我们。这里指代前面身体不舒服的家人，用them指代，故选C。 【32题详解】 句意：当父母谈论他们的一天时，我们学会认真倾听。 easily容易地；carefully认真地；loudly大声地；carelessly粗心地。根据“When our parents talk about their day, we learn to listen”可知倾听父母说话时，应该是认真倾听，carefully符合语境，故选B。 【33题详解】 句意：家是我们有第一次经历、留下第一次回忆的地方。 plans计划；problems问题；ideas想法；memories回忆。根据“we have our first experiences and make our first”可知在家有第一次的种种经历，会留下回忆，故选D。 【34题详解】 句意：我们总能在那里找到安宁。 forget忘记；lose失去；find找到；avoid避免。根据“peace there”可知家是能让我们找到安宁的地方，故选C。 【35题详解】 句意：家不仅仅是一个地方，它是一种将我们凝聚在一起的情感。 pushes推；takes带走；sends发送；brings带来。根据“us together.”可知家将我们凝聚在一起，bring...together表示“使……聚集在一起”，故选D。 Ⅵ. 短文填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） “What’s the matter, Mum?” When I came home yesterday, I found my mother was ____36____ (happy). It was unusual because she usually opened the door and welcomed me with ____37____ smile. “She’s dying,” Mum said ____38____ (sad). I knew what she meant. The rose, my ____39____ (mother) favourite, was dying. A month ago, we moved into our new house and Mum ____40____ (buy) a very beautiful rose. Mum liked it very much. Every time she was free, she would water it many ____41____ (time) and move it from one place to another ____42____ (give) the rose enough sunshine. She hoped the rose would become ____43____ (strong) and more beautiful. ____44____ the rose was dying because of too much care. It’s true that my mother ____45____ (love) the rose. But this kind of love can be harmful (有害的). Love can sometimes kill what you love. 【答案】36. unhappy 37. a 38. sadly 39. mother’s 40. bought 41. times 42. to give 43. stronger 44. But 45. loves 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了母亲因为过度照顾一株她最喜爱的玫瑰而导致它枯萎的故事，从而引出一个道理：过度的爱有时反而有害。 【36题详解】 句意：当我昨天回家时，我发现我的妈妈不开心。根据下文“It was unusual...”可知，妈妈平时都是微笑着迎接我，但昨天妈妈不开心，happy“开心的”，形容词，此处需要其反义词，unhappy“不开心的”。故填unhappy。 【37题详解】 句意：因为她通常会打开门，用微笑迎接我。根据“with…smile”可知，此处表示带着一个微笑，应用不定冠词，smile“微笑”，为可数名词单数，且以辅音音素开头。故填a。 【38题详解】 句意：“她快要死了。”妈妈伤心地说。此处修饰动词“said”，需用副词形式，sad“伤心的”，副词形式为sadly。故填sadly。 【39题详解】 句意：这株玫瑰，是我妈妈最喜欢的，快要死了。根据“favourite”可知，此处表示妈妈的，修饰名词favourite，需用名词所有格，mother“母亲”，所有格为mother’s。故填mother’s。 【40题详解】 句意：一个月前，我们搬进了新家，妈妈买了一株非常漂亮的玫瑰。根据“A month ago”可知，描述过去发生的事情，buy“买”，过去式为bought。故填bought。 【41题详解】 句意：每次一有空，她就会给玫瑰浇很多次水，还把它从一处搬到另一处，让它得到充足的阳光。根据“water it many…”可知，这里表示给玫瑰浇很多次水，time“次数”，为可数名词，由many可知，此处用可数名词复数形式。故填times。 【42题详解】 句意：每次一有空，她就会给玫瑰浇很多次水，还把它从一处搬到另一处，让它得到充足的阳光。根据“moved it from one place to another…the rose enough sunshine”可知，这里表示把它从一处搬到另一处的目的是让它得到充足的阳光，give“给”，为动词，表示目的，应用不定式结构。故填to give。 【43题详解】 句意：她希望玫瑰能长得更强壮、更漂亮。根据“and more beautiful”可知，此处表示更强壮，为形容词比较级并列结构，strong“强壮的”，比较级为stronger。故填stronger。 44题详解】 句意：但是玫瑰因为太多的照顾而快要死了。根据“the rose was dying”可知，此处与上文形成转折关系，且句首单词首字母要大写。故填But。 【45题详解】 句意：的确，我的妈妈爱这株玫瑰。此处描述一个客观事实，且主语为第三人称单数，时态为一般现在时，love“爱”，动词第三人称单数形式为loves。故填loves。 Ⅶ. 阅读理解（共10小题；每小题2分, 满分20分） 阅读A、B、C三篇材料，然后从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A In the hallway of Lincoln High School, four students are talking and laughing happily. They are good friends with different personalities. Almost every friend group has a parent. Emily is certainly the most responsible (负责任的) one among her friends. When they hang out with Emily, they don’t need to worry about anything. She always has plans and makes sure things go well. And if someone wants to find a person to talk to, Emily is always there. Alex, however, is a quiet but clever boy. He doesn’t talk much and he usually spends most of his free time reading in the school library, so he does well in exams. When his friends have some difficult problems in study, Alex is often ready to help them out. Liam is a born leader (天生的领导者). He is full of energy and outgoing. He joins all kinds of clubs at school. At the same time, Liam likes to take part in outdoor activities. He often organizes (组织) school trips,cycling races and other interesting games. All the students would like to play with him. Sophia is friendly and kind. She does different volunteer work after school. On weekdays, she visits dogs and cats in an animal hospital, bringing them food. At weekends, she helps clean up the neighbourhood and look after the old people. 46. What do we know about Emily? A. She is good at sports. B. She takes care of others. C. She hardly gives useful advice. D. She likes hanging out with friends. 47. If Jack is interested in outdoor activities, he would turn to ________. A. Emily B. Alex C. Liam D. Sophia 48. Match the people ①-④ with different personalities a-d. ①Emily ②Alex ③Liam ④Sophia a outgoing b. responsible c. quiet but clever d. friendly and kind A. ①—a; ②—d; ③—b; ④—c B. ①—a; ②—b; ③—c; ④—d C. ①—b; ②—c; ③—a; ④—d D. ①—b; ②—d; ③—a; ④—c 【答案】46. B 47. C 48. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了林肯高中四位性格各异的好朋友：负责任且体贴的Emily、安静聪明的Alex、充满活力的领导者Liam以及善良友善的Sophia。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Emily is certainly the most responsible one...if someone wants to find a person to talk to, Emily is always there.”可知Emily很负责，并且总是愿意倾听和帮助朋友，因此“关心他人”符合文意。故选B。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Liam is a born leader...likes to take part in outdoor activities. He often organizes school trips, cycling races and other interesting games.”可知Liam热衷于户外活动并经常组织相关活动。Jack对户外活动感兴趣，他可以找Liam。故选C。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Emily is certainly the most responsible one…”可知Emily有责任感；根据“Alex, however, is a quiet but clever boy.”可知Alex安静但聪明；根据“Liam is a born leader...full of energy and outgoing.”可知Liam很外向；根据“Sophia is friendly and kind.”可知Sophia是友好善良的。故选C。 B ①Do animals communicate with each other? How do they communicate with others? I studied it and, to my surprise, I learned that all animals communicate. They don’t use language, but they send messages to each other. ②Animals communicate with each other usually in three ways: through sounds, smells and body language. The warning (警告) call is one way. When an enemy (敌人) is near, animals send out a warning sound. Others hear it and run to a safe place, or get together to fight the enemy. Whales are famous for their ability to communicate from far away with special sounds. In their own groups, whales understand what they’re saying to each other. ③Smell is another popular way for animals to communicate. Some animals such as the amoeba (变形虫) send out a smell to tell other amoebae it’s going to have babies. Skunks (北美臭鼬) send out a terrible smell when they feel they are in danger. ④Many animals use body language to communicate. Chimpanzees (黑猩猩) touch hands when they meet. A happy dog moves its tail from side to side. Even people understand this form of dog body language. ⑤People have their own ways of communicating, using words and sentences. But if you watch other animals carefully, you will quickly understand that they also have ways of sending their messages. 49. How many ways do animals usually communicate with each other? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. 50. What can skunks do when they feel they are in danger? A. They send out a warning sound. B. They send out a terrible smell. C. They move their tails quickly. D. They run away at once. 51. What’s the structure of the passage? A. ①/②/③④⑤ B. ①②/③④⑤ C. ①/②③④/⑤ D. ①/②③④⑤ 【答案】49. C 50. B 51. C 【解析】 【导语】本文围绕动物是否交流及如何交流展开，提出所有动物都会交流的观点，并详细介绍了动物通过声音、气味和肢体语言三种常见的交流方式，最后将动物交流与人类交流进行对比。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Animals communicate with each other usually in three ways: through sounds, smells and body language.”可知，动物之间交流的常见方式有三种，分别是声音、气味和肢体语言。故选C。 【50题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Skunks send out a terrible smell when they feel they are in danger.”可知，当北美臭鼬感到自己处于危险中时，它们会释放出难闻的气味。故选B。 【51题详解】 篇章结构题。根据短文第①段“I studied it and, to my surprise, I learned that all animals communicate.”提出“所有动物都会交流”的核心观点；第②段“Animals communicate with each other usually in three ways: through sounds, smells and body language.”、第③段“Smell is another popular way for animals to communicate.”、第④段“Many animals use body language to communicate.”分别围绕声音、气味、肢体语言三种方式展开，是对第①段观点的具体分述；第⑤段“People have their own ways of communicating... they also have ways of sending their messages.”将人类与动物交流方式对比，总结全文。各段核心内容明确了段落功能，因此文章结构为①/②③④/⑤。故选C。 C “Wow, these trees are so tall!” William shouted while walking with his classmates in a forest. They were on a field trip as part of a science lesson. Over there, they met the forester, Victor. When William learned Victor lived in a wooden (木头的) house there for years, he laughed at him with his friends. Then, they saw an entrance (入口) to a cave. William wanted to go inside the cave, but his teacher stopped him. The next day, William invited his four friends to the cave together without telling their parents. When they reached the cave, they left their schoolbags outside. One by one, they went into the cave. Just when they took a few steps inside, some rocks from the cave wall fell at the entrance. “How can we get out now?” Sarah shouted. The children were very scared. They started calling for help, but nobody could hear them. Just then, Victor walked past the entrance. Five schoolbags caught his eye. “Who’s in there?” Victor shouted. “I'm William! We came here yesterday with our teacher!” William answered quickly. “Help us, please!” “Okay, children!” Victor said. “I’ll help you get out!” Victor rushed home. After a little while, Victor got back with tools. Then, he dug (挖) through the rocks. A few minutes later, William and his friends could see the light through the cave’s entrance. That made them excited. Soon the children walked outside the cave. Later, their parents arrived. The group said sorry to their parents, and turned to Victor. “Victor, we are also very sorry for laughing at you yesterday.” 52. Why did William and his friends laugh at Victor at the beginning? A. He was old and poor. B. His clothes were dirty. C. He lived alone. D. His living environment(环境) was poor. 53. How did the children’s feelings change? A Sorry→afraid→excited. B. Afraid→sorry→excited. C. Afraid→excited→sorry. D. Sorry→excited→afraid. 54. What might William do after this experience? A. He might plan another cave trip with his friends. B. He might ask his parents to build a great house for Victor. C. He might learn about foresters’ lives and think highly of them. D. He might show great interest in science and study hard. 55. What does the text want to tell us? A. Do as the teachers say. B. Improve the ability to solve problems. C. Learn to protect ourselves in the forest. D. Don't laugh at others when knowing them little. 【答案】52. D 53. C 54. C 55. D 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了William和同学们在森林实地考察时，因护林员Victor居住在木头房子里而嘲笑他，后来William和朋友私自进入洞穴被困，最终被Victor救下，他们为此向Victor道歉的故事。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据“When William learned Victor lived in a wooden house there for years, he laughed at him with his friends.”可知，William和朋友们嘲笑Victor是因为Victor居住在森林里的木头房子里，即他的居住环境较差。故选D。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据“The children were very scared.”，“A few minutes later, William and his friends could see the light through the cave’s entrance. That made them excited.”，“Victor, we are also very sorry for laughing at you yesterday.”可知，孩子们的情绪变化是先害怕，看到出口光线后变得兴奋，最后向Victor道歉时充满歉意。故选C。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据“When William learned Victor lived in a wooden house there for years, he laughed at him with his friends.”以及“Victor said. ‘I’ll help you get out!’ Victor rushed home... he dug through the rocks.”“Victor, we are also very sorry for laughing at you yesterday.”可知，William曾因Victor的居住环境嘲笑他，但Victor在他们被困洞穴时不计前嫌，主动回家取工具挖开岩石救人，这份善意让William等人真诚道歉。由此可推，经历这件事后，William可能会主动去了解护林员的生活，不再以表面环境评判他人，进而对护林员产生敬意。故选C。 【55题详解】 主旨大意题。本文旨在说明不要在不了解他人的情况下随意嘲笑或判断他们。故选D。 Ⅷ. 阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 One of the most popular flowers in the world is the sunflower. It mainly grows in North America, but now it can be seen in many places around the world. Sunflowers are easy to recognize (辨认). They have large, yellow petals (花瓣) and a brown center. What’s special about sunflowers is that they always face the sun. In the morning, they turn to the east, and as the sun moves, they follow it. This is why they are called “sunflowers”. Sunflowers can grow very tall. Some can reach a height of more than three meters. People often grow them in fields or gardens. People also call it a “useful flower”. Sunflower seeds are delicious and healthy. Many people like to eat them as a snack. They can also be used to make oil. The oil is used in cooking and making soap. Besides, sunflower plants can be used as animal feed. However, sunflowers need a lot of sunlight. If they don't get enough sun, they won't grow well. Also, they need rich soil to grow tall and strong. So, when planting sunflowers, people should choose a good place. 56. Where does the sunflower mainly grow? _______________________________________ 57. What do sunflowers look like? _______________________________________ 58. How tall can some sunflowers grow? _______________________________________ 59. What two things do sunflowers need to grow tall and strong? _______________________________________ 60. Do you think sunflowers are wonderful? Why or why not? _______________________________________ 【答案】56. It mainly grows in North America./In North America. 57. They have large, yellow petals and a brown center. 58. More than three meters./They can reach a height of more than three meters./They can grow to a height of more than three meters. 59. They need a lot of sunlight and rich soil./A lot of sunlight and rich soil. 60. Yes. Because they are beautiful, useful, and have a special way of following the sun. (答案不唯一，合理即可) 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了向日葵的主要产地、外形特征、名称由来、实用价值以及生长所需的条件，展现了向日葵的独特与实用。 【56题详解】 根据“One of the most popular flowers in the world is the sunflower. It mainly grows in North America”可知，向日葵主要生长在北美洲，故填It mainly grows in North America./In North America. 【57题详解】 根据“Sunflowers are easy to recognize. They have large, yellow petals and a brown center.”可知，向日葵有着大而黄的花瓣和棕色的花盘，故填They have large, yellow petals and a brown center. 【58题详解】 根据“Sunflowers can grow very tall. Some can reach a height of more than three meters.”可知，有些向日葵能长到三米多高，故填More than three meters./They can reach a height of more than three meters./They can grow to a height of more than three meters. 【59题详解】 根据“However, sunflowers need a lot of sunlight.”和“Also, they need rich soil to grow tall and strong.”可知，向日葵长得高大健壮需要充足的阳光和肥沃的土壤，故填They need a lot of sunlight and rich soil./A lot of sunlight and rich soil. 【60题详解】 开放性试题，言之有理即可。根据“They have large, yellow petals and a brown center. What's special about sunflowers is that they always face the sun.”以及“People also call it a 'useful flower'.”可知，向日葵既美丽独特又具有多种用途，因此可以说它很出色，故填Yes. Because they are beautiful, useful, and have a special way of following the sun. (答案不唯一，合理即可) Ⅸ.情景交际（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据下面的对话情景,在横线处填入一个适当的句子,使对话的意思连贯、完整。 (Jack and Lily are talking about their winter holiday.) Lily: Hi, Jack. _________61_________ Jack: It was pretty quiet. I stayed at home during the winter holiday. Lily: Really? Didn't you go out and do anything fun? Jack: Well, I did go skiing with my family once._________62_________ Lily: I went to Shanghai. Jack: That sounds exciting! _________63_________ Lily: I visited Disneyland and the Huangpu Bridge. I also took a lot of cool photos. Jack: May I have a look at your photos? Lily: _________64_________ I’ll bring them to school tomorrow and then you can have a look. Jack: Thanks, Lily. _________65_________ 【答案】61. How was your winter holiday? 62. What about you?/What did you do?/Where did you go during your winter holiday? 63. What did you do in Shanghai/there? 64. Of course./Certainly./Sure. 65. I am looking forward to enjoying the pictures./Goodbye./See you. 【解析】 【导语】本文主要是Jack和Lily之间的对话，两人围绕各自的寒假生活展开交流，分享了假期的经历与见闻。 【61题详解】 根据下文Jack的回答“It was pretty quiet. I stayed at home during the winter holiday.”可知，此处Lily应是询问Jack的寒假过得怎么样。故填How was your winter holiday? 【62题详解】 根据上文Jack分享自己寒假去滑雪的经历，以及下文Lily的回答“I went to Shanghai.”可知，此处Jack应是转而询问Lily的寒假安排或去向。故填What about you?/ What did you do?/Where did you go during your winter holiday? 【63题详解】 根据上文Lily提到自己去了上海，以及下文Lily的回答“I visited Disneyland and the Huangpu Bridge.”可知，此处Jack应是询问Lily在上海做了什么。故填What did you do in Shanghai/there? 【64题详解】 根据上文Jack询问“May I have a look at your photos?”以及下文Lily表示明天带照片到学校让Jack看，可知此处Lily应是同意了Jack的请求。故填Of course./Certainly./Sure. 【65题详解】 根据上文Lily同意让Jack看照片并会带来学校，结合日常对话逻辑，此处Jack应是表达期待之情或礼貌道别。故填I am looking forward to enjoying the pictures./Goodbye./See you. Ⅹ.书面表达（满分15分） 66. 随着社会的变化，越来越多的人认为中学生应当掌握基本的生活技能。假如你是李明，请你根据以下思维导图提示，写一篇演讲稿。 注意： 1. 可在思维导图内容提示的基础上适当拓展信息； 2. 不得在作文中出现真实校名、地名和学生的真实姓名； 3. 语句连贯，词数80左右。开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：independence独立；responsibility责任 More Skills, Better Life Good morning, dear all, I am happy to give a talk today. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thanks for your listening! 【答案】例文 More Skills, Better Life Good morning, dear all, I am happy to give a talk today. As society changes, more and more people believe that middle school students should master basic life skills. I quite agree with the idea. As for me, I can cook meals and wash my clothes. It is of great importance to have some living skills. When our parents are busy, we can take good care of ourselves. What’s more, it can help build independence and responsibility as well. Let’s learn more skills and enjoy our lives. Thanks for your listening! 【解析】 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇演讲稿； ②时态：主要为“一般现在时”； ③提示：围绕“中学生应掌握生活技能”这一核心观点展开，明确表达了对该观点的认同，结合自身情况阐述了生活技能的重要性，并发出倡议。 [写作步骤] 第一步，开篇点明演讲主题，明确表达对“中学生应掌握基本生活技能”的认同，并结合自身“会做饭、会洗衣服”的情况引出下文； 第二步，详细阐述掌握生活技能的重要性，从“父母忙碌时能照顾自己”和“培养独立性与责任感”两个方面进行论述，支撑核心观点； 第三步，发出倡议，呼应主题，同时以感谢语结束演讲。 [亮点词汇] ①master掌握 ②basic基本的 ③independence独立性 ④responsibility责任感 [高分句型] ①It is of great importance to have some living skills. (It is of great importance to do sth句型) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年度第一学期期中质量检测 八年级英语试题 （满分100分，考试时间90分钟） 听力部分 I.听句子，选择该句的最佳答语。（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. It was great. B. I’m reading a book. C. By bus. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Yes, I’d love to. B. It doesn’t matter. C. In the living room. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. I like pandas best. B. They’re from China. C. They’re amazing. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Not at all. B. I agree with you. C. It’s sunny. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. About two weeks. B. Last month. C. In Beijing. Ⅱ.听对话和问题，选择正确答案。（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 听对话，回答小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 6. Where did Tom go on holiday? A. To the beach. B. To the mountains. C. To his grandparents’ home. 7. What was the weather like there? A. Hot and sunny. B. Cool and rainy. C. Cold and snowy. 8. What did Tom like best during the holiday? A. Swimming. B. Flying kites. C. Hiking. 听对话，回答小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 9 What are they talking about? A. Their favorite animals. B. Their homework. C. A movie. 10. Why does the boy like giraffes? A. Because they are funny. B. Because they are tall and beautiful. C. Because they run fast. 听对话，回答小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. Where is the boy’s new house? A. Next to a park. B. Next to a school. C. Behind a library. 12. How does the girl go to school? A. By bike. B. On foot. C. By bus. 听对话，回答小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 13. What did the boy lose? A. His wallet. B. His watch. C. His key. 14. Where does he think he lost it? A. On the playground. B. In the dining hall. C. In the classroom. 15. Who helped him find it? A. His teacher. B. His classmate. C. His mother. Ⅲ.听短文和问题，选择正确答案。（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 听短文，回答小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 16. What did Mike do last Sunday? A. Went to the zoo. B. Visited a farm. C. Stayed at home. 17. What did he think of the day? A. Tiring. B. Interesting. C. Boring. 听短文，回答小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 18. Where do pandas live in China according to the passage? A. In the east. B. In the south. C. In the southwest. 19. What is the main reason for pandas becoming fewer in number? A. They don’t have enough food. B. They get sick easily. C. They lose their homes. 20. What are scientists doing to help pandas? A. Building new zoos for them. B. Planting more bamboo and protecting their forests. C. Sending them to other countries. Ⅳ. 听短文填空。（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 21. The weather in Sanya was ____________. 22. The hotel has a ____________ to relax. 23. The two kinds of plants are different, but they both have green ____________. 24. The special plant can ____________ insects for food. 25. The holiday in Sanya was ____________. 笔试部分 Ⅴ. 完型填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） Home is not just a house where we live. It is special and magical. At home, we build our dreams. We can think about what we are going to be. Maybe we want to be a teacher ___26___ a doctor. We can study and learn at home. We can read books and draw pictures. We can talk to our family about our dreams. Home is where our dreams ___27___. We feel comfortable at home. We can feel love and warmth. We can be ourselves and say everything ___28___. We feel accepted and helped there. At home we learn to listen, care and share. When we have a box of delicious cookies, we share them with our family members. We give some to our brother or sister and see the ___29___ on their faces. When someone in the family doesn’t feel well, we learn to ___30___ them. We bring ___31___ a glass of water. When our parents talk about their day, we learn to listen ___32___. Home is also a place of growing. It’s where we take our first steps and say our first words. It’s where we have our first experiences and make our first ___33___. Home is where we find our interest. We are not afraid to try anything in this place. As we grow older, home becomes a safe place away from the stress of the world. We always ___34___ peace there. Home is not just a place; it is a feeling that ___35___ us together. 26 A. or B. and C. but D. so 27. A. break B. end C. stop D. start 28. A. quickly B. slowly C. badly D. freely 29. A. tears B. smiles C. anger D. sadness 30. A. look after B. look for C. look at D. look up 31. A. him B. her C. them D. us 32. A. easily B. carefully C. loudly D. carelessly 33. A. plans B. problems C. ideas D. memories 34. A. forget B. lose C. find D. avoid 35. A. pushes B. takes C. sends D. brings Ⅵ. 短文填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） “What’s the matter, Mum?” When I came home yesterday, I found my mother was ____36____ (happy). It was unusual because she usually opened the door and welcomed me with ____37____ smile. “She’s dying,” Mum said ____38____ (sad). I knew what she meant. The rose, my ____39____ (mother) favourite, was dying. A month ago, we moved into our new house and Mum ____40____ (buy) a very beautiful rose. Mum liked it very much. Every time she was free, she would water it many ____41____ (time) and move it from one place to another ____42____ (give) the rose enough sunshine. She hoped the rose would become ____43____ (strong) and more beautiful. ____44____ the rose was dying because of too much care. It’s true that my mother ____45____ (love) the rose. But this kind of love can be harmful (有害的). Love can sometimes kill what you love. Ⅶ. 阅读理解（共10小题；每小题2分, 满分20分） 阅读A、B、C三篇材料，然后从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A In the hallway of Lincoln High School, four students are talking and laughing happily. They are good friends with different personalities. Almost every friend group has a parent. Emily is certainly the most responsible (负责任的) one among her friends. When they hang out with Emily, they don’t need to worry about anything. She always has plans and makes sure things go well. And if someone wants to find a person to talk to, Emily is always there. Alex, however, is a quiet but clever boy. He doesn’t talk much and he usually spends most of his free time reading in the school library, so he does well in exams. When his friends have some difficult problems in study, Alex is often ready to help them out. Liam is a born leader (天生的领导者). He is full of energy and outgoing. He joins all kinds of clubs at school. At the same time, Liam likes to take part in outdoor activities. He often organizes (组织) school trips,cycling races and other interesting games. All the students would like to play with him. Sophia is friendly and kind. She does different volunteer work after school. On weekdays, she visits dogs and cats in an animal hospital, bringing them food. At weekends, she helps clean up the neighbourhood and look after the old people. 46. What do we know about Emily? A. She is good at sports. B. She takes care of others. C. She hardly gives useful advice. D. She likes hanging out with friends. 47. If Jack is interested in outdoor activities, he would turn to ________. A. Emily B. Alex C. Liam D. Sophia 48. Match the people ①-④ with different personalities a-d. ①Emily ②Alex ③Liam ④Sophia a. outgoing b. responsible c. quiet but clever d. friendly and kind A. ①—a; ②—d; ③—b; ④—c B. ①—a; ②—b; ③—c; ④—d C. ①—b; ②—c; ③—a; ④—d D. ①—b; ②—d; ③—a; ④—c B ①Do animals communicate with each other? How do they communicate with others? I studied it and, to my surprise, I learned that all animals communicate. They don’t use language, but they send messages to each other. ②Animals communicate with each other usually in three ways: through sounds, smells and body language. The warning (警告) call is one way. When an enemy (敌人) is near, animals send out a warning sound. Others hear it and run to a safe place, or get together to fight the enemy. Whales are famous for their ability to communicate from far away with special sounds. In their own groups, whales understand what they’re saying to each other. ③Smell is another popular way for animals to communicate. Some animals such as the amoeba (变形虫) send out a smell to tell other amoebae it’s going to have babies. Skunks (北美臭鼬) send out a terrible smell when they feel they are in danger. ④Many animals use body language to communicate. Chimpanzees (黑猩猩) touch hands when they meet. A happy dog moves its tail from side to side. Even people understand this form of dog body language. ⑤People have their own ways of communicating, using words and sentences. But if you watch other animals carefully, you will quickly understand that they also have ways of sending their messages. 49. How many ways do animals usually communicate with each other? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. 50. What can skunks do when they feel they are in danger? A. They send out a warning sound. B. They send out a terrible smell. C. They move their tails quickly. D. They run away at once. 51. What’s the structure of the passage? A. ①/②/③④⑤ B. ①②/③④⑤ C. ①/②③④/⑤ D. ①/②③④⑤ C “Wow, these trees are so tall!” William shouted while walking with his classmates in a forest. They were on a field trip as part of a science lesson. Over there, they met the forester, Victor. When William learned Victor lived in a wooden (木头的) house there for years, he laughed at him with his friends. Then, they saw an entrance (入口) to a cave. William wanted to go inside the cave, but his teacher stopped him. The next day, William invited his four friends to the cave together without telling their parents. When they reached the cave, they left their schoolbags outside. One by one, they went into the cave. Just when they took a few steps inside, some rocks from the cave wall fell at the entrance. “How can we get out now?” Sarah shouted. The children were very scared. They started calling for help, but nobody could hear them. Just then, Victor walked past the entrance. Five schoolbags caught his eye. “Who’s in there?” Victor shouted. “I'm William! We came here yesterday with our teacher!” William answered quickly. “Help us, please!” “Okay, children!” Victor said. “I’ll help you get out!” Victor rushed home. After a little while, Victor got back with tools. Then, he dug (挖) through the rocks. A few minutes later, William and his friends could see the light through the cave’s entrance. That made them excited. Soon the children walked outside the cave. Later, their parents arrived. The group said sorry to their parents, and turned to Victor. “Victor, we are also very sorry for laughing at you yesterday.” 52. Why did William and his friends laugh at Victor at the beginning? A. He was old and poor. B. His clothes were dirty. C. He lived alone. D. His living environment(环境) was poor. 53. How did the children’s feelings change? A. Sorry→afraid→excited. B. Afraid→sorry→excited. C. Afraid→excited→sorry. D. Sorry→excited→afraid. 54. What might William do after this experience? A. He might plan another cave trip with his friends. B. He might ask his parents to build a great house for Victor. C. He might learn about foresters’ lives and think highly of them. D. He might show great interest in science and study hard. 55. What does the text want to tell us? A. Do as the teachers say. B. Improve the ability to solve problems. C Learn to protect ourselves in the forest. D. Don't laugh at others when knowing them little. Ⅷ. 阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 One of the most popular flowers in the world is the sunflower. It mainly grows in North America, but now it can be seen in many places around the world. Sunflowers are easy to recognize (辨认). They have large, yellow petals (花瓣) and a brown center. What’s special about sunflowers is that they always face the sun. In the morning, they turn to the east, and as the sun moves, they follow it. This is why they are called “sunflowers”. Sunflowers can grow very tall. Some can reach a height of more than three meters. People often grow them in fields or gardens. People also call it a “useful flower”. Sunflower seeds are delicious and healthy. Many people like to eat them as a snack. They can also be used to make oil. The oil is used in cooking and making soap. Besides, sunflower plants can be used as animal feed. However, sunflowers need a lot of sunlight. If they don't get enough sun, they won't grow well. Also, they need rich soil to grow tall and strong. So, when planting sunflowers, people should choose a good place. 56. Where does the sunflower mainly grow? _______________________________________ 57. What do sunflowers look like? _______________________________________ 58. How tall can some sunflowers grow? _______________________________________ 59. What two things do sunflowers need to grow tall and strong? _______________________________________ 60. Do you think sunflowers are wonderful? Why or why not? _______________________________________ Ⅸ.情景交际（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据下面对话情景,在横线处填入一个适当的句子,使对话的意思连贯、完整。 (Jack and Lily are talking about their winter holiday.) Lily: Hi, Jack. _________61_________ Jack: It was pretty quiet. I stayed at home during the winter holiday. Lily: Really? Didn't you go out and do anything fun? Jack: Well, I did go skiing with my family once._________62_________ Lily: I went to Shanghai. Jack: That sounds exciting! _________63_________ Lily: I visited Disneyland and the Huangpu Bridge. I also took a lot of cool photos. Jack: May I have a look at your photos? Lily: _________64_________ I’ll bring them to school tomorrow and then you can have a look. Jack: Thanks, Lily. _________65_________ Ⅹ.书面表达（满分15分） 66. 随着社会的变化，越来越多的人认为中学生应当掌握基本的生活技能。假如你是李明，请你根据以下思维导图提示，写一篇演讲稿。 注意： 1. 可在思维导图内容提示的基础上适当拓展信息； 2. 不得在作文中出现真实校名、地名和学生的真实姓名； 3. 语句连贯，词数80左右。开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：independence独立；responsibility责任 More Skills, Better Life Good morning, dear all, I am happy to give a talk today. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thanks for your listening! 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $