福建省莆田第四中学2024-2025学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题

2024-2025学年莆田四中高一上学期期末考试卷

英语试题

第二部分  阅读（共两节，满分 60 分）

第一节（共 19 小题，每小题 2.5 分，满分 47.5 分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Boston University Summer Term High School Programs

Details

Session Start: June, July

Session Length: Two Weeks, Three Weeks, Six Weeks

Entering Grade: 9th to 12th

Minimum (最低的) Cost: $1,500-$2,999

Call: (617) 353-1378

Overview

Boston University Summer Term High School Programs invite you to experience pre-college summer study at one of the world’s top teaching and research universities.

With  four programs  to  choose  from,  you  can  earn  college  credits,  discover  new  subject  areas, perform research in university labs, or improve yourself through hands-on learning. You will have the opportunity to push yourself academically while experiencing college life and making friends with other students from 87 countries.

Session Information

● High School Honors — Rising seniors and outstanding rising juniors take undergraduate courses and earn up to 8 college credits. Six weeks — July 2-August 15.

● Research in Science and Engineering (RISE) — Rising seniors conduct university-level research with some of the nation’s brightest minds. Six weeks — July 2-August 11.

● Academic Immersion (AIM) — Rising juniors and seniors focus on one subject, combining classroom work with hands-on experiential learning. Three track options: Introduction to Experimental Psychology (心理学), Introduction to Medicine, or Creative Writing. Three weeks — Psychology: July 2-July 21; Medicine, or Creative Writing: July 23-August 11.

● Summer Challenge — Rising sophomores (二年级学生), juniors, and seniors explore two subjects of their choice and experience college life. Two weeks — Session  1: June 18-June 30; Session 2: July 9-July 21;

Session 3: July 23-August 4.

21. What do we know about the programs?

A. They are free of charge.                         B. They run from June to July.

C. They prepare students for college life.             D. They are aimed at US high school students.

22. Who can take part in all four programs?

A. Rising freshmen.                               B. Rising sophomores.

C. Rising juniors.                                 D. Rising seniors.

23. Which program should a student choose to learn about the study of illness?

A. High School Honors.                         B. Research in Science and Engineering.

C. Academic Immersion.                          D. Summer Challenge.

B

The student arrived early ,   sat front and center, and stood out in my classroom in more ways than one. I’d say that he was about 40 years older than his classmates in my undergraduate communications class. He hungrily

jumped into class discussions, with his humor and wisdom of experience. And he was always respectful of the other students’ perspectives, as if each of them were a teacher. Jerry Valencia walked in with a smile—and he left with one too.

“These students gave me the confidence that I didn’t need to feel bad about my age,” Valencia says.

One day I spotted Valencia on campus. He  said he would have to  stop taking classes that semester and reapply for next year. By then, he hoped to have earned enough money and have his student-loan papers in order. He asked seriously whether he could still sit in on my communications class.

Sure, I said. But he wouldn’t get any credit.

No problem, he said.

Soon there he was again, back at his old desk, jumping into our discussions on how to find and tell stories in Los Angeles—a 63-year-old man with as much energy and curiosity as any of the youngsters in class.

A lot of Valencia’s classmates apparently knew he couldn’t afford that semester’s tuition but was still doing the homework. “Here he is, willingly taking a class for the delight of it and benefit of learning,”says Jessica Espinosa, a 25-year-old junior. Afterward, I overheard Valencia wanted to stay in school until he earned a master’s degree, but it had taken him 12 years to finish community college, so he had a long way to go.

There is something splendidly unreasonable about Valencia’s determination to get a four-year degree and then a master’s. At his current pace, he’ll be 90 when he finally hangs all that paper on the wall. But that doesn’t

seem especially relevant. He’s found all the youthful energy and academic opportunity stimulating. Valencia’s grade in my class this semester will not show up on his transcripts (成绩单). But I’m giving him an A—and in the most important ways, it counts.

24. What made Valencia different from his classmates?

A. He was respectful to the teacher.               B. He activated the class atmosphere.

C. He was anxious to learn despite his age.          D. He often put forward different opinions.

25. According to the author, why did Valencia continue to attend classes?

A. He treasured the chance of learning.             B. He wished to show his determination.

C. He needed the credits to further his study.         D. He desired to have an A on his transcripts.

26. Which of the following best describes Valencia?

A. Powerful and independent.                     B. Energetic and generous.

C. Positive and determined.                      D. Considerate and knowledgeable.

27. What can we learn from the passage?

A. No pains, no gains.                           B. It is never too old to learn.

C. Strike the iron while it is hot.                   D. Where there is life, there is hope.

C

If you think shopping online is more eco-friendly than driving to a store ，think again.

It may sound strange, but the more eco-friendly way to shop is going to a physical store rather than by making  purchases  online  from  companies  that   don’t  have  physical   stores,  according  to   a  new  report  in Environmental  Science& Technology, a peer-reviewed  scientific journal published by the American Chemical Society.

In the study, researchers estimated that shopping at physical stores for frequently bought items such as toilet paper, shampoo and toothpaste, often results in less greenhouse gas emissions (排放) than ordering the products from a company that only sells through the Internet.

The main reason is because of how people shop online: Many buy items online frequently — but they only buy a few items per purchase. “When they shop in a store, they aggregate these items in a single large purchase,” noted Sadegh Shahmohammadi, one of six researchers who worked on the year-and-a-half long study.

“Frequent online purchases produce more packaging waste, and online items tend to come from different delivery centers. Both factors result in higher greenhouse gas emissions per item,” said Shahmohammadi.

The team modeled their research on the movement of goods from the factory all the way through to the end consumer. They then specifically focused on the part of the retail supply chain (零售供应链) called “the last mile”

delivery: the distance between a store to a customer, or in the case of online shopping, the distance between the distribution center for the goods to the customer.

The analysis showed that total greenhouse gas footprints per item purchased were higher from physical stores than  those  from bricks&  clicks  (when  people  order  online  and  a  physical  store  delivers  the  items  to  them) purchases in 63% of the shopping events but lower than those of pure players (strictly online sellers) in 81% of shopping events.

28. What’s the author’s purpose in mentioning the new report?

A. To recommend a strange shopping habit.       B. To introduce a respected scientific journal.

C. To analyze online shopping.                D. To prove the advantage of offline shopping.

29. What does the underlined word “aggregate” in paragraph 4 mean?

A. Combine.       B. Produce.          C. Divide.            D. Check.

30. What can we learn about “the last mile” delivery?

A. It is designed by the research team.                B. It is managed by the factories.

C. It causes high greenhouse gas emissions.           D. It influences the total greenhouse gas footprints.

31. According to the analysis, which is probably the most eco-friendly way to shop?

A. Buying at physical stores.                       B. Buying from bricks & clicks.

C. Buying from pure players.                       D. Buying a few items per time.

D

Having trouble falling asleep? It’s common to complain or accuse the phone that’s just inches from your face and the constant updates you keep scrolling through as you lie in bed. But the idea that the blue light from your smartphone is what’s keeping you awake isn’t quite right.

While blue-or short-wavelength light — such as daylight or that emitted (发出) by tech — does affect our body’s internal clock, things are less clear-cut than we often think.

“Sleep is a very complex process,” says Stuart Peirson, a professor of circadian neuroscience (昼夜节律神经科学) at Oxford University.

He explains that the part of our eyes that tells our brain when it’s time to be awake is triggered by cells that absorb blue light. However, it’s also triggered by cells that absorb longer wavelengths of light (such as red). This means it’s not the color of the light that’s the problem, it’s the brightness and length of time we’re exposed to it. The screens of our phones, in fact, are not very bright.

Sunlight is 1,000 times brighter than the average light emitted by a phone. Room lighting is, on average,  10 times brighter. This is why turning off the big light as you get ready for bed can help you feel sleepier.

“Technically, blue light from smartphones can affect sleep,” says Peirson. “But these effects are small unless you are using your phone for hours with a very bright screen and already have sleep problems.” In studies done at Harvard University, even using an e-reader with the brightness turned up for four hours only caused a small delay in falling asleep — just 10 minutes. In fact, your sleep is more likely to be affected by the kinds of content you’re looking at.

If you think light is impacting your sleep, Peirson says you don’t need to spend money on special“blue-light blocking” glasses. Instead, he suggests decreasing your screen time and turning down the brightness on your phone.

32. What commonly results in trouble falling asleep?

A. The brightness of room lighting.                  B. The constant updates on smartphones.

C. The content on electronic devices.                D. The colors of the light from electronic screens.

33. What does Stuart Peirson say about how light affects sleep?