2026届高三英语二轮复习培优班精深阅读满分策略解题技巧知识清单

该高中英语高考复习知识清单聚焦精深阅读满分策略，涵盖干扰项排除、情感色彩判断、逻辑简化等核心解题技巧，通过原则解析、技巧归纳与例题应用，构建从方法到实践的完整知识体系。 清单以分类呈现知识要点，如“例子非答案”标注标志词与选项特征，“褒贬一致”分类情感色彩词，培养学生思维品质与学习能力。设“图片记忆法”等实用技巧，例题解析标注易错点（如例子细节干扰项），助力学生自主高效复习，为教师教学提供系统指导。

2026届高三年级英语二轮专题培优班 精深阅读满分策略解题技巧知识清单 学生用 高三英语组 制定人、核准人： 李老师 龙老师 2025年12月31日发布 一、例子非答案 在高中英语阅读理解中，“例子非答案”是一条重要的解题原则，其核心逻辑在于：例子本身通常不是命题人考查的本质，而是为了论证某个观点或主题。那么我们应该如何运用这个技巧来识别干扰项呢？ 1. 例子的标志词 文中出现以下词汇时，后文常接例子： For example, For instance, Take...as an example, Such as, Like 具体人名、地名、事件(如 In 2023, a study by Harvard University found...) 2. 选项特征：仅谈例子细节 若选项描述的是例子中的具体人物、时间、事件细节，而未涉及例子支撑的观点，则大概率为错误选项。 3. 对比：正确答案的特征 正确答案应该对应例子所支撑的观点句(通常在例子前或后，多为段落首句、末句或转折句)。 总之，例子是手段，观点是目的。解题时需透过例子找背后的观点，避免被具体细节干扰。当选项仅涉及例子中的人物、事件、数据时，除非题目明确考查细节，否则通常为错误选项，正确答案应指向例子支撑的主旨或观点。 二、褒贬一致 在高中英语阅读理解中，“褒贬一致”是快速解题的核心原则之一，其本质是通过判断文章的情感色彩与选项的情感倾向是否一致来排除干扰项。正确答案的情感色彩必须与原文一致，若与原文矛盾，则直接排除。以下是一些常见的情感色彩词。 褒义词：positive, favorable, supportive, excellent, beneficial, praise, admire, appreciate 贬义词：negative, critical, skeptical, harmful, disapproving, condemn, criticize, ridiculous 中性词：neutral, objective, describe, introduce 还要注意的是转折后的情感重点。若文中出现“Although A, B”，那么情感重点在B。 例如：Although the product was praised for its innovative design, it failed to meet safety standards, causing numerous complaints from users.(前褒后贬，重点在贬。) 三、画蛇添足 “画蛇添足”是出题人设置迷惑选项的常见手段。它是指在原文基础上额外添加信息(往往是表示范围，时间，程度的词)或使用绝对化词汇，从而干扰考生的判断。常见的画蛇添足词有：always, never, all, completely, definitely, only, directly, merely等。 形容词、副词还有介词短语 四、图片记忆法 “图片记忆法”指在做题时，先迅速提炼选项中的核心词（名词、动词），这些核心词通常是对文章内容的概括提炼。接着将这些核心词通过联想串成具体、形象的图片，借助人脑对图像更强的记忆能力，在回读文章时依据脑海中的图片快速定位到相关内容。注意：联想画面必须与选项核心词直接相关，而非主观发散。 五、逻辑简化 “逻辑简化”主要是针对复杂文章和复杂逻辑进行简化处理，这一技巧可以通过“三问法”来实现，即明确主旨、判断态度褒贬以及分析文章结构，具体如下： 一问：主旨是什么? 精准捕捉文章主旨是我们理解全文、攻克题目难关的首要任务。判断主旨不仅可以通过阅读文章来实现，还可以通过分析题目来获得线索。仔细研读题干及选项，能提前预判文章大致走向与核心要点。在具体解题环节，通过选项的核心名词定位相关内容，然后关注动词所体现的逻辑关系，则能够简化文章的逻辑。 二问：态度褒贬 作者的态度对理解文章深层次的含义至关重要。文章中的形容词、副词以及表达态度观点类的动词，如say、suggest、advocate、argue、illustrate等词语都是作者态度的体现。明确作者态度后，可据此排除与作者态度不符的选项。例如，若作者对某事物持积极态度，那么完全否定或过度夸大消极影响的选项就不正确。 三问：文章结构 文章结构反映作者的写作思路和内容组织方式，可以帮助我们更好地把握信息间的逻辑关系。这里要就要结合“题文同序”这个概念，即通常阅读理解的出题顺序和文章的顺序是一致的。因此，题目实际上可以辅助我们快速了解文章的结构。以说明文为例，其常见的结构是：引出话题、事件分析、发展应用。 以上这“三问”有助于考生更全面、深入地理解文章和选项的逻辑关系，实现对复杂信息的简化，提高阅读理解的准确性和效率。 六、因果选果 “因果选果”是指在阅读理解中，当遇到两个选项互为因果关系时，一般情况下选择表示结果的选项，除非题目明确要求选择原因。这是因为： (1)多数阅读理解题目在考查因果关系时，更侧重于让考生理解某个原因所导致的最终结果，以检验考生对文章整体逻辑和信息的把握能力。 (2)原因是主旨的铺垫：虽然原因是引发结果的前提，但在一些文章中，原因的阐述往往是为了引出结果，是对主旨的铺垫。 (3)结果更能体现主旨：文章的主旨通常是围绕着某个核心事件或现象的发展及其影响来展开的，结果往往与文章主旨的关联更为紧密，更能体现文章想要传达的主要信息。 例1： 100 Things We've Lost to the Internet is a fun read for those of us who share some of Paul's memories and experiences. We remember what it was like and we like to remember. The landscape has shifted, and no doubt it will shift again as technology's advancement continues apace. This book serves as a reminder of the simple truth that when gains are made, sometimes something is lost. 1. What conclusion has the author drawn after reading Paul's book? A.Things in the past are better. B.There're no gains without pains. C.The internet is a double-edged sword. D.Technology is constantly changing the world. 例2： :That's why this issue (期) of Writer's Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you're doing. If it's short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work. 2. Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims? A.To give examples of great novelists. B.To stress the theme of this issue. C.To encourage writing for the magazine. D.To recommend their new books. 例3 Of many refreshing aspects of this book, one is that Hayhoe recounts both her successes and her failures to communicate, through which she has gathered evidence about what works and what does not. Much of the book's advice is common sense, all backed up not just by Hayhoe's experience but also with convincing research by psychologists and social scientists. 3. Which of the following best describes the advice in the book? A.Serious and challenging. B.Well-based and workable. C.Approachable but one-sided. D.Practical but unacknowledged. 例4 Between 2021 and 2022, global greenhouse gas emissions grew about 1%, the analysis finds. Emissions need to fall as quickly as possible to avoid catastrophic climate impacts such as uncontrollable sea level rise, unsurvivable heat in some areas and mass extinction of plants and animals. 4. What does the underlined word “catastrophic” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A.Limited. B.Invisible. C.Ruinous. D.Controllable. 套题讲解 For most workaday purposes machine translation (MT) has got much better in the past five years or so. The biggest source of improvement has been the use of “deep learning” in training such systems, which are meant to copy the action of a brain’s neurons（神经元）. And improvement in automated（自动化的）translation has also come about through an emergence of clever companies solving individual tasks. Some have created specialist dictionaries so that important terms can be translated accurately and consistently. An entire MT engine can now be trained only on data from a professional domain (such as law or medicine), improving accuracy further. This means many human translators spend most of their time checking and improving MT output, rather than doing most of the translating themselves. Being a machine’s editor may sound depressing. For some translators, indeed it is. However, this can be seen the other way round. A human repeatedly translating identical formulae is in principle little different from a machine trained to do the same.Allowing the machine to do the easy bits — the chunks that are translated the same way, over and over — frees the translator to apply specialized linguistic and subject-matter knowledge, solving more intellectually satisfying problems. This is especially obvious in legal translation. For example, the proper translation of the Spanish word “dolo” into English is “willful misconduct”, but the software simply translates it as “malice（恶意）”. Since the law in question considerably increases penalties（处罚）when the misconduct is “willful”, the mistranslation can be potentially disastrous and could only have been caught by someone with the right combination of legal and linguistic expertise. That technology has completely changed translation is nothing new. Many translators have been silently relying on computers for years. What is newer is the willingness of translation firms, and individual translators, to be out and proud about using MT. Part of the job becomes knowing what can be automated and what cannot. Invoices（发票）and instruction books can be left to MT, but a novel legal argument needs to be almost entirely translated by hand. This is impossible for someone who merely knows Spanish and English and took a few translation classes. The bad news for some translators is that a tap of repeatable, easy work is being turned off. The good news is that what remains will be brain-challenging stuff for people who have a knowledge of a language and something else. 32. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about translation companies? A. There is a fierce competition between them. B. There are many problems for them to solve. C. They are trying to improve machine translation. D. They are replacing human translators with machine translation. 33. What does the author say about humans being a machine’s editor? A. They might fail to realize their value. B. They will be amazed at the output of MT. C. They can still have a sense of satisfaction. D. They might be looked down upon by others. 34. What is the big change in the translation field? A. The way translators use technologies. B. The appearance of more translation firms. C. Translators’ confidence in their own abilities. D. People’s attitude towards machine translation. 35. What should human translators do according to the text? A. Increase their work efficiency. B. Master at least three languages. C. Learn from machine translation. D. Gain some specialized knowledge. 套题讲解 In a world of ever - present technology, few can agree on how much time children need on their devices. Some suggest kids should spend more time outside instead. For kids in Colorado, a new cooperation has found a way to get kids outside, even if they bring their phones. I'm standing nearby the Dinosaur Hill in Fruita, Colorado. Before I hike, words appear on my phone, "Your adventure is about to begin." Scrolling down, I select a mission titled "Discover Dinosaurs". A dinosaur avatar (虚拟化身) appears on the screen. "Hello, I'm Agent AI and inviting you to discover dinosaurs and help the Bureau of Land Management preserve fossils." All over the state, the Colorado Explorer Campaign offers similar missions for young park visitors to complete. The Discover Dinosaurs mission is meant to educate young explorers on the basics of paleontology (古生物学) and how to preserve fossils. The Agents of Discovery app is generally defined as an interactive experience combining real - world input with digitally - accessed content. But what's the trouble for this activity? In order for the app to work as intended, families have to actually visit the sites their kids want to explore. There is no completing missions from the comfort of your couch. In fact, with the wide use of gamification (游戏化), the cooperation between technology and education grows. Recent studies have found gamification design fully reflects the active status of students in the learning process, which can emphasize the cultivation of students' independent exploration spirit, form a good habit of learning and thus promote the overall quality of students. The Colorado Explorer Campaign works without Wi-Fi but best with cell service, and is offered for free. Through the Agents of Discovery app, users can identify trees, learn the migratory habits of birds, engage in local history and maybe even find evidence of dinosaurs. This summer, it's certain that there are more families who take brief road trips and hometown hikes to see what else the program has in store. 5. Why did the author mention his experience to the Dinosaur Hill? A.To advise people to go outdoors. B.To tell his love for dinosaurs. C.To disconnect him with digital device. D.To test the new method of enjoying outdoors with phones. 6. What should kids' parents do to make the Agents of Discovery app work smoothly? A.Visit their favorite sites. B.Know their interest in exploration. C.Get involved in the activity personally. D.Lie on their couches to monitor their kids. 7. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A.Wi-Fi is necessary for the app to work. B.The Colorado Explorer Campaign is of great value for exploring nature. C.Families should hike in their hometown together. D.The Agents of Discovery app highlights history culture. 8. What would be the best title for the passage? A.More and More Children Are Addicted to Phones B.An Approach Mixes Outdoor Activities with Phones C.Colorado Handles Kids' Phone Problems Successfully D.Gamification Has Enjoyed Great Support among Kids 例题 Here's a quick quiz. Person A does a favor for you. Person B asks you to do a favor for him. Who do you tend to like more? Surprisingly, the answer is Person B. This quirk (怪癖) of human nature is known as the Ben Franklin Effect. Benjamin Franklin came across the phenomenon in 1736 when serving as a clerk to the Pennsylvania Assembly. A powerful member didn't care for Franklin and threatened to make life miserable for him. What to do? Instead of winning him over with sweet talk, Franklin asked if he could borrow a rare and valuable book the man owned. This request altered the man's attitude and paved the way for their friendship. Franklin's takeaway: “He that has once done you a kindness will be ready to do you another, than he whom you yourself have obliged. ”Several studies have confirmed this. But how can we explain the Ben Franklin Effect? Some psychologists refer to cognitive dissonance (失调). It's difficult to hold two contradictory thoughts at the same time. It makes us uncomfortable.We resolve this tension by changing our mind. “I don't like Joe, but I am doing him a favor, ”we might think. “So maybe I do like him.” While cognitive dissonance explains a lot, it alone doesn't explain the Ben Franklin Effect. One 2015 study found that it was, rather, the affiliative (亲和的)motive that the requests convey. That is, we humans want to maintain good relations with other humans, and one way to achieve this is by doing favors for others. This explains a lot about altruistic behavior.， We like being useful and, by extension, we like those who give us the opportunity to do so. It's in our genes. Yet there is much we still don't know about the Ben Franklin Effect. Does it apply equally across cultures? Is there a point beyond which asking a favor makes you less, not more likable? Asking to borrow a book is one thing; asking to borrow a car is another. 28. Why does the author mention Benjamin Franklin's experience? Mention题看主旨 A. To illustrate a dilemma in making choices. B. To suggest a way of striking up friendships. C. To stress the importance of strategic requests. D. To introduce the origin of the Ben Franklin Effect. 29. What is a reason for people's tendency to like those asking for favors? A. Reducing the tension caused by social contact. B. Increasing the chance of getting help in return. C. Avoiding the discomfort from conflicting thoughts. D. Establishing a cooperative community of shared trust. 30. What does the underlined word “altruistic” probably mean in paragraph 4? A. Selfless. B. Impolite. C. Aggressive. D. Responsible. 31. What does the author think of the Ben Franklin Effect? A. It makes little sense. B. It applies to most cultures. C. It has situational limitations. D. It has great practical significance. 例题 Psychologist Gillian Sandstrom thinks that people don't talk with strangers, simply because most people don't have the skills or confidence to do so. To address this, she ran London-based events to help people gain confidence in initiating conversations with strangers. Sandstrom said, “By the end, those participants don't want to stop talking.” 1. What can we learn about Gillian Sandstrom's London-based events? A.They provide new job opportunities. B.They are highly enjoyed by the participants. D.They explore why people don't talk to strangers. C.They boost people's confidence in society. Bullet comments - comments which fly across the screen on certain video platforms - represent a modern approach to communication that young people use in cyberspace to express their ideas, emotions and feelings. When looking back, however, they are a good reminder of what was hot or trending in the past year. 2. What do we know about “Bullet comments” according to the text? A.They will remind others of your opinions. B.They are an easy way to interact with others. C.They enable us to think about the popular events. D.They are used in young people's daily communication. 2024九省联考 This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior. Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share, and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That's why it's so important to take an active role in your toddler's social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them. 3. What does the author suggest parents do for their kids? B.Find them suitable playmates. C.Play together with them. D.Help them understand social rules.题干定段落 A.Design games for them. Typically, life offers two ways of acquiring objects. One is by collecting available items, and the other is by creating things that never existed before. Whereas （对比）most items on the shelves of supermarkets are mass-produced（贬义）, products that are newly created by artists or scientists are originally unique（褒义）. Just like aging wine, a product of creative work acquires quality over time. It is colored by the response of the audience as well as by imitations. The initial circumstances are a reminder of an admirable baby. It is fascinating for a scientist or an artist to watch the interaction of their creation with the world, just as it is for parents to watch their children. 4. What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A.Creative works withstand the test of time. D.Inventiveness starts from childhood. B.Mass-produced items are preferable. C.Old wine can't be put into new bottles. Today and every day we are the targets of advertisers, fundraisers and politicians trying to persuade us to buy something, do something or think a certain way. And they're good at it. Over the years, they've learned a lot about which features to build into a communication and which psychological strings to pull at to increase its success. But by concentrating on the message itself, they've missed a crucial component of the process. Research done in the last 15 years shows that best persuasion is achieved through pre-suasion—the practice of arranging for people to agree with a message before they even know what's in it. Pre-suasion works by focusing people's attention on a selected concept, which in turn stimulates them to overvalue it over related ones. In one study, visitors to an online sofa store were greeted with images of either soft clouds or small coins in the background of its landing page. Those who saw the clouds were more likely to prefer soft, comfortable sofas for purchase whereas those who saw the money preferred cheaper models. Long before scientists started studying the process of pre-suasion, a few notable communicators already had an intuitive (直觉的) understanding of it. For example, the pre-suasive strategy was employed in the late 1950s by the advertising firm Doyle Dane Bernbach to introduce the oddly shaped Volkswagen Beetle to a US market dominated by big, powerful, boat - like vehicles. The "We're ugly but..." campaign strategically admitted to limitations in appearance before trumpeting (鼓吹) the auto's strengths such as economy, reliability and simplicity. Credited with breaking open the US market for small cars, the ad campaign has been rated among the greatest of all time. With considerable success, practitioners of social influence have always featured persuasive elements-great praises, emotional pull, last - chance opportunities-in their appeals. Perhaps because of that success, they've mostly missed an accompanying truth. For maximum impact, it's not only what you do; it's also what you do just before you do what you do. 1. What aspect of advertising has been commonly overlooked according to the text? A.The use of psychological strings to influence people. C.The choice of communication channels for more success. B.The effort to convince people without their knowledge. D.The improvement of message contents to attract buyers. 2. Which of the following examples best illustrates the concept of pre-suasion? A.An online store trumpeting special offers. C.A car dealer offering discounts to potential buyers. B.A banker explaining interest rates to customers. D.A shop playing Jingle Bells in Christmas season. 3. What can be learned about the Volkswagen Beetle ad campaign in the 1950s? A.It focused on emotional appeals. B.It failed to highlight its strengths. D.It strategically introduced an unconventional product. C.It thoroughly changed the US small - sized car market. 4. What can we infer about practitioners of social influence? C.They have generally ignored the effectiveness of pre-suasion. A.They have been expert at applying pre-suasion. D.They have combined pre-suasion with persuasion effectively. B.They have maximized their impact with persuasion. D.They have combined pre - suasion with persuasion effectively. A group of researchers has published new findings in Science on potential risks from the development of mirror bacteria - synthetic organisms in which all molecules(分子) have reversed chirality(i.e. are “mirrored” Scientists had begun early work toward creating mirror bacteria, and while the capability at least a decade away, recent years have seen significant progress, The new paper finds that, if created, these organisms may pose significant dangers to humans, animals, plants and environmental health. The 38 authors working in nine countries include leading experts in immunology, plant pathology and so on. The publication in Science is accompanied by a detailed 300-page technical report. While any threat is not approaching, the Science paper finds that mirror bacteria may pose serious risks. Immune defenses in humans, animals, and plants rely on identifying particular molecular geometries found in invading bacteria. If these shapes were reflected - as they would be uniquely in mirror bacteria - recognition would be impaired(受损的) and many basic immune defenses could fail, potentially leaving organisms vulnerable to infection. The analysis also suggests that mirror bacteria in the environment may be able to evade(逃避) natural predators like phages, which rely heavily on chirally-mediated interactions to kill bacteria and limit their populations. Transport via animals and humans could enable spread between diverse ecosystems. Persistent and widespread environmental populations of mirror bacteria would expose humans, animals and plants to an ongoing risk of infection - a serious threat to humans and to global ecosystems. The authors call for further inspection of their findings and conclude that, unless compelling evidence emerges that these organisms would not pose extraordinary dangers, mirror bacteria should not be created. This paper marks a starting point for a broader discussion about the risks from mirror bacteria, including participation from the global scientific community, policymakers, research funders, and other stakeholders. Several of the authors on the paper are involved in planning a series of events throughout 2025 to inspect the findings of the paper and discuss steps that can be taken to prevent risks from mirror bacteria. 5. What is the characteristic of mirror bacteria? A.They are made up of mirror molecules. B.Their molecules have opposite chirality. D.They can change their molecular structure. C.They are active in a mirrored environment. 6. What can we learn about mirror bacteria from paragraph 2? B.They will barely harm creatures. A.They will come out very soon. C.They will be made no less than a decade. D.They will have an effect in ten years. 7. What consequence might mirror bacteria bring according to the new findings? A.Natural predators can't kill them. B.Their molecules are the same as normal bacteria's. C.Immune defenses can't tell their molecular shapes. D.Immune protection can be impaired directly by them. 8. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A.The Creation of Mirror Bacteria B.Mirror Bacteria: Risks and Global Responses C.Scientists' New Findings on Bacterial Infection D.The Effect of Mirror Bacteria on Immune Systems Behind a large house, six tigers pace around inside an enclosure. It's morning in northern Viet Nam's hilly Thai Nguyen province. The strangers in the backyard-a team comprising animal experts from the Hanoi Wildlife Rescue Center, alongside representatives from the forest protection department-are here to move the tigers to their new home. It's a sad moment for their owner. "For nearly 20 years, I have treated them as my own children," the middle - aged man said. "But I'm getting older, so our family has decided to voluntarily hand over the tigers to a trustworthy place." That place is the Hanoi Wildlife Rescue Center. The state - run facility is one of the 23 animal rescue centers in Viet Nam and the only one equipped to offer a shelter to both surrendered (交出) tigers like these and those confiscated (没收) by authorities. Tigers are an endangered species, and it is illegal to hunt, keep or sell them in Viet Nam. Still, the tiger trade develops fast in some parts of Asia, driven by a demand that sees all parts of the tiger used, including bones that are used in traditional medicine to cure bone - related illnesses or to make glue that is mixed with wine for consumption, and teeth and skin that are prized as decorative items. When tigers are confiscated from the illegal trade or voluntarily surrendered by owners, they are transported to the Hanoi Wildlife Rescue Center where they are cared for, alongside other rescued animals. Since it opened its doors in 1996, the center has rescued and received more than 32,000 individuals comprising over 100 different species. "Rescued animals are usually not in a very healthy state," says center director Luong Xuan Hong. So professionals give new arrivals a thorough check - up to detect any injuries or diseases, before coming up with a suitable program to help them recover. On a recent summer afternoon, a handful of tigers drank water from concrete pools, slept in large leaf-filled enclosures or patted bunches of leaves hanging from cage tops in the midst of quiet surroundings. Once their quarantine (隔离期) period is over, the six tigers from Thai Nguyen will join their fellow big cats. 9. Why did the middle - aged man feel unhappy? A.He saw his tigers badly treated. B.He had no one but tigers to rely on. C.He had to say goodbye to his tigers. D.He was punished by an official agent. 10. What can be known about the Hanoi Wildlife Rescue Center? A.It only takes in unhealthy animals. B.It has seen the drop of tiger trades in Asia. D.It has made achievements in saving species. C.It allows individuals to adopt rescued animals. 11. What can we learn about the six tigers from the last paragraph? A.They will be released into the wild very soon. C.They will be quarantined for a longer period. B.They will live a comfortable life in the center. D.They are living in harmony with other species. 12. Which of the following is the best title of the text? A.A Rescue Center Is Taking Off B.Six Tigers Find a New Home C.Many Tigers Are in Danger in Viet Nam D.New Arrivals Adapt Quickly in a Shelter New technologies tend to cause a cycle of concern, disorder, and conflict before eventually being accepted. Recent writings about artificial intelligence (AI) and other advances in computer science suggest that we are preparing to welcome the final stage of this latest round of invention. The Last Human Job, sociologist Allison Pugh's new book centered on caregiving and human connection in the age of automation, warns readers against unreserved acceptance of these technological advances, citing “connective labor”as valuable human work that will not be easily replaced by algorithms (算法). 1. What is the main concern of Allison Pugh's new book? A.The impact of AI on future employment. B.The approach to living and working with AI. C.The increasing role of technology in caregiving. D.The value of connective labor in the age of automation. You have probably heard of the Fermi Paradox (费米悖论). Given the high probability that alien (外星人) life exists out there in the universe, why has nobody got in touch yet? Answers to the paradox range from the optimistic to the downright frightening. It could be that we simply haven't sent out our own traceable signatures for aliens to find us yet. Or it could be that no aliens will ever make it to the point where they are able to make contact with other species. 2. What do we know about the Fermi Paradox? A.It denies aliens' existence. B.It is studied thoroughly. C.Its answers vary considerably. D.Its answers are similar. While the towers are ready to become a recognizable landmark for Lusail, Foster believes that a city's skyline reflects what lies beneath the surface. It was crucial to integrate the towers into a “low-scale master plan.” They are strategically positioned on top of a subway line and at the end of a commercial avenue linking the waterfront (滨水区) to the nearby football stadium. According to Foster, the ground features of the plaza will play a significant role in the objective of transforming the area into a lively public space for the future. 3. What's the goal of “low-scale master plan” ? A.To link the waterfront to the football stadium. B.To create a remarkable plaza for the citizens. C.To offer a dynamic public space for the future. D.To connect a subway and a commercial avenue. Ultimately, plastic manufacturers and the companies that sell their products are responsible for the high volume of plastic waste in our environments, and significantly reducing that plastic - and the microplastics that come with it - will have to be at the policy level nationwide and worldwide. 4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A.Plastic waste comes from microplastics on earth. B.The amount of plastic waste is significantly large. C.Relevant regulations are vital to contain plastic use. D.Plastic makers and buyers answer for plastic waste Is boredom a thing of the past, like black-and-white television? And, if so, is that a good thing? Julie Robinson, a former teacher who now represents the Independent Association of Prep Schools, thinks that boredom is regarded as an enemy of today's children, and they are losing the ability to become thoughtful and reflective (沉思的). “We should not fear boredom.” said Julie Robinson. “Boredom is valuable to children. Quiet, reflective time is just as important as purposeful activity,” she added. Her opinion is that constant (连续不断的) activity for a child, often the result of the dreams of parents, will lead to concerned and worrying adult. The traditional ideas that children should be constantly active could prevent the development of their imagination. So anything that improves a greater thoughtfulness is to be warmly welcomed. Parents now feel a sense of failure when they hear their children complain about being bored. They seek an electronic devices (设备) to play games at once. And we didn't feel bored during long car journeys anymore by the impatient “Are we there yet?” because all kinds of electronic devices have been taken along to avoid even a minute of boredom. So what chance do children have to allow their thoughts to wander? But it's not just children who need lessons in reflection. Adults need that, too. On my train journey to work this morning, I couldn't see a single person who wasn't using an electronic device. No one was simply looking out of the window at the beautiful views of the county side. Not time for quiet thinking, even in the quiet library. There were emails to send, texts to read, and games to play. The wider world, seemingly, didn't exist. The mobile phone has changed many things about our lives, and has developed an inability - among adults as well as children - to live in the present. What Julie Robinson regards is a cross-generational phenomenon: the fear of “inactivity”. And she is right. 1. Julie Robinson thinks boredom is useful because it makes children . A.find effective solutions to social problems B.improve the ability to learn knowledge C.have time to think and have their imagination developed D.communicate more with their parents and friends 2. Which of the following is seen as “inactivity” according to the last paragraph? A.Sending emails on a train. B.Playing games with friends. C.Planning constant activity for children. D.Looking out of the window at the beautiful views. 3. The author mentioned the train journey to show that . A.the trip on a quiet train was very boring B.the view of the countryside was beautiful C.people had too much work to do D.electronic devices influence people's life greatly 4. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A.Both adults and children like to stay alone and recall their past days. B.People fail to leave their children enough time to think and imagine. C.Electronic devices are always good for both children and adults. Conventional ways of sampling plankton (浮游生物) are focused on large populations of the microorganisms and typically lack the method to measure behaviors and processes of individual plankton on ecological scales. As a result, we know very little about microscale biological and molecular (分子) processes in the ocean. To bridge the gap, Stanford researcher Prakash and researchers in his lab have developed a vertical (垂直的) tracking microscope based on what they call a “hydrodynamic treadmill”. The idea involves a simple yet elegant insight: a circular geometry provides a water column ring that can be used to simulate (模拟) ocean depths. Organisms put into it move about freely as the device tracks them and moves around to accommodate their motion. A camera feeds full-resolution color images of the plankton and other microscopic marine (海洋的) animals into a computer for feedback control. The device can also recreate depth characteristics in the ocean, such as light intensity, creating what the researchers call a “virtual-reality environment” for single cells. The creative microscope has already revealed various microorganism’ behaviors previously unknown to science. For example, it exposed in minute detail how marine creatures from the California coast, such as the bat star, sea cucumber and Pacific sand dollar, employ various methods to move through the sea. This could allow scientists to better understand movement features of these unique organisms in the open ocean. The device has also revealed the vertical behaviors of single-celled organisms such as marine dinoflagellates, which could allow scientists to link these behaviors to ecological phenomena such as algal blooms. Prakash credits the device’s success to the interdisciplinary nature of his lab’s team, which includes electrical, mechanical and optical engineers, as well as computer scientists, physicists, cell biologists, ecologists and biochemists. The team is working to extend the microscope’s capabilities further by virtually mapping all aspects of the physical parameters (参数) that an organism experiences as it dives into depths of the ocean. 5. What is the primary limitation of conventional plankton sampling methods? A.They are not suitable for deep seas. B.They are unable to measure the microorganisms. C.They fail to record individual plankton behaviors. D.They cannot keep track of the biological processes. 6. How does the “hydrodynamic treadmill” enhance plankton research? A.It measures light intensity. B.It provides vivid images of marine animals. C.It recreates a real ocean environment. D.It allows vertically tracking marine organisms. 7. Why does the author mention marine dinoflagellates? A.To compare the movement feature of ocean creatures. B.To advocate the protection of marine species. C.To show the application of the microscope. D.To highlight the diversity of marine ecosystems. 8. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A.A mix of knowledge promotes innovation. B.Every scientific field has its own uniqueness. C.Prakash has received credit for good team spirit. D.The microscope can map the physical parameters. 第 1 页 共 13 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026届高三年级英语二轮专题培优班 精深阅读满分策略解题技巧知识清单 高三英语组 制定人、核准人： 李老师 龙老师 2025年12月31日发布 注：本知识清单所列例题，系本校本年度一轮复习期间讲解相关知识点及解题方法时为学生配套使用的教学范例，在知识点后附加例题有助于学生巩固深化所学内容；文中的彩色标注及文字加注，系本校教师讲解例题时的批注内容，供学生复习、巩固、加深使用。 一、例子非答案 在高中英语阅读理解中，“例子非答案”是一条重要的解题原则，其核心逻辑在于：例子本身通常不是命题人考查的本质，而是为了论证某个观点或主题。那么我们应该如何运用这个技巧来识别干扰项呢？ 1. 例子的标志词 文中出现以下词汇时，后文常接例子： For example, For instance, Take...as an example, Such as, Like 具体人名、地名、事件(如 In 2023, a study by Harvard University found...) 2. 选项特征：仅谈例子细节 若选项描述的是例子中的具体人物、时间、事件细节，而未涉及例子支撑的观点，则大概率为错误选项。 3. 对比：正确答案的特征 正确答案应该对应例子所支撑的观点句(通常在例子前或后，多为段落首句、末句或转折句)。 总之，例子是手段，观点是目的。解题时需透过例子找背后的观点，避免被具体细节干扰。当选项仅涉及例子中的人物、事件、数据时，除非题目明确考查细节，否则通常为错误选项，正确答案应指向例子支撑的主旨或观点。 二、褒贬一致 在高中英语阅读理解中，“褒贬一致”是快速解题的核心原则之一，其本质是通过判断文章的情感色彩与选项的情感倾向是否一致来排除干扰项。正确答案的情感色彩必须与原文一致，若与原文矛盾，则直接排除。以下是一些常见的情感色彩词。 褒义词：positive, favorable, supportive, excellent, beneficial, praise, admire, appreciate 贬义词：negative, critical, skeptical, harmful, disapproving, condemn, criticize, ridiculous 中性词：neutral, objective, describe, introduce 还要注意的是转折后的情感重点。若文中出现“Although A, B”，那么情感重点在B。 例如：Although the product was praised for its innovative design, it failed to meet safety standards, causing numerous complaints from users.(前褒后贬，重点在贬。) 例1： 100 Things We've Lost to the Internet is a fun read for those of us who share some of Paul's memories and experiences. We remember what it was like and we like to remember. The landscape has shifted, and no doubt it will shift again as technology's advancement continues apace. This book serves as a reminder of the simple truth that when gains are made, sometimes something is lost. 1. What conclusion has the author drawn after reading Paul's book? A.Things in the past are better. B.There're no gains without pains. 字面解释 C.The internet is a double-edged sword. 有得有失推出双刃剑 D.Technology is constantly changing the world. 例2： :That's why this issue (期) of Writer's Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you're doing. If it's short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work. 2. Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims? A.To give examples of great novelists. B.To stress the theme of this issue. C.To encourage writing for the magazine. D.To recommend their new books. 例3 Of many refreshing aspects of this book, one is that Hayhoe recounts both her successes and her failures to communicate, through which she has gathered evidence about what works and what does not. Much of the book's advice is common sense, all backed up not just by Hayhoe's experience but also with convincing research by psychologists and social scientists. 3. Which of the following best describes the advice in the book? A.Serious and challenging. B.Well-based and workable. C.Approachable but one-sided. D.Practical but unacknowledged. 例4 Between 2021 and 2022, global greenhouse gas emissions grew about 1%, the analysis finds. Emissions need to fall as quickly as possible to avoid catastrophic climate impacts such as uncontrollable sea level rise, unsurvivable heat in some areas and mass extinction of plants and animals. 4. What does the underlined word “catastrophic” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A.Limited. B.Invisible. C.Ruinous. D.Controllable. 套题讲解 For most workaday purposes machine translation (MT) has got much better in the past five years or so. The biggest source of improvement has been the use of “deep learning” in training such systems, which are meant to copy the action of a brain’s neurons（神经元）. And improvement in automated（自动化的）translation has also come about through an emergence of clever companies solving individual tasks. Some have created specialist dictionaries so that important terms can be translated accurately and consistently. An entire MT engine can now be trained only on data from a professional domain (such as law or medicine), improving accuracy further. This means many human translators spend most of their time checking and improving MT output, rather than doing most of the translating themselves. Being a machine’s editor may sound depressing. For some translators, indeed it is. However, this can be seen the other way round. （转折提示，说明后面说的是好处）A human repeatedly translating identical formulae is in principle little different from a machine trained to do the same. (人和机器做得是一样的，所以并不会惊讶）Allowing the machine to do the easy bits — the chunks that are translated the same way, over and over — frees the translator to apply specialized linguistic and subject-matter knowledge, solving more intellectually satisfying problems. This is especially obvious in legal translation. For example, the proper translation of the Spanish word “dolo” into English is “willful misconduct”, but the software simply translates it as “malice（恶意）”. Since the law in question considerably increases penalties（处罚）when the misconduct is “willful”, the mistranslation can be potentially disastrous and could only have been caught by someone with the right combination of legal and linguistic expertise. That technology has completely changed translation is nothing new. Many translators have been silently relying on computers for years. （表示过往、曾经，一般和主旨相反）What is newer is the willingness of translation firms, and individual translators, to be out and proud about using MT. Part of the job becomes knowing what can be automated and what cannot. Invoices（发票）and instruction books can be left to MT, but a novel legal argument needs to be almost entirely translated by hand. This is impossible for someone who merely knows Spanish and English and took a few translation classes. The bad news for some translators is that a tap of repeatable, easy work is being turned off. The good news is that what remains will be brain-challenging stuff for people who have a knowledge of a language and something else. 文章有难度，话题生僻——三问法 1. 快读扫描，找主旨——核心MT，且可为人类所用。 2. 判断MT，褒还是贬（通过选项判断，35题提示，人工并没有被取代）。 3. 文章结构：引出话题——介绍情况——应对方案。 32. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about translation companies? A. There is a fierce competition between them. B. There are many problems for them to solve. C. They are trying to improve machine translation. D. They are replacing human translators with machine translation. 绝对化 （逻辑简化；核心—MT，AB只讲公司本身，而D明显是负向的。通过选项，可以判断MT是正向的，所以只能选C） 33. What does the author say about humans being a machine’s editor? A. They might fail to realize their value. （贬） B. They will be amazed at the output of MT. （先判断会不会惊讶，人和机器翻译做的是一样的，所以不会惊讶） C. They can still have a sense of satisfaction. D. They might be looked down upon by others. （贬） （褒贬判断，However转折提示，后面说的是好处，排除AD） 34. What is the big change in the translation field? A. The way translators use technologies.（中性） B. The appearance of more translation firms.（中性） C. Translators’ confidence in their own abilities.（正向） D. People’s attitude towards machine translation.（态度） （BC没有体现主题，原文中并没有讲如何适用，只讲了愿意用，体现态度，所以选D） 35. What should human translators do according to the text? A. Increase their work efficiency. （没提到） B. Master at least three languages. （没有体现比较多少的概念） C. Learn from machine translation. （没提到） D. Gain some specialized knowledge. 套题讲解 In a world of ever - present technology, few can agree on how much time children need on their devices. Some suggest kids should spend more time outside instead. For kids in Colorado, a new cooperation has found a way to get kids outside, even if they bring their phones. I'm standing nearby the Dinosaur Hill in Fruita, Colorado. Before I hike, words appear on my phone, "Your adventure is about to begin." Scrolling down, I select a mission titled "Discover Dinosaurs". A dinosaur avatar (虚拟化身) appears on the screen. "Hello, I'm Agent AI and inviting you to discover dinosaurs and help the Bureau of Land Management preserve fossils." All over the state, the Colorado Explorer Campaign offers similar missions for young park visitors to complete. The Discover Dinosaurs mission is meant to educate young explorers on the basics of paleontology (古生物学) and how to preserve fossils. The Agents of Discovery app is generally defined as an interactive experience combining real - world input with digitally - accessed content. But what's the trouble for this activity? In order for the app to work as intended, families have to actually visit the sites their kids want to explore. There is no completing missions from the comfort of your couch. In fact, with the wide use of gamification (游戏化), the cooperation between technology and education grows. Recent studies have found gamification design fully reflects the active status of students in the learning process, which can emphasize the cultivation of students' independent exploration spirit, form a good habit of learning and thus promote the overall quality of students. The Colorado Explorer Campaign works without Wi-Fi but best with cell service, and is offered for free. Through the Agents of Discovery app, users can identify trees, learn the migratory habits of birds, engage in local history and maybe even find evidence of dinosaurs. This summer, it's certain that there are more families who take brief road trips and hometown hikes to see what else the program has in store. 5. Why did the author mention his experience to the Dinosaur Hill?主旨是新的户外体验方式，而不是户外，注意文章的描述 A.To advise people to go outdoors. B.To tell his love for dinosaurs. C.To disconnect him with digital device. D.To test the new method of enjoying outdoors with phones. 6. What should kids' parents do to make the Agents of Discovery app work smoothly? A.Visit their favorite sites. B.Know their interest in exploration. C.Get involved in the activity personally. D.Lie on their couches to monitor their kids. 7. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A.Wi-Fi is necessary for the app to work. B.The Colorado Explorer Campaign is of great value for exploring nature. C.Families should hike in their hometown together. D.The Agents of Discovery app highlights history culture. 8. What would be the best title for the passage? A.More and More Children Are Addicted to Phones B.An Approach Mixes Outdoor Activities with Phones C.Colorado Handles Kids' Phone Problems Successfully D.Gamification Has Enjoyed Great Support among Kids 例题 Here's a quick quiz. Person A does a favor for you. Person B asks you to do a favor for him. Who do you tend to like more? Surprisingly, the answer is Person B. This quirk (怪癖) of human nature is known as the Ben Franklin Effect. Benjamin Franklin came across the phenomenon in 1736 when serving as a clerk to the Pennsylvania Assembly. A powerful member didn't care for Franklin and threatened to make life miserable for him. What to do? Instead of winning him over with sweet talk, Franklin asked if he could borrow a rare and valuable book the man owned. This request altered the man's attitude and paved the way for their friendship. Franklin's takeaway: “He that has once done you a kindness will be ready to do you another, than he whom you yourself have obliged. ”Several studies have confirmed this. But how can we explain the Ben Franklin Effect? Some psychologists refer to cognitive dissonance (失调). It's difficult to hold two contradictory thoughts at the same time. It makes us uncomfortable. (对应29题C选项）We resolve this tension by changing our mind. “I don't like Joe, but I am doing him a favor, ”we might think. “So maybe I do like him.” While cognitive dissonance explains a lot, it alone doesn't explain the Ben Franklin Effect. One 2015 study found that it was, rather, the affiliative (亲和的)motive that the requests convey. That is, we humans want to maintain good relations with other humans, and one way to achieve this is by doing favors for others. This explains a lot about altruistic behavior.（this说明指的是前面提到的东西， We like being useful and, by extension, we like those who give us the opportunity to do so. It's in our genes. Yet there is much we still don't know about the Ben Franklin Effect. Does it apply equally across cultures? Is there a point beyond which asking a favor makes you less, not more likable? Asking to borrow a book is one thing; asking to borrow a car is another. （对应31题选项C） 28. Why does the author mention Benjamin Franklin's experience? Mention题看主旨 A. To illustrate a dilemma in making choices. B. To suggest a way of striking up friendships. C. To stress the importance of strategic requests. D. To introduce the origin of the Ben Franklin Effect. （第一段提出这个概念，下文用人物经历来介绍它的起源） 29. What is a reason for people's tendency to like those asking for favors? （reason对应3、4段的explain，给出了两个理由） A. Reducing the tension caused by social contact. （social contact范围太大） B. Increasing the chance of getting help in return. （没有提到） C. Avoiding the discomfort from conflicting thoughts. D. Establishing a cooperative community of shared trust.（没有提到） 30. What does the underlined word “altruistic” probably mean in paragraph 4? （判断褒贬，根据原文可以知道是“帮助他人这一行为”，那么是褒义，排除BC。） A. Selfless. （帮助别人符合无私的这一行为） B. Impolite. C. Aggressive. D. Responsible. （负责的更多体现自己有义务这么做，而帮助别人并不是义务的） 31. What does the author think of the Ben Franklin Effect? A. It makes little sense. （没提到） B. It applies to most cultures. （原文是问句，说明不确定） C. It has situational limitations. D. It has great practical significance.（作者在最后一段说对这个现象还有很多不了解的地方，并且提出疑问，并不能体现他认为这有巨大的现实意义 三、画蛇添足 “画蛇添足”是出题人设置迷惑选项的常见手段。它是指在原文基础上额外添加信息(往往是表示范围，时间，程度的词)或使用绝对化词汇，从而干扰考生的判断。常见的画蛇添足词有：always, never, all, completely, definitely, only, directly, merely等。 形容词、副词还有介词短语 四、图片记忆法 “图片记忆法”指在做题时，先迅速提炼选项中的核心词（名词、动词），这些核心词通常是对文章内容的概括提炼。接着将这些核心词通过联想串成具体、形象的图片，借助人脑对图像更强的记忆能力，在回读文章时依据脑海中的图片快速定位到相关内容。注意：联想画面必须与选项核心词直接相关，而非主观发散。 例题 Psychologist Gillian Sandstrom thinks that people don't talk with strangers, simply because most people don't have the skills or confidence to do so. To address this, she ran London-based events （定位在后面）to help people gain confidence in initiating conversations with strangers. Sandstrom said, “By the end, those participants don't want to stop talking.”负负得正 1. What can we learn about Gillian Sandstrom's London-based events? A.They provide new job opportunities.无中生有 B.They are highly enjoyed by the participants. D.They explore why people don't talk to strangers.---贬义（定位错误） C.They boost people's confidence in society.画蛇添足 包含；转折；并列；因果 名词定位；动词逻辑；形副褒贬 Bullet comments - comments which fly across the screen on certain video platforms - represent a modern approach to communication that young people use in cyberspace to express their ideas, emotions and feelings. When looking back, however, they are a good reminder of what was hot or trending in the past year. 2. What do we know about “Bullet comments” according to the text? A.They will remind others of your opinions. 文章 their ideas B.They are an easy way to interact with others. 无中生有 C.They enable us to think about the popular events.不够严谨 D.They are used in young people's daily communication. 画蛇添足 2024九省联考 This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior. Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share, and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That's why it's so important to take an active role in your toddler's social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them. 3. What does the author suggest parents do for their kids? B.Find them suitable playmates. C.Play together with them. D.Help them understand social rules.题干定段落 A.Design games for them. Typically, life offers two ways of acquiring objects. One is by collecting available items, and the other is by creating things that never existed before. Whereas （对比）most items on the shelves of supermarkets are mass-produced（贬义）, products that are newly created by artists or scientists are originally unique（褒义）. Just like aging wine, a product of creative work acquires quality over time. It is colored by the response of the audience as well as by imitations. The initial circumstances are a reminder of an admirable baby. It is fascinating for a scientist or an artist to watch the interaction of their creation with the world, just as it is for parents to watch their children. 4. What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A.Creative works withstand the test of time. 文章：时间推移可以获得品质 选项：经得住时间的考验 D.Inventiveness starts from childhood. B.Mass-produced items are preferable.（更好的）褒贬不一致 文章：Mass和后面相反；后面是独特的（好） Whereas常常用于对比 C.Old wine can't be put into new bottles.褒贬不一致 酒是好品质的代表（时间长） 年份酒---例子（创造性作品） Today and every day we are the targets of advertisers, fundraisers and politicians trying to persuade us to buy something, do something or think a certain way. And they're good at it. Over the years, they've learned a lot about which features to build into a communication and which psychological strings to pull at to increase its success. But by concentrating on the message itself, they've missed a crucial component of the process. Research done in the last 15 years shows that best persuasion is achieved through pre-suasion—the practice of arranging for people to agree with a message before they even know what's in it. Pre-suasion works by focusing people's attention on a selected concept, which in turn stimulates them to overvalue it over related ones. In one study, visitors to an online sofa store were greeted with images of either soft clouds or small coins in the background of its landing page. Those who saw the clouds were more likely to prefer soft, comfortable sofas for purchase whereas those who saw the money preferred cheaper models. Long before scientists started studying the process of pre-suasion, a few notable communicators already had an intuitive (直觉的) understanding of it. For example, the pre-suasive strategy was employed in the late 1950s by the advertising firm Doyle Dane Bernbach to introduce the oddly shaped Volkswagen Beetle to a US market dominated by big, powerful, boat - like vehicles. The "We're ugly but..." campaign strategically admitted to limitations in appearance before trumpeting (鼓吹) the auto's strengths such as economy, reliability and simplicity. Credited with breaking open the US market for small cars, the ad campaign has been rated among the greatest of all time. With considerable success, practitioners of social influence have always featured persuasive elements-great praises, emotional pull, last - chance opportunities-in their appeals. Perhaps because of that success, they've mostly missed an accompanying truth. For maximum impact, it's not only what you do; it's also what you do just before you do what you do. 1. What aspect of advertising has been commonly overlooked according to the text? 代词先还原（褒贬一致） A.The use of psychological strings to influence people. C.The choice of communication channels for more success. AC并列删除，都没有被忽略；且定位错误 B.The effort to convince people without their knowledge. D.The improvement of message contents to attract buyers.定位错误，不在miss的后面 BD选项区别：褒贬 包含；转折；并列；因果 2. Which of the following examples best illustrates the concept of pre-suasion?主旨是谁？（那个反映了主旨）事前影响（潜移默化） A.An online store trumpeting special offers. C.A car dealer offering discounts to potential buyers. B.A banker explaining interest rates to customers. D.A shop playing Jingle Bells in Christmas season. 3. What can be learned about the Volkswagen Beetle ad campaign in the 1950s? A.It focused on emotional appeals. B.It failed to highlight its strengths. D.It strategically introduced an unconventional product. C.It thoroughly changed the US small - sized car market.绝对化 文章是用来验证选项 4. What can we infer about practitioners of social influence? C.They have generally ignored the effectiveness of pre-suasion. A.They have been expert at applying pre-suasion. D.They have combined pre-suasion with persuasion effectively. B.They have maximized their impact with persuasion.---主旨无关 D.They have combined pre - suasion with persuasion effectively. A group of researchers has published new findings in Science on potential risks from the development of mirror bacteria - synthetic organisms in which all molecules(分子) have reversed chirality(i.e. are “mirrored”反向手性).--背景 Scientists had begun early work toward creating mirror bacteria, and while the capability at least a decade away, recent years have seen significant progress, The new paper finds that, if created, these organisms may pose significant dangers to humans, animals, plants and environmental health. --时间背景 The 38 authors working in nine countries include leading experts in immunology, plant pathology and so on. The publication in Science is accompanied by a detailed 300-page technical report.--研究背景 While any threat is not approaching, the Science paper finds that mirror bacteria may pose serious risks. Immune defenses in humans, animals, and plants rely on identifying particular molecular geometries found in invading bacteria. If these shapes were reflected - as they would be uniquely in mirror bacteria - recognition would be impaired(受损的) and many basic immune defenses could fail, potentially leaving organisms vulnerable to infection. 免疫系统 The analysis also suggests that mirror bacteria in the environment may be able to evade(逃避) natural predators like phages, which rely heavily on chirally-mediated interactions to kill bacteria and limit their populations. Transport via animals and humans could enable spread between diverse ecosystems. Persistent and widespread environmental populations of mirror bacteria would expose humans, animals and plants to an ongoing risk of infection - a serious threat to humans and to global ecosystems.自我逃避 The authors call for further inspection of their findings and conclude that, unless compelling evidence emerges that these organisms would not pose extraordinary dangers, mirror bacteria should not be created. 感染 This paper marks a starting point for a broader discussion about the risks from mirror bacteria, including participation from the global scientific community, policymakers, research funders, and other stakeholders. Several of the authors on the paper are involved in planning a series of events throughout 2025 to inspect the findings of the paper and discuss steps that can be taken to prevent risks from mirror bacteria.未来研究 5. What is the characteristic of mirror bacteria? A.They are made up of mirror molecules. B.Their molecules have opposite chirality. D.They can change their molecular structure. C.They are active in a mirrored environment. 6. What can we learn about mirror bacteria from paragraph 2? B.They will barely harm creatures. A.They will come out very soon. C.They will be made no less than a decade. D.They will have an effect in ten years. 重复词语优先找 相反 7. What consequence might mirror bacteria bring according to the new findings? A.Natural predators can't kill them.过度推测 躲开子弹--子弹不能杀死 B.Their molecules are the same as normal bacteria's. C.Immune defenses can't tell their molecular shapes.跟主旨靠近 形状--识别受损--系统失败--就会感染 D.Immune protection can be impaired directly by them. 8. Which of the following is the best title for the text?结构词做题法 A.The Creation of Mirror Bacteria B.Mirror Bacteria: Risks and Global Responses C.Scientists' New Findings on Bacterial Infection 妖项（以偏概全） D.The Effect of Mirror Bacteria on Immune Systems（以偏概全） 段落并列Infection和Immune Systems 重复就是力量：主题词是Mirror Bacteria 三化法求证并且判断文章结构 Behind a large house, six tigers pace around inside an enclosure. It's morning in northern Viet Nam's hilly Thai Nguyen province. The strangers in the backyard-a team comprising animal experts from the Hanoi Wildlife Rescue Center, alongside representatives from the forest protection department-are here to move the tigers to their new home. It's a sad moment for their owner. "For nearly 20 years, I have treated them as my own children," the middle - aged man said. "But I'm getting older, so our family has decided to voluntarily hand over the tigers to a trustworthy place." That place is the Hanoi Wildlife Rescue Center. The state - run facility is one of the 23 animal rescue centers in Viet Nam and the only one equipped to offer a shelter to both surrendered (交出) tigers like these and those confiscated (没收) by authorities. Tigers are an endangered species, and it is illegal to hunt, keep or sell them in Viet Nam. Still, the tiger trade develops fast in some parts of Asia, driven by a demand that sees all parts of the tiger used, including bones that are used in traditional medicine to cure bone - related illnesses or to make glue that is mixed with wine for consumption, and teeth and skin that are prized as decorative items. When tigers are confiscated from the illegal trade or voluntarily surrendered by owners, they are transported to the Hanoi Wildlife Rescue Center where they are cared for, alongside other rescued animals. Since it opened its doors in 1996, the center has rescued and received more than 32,000 individuals comprising over 100 different species. "Rescued animals are usually not in a very healthy state," says center director Luong Xuan Hong. So professionals give new arrivals a thorough check - up to detect any injuries or diseases, before coming up with a suitable program to help them recover. On a recent summer afternoon, a handful of tigers drank water from concrete pools, slept in large leaf-filled enclosures or patted bunches of leaves hanging from cage tops in the midst of quiet surroundings. Once their quarantine (隔离期) period is over, the six tigers from Thai Nguyen will join their fellow big cats. 9. Why did the middle - aged man feel unhappy? A.He saw his tigers badly treated. B.He had no one but tigers to rely on. C.He had to say goodbye to his tigers. D.He was punished by an official agent. 10. What can be known about the Hanoi Wildlife Rescue Center? A.It only takes in unhealthy animals. B.It has seen the drop of tiger trades in Asia.原文是develops fast D.It has made achievements in saving species. C.It allows individuals to adopt rescued animals. 11. What can we learn about the six tigers from the last paragraph? A.They will be released into the wild very soon. C.They will be quarantined for a longer period. B.They will live a comfortable life in the center.时态错误 文章是现在舒服或者未来送到救助中心，B是未来舒服 D.They are living in harmony with other species. 12. Which of the following is the best title of the text? A.A Rescue Center Is Taking Off B.Six Tigers Find a New Home C.Many Tigers Are in Danger in Viet Nam D.New Arrivals Adapt Quickly in a Shelter（定语说明就不是重点，只能辅助） 五、逻辑简化 “逻辑简化”主要是针对复杂文章和复杂逻辑进行简化处理，这一技巧可以通过“三问法”来实现，即明确主旨、判断态度褒贬以及分析文章结构，具体如下： 一问：主旨是什么? 精准捕捉文章主旨是我们理解全文、攻克题目难关的首要任务。判断主旨不仅可以通过阅读文章来实现，还可以通过分析题目来获得线索。仔细研读题干及选项，能提前预判文章大致走向与核心要点。在具体解题环节，通过选项的核心名词定位相关内容，然后关注动词所体现的逻辑关系，则能够简化文章的逻辑。 二问：态度褒贬 作者的态度对理解文章深层次的含义至关重要。文章中的形容词、副词以及表达态度观点类的动词，如say、suggest、advocate、argue、illustrate等词语都是作者态度的体现。明确作者态度后，可据此排除与作者态度不符的选项。例如，若作者对某事物持积极态度，那么完全否定或过度夸大消极影响的选项就不正确。 三问：文章结构 文章结构反映作者的写作思路和内容组织方式，可以帮助我们更好地把握信息间的逻辑关系。这里要就要结合“题文同序”这个概念，即通常阅读理解的出题顺序和文章的顺序是一致的。因此，题目实际上可以辅助我们快速了解文章的结构。以说明文为例，其常见的结构是：引出话题、事件分析、发展应用。 以上这“三问”有助于考生更全面、深入地理解文章和选项的逻辑关系，实现对复杂信息的简化，提高阅读理解的准确性和效率。 六、因果选果 “因果选果”是指在阅读理解中，当遇到两个选项互为因果关系时，一般情况下选择表示结果的选项，除非题目明确要求选择原因。这是因为： (1)多数阅读理解题目在考查因果关系时，更侧重于让考生理解某个原因所导致的最终结果，以检验考生对文章整体逻辑和信息的把握能力。 (2)原因是主旨的铺垫：虽然原因是引发结果的前提，但在一些文章中，原因的阐述往往是为了引出结果，是对主旨的铺垫。 (3)结果更能体现主旨：文章的主旨通常是围绕着某个核心事件或现象的发展及其影响来展开的，结果往往与文章主旨的关联更为紧密，更能体现文章想要传达的主要信息。 New technologies tend to cause a cycle of concern, disorder, and conflict before eventually being accepted. Recent writings about artificial intelligence (AI) and other advances in computer science suggest that we are preparing to welcome the final stage of this latest round of invention. The Last Human Job, sociologist Allison Pugh's new book centered on caregiving and human connection in the age of automation, warns readers against unreserved acceptance of these technological advances, citing “connective labor”as valuable human work that will not be easily replaced by algorithms (算法). 1. What is the main concern of Allison Pugh's new book? 褒贬一致性（concern是贬义） A.The impact of AI on future employment. B.The approach to living and working with AI. C.The increasing role of technology in caregiving. D.The value of connective labor in the age of automation. 通过题干的concern锁定最重要的warn，表达 Allison Pugh的态度 You have probably heard of the Fermi Paradox (费米悖论). Given the high probability that alien (外星人) life exists out there in the universe, why has nobody got in touch yet? Answers to the paradox range from the optimistic to the downright frightening. It could be that we simply haven't sent out our own traceable signatures for aliens to find us yet. Or it could be that no aliens will ever make it to the point where they are able to make contact with other species. 2. What do we know about the Fermi Paradox? A.It denies aliens' existence. B.It is studied thoroughly. C.Its answers vary considerably. D.Its answers are similar. 选项四种关系：并列、矛盾、递进、包含、因果（较少） 细节题考定位： 1、题干定位段落 2、选项定位句子 While the towers are ready to become a recognizable landmark for Lusail, Foster believes that a city's skyline reflects what lies beneath the surface. It was crucial to integrate the towers into a “low-scale master plan.” They are strategically positioned on top of a subway line and at the end of a commercial avenue linking the waterfront (滨水区) to the nearby football stadium. According to Foster, the ground features of the plaza will play a significant role in the objective of transforming the area into a lively public space for the future. 3. What's the goal of “low-scale master plan” ? A.To link the waterfront to the football stadium. B.To create a remarkable plaza for the citizens. C.To offer a dynamic public space for the future.大项（包含其他选项）---因果选果；时态一致 D.To connect a subway and a commercial avenue. Ultimately, plastic manufacturers and the companies that sell their products are responsible for the high volume of plastic waste in our environments, and significantly reducing that plastic - and the microplastics that come with it - will have to be at the policy level nationwide and worldwide. 4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A.Plastic waste comes from microplastics on earth. B.The amount of plastic waste is significantly large. C.Relevant regulations are vital to contain plastic use. D.Plastic makers and buyers answer for plastic waste A与文章矛盾；B主语错误；D无中生有；C是同源 Is boredom a thing of the past, like black-and-white television? And, if so, is that a good thing? Julie Robinson, a former teacher who now represents the Independent Association of Prep Schools, thinks that boredom is regarded as an enemy of today's children, and they are losing the ability to become thoughtful and reflective (沉思的). “We should not fear boredom.” said Julie Robinson. “Boredom is valuable to children. Quiet, reflective time is just as important as purposeful activity,” she added. Her opinion is that constant (连续不断的) activity for a child, often the result of the dreams of parents, will lead to concerned and worrying adult. The traditional ideas that children should be constantly active could prevent the development of their imagination. So anything that improves a greater thoughtfulness is to be warmly welcomed. Parents now feel a sense of failure when they hear their children complain about being bored. They seek an electronic devices (设备) to play games at once. And we didn't feel bored during long car journeys anymore by the impatient “Are we there yet?” because all kinds of electronic devices have been taken along to avoid even a minute of boredom. So what chance do children have to allow their thoughts to wander? But it's not just children who need lessons in reflection. Adults need that, too. On my train journey to work this morning, I couldn't see a single person who wasn't using an electronic device. No one was simply looking out of the window at the beautiful views of the county side. Not time for quiet thinking, even in the quiet library. There were emails to send, texts to read, and games to play. The wider world, seemingly, didn't exist. The mobile phone has changed many things about our lives, and has developed an inability - among adults as well as children - to live in the present. What Julie Robinson regards is a cross-generational phenomenon: the fear of “inactivity”. And she is right. 1. Julie Robinson thinks boredom is useful because it makes children . A.find effective solutions to social problems B.improve the ability to learn knowledge C.have time to think and have their imagination developed D.communicate more with their parents and friends 2. Which of the following is seen as “inactivity” according to the last paragraph? A.Sending emails on a train. B.Playing games with friends. C.Planning constant activity for children.无中生有 D.Looking out of the window at the beautiful views. 3. The author mentioned the train journey to show that . A.the trip on a quiet train was very boring贬义 B.the view of the countryside was beautiful C.people had too much work to do D.electronic devices influence people's life greatly （人们没法“无聊”） 4. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A.Both adults and children like to stay alone and recall their past days. B.People fail to leave their children enough time to think and imagine. C.Electronic devices are always good for both children and adults. Conventional ways of sampling plankton (浮游生物) are focused on large populations of the microorganisms and typically lack the method to measure behaviors and processes of individual plankton on ecological scales. As a result, we know very little about microscale biological and molecular (分子) processes in the ocean. To bridge the gap, Stanford researcher Prakash and researchers in his lab have developed a vertical (垂直的) tracking microscope based on what they call a “hydrodynamic treadmill”. The idea involves a simple yet elegant insight: a circular geometry provides a water column ring that can be used to simulate (模拟) ocean depths. Organisms put into it move about freely as the device tracks them and moves around to accommodate their motion. A camera feeds full-resolution color images of the plankton and other microscopic marine (海洋的) animals into a computer for feedback control. The device can also recreate depth characteristics in the ocean, such as light intensity, creating what the researchers call a “virtual-reality environment” for single cells. The creative microscope has already revealed various microorganism’ behaviors previously unknown to science. For example, it exposed in minute detail how marine creatures from the California coast, such as the bat star, sea cucumber and Pacific sand dollar, employ various methods to move through the sea. This could allow scientists to better understand movement features of these unique organisms in the open ocean. The device has also revealed the vertical behaviors of single-celled organisms such as marine dinoflagellates, which could allow scientists to link these behaviors to ecological phenomena such as algal blooms. Prakash credits the device’s success to the interdisciplinary nature of his lab’s team, which includes electrical, mechanical and optical engineers, as well as computer scientists, physicists, cell biologists, ecologists and biochemists. The team is working to extend the microscope’s capabilities further by virtually mapping all aspects of the physical parameters (参数) that an organism experiences as it dives into depths of the ocean. 5. What is the primary limitation of conventional plankton sampling methods?选项 问的是方法的局限是什么？不是方法导致的结果局限 A.They are not suitable for deep seas. B.They are unable to measure the microorganisms. C.They fail to record individual plankton behaviors. D.They cannot keep track of the biological processes. 6. How does the “hydrodynamic treadmill” enhance plankton research? A.It measures light intensity.例子 B.It provides vivid images of marine animals.是D的结果 C.It recreates a real ocean environment. D.It allows vertically tracking marine organisms.过程 7. Why does the author mention marine dinoflagellates?段落主旨；dinoflagellates在For example后面 A.To compare the movement feature of ocean creatures. B.To advocate the protection of marine species. C.To show the application of the microscope. D.To highlight the diversity of marine ecosystems. 8. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A.A mix of knowledge promotes innovation. B.Every scientific field has its own uniqueness. C.Prakash has received credit for good team spirit. D.The microscope can map the physical parameters. 第 1 页 共 13 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $