精品解析：安徽省芜湖市南陵中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题

2024~2025学年第一学期高二期末检测 英语试卷 考生注意： 第一部分 听力 （共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Where did the man spend his childhood? A. In China. B. In Canada. C. In the US. 2. What will the woman probably do next? A. Change her address. B. Mail some letters. C. Call the post office. 3. What does the man order? A. Cold coffee. B. Corn bread. C. Grape juice. 4. How is the weather now on the beach? A. It’s cloudy. B. It’s rainy. C. It’s fine. 5. What is the woman planning to do? A. Play tennis. B. Go swimming. C. Clean the house. 第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Workmates. B. Friends. C. Strangers. 7. What is the woman going to do next? A. Write a report. B. Look for Alan. C. Have lunch. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What is the weather like now? A. Sunny. B. Rainy. C. Windy. 9. Where does the man know the weather? A. From the radio. B. From the newspaper. C. From the Internet. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. Which building does the man like most? A The red one. B. The white one. C. The brown one. 11. What do students usually do in the brown building? A. Read books. B. Do exercise. C. Take classes. 12. How often does the man go swimming? A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Once a month. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. What vegetables does the woman need? A. Carrots and lettuce. B. Carrots and peppers. C. Lettuce and peppers. 14. How many degrees does the woman first ask the man to turn the cooker on to? A. 190. B. 200. C. 220. 15. How long will it take to cook the dish? A. 40 minutes. B. 25 minutes. C. 15 minutes. 16. What will the man do while the dish is cooked? A. Do the washing up. B. Make a dessert. C. Watch TV. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What does Maha do? A. A doctor. B. A nurse. C. A worker. 18. What is the book Hard Work about? A. A man and his son. B. A difficult journey. C. A film star. 19. Which book is written by a student? A. The Long Night. B. Hard Work. C. Hospital or Cinema. 20. Where does the story in Hospital or Cinema happen most probably? A. In Australia. B. In Thailand. C. In Britain. 第二部分 阅读 （共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Music Opera at Music Hall: 1243 Elm Street. The season runs June through August, with additional performances in March and September. The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts. Phone: 241-2742. http:// www. cityopera. com. Chamber Orchestra: The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street, which offers several concerts from March through June. Call 723-1182 for more information, http:// www. chamberorch. com. Symphony Orchestra: At Music Hall and Riverbend, For ticket sales, call 381-3300. Regular season runs September through May at Music Hall in summer at Riverbend, http:// www. symphony. org/home, asp. College Conservatory of Musi c(CCM): Performances are on the main campus of the university, usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater. CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well-known LaSalle Quartet, CCM’s Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music. Students with I. D. cards can attend the events for free. A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556-4183. http://www.ccm.uc.edu/events/calendar. Riverbend Music Theater: 6295 Kellogg Ave. Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover (price difference). Big name shows all summer long! Phone:232-6220.http://www.riverbendmusic.com. 1. Which number should you call if you want to see an opera? A. 556-4183. B. 232-6220. C. 241-2742. D. 723-1182. 2. When can you go to a concert by Chamber Orchestra? A. In February. B. In May. C. In August. D. In November. 3. What should students do to enjoy music performances at the Patricia Cobbett Theater for free? A. Bring their I. D. cards. B. Buy membership cards. C. Perform on the campus. D. Call the box office in advance. B John and Mary had a nice home and two lovely children. John had just been asked to go on a business trip to another city for several days and Mary would go with him too. They hired a reliable woman to care for their children and returned home a little earlier than they had planned. As they drove into their hometown, they found a home on fire. After having a look, Mary said, “Oh well, it isn’t our fire. Let’s go home.” But John drove closer and said, “That home belongs to Fred Jones who wouldn’t be off work yet. Maybe there is something we could do.” John noticed an old lady screamed to him, “The children! Get the children!” John grabbed her by the shoulder saying, “Get a hold of yourself and tell us where the children are!” “In the basement,” cried the lady. In spite of Mary’s disagreement, John soaked (浸湿) his clothes and ran to the basement which was full of smoke. He found the door and grabbed two children. As he left he could hear some more cries. He sent the two badly frightened children into the waiting room and asked how many more children were down there. They told him two more and Mary grabbed his arm and screamed, “John! Don’t go back! It’s dangerous! That house will fall down in any second!” But he shook her off and went back. It seemed a very long time before he found both children and started back. As he climbed up the endless steps the thought went through his mind that there was something strangely familiar about the little bodies next to him, and at last when they came out into the sunlight and fresh air, he found that he had just rescued his own children. The baby-sitter had left them at this home while she did some shopping. 4. Why did the old lady scream to John? A. To ask him to get away from the fire. B. To ask for his help to save the children. C. To ask him to rescue her from the fire. D. To ask him to take out valuable things from the fire. 5. What was Mary’s response to John’s action? A. She disagreed with it. B. She supported it. C. She misunderstood it. D. She was unconcerned about it. 6. What was the house like before John went back once again? A. It was clean. B. It was burned down. C. It was dangerous. D. It was under repair. 7. What can we infer according to the text? A. Two heads are better than one. B. Where there is a will, there is a way. C. Helping others means helping ourselves. D. God helps those who help themselves. C Some 70 countries, mostly in the Americas and Europe, apply Daylight Saving Time during the summer months. Europe’s clocks will move forward once again this weekend. Yet last week the European Union voted to end this long-established practice from 2022. In the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin came up with the idea of moving the clocks forward in the summer. But the practice really took hold during World War I and since then it has brought several benefits. It might increase consumer spending, as shoppers are encouraged to stay out later into the evening. It might even reduce crime. As the saying goes, “The longer the daylight, the less I do wrong.” In spite of all that, clock-changing is unpopular. When the European Union ran a poll（民意调查）among its citizens, it got nearly 5 million responses. Over 80% want to scrap clock-changing, and for good reasons. Although it has not been proven eventually, many scientists think that changing the clocks messes up humans’ biological clock, which may increase the chances of heart attacks and strokes. It could cause car accidents to increase, as drivers who are used to going to work in the daylight, for example, suddenly have to do so in the dark. In addition, many businesses find it extremely inconvenient that countries change their clocks at different times. So, will Europeans choose to stick with winter or summer time? This has not been decided. It could be that each country will choose for itself, though each is likely to take careful note of neighbors’ decisions. The benefit, it seems, is not so much in deciding how long the evening is, or how dark the morning. It is in keeping it consistent throughout the year. 8. What can we learn from paragraph 2? A. Clock-changing has more benefits than expected. B. People adopted clock-changing after World War I. C. Clock-changing makes people sleepy in the day time. D. People might spend more money after clock-changing. 9. Which of the following best explains “scrap” underlined in paragraph 3? A. Favor. B. Stop. C. Obey. D. Delay. 10. What can we infer about clock-changing in Europe? A. People will continue to use it. B. More changes will be added to it. C. It remains to be seen whether to use it. D. The countries will change their clocks at same times. 11 What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To recall the history of clock-changing. B. To stress the benefits of clock-changing. C. To show people’s opinions on clock-changing. D. To introduce the bad effects of clock-changing. D Advances in generative artificial intelligence (AI) have enabled authentic-sounding speech synthesis (语音合成) to the point that a person can no longer distinguish whether they are talking to another human or a deepfake (深度伪造). If a person’s own voice is “cloned” by a third party without their agreement, bad guys can use it to send any message they want. Computer scientist and engineer Ning Zhang has developed a new method to prevent unauthorized speech synthesis before it takes place: a tool called AntiFake. Traditional deepfake detection methods only work after the damage is done. However, AntiFake prevents voice data from being synthesized into an audio deepfake beforehand. This tool turns the tables on cybercriminals (网络罪犯) by using similar voice cloning techniques they employ, but for voice protection. The software complicates voice data extraction and feature identification crucial for voice synthesis. “We’re using an opposite AI technique originally used by cybercriminals, but now we’re using it against them,” Zhang explained. “We slightly change the recorded audio, just enough to make it unusable for voice clone training while still sounding natural to humans.” Ben Zhao, a professor of computer science at University of Chicago, says that the software, like all digital security systems, will never provide complete protection. But, he adds that it can raise the bar and limit the attack to a smaller group of individuals with significant resources. AntiFake can already protect shorter voice recordings against cloning. The creators of the tool believe that it could be extended to protect larger audio documents or music from misuse. But the methods and tools that are developed must be continuously adapted because cybercriminals will learn and grow with them. 12. What is the primary purpose of AntiFake? A. To improve the quality of synthetic speech. B. To clone voices without the owner’s approval. C. To detect deepfakes after they have been created. D. To stop unapproved speech generation from happening. 13. How does AntiFake differ from these traditional methods? A. It prevents audio deepfakes in advance. B. It cannot detect deepfakes until created. C. It only works on short voice recordings. D. It relies on human listeners to identify deepfakes. 14. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Developers should focus on short voice recordings. B. The battle against deepfakes requires ongoing efforts. C. AntiFake is ineffective against advanced cloning techniques. D. AntiFake provides permanent solutions to the deepfake threat. 15. What is the best title for the text? A. The Future of Voice Technology. B. A Method for Detecting AI Deepfakes. C. The Challenge of Telling Human Voices. D. A Tool to Keep AI from Stealing Your Voice. 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Reach a Healthy Weight Diets aren’t the way to go when it comes to losing weight. Most dieters gain back any lost weight when they go back to their old eating habits. ____16____ Here are four ways to make that happen: Exercise. ____17____ Walking the family dog, cycling to school, and doing other things that increase your daily level of activity can all make a difference. If you want to burn more calories, increase the intensity of your workouts and add some strength exercises to build up your muscles. I he more muscles you have，the more calories you burn, even when you aren’t exercising. ____18____ One reason why people get less exercise these days is that there is an increase in “screen time”—the amount of time spent watching TV looking at the computer, using mobile devices, or playing video games. Limit recreational screen time to less than 2 hours per day. If you’re staying with friends at the mall, you re getting more exercise than if you’re texting them in your room. Watch out for portion distortion. Portion sizes are bigger than they used to be, and these extra calories contribute to obesity. Another key factor in weight gain is that more people drink sugary beverages, such as sodas, juice drinks, and sports drinks. ____19____ Don’t skip breakfast. Breakfast kick starts your metabolism (新陈代谢), burning calories from the beginning and giving you energy to do more things during the day. ____20____ So they get more calories than they would have if they had eaten breakfast. A. Go out regularly. B. Reduce screen time. C. So what’s the best way to drop excess weight? D. Regular physical activity burns calories and builds up muscles. E They are puzzled about how they should deal with their eating habits. F. People who skip breakfast often feel so hungry that they eat more later on. G. So choose smaller portions and go for water or low-fat milk instead of sodas. 第三部分 语言运用 （共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 This morning after an evening fight with my three-year-old daughter, I couldn’t wait to get her to school. I was tired from the anger and her ____21____ to communicate because of her slow language development. As I led her into the car, I felt ____22____. Nothing was right with our world. She was born when my family had been going through a lot of ____23____. Then my child’s language problem was ____24____, but doctors struggled to help her. I felt like we both needed to be ____25____. I returned that afternoon as ____26____ with the little girl I loved as when I left. Walking toward the school’s playground gate, I spotted her preschool teacher racing to ____27____ me. “You should have seen her today,” ____28____, his breathy words were supported by ____29____. “See that climber.” He ____30____ a wooden piece of playground equipment that looked like a rock wall. I nodded. “Well, every day since she started school, she’s tried but ____31____ to reach the top.” He took a breath. “But today she ____32____ it!” He expressed his joy like he’d seen her conquering (征服) Mount Everest! “She cheered and celebrated! I wish I’d recorded it!” His words gave me some ____33____. My daughter had conquered her mountain. As she ran toward me, I ____34____ something I hadn’t before. I saw her determination. I saw her strength. I saw a ____35____. 21. A. attempt B. need C. inability D. desire 22. A. nervous B. peaceful C. hopeless D. curious 23. A. sufferings B. emotions C. efforts D. celebrations 24. A. prevented B. replaced C. solved D. identified 25. A. protected B. rescued C. balanced D. respected 26. A. disappointed B. honest C. strict D. pleased 27. A. greet B. hear C. praise D. escape 28. A. Originally B. Obviously C. Fortunately D. Eventually 29. A. complaint B. confidence C. excitement D. bravery 30. A. took up B. pointed to C. cut down D. worked out 31. A. determined B. refused C. intended D. failed 32. A. missed B. ignored C. tried D. made 33. A. comfort B. luck C. imagination D. description 34. A. displayed B. recognized C. taught D. provided 35. A. player B. mother C. hero D. teacher 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Yellow River is the cradle (摇篮) of China’s civilization, and flood control and prevention have always been key ____36____ the well-being of the people living along it. Now, scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin, ____37____ uses various technologies, ____38____ (include) big data, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of things. Devices set up along the river collect and transmit information to the command center. ____39____ (base) on the information, a 3-D model of the river ____40____ (present) on the computer screen. It’s like the Yellow River has a twin that reflects its real conditions. One big breakthrough in the river’s digital governance (治理) is “smart stones”. According to Wang Qin, a lead researcher at the Information Center of Yellow River Henan Bureau, a smart stone is a water-proof stone-shaped device with chips, a battery, ____41____ a signal transmitter. They are buried in important dike (堤坝) locations ____42____ (record) and report the movement of dike stones. “Upon feeling movement of the dike stones, the smart stones send an alarm to the command center. They do ____43____ trick and the response is particularly quick,” Wang said. “In the past, researchers had to learn the conditions of the dike on the spot by ____44____ (they), putting their lives at risk,” said Zhao Xiaoxiong from the Bureau. “Now the _____45_____ (remark) stones can do this for us, more safely, quickly, and accurately.” 第四部分 写作 （共两节，满分40分） 第一节 （满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，最近你在教来自英国的交换生Jane学习汉语。请你给她写一封邮件告知她下次汉语课的上课计划，内容包括： 1. 时间和地点； 2. 内容：学习唐诗； 3. 课前准备。 注意： 1 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Jane, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节 （满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文 Ali and his younger sister, Zahra, lived with their parents in a poor neighborhood. Their mother was very sick and their father was struggling to find a job, and they had only a little money with which to buy food. As they had not paid the rent for several months, the landlord was breathing down their necks (催促). One day, Ali took Zahra’s shoes to a shoe repairman to be fixed, but he lost them on the way home. It wasn’t until he got home that he realized he had lost the shoes. He was afraid that his parents would be angry and disappointed, so he begged his sister to keep it secret. Zahra agreed and the two decided to share Ali’s running shoes. Zahra’s school hours were in the morning, so she would wear them first. After school, she would rush back and give them to Ali. He could then run to his school, which began in the afternoon. Although he ran as fast as he could, Ali often arrived late and was warned by the school. Ali heard about a long distance race that was held for the boys in the city. When he learned that the third prize was a new pair of shoes, he decided to take part. He ran home excitedly and promised his sister that he would win her the new shoes. The day of race arrived. Ali had a strong start, but halfway through the race he began to get tired and his legs began to ache. Getting more and more exhausted he thought only of Zahra and his promise to her. Dreaming of the new shoes he would win for his sister gave him strength, and he stayed right behind the two fastest runners, determined to finish third. Suddenly, as the finish line drew near, another runner collided (碰撞) with Ali from behind and he crashed to the ground. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Ali looked up and saw the other boys rushing ahead. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Filled with delight, Ali walked home quickly. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2024~2025学年第一学期高二期末检测 英语试卷 考生注意： 第一部分 听力 （共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Where did the man spend his childhood? A. In China. B. In Canada. C. In the US. 2. What will the woman probably do next? A. Change her address. B. Mail some letters. C. Call the post office. 3. What does the man order? A. Cold coffee. B. Corn bread. C. Grape juice. 4. How is the weather now on the beach? A. It’s cloudy. B. It’s rainy. C. It’s fine. 5. What is the woman planning to do? A. Play tennis. B. Go swimming. C. Clean the house. 第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Workmates. B. Friends. C. Strangers. 7. What is the woman going to do next? A. Write a report. B. Look for Alan. C. Have lunch. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What is the weather like now? A. Sunny. B. Rainy. C. Windy. 9. Where does the man know the weather? A. From the radio. B. From the newspaper. C. From the Internet. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. Which building does the man like most? A. The red one. B. The white one. C. The brown one. 11. What do students usually do in the brown building? A. Read books. B. Do exercise. C. Take classes. 12. How often does the man go swimming? A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Once a month. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. What vegetables does the woman need? A. Carrots and lettuce. B. Carrots and peppers. C. Lettuce and peppers. 14. How many degrees does the woman first ask the man to turn the cooker on to? A. 190. B. 200. C. 220. 15. How long will it take to cook the dish? A. 40 minutes. B. 25 minutes. C. 15 minutes. 16. What will the man do while the dish is cooked? A. Do the washing up. B. Make a dessert. C. Watch TV. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What does Maha do? A. A doctor. B. A nurse. C. A worker. 18. What is the book Hard Work about? A. A man and his son. B. A difficult journey. C. A film star. 19. Which book is written by a student? A. The Long Night. B. Hard Work. C. Hospital or Cinema. 20. Where does the story in Hospital or Cinema happen most probably? A In Australia. B. In Thailand. C. In Britain. 第二部分 阅读 （共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Music Opera at Music Hall: 1243 Elm Street. The season runs June through August, with additional performances in March and September. The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts. Phone: 241-2742. http:// www. cityopera. com. Chamber Orchestra: The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street, which offers several concerts from March through June. Call 723-1182 for more information, http:// www. chamberorch. com. Symphony Orchestra: At Music Hall and Riverbend, For ticket sales, call 381-3300. Regular season runs September through May at Music Hall in summer at Riverbend, http:// www. symphony. org/home, asp. College Conservatory of Musi c(CCM): Performances are on the main campus of the university, usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater. CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well-known LaSalle Quartet, CCM’s Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music. Students with I. D. cards can attend the events for free. A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556-4183. http://www.ccm.uc.edu/events/calendar. Riverbend Music Theater: 6295 Kellogg Ave. Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover (price difference). Big name shows all summer long! Phone:232-6220.http://www.riverbendmusic.com. 1. Which number should you call if you want to see an opera? A. 556-4183. B. 232-6220. C. 241-2742. D. 723-1182. 2. When can you go to a concert by Chamber Orchestra? A. In February. B. In May. C. In August. D. In November. 3. What should students do to enjoy music performances at the Patricia Cobbett Theater for free? A. Bring their I. D. cards. B. Buy membership cards. C. Perform on the campus. D. Call the box office in advance. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了音乐会相关布告，包括时间、地点、联系方式和折扣信息等。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Opera at Music Hall: 1243 Elm Street. The season runs June through August, with additional performances in March and September. The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts. Phone: 241-2742.(音乐厅歌剧:榆树街1243号。这个演出季从6月持续到8月，3月和9月还有额外的演出。歌剧荣誉享受艺术会员折扣。电话：241 - 2742。)”可知，如果你想看歌剧，你应该打电话：241 - 2742。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Chamber Orchestra: The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street, which offers several concerts from March through June.(室内乐团：乐团在榆树街1406号的纪念堂演出，从3月到6月有几场音乐会。)”可知，你在5月份能去听室内乐团的音乐会。故选B项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Students with I. D. cards can attend the events for free.(有身份证的学生可以免费参加活动。)”可知，有身份证的学生才能在帕特里夏·科贝特剧院免费欣赏音乐表演。故选A项。 B John and Mary had a nice home and two lovely children. John had just been asked to go on a business trip to another city for several days and Mary would go with him too. They hired a reliable woman to care for their children and returned home a little earlier than they had planned. As they drove into their hometown, they found a home on fire. After having a look, Mary said, “Oh well, it isn’t our fire. Let’s go home.” But John drove closer and said, “That home belongs to Fred Jones who wouldn’t be off work yet. Maybe there is something we could do.” John noticed an old lady screamed to him, “The children! Get the children!” John grabbed her by the shoulder saying, “Get a hold of yourself and tell us where the children are!” “In the basement,” cried the lady. In spite of Mary’s disagreement, John soaked (浸湿) his clothes and ran to the basement which was full of smoke. He found the door and grabbed two children. As he left he could hear some more cries. He sent the two badly frightened children into the waiting room and asked how many more children were down there. They told him two more and Mary grabbed his arm and screamed, “John! Don’t go back! It’s dangerous! That house will fall down in any second!” But he shook her off and went back. It seemed a very long time before he found both children and started back. As he climbed up the endless steps the thought went through his mind that there was something strangely familiar about the little bodies next to him, and at last when they came out into the sunlight and fresh air, he found that he had just rescued his own children. The baby-sitter had left them at this home while she did some shopping. 4. Why did the old lady scream to John? A. To ask him to get away from the fire. B. To ask for his help to save the children. C. To ask him to rescue her from the fire. D. To ask him to take out valuable things from the fire. 5. What was Mary’s response to John’s action? A. She disagreed with it. B. She supported it. C. She misunderstood it. D. She was unconcerned about it. 6. What was the house like before John went back once again? A It was clean. B. It was burned down. C. It was dangerous. D. It was under repair. 7. What can we infer according to the text? A. Two heads are better than one. B. Where there is a will, there is a way. C. Helping others means helping ourselves. D. God helps those who help themselves. 【答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。约翰在回家途中看到一座房子着火了，一位老太太想让他去房子里面救孩子，他不顾妻子的劝阻到里面去救那些孩子，而让人意外的是，他发现那些孩子中有他自己的孩子。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“John noticed an old lady screamed to him, ‘The children! Get the children!’ (约翰注意到一位老太太对他喊道：‘孩子们！找到孩子们！’)” 可知，她是向约翰求助，想让他救孩子。故选B项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“In spite of Mary’s disagreement, John soaked (浸湿) his clothes and ran to the basement which was full of smoke. (尽管玛丽不同意，约翰还是湿透了衣服，跑到烟雾弥漫的地下室。)” 可知，玛丽并不同意约翰的做法。故选A项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“They told him two more and Mary grabbed his arm and screamed, ‘John! Don’t go back! It’s dangerous! That house will fall down in any second!’(他们又告诉他还有两个，玛丽抓住他的胳膊尖叫道：‘约翰！别回去！太危险了！那房子马上就会倒塌！’)”可知，在约翰再次进入那座房子之前，那座房子有可能随时倒塌，很危险。故选C项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“As he climbed up the endless steps the thought went through his mind that there was something strangely familiar about the little bodies next to him, and at last when they came out into the sunlight and fresh air, he found that he had just rescued his own children. The baby-sitter had left them at this home while she did some shopping.(当他爬上无尽的台阶时，脑海中浮现出一种想法，那就是他旁边的小尸体有一种奇怪的熟悉感。最后，当它们暴露在阳光和新鲜空气中时，他发现自己刚刚救了自己的孩子。保姆在购物时把它们留在了家里。)”以及上文可知，约翰在救别人的孩子的时候，意外地也救了他自己的孩子。这个故事说明：帮助他人，实际上就是帮助自己。故选C项。 C Some 70 countries, mostly in the Americas and Europe, apply Daylight Saving Time during the summer months. Europe’s clocks will move forward once again this weekend. Yet last week the European Union voted to end this long-established practice from 2022. In the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin came up with the idea of moving the clocks forward in the summer. But the practice really took hold during World War I and since then it has brought several benefits. It might increase consumer spending, as shoppers are encouraged to stay out later into the evening. It might even reduce crime. As the saying goes, “The longer the daylight, the less I do wrong.” In spite of all that, clock-changing is unpopular. When the European Union ran a poll（民意调查）among its citizens, it got nearly 5 million responses. Over 80% want to scrap clock-changing, and for good reasons. Although it has not been proven eventually, many scientists think that changing the clocks messes up humans’ biological clock, which may increase the chances of heart attacks and strokes. It could cause car accidents to increase, as drivers who are used to going to work in the daylight, for example, suddenly have to do so in the dark. In addition, many businesses find it extremely inconvenient that countries change their clocks at different times. So, will Europeans choose to stick with winter or summer time? This has not been decided. It could be that each country will choose for itself, though each is likely to take careful note of neighbors’ decisions. The benefit, it seems, is not so much in deciding how long the evening is, or how dark the morning. It is in keeping it consistent throughout the year. 8. What can we learn from paragraph 2? A. Clock-changing has more benefits than expected. B. People adopted clock-changing after World War I. C. Clock-changing makes people sleepy in the day time. D. People might spend more money after clock-changing. 9. Which of the following best explains “scrap” underlined in paragraph 3? A. Favor. B. Stop. C. Obey. D. Delay. 10. What can we infer about clock-changing in Europe? A. People will continue to use it. B. More changes will be added to it. C. It remains to be seen whether to use it. D. The countries will change their clocks at same times. 11. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To recall the history of clock-changing. B. To stress the benefits of clock-changing. C. To show people’s opinions on clock-changing. D. To introduce the bad effects of clock-changing. 【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了欧洲实行夏令时的优点和缺陷，以及民众对是否继续使用夏令时的看法。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It might increase consumer spending, as shoppers are encouraged to stay out later into the evening. ”（ 这可能会增加消费者支出，因为消费者被鼓励晚上在外面呆到更晚。）可知，使用夏令时后，人们待在外面的时间变长，这可能增加人们的消费。故选D项。 【9题详解】 词句猜测题。根据本段中的“In spite of all that, clock-changing is unpopular. ”（ 尽管如此，改变时间还是不受欢迎。）可知，夏令时是不受欢迎的，所以进行民意调查的结果肯定是人们希望停止这一确立已久的做法，划线词词义为“停止”，故选B项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“This has not been decided. ”（还没有确定。）可知，欧洲国家最终还没有决定是否继续使用夏令时。故选C项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。文章第二段提到了使用夏令时的优点，同时在第三段也说明了其不足，因此文章旨在客观地介绍民众关于夏令时的各种看法。故选C项。 D Advances in generative artificial intelligence (AI) have enabled authentic-sounding speech synthesis (语音合成) to the point that a person can no longer distinguish whether they are talking to another human or a deepfake (深度伪造). If a person’s own voice is “cloned” by a third party without their agreement, bad guys can use it to send any message they want. Computer scientist and engineer Ning Zhang has developed a new method to prevent unauthorized speech synthesis before it takes place: a tool called AntiFake. Traditional deepfake detection methods only work after the damage is done. However, AntiFake prevents voice data from being synthesized into an audio deepfake beforehand. This tool turns the tables on cybercriminals (网络罪犯) by using similar voice cloning techniques they employ, but for voice protection. The software complicates voice data extraction and feature identification crucial for voice synthesis. “We’re using an opposite AI technique originally used by cybercriminals, but now we’re using it against them,” Zhang explained. “We slightly change the recorded audio, just enough to make it unusable for voice clone training while still sounding natural to humans.” Ben Zhao, a professor of computer science at University of Chicago, says that the software, like all digital security systems, will never provide complete protection. But, he adds that it can raise the bar and limit the attack to a smaller group of individuals with significant resources. AntiFake can already protect shorter voice recordings against cloning. The creators of the tool believe that it could be extended to protect larger audio documents or music from misuse. But the methods and tools that are developed must be continuously adapted because cybercriminals will learn and grow with them. 12. What is the primary purpose of AntiFake? A. To improve the quality of synthetic speech. B. To clone voices without the owner’s approval. C. To detect deepfakes after they have been created. D. To stop unapproved speech generation from happening. 13. How does AntiFake differ from these traditional methods? A. It prevents audio deepfakes in advance. B. It cannot detect deepfakes until created. C. It only works on short voice recordings. D. It relies on human listeners to identify deepfakes. 14. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Developers should focus on short voice recordings. B. The battle against deepfakes requires ongoing efforts. C. AntiFake is ineffective against advanced cloning techniques. D. AntiFake provides permanent solutions to the deepfake threat. 15. What is the best title for the text? A. The Future of Voice Technology. B. A Method for Detecting AI Deepfakes. C. The Challenge of Telling Human Voices. D. A Tool to Keep AI from Stealing Your Voice. 【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文属于说明文，主要介绍了一种名为AntiFake的新技术工具，该工具旨在通过预先阻止未经授权的语音合成来应对语音深度伪造的问题。文中详细阐述了该技术的工作原理、与传统方法的差异、以及在数字安全领域的应用前景和挑战，同时提及了持续改进的必要性，以对抗不断进化的网络犯罪手段。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“However, AntiFake prevents voice data from being synthesized into an audio deepfake beforehand. (然而，AntiFake可以防止语音数据事先被合成成音频深度伪造。)”可知，AntiFake的主要目的是阻止未经授权的语音生成发生。故选D。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“Traditional deepfake detection methods only work after the damage is done. However, AntiFake prevents voice data from being synthesized into an audio deepfake beforehand. (传统的深度伪造检测方法只有在损坏发生后才有效。然而，AntiFake可以防止语音数据事先被合成成音频深度伪造。)”可知，AntiFake与传统方法的不同之处在于它能提前防止音频深度伪造。故选A。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的“But the methods and tools that are developed must be continuously adapted because cybercriminals will learn and grow with them. (但是，开发的方法和工具必须不断适应，因为网络犯罪分子将与他们一起学习和成长。)”可知，对抗深度伪造的斗争需要不断的努力，因为网络犯罪分子会随着技术的发展而学习和成长。故选B。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段“Computer scientist and engineer Ning Zhang has developed a new method to prevent unauthorized speech synthesis before it takes place: a tool called AntiFake. (计算机科学家和工程师张宁开发了一种新方法，可以在未经授权的语音合成发生之前阻止它：一种名为AntiFake的工具。)”可知，文章主要介绍了新工具AntiFake，该工具能预防声音被未经授权地克隆用于深度伪造，旨在保护个人的声音不被盗用。故选D。 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Reach a Healthy Weight Diets aren’t the way to go when it comes to losing weight. Most dieters gain back any lost weight when they go back to their old eating habits. ____16____ Here are four ways to make that happen: Exercise. ____17____ Walking the family dog, cycling to school, and doing other things that increase your daily level of activity can all make a difference. If you want to burn more calories, increase the intensity of your workouts and add some strength exercises to build up your muscles. I he more muscles you have，the more calories you burn, even when you aren’t exercising. ____18____ One reason why people get less exercise these days is that there is an increase in “screen time”—the amount of time spent watching TV, looking at the computer, using mobile devices, or playing video games. Limit recreational screen time to less than 2 hours per day. If you’re staying with friends at the mall, you re getting more exercise than if you’re texting them in your room. Watch out for portion distortion. Portion sizes are bigger than they used to be, and these extra calories contribute to obesity. Another key factor in weight gain is that more people drink sugary beverages, such as sodas, juice drinks, and sports drinks. ____19____ Don’t skip breakfast. Breakfast kick starts your metabolism (新陈代谢), burning calories from the beginning and giving you energy to do more things during the day. ____20____ So they get more calories than they would have if they had eaten breakfast. A. Go out regularly. B. Reduce screen time. C. So what’s the best way to drop excess weight? D. Regular physical activity burns calories and builds up muscles. E. They are puzzled about how they should deal with their eating habits. F. People who skip breakfast often feel so hungry that they eat more later on. G. So choose smaller portions and go for water or low-fat milk instead of sodas. 【答案】16. C 17. D 18. B 19. G 20. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了实现减肥的四个方法：规律锻炼、减少屏幕使用时间、注意分量失真以及不要不吃早餐。 【16题详解】 根据空处下句“Here are four ways to make that happen:（ 以下是实现这一目标的四种方法:）”可知，这是对C选项“So what’s the best way to drop excess weight?（那么，减肥的最好方法是什么呢?）”问题的回答，符合上下文。故选C项。 【17题详解】 根据空处该段小标题“Exercise.(锻炼)”以及空处后句“Walking the family dog, cycling to school, and doing other things that increase your daily level of activity can all make a difference.（遛家里的狗，骑自行车上学，做其他的事情，增加你的日常活动水平都可以发挥作用。）”是对D选项“Regular physical activity burns calories and builds up muscles.（有规律的体育活动可以燃烧卡路里，增强肌肉。）”的进一步解释和举例。故选D项。 【18题详解】 根据空处该段后文“Limit recreational screen time to less than 2 hours per day.（每天用屏幕娱乐的时间不要超过2小时。）”可知，本段主要是建议减少看屏幕的时间，所以B选项“Reduce screen time.（减少屏幕时间）”符合段意。故选B项。 【19题详解】 根据空处前两句“Portion sizes are bigger than they used to be, and these extra calories contribute to obesity. Another key factor in weight gain is that more people drink sugary beverages, such as sodas, juice drinks, and sports drinks.（食物的分量比以前大了，这些额外的热量会导致肥胖。另一个导致体重增加的关键因素是，越来越多的人喝含糖饮料，如苏打水、果汁和运动饮料。）可知，这里是再介绍不健康的做法，因此G选项“So choose smaller portions and go for water or low-fat milk instead of sodas.（所以选择小份量的饮料，用水或低脂牛奶代替苏打水。）”是正确做法的结论补充。故选G项。 【20题详解】 根据空处下句“So they get more calories than they would have if they had eaten breakfast.（所以他们摄入的卡路里比他们吃早餐时摄入的要多。）”可知，F选项“People who skip breakfast often feel so hungry that they eat more later on.（不吃早餐的人通常会觉得很饿，所以之后会吃得更多。）”与空处互为因果关系，符合上下文。故选F项。 第三部分 语言运用 （共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 This morning after an evening fight with my three-year-old daughter, I couldn’t wait to get her to school. I was tired from the anger and her ____21____ to communicate because of her slow language development. As I led her into the car, I felt ____22____. Nothing was right with our world. She was born when my family had been going through a lot of ____23____. Then my child’s language problem was ____24____, but doctors struggled to help her. I felt like we both needed to be ____25____. I returned that afternoon as ____26____ with the little girl I loved as when I left. Walking toward the school’s playground gate, I spotted her preschool teacher racing to ____27____ me. “You should have seen her today,” ____28____, his breathy words were supported by ____29____. “See that climber.” He ____30____ a wooden piece of playground equipment that looked like a rock wall. I nodded. “Well, every day since she started school, she’s tried but ____31____ to reach the top.” He took a breath. “But today she ____32____ it!” He expressed his joy like he’d seen her conquering (征服) Mount Everest! “She cheered and celebrated! I wish I’d recorded it!” His words gave me some ____33____. My daughter had conquered her mountain. As she ran toward me, I ____34____ something I hadn’t before. I saw her determination. I saw her strength. I saw a ____35____. 21. A. attempt B. need C. inability D. desire 22. A. nervous B. peaceful C. hopeless D. curious 23. A. sufferings B. emotions C. efforts D. celebrations 24. A. prevented B. replaced C. solved D. identified 25. A. protected B. rescued C. balanced D. respected 26. A. disappointed B. honest C. strict D. pleased 27. A. greet B. hear C. praise D. escape 28. A. Originally B. Obviously C. Fortunately D. Eventually 29. A. complaint B. confidence C. excitement D. bravery 30. A. took up B. pointed to C. cut down D. worked out 31. A. determined B. refused C. intended D. failed 32. A. missed B. ignored C. tried D. made 33. A. comfort B. luck C. imagination D. description 34. A. displayed B. recognized C. taught D. provided 35. A. player B. mother C. hero D. teacher 【答案】21. C 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. B 31. D 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因三岁女儿语言发展迟缓、沟通困难而感到疲惫绝望。然而，在得知女儿日复一日努力后终于成功攀上攀爬架后，作者从老师兴奋的分享中获得慰藉，并重新认识了女儿的坚韧与力量，视她为英雄。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我因愤怒和她因语言发展迟缓而无法沟通感到疲惫。A. attempt尝试；B. need需要；C. inability无能力；D. desire渴望。根据后文“because of her slow language development”可知，女儿的语言发展是缓慢的，这直接导致了她在沟通上的障碍，因此这里应是她“没有能力”沟通。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我领她上车时，我感到绝望。A. nervous紧张的；B. peaceful平静的；C. hopeless绝望的；D. curious好奇的。根据前文“This morning after an evening fight with my three-year-old daughter, I couldn’t wait to get her to school.”描述与女儿争吵后的疲惫，以及后文“Nothing was right with our world.”的总结，可以推断出作者当时的心境是非常消极和“绝望的”。故选C项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她出生时，我的家庭正经历着许多磨难。A. sufferings苦难；B. emotions情感；C. efforts努力；D. celebrations庆祝。根据前文“Nothing was right with our world.”和后文“Then my child’s language problem ____ doctors struggled to help her. I felt like we both needed to be ____.”可推知，作者的生活历经“苦难”，才会有“我们的世界一切都不对劲”这样的感受。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来我孩子的语言问题被查明了，但医生们努力帮助她。A. prevented阻止；B. replaced取代；C. solved解决；D. identified查明，发现。根据前文“my child’s language problem”和后文“doctors struggled to help her”可推知，先是孩子的问题被“查明”，然后医生尽力提供帮助。故选D项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我觉得我们俩都需要被拯救。A. protected保护；B. rescued拯救；C. balanced平衡；D. respected尊重。从前文看，作者感到“绝望”，家庭有“磨难”，孩子的问题被确诊却难以解决，这种困境让作者感觉深陷其中，需要外力来将他们从这种境况中“拯救”出来。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那天下午，我带着和我离开时一样失望的心情，回到这个我深爱的小女孩身边。A. disappointed失望的；B. honest诚实的；C. strict严格的；D. pleased高兴的。根据前文“This morning after an evening fight with my three-year-old daughter, I couldn’t wait to get her to school.”可知，早晨作者是带着愤怒、疲惫和绝望的心情送孩子上学的，结合后文“as when I left”可知，作者心情应该没有改变，是“失望的”。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：走向学校操场大门时，我看到她的学前班老师快步跑来和我打招呼。A. greet和……打招呼或问好；B. hear听到；C. praise表扬；D. escape逃离。根据后文“You should have seen her today”老师的分享可推知，老师有消息要告诉作者，所以主动跑向作者打招呼。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：显然，他气喘吁吁的话语中充满了兴奋。A. Originally最初；B. Obviously显然，明显地；C. Fortunately幸运地；D. Eventually最终。根据前文老师的话“You should have seen her today,”和后文“his breathy words”可推知，老师气喘吁吁的话语中的情绪是显而易见的，用副词obviously作状语，符合语境。故选B项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：显然，他气喘吁吁的话语中充满了兴奋。A. complaint抱怨；B. confidence信心；C. excitement兴奋；D. bravery勇敢。根据前文老师的话“You should have seen her today,”和后文“See that climber.”可推知，老师为孩子们的成长感到惊讶和高兴，语言和情绪都明确指向了“兴奋”。故选C项。 【30题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他指向一个看起来像岩壁的木制游乐场设备。A. took up占据，开始从事；B. pointed to指向；C. cut down砍倒；D. worked out算出，解决。根据前文“See that climber.”以及后文“a wooden piece of playground equipment”可知，老师正在向作者指孩子所在的位置，最自然的动作是“指向”它。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：嗯，自从她开始上学以来，她每天都在尝试，但都未能到达顶部。A. determined决心；B. refused拒绝；C. intended打算；D. failed失败。句中“but”表示转折，前半句是“tried”，后半句应是与成功相反的结果，说明之前是“失败”了。故选D项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但今天她成功了！A. missed错过；B. ignored忽视；C. tried尝试；D. made实现，成功。根据前文“Well, every day since she started school, she’s tried but ____ to reach the top.”可知，作者的女儿之前一直在尝试，但没有成功，结合“But today”可推知，今天“成功做到”，与前文构成转折关系。故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的话给了我一些安慰。A. comfort安慰；B. luck运气；C. imagination想象；D. description描述。前文作者一直处于疲惫、绝望的状态，而听到老师分享女儿的成功和喜悦后，作者的心情发生了变化，这种积极的情绪冲击了之前的负面情绪，所以老师的话带来的是“安慰”。故选A项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她向我跑来时，我认识到了一些我以前没有认识到的东西。A. displayed展示；B. recognized认识到；C. taught教；D. provided提供。根据后文“I saw her determination. I saw her strength.”可知，这是作者内心的一种新发现和认知，因此是“认识到”。故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我看到了一位英雄。A. player玩家，运动员；B. mother母亲；C. hero英雄；D. teacher老师。前文将攀爬架比作“Mount Everest”，并使用了“conquering”一词，同时作者看到了女儿的“determination”和“strength”。将一个孩子克服自身困难和物理挑战的壮举比作征服高山，那么完成这一壮举的孩子自然就像一位“英雄”。故选C项。 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Yellow River is the cradle (摇篮) of China’s civilization, and flood control and prevention have always been key ____36____ the well-being of the people living along it. Now, scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin, ____37____ uses various technologies, ____38____ (include) big data, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of things. Devices set up along the river collect and transmit information to the command center. ____39____ (base) on the information, a 3-D model of the river ____40____ (present) on the computer screen. It’s like the Yellow River has a twin that reflects its real conditions. One big breakthrough in the river’s digital governance (治理) is “smart stones”. According to Wang Qin, a lead researcher at the Information Center of Yellow River Henan Bureau, a smart stone is a water-proof stone-shaped device with chips, a battery, ____41____ a signal transmitter. They are buried in important dike (堤坝) locations ____42____ (record) and report the movement of dike stones. “Upon feeling movement of the dike stones, the smart stones send an alarm to the command center. They do ____43____ trick and the response is particularly quick,” Wang said. “In the past, researchers had to learn the conditions of the dike on the spot by ____44____ (they), putting their lives at risk,” said Zhao Xiaoxiong from the Bureau. “Now the _____45_____ (remark) stones can do this for us, more safely, quickly, and accurately.” 【答案】36. to 37. which 38. including 39. Based 40. is presented 41. and 42. to record 43. the 44. themselves 45. remarkable 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黄河的数字化治理，包括数字孪生技术和智能石头的应用，以及这些技术如何帮助科学家更好地进行防洪工作。 【36题详解】 考查介词。句意：黄河是中华文明的摇篮，防洪防汛一直是沿岸人民幸福生活的关键。“key to...”是固定短语，意为“是……的关键”，to是介词。故填to。 【37题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：现在，科学家们可以通过为黄河创造一个数字孪生体来更好地处理这些问题，这个孪生体使用了包括大数据、人工智能和物联网在内的各种技术。“__2__uses various technologies...”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a digital twin，指物，关系词将其代入定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 【38题详解】 考查介词。句意：现在，科学家们可以通过为黄河创造一个数字孪生体来更好地处理这些问题，这个孪生体使用了包括大数据、人工智能和物联网在内的各种技术。根据句意和句子结构可知，空格处需要填入介词including，意为“包括”，构成介词短语作状语，表示“包括大数据、人工智能和物联网在内”。故填including。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：根据这些信息，河流的三维模型呈现在电脑屏幕上。“(base) on the information”作状语，base(以……为基础)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语a 3-D model之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动；句首单词首字母大写。故填Based。 【40题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：根据这些信息，河流的三维模型呈现在电脑屏幕上。present(呈现)是谓语动词，与主语a 3-D model之间是被动关系，结合语境可知，讲述现在的情况，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is presented。 【41题详解】 考查连词。句意：据河南省黄河信息中心的首席研究员王琴介绍，智能石头是一种防水石头形状的设备，带有芯片、电池和信号发射器。chips，a battery和a signal transmitter是并列关系，表示“芯片、电池和信号发射器”，用并列连词and连接。故填and。 【42题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们被埋在重要堤坝位置，以记录和报告堤坝石头的移动。“(record) and report the movement of dike stones”是“are buried in important dike (堤坝) locations”的目的，用不定式to record作目的状语。故填to record。 【43题详解】 考查冠词。句意：王说：“它们能起作用，反应特别快。”根据句意可知，句子特指上文提到的“智能石头耍的花招”，应用定冠词the限定。故填the。 【44题详解】 考查反身代词。句意：“过去，研究人员不得不亲自到现场了解堤坝的情况，冒着生命危险，”该局赵晓雄说。by oneself是固定短语，意为“亲自”，they的反身代词是themselves。故填themselves。 【45题详解】 考查形容词。句意：“现在，这些了不起的石头可以为我们更安全、更快、更准确地做到这一点。”提示词修饰名词stones，用形容词remarkable作定语，意为“了不起的，非凡的”。故填remarkable。 第四部分 写作 （共两节，满分40分） 第一节 （满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，最近你在教来自英国的交换生Jane学习汉语。请你给她写一封邮件告知她下次汉语课的上课计划，内容包括： 1. 时间和地点； 2. 内容：学习唐诗； 3. 课前准备。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Jane, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】例文 Dear Jane, I am happy you have made some progress in learning Chinese. Now, I am writing to inform you of our next lesson. The next lesson will be given at two on Sunday afternoon at the coffee shop near our school. It is worth mentioning that you will learn Tang poetry, which reflects Chinese traditional culture and enjoys great popularity among Chinese learners. And I have to remind you that you’d better have a brief understanding of the history of Tang Dynasty before class, which will help you with the appreciation of Tang poetry. That’s all. I am looking forward to our meeting. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于告知信。要求考生给交换生Jane写邮件告知她下次汉语课的上课计划。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 进步：progress → advance 值得一提的是：it is worth mentioning that → it should be noted that 流行：popularity → prevalence 简要的：brief → concise 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The next lesson will be given at two on Sunday afternoon at the coffee shop near our school. 拓展句：The next lesson, which will be given at two on Sunday afternoon, will take place at the coffee shop near our school. 【点睛】[高分句型1] It is worth mentioning that you will learn Tang poetry, which reflects Chinese traditional culture and enjoys great popularity among Chinese learners. (运用了that引导的主语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] And I have to remind you that you’d better have a brief understanding of the history of Tang Dynasty before class, which will help you with the appreciation of Tang poetry. (运用了that引导的宾语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句) 第二节 （满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文 Ali and his younger sister, Zahra, lived with their parents in a poor neighborhood. Their mother was very sick and their father was struggling to find a job, and they had only a little money with which to buy food. As they had not paid the rent for several months, the landlord was breathing down their necks (催促). One day, Ali took Zahra’s shoes to a shoe repairman to be fixed, but he lost them on the way home. It wasn’t until he got home that he realized he had lost the shoes. He was afraid that his parents would be angry and disappointed, so he begged his sister to keep it secret. Zahra agreed and the two decided to share Ali’s running shoes. Zahra’s school hours were in the morning, so she would wear them first. After school, she would rush back and give them to Ali. He could then run to his school, which began in the afternoon. Although he ran as fast as he could, Ali often arrived late and was warned by the school. Ali heard about a long distance race that was held for the boys in the city. When he learned that the third prize was a new pair of shoes, he decided to take part. He ran home excitedly and promised his sister that he would win her the new shoes. The day of race arrived. Ali had a strong start, but halfway through the race he began to get tired and his legs began to ache. Getting more and more exhausted he thought only of Zahra and his promise to her. Dreaming of the new shoes he would win for his sister gave him strength, and he stayed right behind the two fastest runners, determined to finish third. Suddenly, as the finish line drew near, another runner collided (碰撞) with Ali from behind and he crashed to the ground. 注意： 1.续写词数应150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Ali looked up and saw the other boys rushing ahead. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Filled with delight, Ali walked home quickly. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Ali looked up and saw the other boys rushing ahead. Refusing to give up at this point, he jumped to his feet and ran as fast as he could. He dashed across the finish line and won the fourth prize. Thinking he would let his sister down, Ali couldn’t help sobbing. Just then he suddenly heard the announcement from the broadcast that he won the third prize as the runner who collided with Ali was disqualified for breaking the rule. Holding the shoes close to his chest during the award ceremony, Ali felt overjoyed and relieved. Filled with delight, Ali walked home quickly. He could not wait to see his sister and share the thrilling news. On his arrival, Ali found Zahra was waiting outside. She was wondering whether her brother had brought her what she was expecting. “Zahra, see what I have got for you.” He took the prize out of his bag with his trembling hands. The moment Zahra saw the shoes, her face lit up. So thrilled was she that she threw herself at Ali. “Thank you! Ali.” Tears of joy welled up in their eyes. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，本文讲述了一个在一个贫困的家庭里有两个孩子，他们身上的钱只够买吃的，一天Ali带着妹妹的鞋子去修理，结果半路上却把鞋子丢了，两人商量好两个人先穿一双鞋。有一次学校举办跑步比赛，奖品是一双鞋，Ali决定参加并且获取第一。可就快到终点时，被人撞倒了，摔在了地上。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“Ali抬起头，看到其他男孩都冲在前面。”可知，第一段可描写他拒绝放弃，快速地跑去，冲过终点线，获得了第四名，但是广播中宣布自己是第三名，撞到他的跑步者因违规而被取消资格，在颁奖典礼上，把鞋子紧贴胸前，欣喜若狂。 ②由第二段首句内容“Ali满怀喜悦，快步走回家。”可知，第二段可描写他迫切的想与妹妹分享这个激动人心的消息，妹妹很期待哥哥给她带来的礼物，看到鞋子的那一刻脸上露出了光芒，向哥哥表示了感谢，喜悦的泪水在眼眶中涌出。 2.续写线索：抬起头——拒绝——冲向终点——欣喜若狂——回家——分享——礼物——感谢——喜悦 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①跳：jump/leap/spring ②违反：break/violate ③看见：see/catch sight of 情绪类 ①失望：let sb down/disappoint sb ②欣喜若狂：overjoyed/ecstatic/elated ③激动的：thrilled/excited 【点睛】[高分句型1] Refusing to give up at this point, he jumped to his feet and ran as fast as he could. (运用了现在分词作状语) [高分句型2] She was wondering whether her brother had brought her what she was expecting. (运用了whether引导的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $