Unit 4 动词不定式作宾语补足语语法讲解及习题-2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级上册

该初中英语讲义通过分类梳理与对比分析构建动词不定式作宾语补足语的知识体系，用结构框架图呈现核心结构“主语+谓语+宾语+to do sth.”，通过动词分类表归纳带to、不带to及特殊动词用法，清晰展示重难点分布与内在逻辑。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计，题型一考查to的省略与保留（如“ My father makes me ______ (practice)”），题型二通过被动语态改写（如将主动句改为“Lily was made to clean...”）培养语言转换能力，题型三辨析易混结构提升思维品质。基础题巩固规则，综合题强化应用，助力不同层次学生提升语言能力，为教师精准教学提供支持。

外研版八年级上册Unit 4 语法讲解 动词不定式作宾语补足语 一、语法定义 宾语补足语是补充说明宾语动作、状态或特征的成分，动词不定式（to do）作宾语补足语的核心结构为主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + to do sth.，用以说明宾语发出的动作或所处状态。部分使役、感官动词后接不定式作宾补时，to可省略。 二、核心用法 用法1：接带to的不定式作宾补的动词 此类动词后需接“宾语 + to do sth.”，强调宾语即将发生的动作，常见动词有：ask、tell、want、expect、encourage、invite、allow、teach、order、warn等。 · 结构：主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + to do sth. · 否定形式：主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + not to do sth. · 例句： a. The teacher asks us to finish homework on time.（老师要求我们按时完成作业） b. I warned him not to swim in the river.（我警告他不要在河里游泳） 用法2：接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词 此类动词多为使役动词或感官动词，后接“宾语 + do sth.”（省略to），强调动作的全过程。 1. 使役动词：make（使）、let（让）、have（使/让） 例句： · My mom makes me clean my room weekly.（妈妈让我每周打扫房间） · Let her go with us.（让她和我们一起去） 2. 感官动词：see、watch、hear、notice、feel（看/听/注意到/感觉） 例句： · I saw them play basketball on the playground.（我看见他们在操场打篮球） · She heard someone knock at the door.（她听到有人敲门） 关键提醒：使役、感官动词用于被动语态时，省略的to需还原。 例：He was made to finish the work alone.（他被迫独自完成工作） 用法3：特殊动词的宾补用法 1. help：后接“宾语 + (to) do sth.”，to可省可不省。 例句：I helped her (to) carry the heavy box.（我帮她搬重箱子） 2. find/think/believe：后接“宾语 + to be + 形容词/名词”，to be可省略。 例句：We find him (to be) very honest.（我们发现他很诚实） 三、易混点辨析 1. 宾语补足语 vs 双宾语 · 双宾语：动词后接“人 + 物”，两者无逻辑主谓关系（如give sb. sth.）。 例：She gave me a pen.（me和a pen无主谓关系） · 宾补：宾语与补足语有逻辑主谓关系（宾语是补足语动作的发出者）。 例：She asked me to use the pen.（me是to use the pen的发出者） 2. hope无宾补用法：hope后只能接to do sth.或that从句，不能接“宾语 + to do sth.”。 错误：I hope you to come early. 正确：I hope you can come early. 语法习题 题型一：用所给动词的适当形式填空 （考查宾补结构中to的省略与保留规则） 1. The teacher told us ______ (not talk) in class. 2. My father makes me ______ (practice) the piano every day. 3. We expect them ______ (win) the competition. 4. I noticed a girl ______ (cry) in the corner just now. 5. She asked me ______ (help) her with Chinese. 6. Let the children ______ (play) outside for a while. 7. The manager ordered his staff ______ (finish) the task by Friday. 8. He felt the ground ______ (shake) suddenly. 9. Our teacher encourages us ______ (read) more classic books. 10. My mom had me ______ (wash) the clothes yesterday. 题型二：按要求改写句子 （考查被动语态中to的还原、否定句、特殊疑问句转换） 1. Tom made Lily clean the blackboard.（改为被动语态） _________________________________________________________________ 2. She asked Jack to bring a dictionary.（改为否定句） _________________________________________________________________ 3. I heard him sing a pop song.（改为被动语态） _________________________________________________________________ 4. The coach encourages players to train hard.（改为否定句） _________________________________________________________________ 5. Let’s clean the classroom together.（改为否定句） _________________________________________________________________ 6. He told me to wait for him at the gate.（对划线部分“to wait for him at the gate”提问） _________________________________________________________________ 7. I helped her (to) prepare for the exam.（改为同义句，用help with） _________________________________________________________________ 8. They want the students to join the club.（改为一般疑问句） _________________________________________________________________ 9. I think this movie is very exciting.（用不定式作宾补改写） _________________________________________________________________ 10. The boss allowed workers to take a day off.（改为被动语态） _________________________________________________________________ 题型三：单项选择 （考查宾补固定搭配、to的省略与还原、易混结构） 1. My teacher wants me ______ English every morning. A. read B. to read C. reading 2. I watched them ______ football when I passed the playground. A. play B. to play C. playing 3. The boss made his workers ______ for 10 hours a day. A. work B. to work C. working 4. She was seen ______ the building at midnight yesterday. A. enter B. to enter C. entering 5. We encourage children ______ outdoor activities often. A. to take part in B. take part in C. taking part in 6. Let ______ help you with your math problems. A. I B. me C. my 7. I hope ______ my grandparents this weekend. A. visit B. to visit C. you to visit 8. He told the students ______ noisy in the reading room. A. not be B. don’t be C. not to be 9. She helped me ______ my suitcase to the station. A. to carry B. carrying C. carry 10. The teacher ordered the students ______ their books at once. A. open B. to open C. opening 习题答案与详细解析 题型一：用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. not to talk（tell后接带to的不定式否定式：tell sb. not to do sth.） 2. practice（make后接不带to的不定式：make sb. do sth.） 3. to win（expect后接带to的不定式：expect sb. to do sth.） 4. cry（notice后接不带to的不定式，表看到动作全过程） 5. to help（ask后接带to的不定式：ask sb. to do sth.） 6. play（let后接不带to的不定式：let sb. do sth.） 7. to finish（order后接带to的不定式：order sb. to do sth.） 8. shake（feel后接不带to的不定式，表感觉到动作全过程） 9. to read（encourage后接带to的不定式：encourage sb. to do sth.） 10. wash（have作使役动词，后接不带to的不定式：have sb. do sth.） 题型二：按要求改写句子 1. Lily was made to clean the blackboard by Tom. 解析：make用于被动语态时，省略的to需还原，结构为“宾语变主语 + be made to do sth. + by 动作发出者”。 2. She asked Jack not to bring a dictionary. 解析：ask后接不定式否定式为ask sb. not to do sth.。 3. He was heard to sing a pop song by me. 解析：hear用于被动语态时，省略的to需还原，结构为“宾语变主语 + be heard to do sth. + by 动作发出者”。 4. The coach encourages players not to train hard. 解析：encourage后接不定式否定式为encourage sb. not to do sth.。 5. Let’s not clean the classroom together. 解析：Let’s的否定形式为Let’s not do sth.。 6. What did he tell you to do? 解析：对不定式动作提问用what，保留“tell sb. to do”结构，其余变一般疑问句。 7. I helped her with her exam preparation. 解析：help sb. (to) do sth.的同义结构为help sb. with sth.，需将prepare for the exam转换为exam preparation。 8. Do they want the students to join the club? 解析：一般现在时的一般疑问句，助动词do提至句首，其余结构不变。 9. I think this movie to be very exciting. 解析：think后可接“宾语 + to be + 形容词”作宾补，to be可省略，此处还原to be。 10. Workers were allowed to take a day off by the boss. 解析：allow用于被动语态时，结构为“宾语变主语 + be allowed to do sth. + by 动作发出者”。 题型三：单项选择 1. B 解析：want后接带to的不定式作宾补，结构为want sb. to do sth.。 2. A 解析：watch后接不带to的不定式，表看到动作全过程，用play。 3. A 解析：make后接不带to的不定式，结构为make sb. do sth.。 4. B 解析：see用于被动语态时，省略的to需还原，用to enter。 5. A 解析：encourage后接带to的不定式，take part in为固定短语，用to take part in。 6. B 解析：let后接宾格代词作宾语，I的宾格为me。 7. B 解析：hope后接to do sth.，不能接sb. to do sth.，用to visit。 8. C 解析：tell后接不定式否定式为tell sb. not to do sth.，用not to be。 9. A 解析：help后可接(to) do sth.，选项中to carry为规范形式（do也正确，此处选A）。 10. B 解析：order后接带to的不定式作宾补，结构为order sb. to do sth.。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $