Unit 3 动词不定式与-ing 形式作宾语语法讲义 2025-2026学年外研版八年级英语上册

该初中英语讲义通过分类梳理与对比表格系统构建动词不定式与-ing形式作宾语的语法体系，涵盖只能接不定式（want, hope等）、只能接-ing形式（enjoy, finish等）及两者皆可接的动词用法，用对比表格呈现语义差异动词（如stop, forget）的核心区别，清晰展现知识内在逻辑与重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于分层递进的练习设计，题型一夯实固定搭配（如hope to do），题型二强化语义辨析（如like doing/to do），题型三突破易混点（如介词后-ing），结合具体语境培养语言运用能力与逻辑思维品质。答案解析详尽，助力学生自主纠错，教师可据此实施分层教学，提升复习效率。

外研版八年级上册Unit 3 语法讲解 动词不定式与-ing形式作宾语 一、语法定义 动词不定式（to do）和动名词（-ing形式）均可作及物动词的宾语，核心区别在于动词的搭配习惯和表达的语义侧重：不定式常表具体、一次性的动作，-ing形式常表抽象、习惯性的动作。 二、核心用法 用法1：只能接不定式作宾语的动词 这类动词后接不定式，强调动作的具体性、将来性，常见动词有：want, hope, decide, plan, try, manage, wish, agree, refuse, promise, learn, choose等。 · 结构：主语 + 及物动词 + to do sth. · 例句： a. She wants to learn English well.（具体的愿望） b. We decided to visit the museum tomorrow.（具体的决定） c. He promised to help me with my homework.（具体的承诺） 用法2：只能接-ing形式作宾语的动词 这类动词后接-ing形式，强调动作的习惯性、抽象性，常见动词有：enjoy, finish, mind, practice, avoid, keep, miss, suggest, consider, dislike, risk等。 · 结构：主语 + 及物动词 + doing sth. · 例句： a. I enjoy reading novels in my free time.（习惯性的动作） b. They finished doing their homework at 8 p.m.（完成的抽象动作） c. She minds opening the window.（对抽象动作的介意） 用法3：既可接不定式也可接-ing形式作宾语的动词 （1）语义基本相同的动词 如like, love, hate, begin, start等，接不定式和-ing形式语义差异极小，-ing形式更侧重习惯，不定式更侧重具体动作。 · 例句： · I like swimming in summer.（习惯） · I like to swim this afternoon.（具体） （2）语义差异较大的动词 动词 接to do的含义 接doing的含义 例句 stop 停下来去做另一件事 停止正在做的事 He stopped to talk to me.（停下走路去说话） He stopped talking when I came in.（停止说话） forget 忘记去做某事（未做） 忘记做过某事（已做） I forgot to post the letter.（没寄信） I forgot posting the letter.（忘了寄过信） remember 记得去做某事（未做） 记得做过某事（已做） Remember to lock the door.（记得去锁门） I remember locking the door.（记得锁过门） try 努力/设法做某事 尝试做某事（试验方法） He tried to climb the mountain.（努力爬山） Try adding some sugar, it will taste better.（试试加糖） mean 打算做某事 意味着做某事 I mean to buy a new book.（打算买书） Missing the bus means waiting for another hour.（意味着等车） 三、易混点提醒 1. 介词后接-ing形式：若动词后接介词（如look forward to, pay attention to, be used to等），介词后需用-ing形式，注意to在此处是介词，非不定式符号。 例：We are looking forward to seeing you soon. 2. help的特殊用法：help后可接to do（to可省略），也可接do sth.，不接-ing形式。 例：She helped me (to) carry the box. 语法习题 题型一：用所给动词的适当形式填空（不定式/ing形式） （考查动词的固定搭配与语义辨析） 1. He hopes ______ (visit) his grandparents next week. 2. They enjoy ______ (play) basketball after school. 3. She decided ______ (not go) to the party yesterday. 4. I finished ______ (read) the book last night. 5. Remember ______ (turn) off the light when you leave the room. 6. He tried ______ (climb) the tree, but he failed. 7. We mind ______ (smoke) in the public place. 8. She forgot ______ (buy) milk, so she went to the shop again. 9. The teacher suggested ______ (have) a picnic this weekend. 10. He stopped ______ (talk) when the teacher came in. 题型二：选择合适的形式完成句子（to do/doing） （考查既可接to do也可接doing的动词语义差异） 1. I like ______ (swim) in the sea, but I don’t like ______ (swim) in the pool today. 2. He stopped ______ (work) to have a rest, because he was tired. 3. She forgot ______ (take) her umbrella, so she got wet in the rain. 4. Remember ______ (call) me when you arrive at the station. 5. Try ______ (use) this method, it may work better. 6. The little boy stopped ______ (cry) when he saw his mother. 7. I remember ______ (meet) her at the party last year. 8. He tried ______ (persuade) his father to buy a new bike for him. 9. She likes ______ (listen) to music while she is doing homework. 10. I forgot ______ (tell) him the news, so he knew nothing about it. 题型三：单项选择 （考查固定搭配、介词后-ing形式、易混动词用法） 1. My brother wants ______ a pilot in the future. A. to be B. being C. be 2. She enjoys ______ English songs every morning. A. sing B. singing C. to sing 3. I look forward to ______ from you soon. A. hear B. hearing C. to hear 4. Remember ______ the door when you leave, or the thief will come in. A. lock B. to lock C. locking 5. He tried ______ the problem, but he couldn’t find the answer. A. solve B. solving C. to solve 6. The teacher suggested ______ more exercise to keep healthy. A. doing B. to do C. do 7. She forgot ______ the film before, so she went to see it again. A. see B. seeing C. to see 8. We decided ______ to Beijing for our holiday next month. A. go B. going C. to go 9. He stopped ______ a glass of water because he was thirsty. A. to drink B. drinking C. drink 10. I mind ______ the window, it’s too cold outside. A. open B. opening C. to open 习题答案与详细解析 题型一：用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. to visit（hope后接不定式作宾语，表具体的将来动作） 2. playing（enjoy后接-ing形式作宾语，表习惯性动作） 3. not to go（decide后接不定式的否定形式not to do，表具体的决定） 4. reading（finish后接-ing形式作宾语，表完成的抽象动作） 5. to turn（remember to do表“记得去做某事（未做）”，此处指离开时记得关灯） 6. to climb（try to do表“努力做某事”，此处指努力爬树但失败） 7. smoking（mind后接-ing形式作宾语，表“介意做某事”） 8. to buy（forget to do表“忘记去做某事（未做）”，此处指没买牛奶又去商店） 9. having（suggest后接-ing形式作宾语，表“建议做某事”） 10. talking（stop doing表“停止正在做的事”，此处指老师进来时停止说话） 题型二：选择合适的形式完成句子 1. swimming; to swim（第一空like doing表“习惯性喜欢游泳”；第二空like to do表“具体今天不想在泳池游”） 2. working（stop doing表“停止正在做的工作”，目的是休息） 3. to take（forget to do表“忘记带伞（未做）”，所以淋雨了） 4. to call（remember to do表“记得去打电话（未做）”，提醒对方到站后联系） 5. using（try doing表“尝试用这个方法（试验）”） 6. crying（stop doing表“停止哭泣”，看到妈妈后不哭了） 7. meeting（remember doing表“记得见过她（已做）”，去年派对上见过） 8. to persuade（try to do表“努力说服爸爸（设法做某事）”） 9. listening（like doing表“习惯性喜欢边写作业边听音乐”） 10. to tell（forget to do表“忘记告诉他消息（未做）”，所以他一无所知） 题型三：单项选择 1. A 解析：want后接不定式to be，表“想要成为飞行员”。 2. B 解析：enjoy后接-ing形式singing，表“喜欢唱英文歌”。 3. B 解析：look forward to中to是介词，后接-ing形式hearing。 4. B 解析：remember to lock表“记得去锁门（未做）”，提醒离开时锁门。 5. C 解析：try to solve表“努力解决问题（设法做某事）”，此处指努力解题但没找到答案。 6. A 解析：suggest后接-ing形式doing，表“建议多做运动”。 7. B 解析：forget seeing表“忘记看过这部电影（已做）”，所以又去看了一遍。 8. C 解析：decide后接不定式to go，表“决定去北京度假”。 9. A 解析：stop to drink表“停下来去喝水（做另一件事）”，因为口渴了。 10. B 解析：mind后接-ing形式opening，表“介意开窗”。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $