专题04 名词精准突破（复习讲义）（成都专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦名词专题，覆盖词义辨析、单复数、所有格、词性转换四大核心考点，通过“考情剖析-知识网络构建-题型突破-分层练习”系统架构，结合思维导图梳理名词分类、数、所有格等知识联系，依托真题讲解和方法指导突破语境运用难点。 亮点在于“情境化+思维进阶”设计，如融入成都非遗（川剧、蜀绣）考查名词辨析，通过“熟词生义”（如time次数）培养思维品质，设置三级难度练习适配不同学生。特设“错题归因”和“语境词积累”策略，助力教师精准把控复习节奏，提升学生语言运用能力和应考效率。

专题04 中考英语名词精准突破 目 录 01·考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02·时空导航·网络构建 3 03·题型通关·靶向突破 13 04·优提精选·练能提分 16 01·考情剖析·命题前瞻 考查维度 核心内容 核心考点 考点1 名词词义辨析（高频考点） 考点2名词单复数（高频考点） 考点3名词所有格 考点4名词的词性转换 常考题型 单项选择、完形填空、单句填空、语篇填空、语法选择 命题理念 1.素养导向、情景融合： ①立足语篇考查名词运用与词义推理，提升语言综合运用能力。 ②渗透Spring Festival、Christmas等名词，增强跨文化交际能力及文化意识。 ③培养在语境中推理词义的思维品质，提升灵活性与独立性。 2.能力分层、思维进阶： ①基础层：在语境中名词辨析或提示判断单复数的能力。 ②高阶层：分析篇章逻辑、句子成分并进行词性正确转换的能力。 3.知识运用、综合运用： 将名词与冠词、代词、主谓一致等结合，检验逻辑推理、分析整合能力。 4.侧重语篇、句法衔接： 考查名词在构建语义逻辑、实现句子衔接的功能，而非单纯考查名词基本词义。 命题特点 1.情境真实、时代性强： 涵盖学生生活、社会热点、科技环保、中华文化、乡村振兴等主题(如：春节、AI等）。 2.学科渗透、视野开阔 融入语文、历史、地理知识等跨学科知识，（如：sea trench海沟、archaeological考古的)。 3.多元设问、形式创新： 与动词时态、介词、固定搭配综合考查，（例如：a window into...了解……的窗口/途径）。 4.语境活用、避免死记： 在语境中确定单复数、所属关系、所有格变化规则等，强调实际运用。（例如：teachers’）。 5.成都特色、文化传播 ①文化地标：锦里(Jinli Street)、武侯祠(Wuhou Shrine)、 青城山(Qingcheng Mountain)等。 ②地方美食：火锅(Hot pot)、龙抄手(Wonton)、担担面(Danan Noodles)等。 ③非物遗产：川剧(Sichuan Opera)、蜀绣(Shu embroidery)、变脸(Face-changing Performance)等。 核心知 识清单 1.可数名词复数规则： ①规则变化： map→maps、family→families、hero→heroes、party→parties、knife→knives ②不规则变化： child→children、man→men、woman→women、foot→feet、 tooth→teeth、sheep→sheep、fish→fish、Chinese→Chinese 2.复合名词复数形式： hometown→hometowns、bookshelf→bookshelves 3.名词数的双重性： water、milk、bread、rice、chicken、fish、advice、experience、energy、exercise、paper 4.不可数名词量化表达: a great many、a (large) number of、a great deal of、plenty of、a lot of/lots of 5.-’s所有格的用法： ①Tom’s book、three day’s holiday、Mid-Autumn Festival’s day ②Mike’s and Lily’s room、Mike’s and Mick’s rooms、at the doctor’s (office) 6.词形转换： ①形→名：true→truth、happy→happiness、different→difference、kind→kindness ②动→名：win→winner、decide→decision、achieve→achievement、act→actor 命题预测 1.考查深度： 侧重在语境下对“熟词生义”和“一词多义”的考查。(如:①run经营；运转②time次数；倍数) 2.考查综合性： 在语篇填空题，名词的多个考点与主谓一致冠词选择结合的可能性高。 3.思维高阶化： 凭借语篇逻辑和作者的情感态度，排除干扰项，选出正确答案。 4.素材多样化： 结合图表或使用文本（如：通知邮件等）要求学生提取信息，转化为名词的正确形式。 语境词 积累 1.科技环保： AI、space station、environment、pollution、energy、solution 2.文化建设： culture、tradition、rural revitalization、Chinese medicine 3.人际角色：friend、relative、neighbor、teacher、doctor、worker、advice、decision、opinion 4.本地习俗： Kuanzhai Alley(宽窄巷子)、Du Fu Thatched Cottage(杜甫草堂)、Panda Base(熊猫基地)、Bowl Tea(盖碗茶) 5.非遗技艺： Bamboo Weaving(竹编)、Shadow Puppetry(皮影戏)、Intangible Cultural Heritage(非遗) 6.节日活动： Chengdu Marathon(成都马拉松)、Flower Fair(花会)、Lantern Festival(灯会) 备考策略 1.绘制考点思维导图，构建知识网络，杜绝死记硬背。 2.总结近三年真题名词的命题方式和考点。 3.突破弱项，攻克薄弱环节，归纳错题原因。 4.每日精练1篇B卷短文填空，摘抄真题及考点解法。 5.分类语境化记忆，提高学习效率。 6.每周完成一套真题，统计得分率，总结经验。 7.建立专属“名词错题本”，抄录错题，用红笔分析错误根源。 02·时空导航·网络构建 ★知识点1 名词的分类 名词用来表示人名、事物名称、时间、地点和抽象概念等的一类词。名词根据其意义，可分为普通名词和专有名词；按其形式可以分为简单名词和复合名词。 1.普通名词 定义 示例 特征 个体名词 表示个体的人或事物的名词 book书 friend朋友 有单复数两种形式 student学生 apple 苹果 集体名词 表示一群人或一些事物的名词，是不可分割的整体 people人 family家人 本身表示复数概念 police警察 group 组；群 物质名词 表示无法分成个体的物质或材料的名词 water水 beef牛肉 无单复数之分 air空气 paper纸 抽象名词 表示品质、感情、状态、行为等抽象概念的名词 time时间 love爱 wisdom智慧 success成功 happiness幸福 honesty诚实 易错警示: ①专有名词的每个单词的首字母一般都要大写，但冠词和部分较短的介词一般不大写，如the White House(白宫)；也可将所有字母都大写，如Teacher 'S Day(教师节). 2.专有名词 类别 示例 表示人名、尊称或头衔的专有名词 Dr.Wang王医生/博士 Su Shi苏轼 Mark Twain马克·吐温 表示团体、机构的专有名词 WHO (World Health Organization)世界卫生组织 World Trade Organization(WTO)世界贸易组织 表示星期、月份和节日的专有名词 Tuesday星期二 February二月 August八月 Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节 Dragon Boat Festival端午节 National Day国庆节 表示国名、地名、山河名的专有名词 China中国 Canada加拿大 Mount Huangshan黄山 由普通名词构成的专有名词 Tian'anmen Square天安门广场 the Palace Museum故宫博物院 the Great Wall长城 书名、歌曲名、报刊名、杂志名等也是专有名词 China Daily《中国日报》 Harry Potter《哈利•波特》 Journey to the west《西游记》 易错警示: 专有名词表示特定的人、事物、地方、机构、组织等专有的名称，如Tom、New York、People’s Square。 ①专有名词通常没有复数形式。专有名词表示独一无二的事物。 ②专有名词前面一般不加冠词，由表示江河湖海、山脉群岛等地理名称的专有名词，前面一般要加the,例如：the Yangtze River(长江)，the Great wall（长城）。 ③人名的前面若有尊称或头衔，包括身份、地位、名称等，第一个字母也要大写。如Mr. (先生)、Ms.(女士)、Doctor (博士)、President (总统)等。 3.简单名词 简单名词指单个名词，它不由两个或多个词组合而成，也没有复杂的前后缀等。英语中的大多数名词都是简单名词。 类别 构成 示例 简单名词 表示某类人或某类事物的名称 car汽车 book书 ‌house‌房子 集体名词 表示一群人或一些事物的名词 class班；班级 people人；人们 group组；群 物质名词 无法分为个体的物质或材料 water水 rice米饭 paper纸 抽象名词 表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念 success成功 love爱 joy高兴 4.合成名词 合成名词是指由两个或两个以上的词构成的名词。复合名词主要有以下几种构成形式: 构成形式 例词 名词+名词 classroom教室 newspaper报纸 schoolbag书包 名词+动词 haircut理发 sunrise日出 snowfall下雪 名词+动词-ing形式 handwriting书法 Thanksgiving感恩节 daydreaming白日梦 动词-ing形式+名词 washing machine洗衣机 ‌reading room‌阅览室 drinking water饮用水 动词+名词 ‌workshop‌工作坊 playground操场 breakfast早餐 形容词+名词 ‌blackboard‌黑板 supermarket超市 highway高速公路 副词+动词 income收入 outlook观点 upstart暴发户 ★‌知识点2 名词的句法功能 名词在句子中可以担任除谓语之外的任何成分，包括主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、同位语、称呼语。 句法功能 例句 作主语 Parents should be patient with their children.父母应该对他们的孩子有耐心。 作宾语 I saw a movie yesterday.昨天我看了一场电影。 作表语 This place used to be a factory.这个地方过去是一家工厂。 作状语 The supermarket is ten minutes’ walk from here. 超市离这里有十分钟的步行路程。 作同位语 My friend Tom is very friendly.我的朋友汤姆非常友好。 作宾语补足语 They painted the wall white.他们把墙刷成了成白色。 作独立成分 When is your birthday,Linda?琳达，你什么时候生日？ 知识拓展： 名词作定语时的单复数 1.一般情况下用单数形式。如：A food factory一家食品厂 2.有些常以复数形式出现的仍然用复数形式。如：a sports meeting一场运动会 3.man和woman修饰时，当被修饰词变为复数，修饰词对应变为men或women。如：woman teacher→women teachers女老师 4.“数词+名词”作定语时，该名词一般用单数形式，且和数词之间用连字符连接起来。如：a two-day holiday一个两天的假期 ★知识点3名词的数 1.可数名词的数 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。名词的单数形式前面一般有冠词或数词one修饰，名词的复数形式前可以加表示复数概念的限定词修饰，如除one以外的基数词，指示代词these/those，不定代词many、several等。 （1）个体名词的数 ★个体名词复数形式的规则变化 情况 构成方法 示例 一般情况 在词尾加-s book→books map→maps 以s,x,ch,sh结尾 在词尾加-es glass→glasses watch→watches 以辅音字母加y结尾 变y为i加-es city→cities party→parties 以元音字母加y结尾 在词尾加-s boy→boys holiday→holidays 以f或fe结尾 变f或fe为v, 再加-es leaf→leaves life→lives 以辅音字母加o结尾 在词尾加-es potato→potatoes piano→heroes 在词尾加-s radio→radios photo→pianos 以元音字母加o结尾 在词尾加-s radio→radios zoo→zoos 口诀助记：变f或fe结尾的词 小偷(thief)之妻(wife)生存(life)难， 自己(self)扫叶(leaf)来做饭。 忽见一狼(wolf)躲架(shelf)后， 取刀(knife)把它劈两半(half)。 ★个体名词复数形式的不规则变化 变化规则 示例 改变内部元音字母构成复数形式 变a为e man→men男人 woman→women女人 变oo为ee foot→feet脚 tooth→teeth牙齿 变ouse为ice mouse→mice老鼠 词尾加-ren或-en child→children孩子 ox→oxen公牛 单复数形式相同 fish→fish鱼 sheep→sheep绵羊 “某国人” 变复数 一般直接加-s American→Americans美国人 German→Germans德国人 以-ese结尾的不变 Chinese→Chinese中国人 Japanese→Japanese日本人 英国人、法国人的复数把man变men Englishman→Englishmen英国人 Frenchman→Frenchmen法国人 助记口诀： 男人女人a变e,鹅牙足oo变ee。 老鼠ouse变ice，小孩加上ren。 鱼鹿绵羊不用变。 中日不变英法变，其余后边-s添。 词尾若把man来含，a变e来记心间。 德国人后虽是man, 却是后边-s添。 （2）集体名词的数 集体名词是指一群人、动物或事物的集合名称，以下分别从作单数和作复数两方面介绍： 情况 示例 单数形式示复数意义，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 police警察 people人们 大多数集体名词指整体时，用作单数，强调该集体中的个体成员时，用作复数 family家 class班级；同学 team 队；组 public公众 （3）合成名词的复数变化规律 变化规则 示例 通常为主体名词变复数 passer-by→passers-by 过路人；经过者 bookshelf→bookshelves 书架 复合名词的单复数形式体现在最后一个名词上 a pencil box→pencil boxes铅笔盒 a girl student→girl students女学生 man或woman构成的复合名词，前后两个名词都变复数 a woman doctor→women doctors女医生 a man teacher→men teachers 男医生 (4)只以复数形式呈现的名词 有些名词以复数形式出现 goods商品 arms武器 thanks感谢 clothes衣服 有些特名词以复数形式出现，表示复数意义，常用a pair of, two pairs of等修饰 glasses眼镜 shoes鞋 scissors剪刀 trousers裤子 易错警示: 常以复数形式出现的名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式；如果前面有量词时，谓语动词和量词的数保持一致。 The trousers are very expensive.这条裤子很贵。 She always wears a pair of glasses.她总是戴着一副眼镜。 2.不可数名词的数 不可数名词通常指不能以数目计算的名词。一般情况下，专有名词物质名词抽象名词都是不可数名词。如：water水，time时间。不可数名词无单、复数之分，其前不能用a/an或表示具体数量的数词，但可用-the修饰。不可数名词若要表示数量的多少，可参考以下结构： (1)常见的不可数名词 bread面 rice大米 pork猪肉 milk牛奶 coffee咖啡 salt盐 trouble麻烦 gold黄金 beef牛肉 water水 honey蜂蜜 news新闻 sugar糖 advice建议 work工作 weather天气 time时间 fun乐趣 air空气 paper纸 cheese奶酪 jam果酱 pepper胡椒粉 butter黄油 silver银 glass玻璃 stone石头 homework作业 (2)不可数名词的量化表达 不可数名词计数的方法： ①可用“数词/冠词+表示量的可数名词+of+不可数名词”来表达。计量名词单复数形式随前面的数词或冠词而变，若数词≥2时，表示量的可数名词用复数。如：a glass of milk→杯牛奶，two cups of tea两杯茶。 (3)不可数名词的转化 ①在表达个体种类、份数、种类等具体概念时可转化为可数名词，如：rain (雨)→a rain (一场雨)、fruit(水果)→fruits(各种水果)、glass (玻璃)→a glass (一个玻璃杯)等。 ②有些抽象名词表示具体的事物时，可以用作可数名词。如：surprise令人惊奇的事、a pleasure一件快乐的事。 ③ 某些物质名词变为复数形式表达特殊含义。如：water（水）→waters（水域）、sand沙子→sands沙滩。 ④在一些固定词组中，抽象名词可用作可数名词。如：have a good time 过得愉快、have a rest休息。 易错警示： ①不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 例如：Coffee is popular among office worker. 咖啡在办公室工作人员中很流行。 ②有些以s结尾的名词并不是名词的复数形式。常见的有maths(数学)、physics(物理学)、economics(经济学)等。 例如：Mathematics is a challenging but fascinating subject. 数学是一门具有挑战性但又迷人的学科。 3.名词数的双重性 有些名词既可作不可数名词，又可以作可数名词，词义上有差别。 名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数 orange 橙子 橙汁 fish 鱼 鱼肉 work 作品、著作 工作 experience 经历 经验 chicken 鸡 鸡肉 light 电灯 光 exercise 训练活动、练习 锻炼 wood 树林 木材 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 time 次数 时间 room 房间 空间 success 成功的人（或事物） 成功 life 活力 传记 paper 纸 论文 4.名词前的修饰语 (1)数量词修饰语 数量词修饰语置于名词之前，用来说明名词数或者量的多少、大小等。 ①只修饰可数名词： 词语 含义 词义 含义 a great/good many 很多 quite a few 相当多的 a (large) number of 若干；大量的 a few 几个 several 几个 many 很多 numbers of 很多 few 很少，几个； 几乎没有 ②只修饰不可数名词： 词语 含义 词义 含义 little 很少；几乎没有 a little 一点 a good/ great deal of 很多 a large/small amount of 大量的/少量的 a bit of 一点 much 很多 ③既可修饰可数名词复数又可修饰不可数名词： 词语 含义 词义 含义 some 一些 a lot of/lots of 很多 a(large)quantity of 许多；大量 plenty of 大量的 (large)quantities of 大多数的 the rest of 剩下的 any 一些；任何 no 没有 (2)单位词修饰语 单位词修饰语主要用一些表示单位的词来描述名词的度量、容积、形 状、集体、部分等。 类别 示例 普通单位词：英语中搭配能力最强、最常用的单位词有piece、article、bit等。这些词构成a piece of、an article of、a bit of等短语，修饰不可数名词。 a piece of bread 一块面包 bit of milk一点儿牛奶 度量单位词：度量单位词常用的有metre、inch、yard、pound、kilogram、(kilo)、ton、foot等。 a kilo of bananas 一公斤香蕉 a pound of meat 一磅肉 容积单位词：主要有 box、bag、basket、bottle、cup、glass 等。一般情况下，表示容积的单位词既可修饰可数名词复数，也可修饰不可数名词。 a bag of apples 一袋苹果 a bottle of wine 一瓶葡萄酒 a cup of tea 一杯茶 a basket of eggs 一篮鸡蛋 温馨提示: 单位词修饰名词时，谓语动词的数与单位词的数保持一致。 A pair of gloves is on the desk. 一副眼镜在书桌上。 Two pairs of glasses are in the box.盒子里有两幅手套。 Three bottles of milk are on the table.桌子上有三瓶牛奶。 ★知识点4 名词所有格 1.-'s所有格 (1)-’s所有格的构成 构成 示例 一般情况下在名词词尾加-'s Eric's car埃里克的汽车 the dog's tail狗的尾巴 Jack's bedroom杰克的卧室 Bill's school比尔的学校 Philip's father菲利普的爸爸 George's friend乔治的朋友 以s或es结尾，直接在其后加-’ the boys' mother男孩的母亲 my friends' hometown我朋友们的家乡 不以s结尾，直接在其后加-'s the children's spare time孩子们的业余时间 Children's Day儿童节 合成名词在词尾加-'s a grown-up's problem一个成年人的问题 that woman doctor's son那位女医生的儿子 易错警示： 以-s结尾的人名 的所有格的构成是在其后加“'”或“’s”,如James'或James's。 (2)-'s所有格的用法 用法 示例 用于表示人或动物等有生命的名词的所属关系，意为“……的”，复数形式为-s' Mike's bike Mike 的自行车 the patient's life患者的生命 由and连接的两个或多个名词，表示几个人共同拥有时，只将最后一个名词变为所有格；如果为各自所有，则每个名词都要变为所有格形式 Mary and Lily's room Mary和Lily的房间(两人共有) Mary’s and Lily's room Mary的房间的房间和Lily的房间(两人分别拥有) 用于表示时间、距离、度量衡、价值等的名词之后 today's newspaper今天的报纸 three days' holiday三天的假期 用于表示国家、城镇等的名词之后 zoo's entrance 动物园的入口 city's museum城市的博物馆 用于表示不同的节日 Mothers' Day母亲节 New Year's Day元旦 Father's Day 父亲节 用于表示诊所、店铺、医院、住宅、学校等时，名词所有格后常常省略它所修饰的名词 at the doctor's (office)在诊所 at the teacher's (office)在老师办公室 at Jim's (home)在吉姆家 有时为了避免重复，可以单独使用-'s所有格，在句子中相当于名词。 My room is bigger than sherry's (room). 我的房间比sherry的(房间)大。 含有else的-s’所有格中，else用于复合不定代词、疑问代词之后，其所有格形式要用else's形式。 The dictionary is not mine.It is someone else's. 这本书不是我的，是别人的。 易错警示: a two days' trip=a two-day trip(为期两天的旅行)，当有连字符时共用所有格，且day用单数。 2.of 所有格 “名词+of+名词”构成of所有格。其主要用法如下： 用法 示例 一般表示无生命名词的所有关系 a symbol of good luck好运的象征 the window of the house房子的窗户 表示名词化的形容词的所有关系 the life of the old老年人的生活 表示的有生命的名词的所属关系 the advice of my friends我朋友们的建议 the name of the girl那个女孩的名字 知识拓展: -'s所有格与of所有格的互换 有生命的名词-'s所有格和of所有格可以互换。 the girl's name=the name of the girl 那个女孩的名字 口诀助记： 名词所有格，表某物是“谁的”。 若为生命词，加“-’s”即可。 词尾有s,仅把撇号“’”加。 并列名词后，各自和共有。 各自分别加，共有最后加。 若为无生命，常把of加。 3.双重所有格 “名词+of+-'s所有格/名词性物主代词"构成双重所有格。当所属的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常用双重所有格的形式表示所属关系。主要用法如下: 用法 示例 带有-'s所有格的名词是明确限定的指人的名词 a daughter of Tom's汤姆的一个女儿 a friend of George's 乔治的一个朋友 a pupil of Miss Smith's 史密斯小姐的一名学生 带有赞赏、厌恶、不满等感情色彩，被双重所有格修饰的名词前常有指示代词this/that/ these/ those This idea of my brother's is really creative. 我哥哥的这个想法真是太有创意了。 These mistakes of your sister's are really annoying. 你姐姐的这些错误真让人恼火。 This dish of my mom's is truly delicious. 我妈妈做的这道菜实在太好吃了。 of前的名词是picture photo等时,用of所有格和双重所有格在意义上有区别 a picture of John's (表示这张照片属于John ) a picture of Lily’s (表示照片上的人是Lily )  a picture of Professor Wang's（王教授的照片） 03·题型通关·靶向突破 考点一 题型破解 ★考点1 名词词义辨析 一、命题特点： 1.结合语境考查：通常将名词放在特定的语境中，考生要根据上下文的逻辑和语义来选择正确答案。 2.涵盖多种话题：题目包括日常生活、学校、家庭、旅游、文化、科技等方面。 3.考查近义词、易混词：着重考查近义词、形似词或易混名词。 二、考查题型： 1. . 单项选择 2.完形填空 ★考点2 名词单复数 一、命题特点： 常着重考查名词单复数的基本变化规则，在实际语境中考查名词单复数，场景来源于学生的日常生活、学习、社交、科技等方面。重点考查名词单复数特殊变化，例如：不规则名词的复数形式、复合名词的复数变化、以 -f/fe 结尾的名词变复数等。 二、考查题型：1.单项选择、完形填空 2.单句填空、语篇填空 ★考点3 名词所有格 一、命题特点： （一）考查基础规则的运用 1. 对于一般单数名词，在词尾加 's 来表示所属关系。比如“Tom's pencil”。 2.以 -s 结尾的复数名词，只需在-s后加'构成所有格。比如“teachers' office”。 3.不规则复数名词如“men”、“women”等，其所有格是在词尾加's 。例如children's books。 4.判断是共同拥有还是各自拥有。例如“Andy and Mary's room”两人共同拥有一个房间，“Andy's and Mary's rooms” 表示两人各自拥有自己的房间。 5.名词所有格放在具体语境中，要求学生根据上下文语义来确定使用的所有格。 二、常考题型：单句填空、语篇填空 （二）结合语境进行考查 命题会将考点放在具体的语境中，要求学生根据上下文来选择合适的所有格形式。 ★考点4名词的词性转换 一、命题特点： 1.考查角度 动词/形容词转换为名词：比如：act行动→action行动；行为、invent发明→invention发明物等。 2.在句子或语篇语境之考查名词词性转换。要求学生理解上下文的语义和逻辑关系判断正确的名词形式。 3.动词和形容词转化为名词的规则，如加后缀 -tion、-ment、 -ance、-ness 等。 4.语篇填空考需要理解整个语篇的主旨和逻辑，结合名词的单复数、所属关系、结合语法规则判断。 二、常考题型：单句填空、语篇填空 考点二 解题要点 ★考点1 名词词义辨析 一、解题技巧 Step 1：判断词性与词义 词汇未给出（方框选词）：根据语法知识判断空处所缺词的词性，推测词义，结合备选词选出符合语境的单词；词境+语词汇或词义已给出，直接根据Step 2：判断词形。 Step 2：判断词形 根据语境和语法知识判断空处应用的名词形式。 二、典型例题 Learning English in a classroom is important, while using English in real ________ will improve your English skills greatly. A．situations B．events C．positions 【答案】A 【解析】句意：在教室里学习英语很重要，然而在真实情景中使用英语会大大提高你的英语技能。考查名词辨析。situations情况；events事件；positions位置。根据“using English in real...will improve your English skills greatly.”和选项可知，此处指在真实情景中使用英语。故选A。 ★考点2 名词单复数 一、解题技巧 步骤1：做名词单复数与词义辨析类题目时，先分析题干，根据语境并结合相应语法，推测空处所缺单词的含义。 步骤2：分析选项，将选项分别代入题干，选择最佳答案。 二、典型例题 （2025·四川成都·一模）—How did you fix up the old clock, Jack? —It's easy. I just followed the_____online. A. instructions B. rules C. instruments 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——杰克，你是怎么修好那只旧钟的？——很简单。我只是按照网上的操作指南做的。考查名词辨析。instructions操作指南;rules规则;instruments乐器。根据“How did you fix up the old clock”及"I just followed the...”可知是照着操作指南来修理的。故选A。 ★考点3 名词所有格 一、解题技巧 Step 1：根据语境确定空格和空格后面是否存在所属关系。如果存在所属关系，去顶考查的是所有格。 Step 2；根据语境或语法知识判断名词的数，得出正确所有格的形式。 二、典型例题 While your parents want you to be an artist, ________ hope I become a musician. A．Jim’s B．his C．mine 【答案】C 【解析】句意：你的父母希望你成为一名艺术家，而我的父母希望我成为一名音乐家。考查名词性物主代词用法辨析。Jim’s吉姆的；his他的；mime我的。Jim’s为名词所有格，后需接名词，hope为实义动词，A选项与题意不符；his既为形容词性物主代词也为名词性物主代词，为形容词物主代词时，后需跟名词；为名词性物主代词时，含义与题意不符；mine为名词性物主代词，在此句中相当于相当于my parents，且位于题中语义通顺。故选C。 ★考点4名词的词性转换 一、转换规则： 1.名词转成动词：hand手→hand表示递、交。 2.转成形容词：wood木头→wooden木制的 。 3.动词转成名词： （1）加后缀 -tion / -sion：例如educate教育→education教育；教育学。、 （2） 加后缀 -ment：例如develop发展→development发展。 （3）加后缀 -er / -or：例如teach教→teacher教师）。 （4）加后缀 -ness：例如 happy→happiness幸福；快乐。 （5）加后缀 -ity：部分形容词加 -ity 变成名词。比如real真实的→reality现实。 二、解题技巧： Step 1：判断词性与词义 词汇未给出（方框选词）：根据语法知识判断空处所缺词的词性，推测词义，结合备选词选出符合语境的单词；词境+语词汇或词义已给出，直接根据Step 2：判断词形。 Step 2 判断词形 根据语境和语法知识判断空处应用的名词形式。 三、典型例题 用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空，每空一词。 The ______ (develop) of technology has made our lives more convenient. 【答案】development 【解析】develop是动词，意为 “发展”，这“the development of...” 表示 “……的发展”，所以将 develop 变为名词development。 04·优提精选·练能提分 一、单项选择 （一）名词辨析 【难度】0.85 1．（2025·四川成都·模拟预测）The happiest people give themselves a sense of ________ and know what is meaningful. A．purpose B．safety C．fear 【答案】A 【解析】句意：最幸福的人会给自己一种目标感，并知道什么是有意义的。考查名词辨析。purpose目标、目的；safety安全；fear恐惧。根据句中的“know what is meaningful.”（知道什么是有意义的）可知，此处强调的是人生目标或意义感，故选A。 2．（2025·四川成都·模拟预测）Mom has a great sense of _________. She leads and we follow each time we go on the city walk. A．safety B．belonging C．direction 【答案】C 【解析】句意：妈妈有很强的方向感。每次我们去城市漫步，她都会带领我们。考查名词辨析。safety安全；belonging附件；direction方向。根据“She leads and we follow each time we go on the city walk.”可知，在城里漫步时，她都会带领我们，说明方向感很好。故选C。 3．（2025·四川成都·模拟预测）Expo 2024 Chengdu was a great ________. Millions of visitors, from home and abroad, entered and enjoyed the gardening art. A．success B．pity C．praise 【答案】A 【解析】句意：2024年成都世博会取得了巨大的成功。数以百万计的国内外游客参观并欣赏了园艺艺术。 考查名词辨析。success成功；pity遗憾；praise赞扬。根据“Millions of visitors, from home and abroad, entered and enjoyed the gardening art.”可知，此处表达的是世博会取得了成功，吸引了大量游客参观。故选A。 4．（2025·四川成都·一模）Meng Er Dai, the baby panda in Guangzhou, has quickly increased its ________ which reached 1.23 kg within a month, showing good health and growth. A．weight B．height C．popularity 【答案】A 【解析】句意：广州的婴儿熊猫的萌二代迅速增加了体重，一个月内达到1.23公斤，表现出良好的健康和成长。考查名词辨析。weight重量；height高度；popularity流行。根据“which reached 1.23 kg within a month”可知，空处指熊猫的体重情况。故选A。 5．（2025·四川成都·一模）There’s no ________ in getting wisdom from mistakes, because failure is the mother of success. A．reason B．shame C．use 【答案】B 【解析】句意：从错误中获取智慧并不可耻，因为失败是成功之母。考查名词辨析。reason原因；shame可耻；use用处。根据“getting wisdom from mistakes,”可知，从错误中学习并不可耻，no shame in doing something表示“做某事并不可耻”。故选B。 6．（2024·四川成都·二模）—What a nice arm-chair! How did you put all the pieces together? —It’s easy. I just followed the ________. A．instructions B．interviews C．instruments 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——多漂亮的扶手椅啊！你是怎么把所有的部件拼装起来的？——很容易。我只是按照说明去做。考查名词辨析。instructions用法说明； interviews访谈； instruments乐器。根据“How did you put all the pieces together?”和“I just followed the...”可知，应是说按照说明组装的，故选A。 7．（2022·四川成都·二模）—I know little about the development of 5G. —Surf the Internet, and you will get much _________ about it. A．information B．message C．suggestion 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——我对5G的发展知之甚少。——上网冲浪，你会得到很多关于它的信息。考查名词辨析。information信息，不可数名词；message消息，可数名词；suggestion建议，可数名词。根据“much”可知，much修饰不可数名词；故选A。 【难度】0.65 1.（2025·四川成都·二模）There are many ______ on the Internet. Don’t believe them easily, or you may get into trouble. A．faults B．blocks C．hoaxes 【答案】C 【解析】句意：网络上有许多骗局。不要轻易相信它们，否则你会惹上麻烦的。考查名词辨析。faults故障；blocks街区；hoaxes骗局。根据“Don’t believe them easily, or you may get into trouble.”可知，网络上许多骗局。故选C。 2．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）—________ are easily made, but not easily kept. —That’s true. Once you make one, be sure to keep it. A．Suggestions B．Decisions C．Promises 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——承诺容易许下，遵守却不容易。——这是真的。一旦你做出了决定，一定要守诺。 考查名词辨析。Suggestions建议；Decisions决定；Promises承诺。根据“... are easily made, but not easily kept.”结合常识可知容易许下却不易遵守的是承诺。故选C。 3．（2024·四川成都·二模）—What places of interest are there in Chengdu? —Jinli can be a good choice. Enjoying typical Sichuan food there is a wonderful ________. A．movement B．experience C．research 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——成都有哪些名胜古迹？——锦里是个不错的选择。在那里吃典型的四川菜是一种美妙的体验。考查名词辨析。movement运动；experience体验；research研究。根据“Enjoying typical Sichuan food there is a wonderful”可知，吃典型的四川菜是一种美妙的“体验”。故选B。 4．（2024·四川成都·二模）There are many ________ on the telephone. Don’t believe them, or you’ll get into trouble. A．hoaxes B．blocks C．faults 【答案】A 【解析】句意：电话里有许多骗局。不要相信他们，否则你会惹上麻烦的。考查名词辨析。hoaxes骗局；blocks街区；faults故障。根据“Don’t believe them, or you’ll get into trouble.”可知电话里有许多骗局。故选A。 5．—I am hungry (饥饿的). Do you have something to eat? —Here’s some ________. A．bread B．strawberries C．milk 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——我饿了。你有一些吃的东西吗？——这里有一些面包。考查名词辨析。bread面包，不可数名词；strawberries草莓，可数名词复数；milk牛奶，不可数名词。根据“Do you have something to eat?”可知，是要吃的东西，排除C，结合“Here’s”可知，空处用不可数名词，故选A。 （二）单词单词单复数 【难度】0.85 1．（2025·云南昭通·模拟预测改编）The new high-speed train CR450 can run at a speed of 400 ________ per hour. A．kilometer B．kilometers C．kilometers’ 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这列新的高速列车CR450每小时可以以400公里的速度运行。考查名词复数。此空前有数词“400”修饰，名词kilometer“公里”需变为复数“kilometers”，400 kilometers per hour“每小时400公里”。故选B。 2．—What do you want to buy for her? —Gifts like flowers, chocolate cake, and ________. A．books B．book C．the books 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你想给她买什么？——像鲜花、巧克力蛋糕和书籍这样的礼物。考查名词的用法。books书，复数名词；book书，单数名词；the books特指这些书。根据“flowers, chocolate cake”可知，此空填可数名词的复数形式，表示泛指，故选A。 3.（2025·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）—Why are you so happy? —I met two ________ and four ________ when I was in Harbin. And I had a conversation with them. A．German; Japanese B．Germen; Japanese C．Germans; Japanese 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你为什么这么开心？——我在哈尔滨时碰见了两个德国人和四个日本人。我和他们谈话了。考查复数名词。German德语，德国人；Germen无此词；Germans德国人，复数形式；Japanese日本人，日语。根据“met two…and four”可知此处应用表示“哪国人”的复数名词，Germans是“德国人”，Japanese是“日本人”。故选C。 4．（2025·云南昭通·模拟预测改编）Mr. Li gives us many good ________ on how to protect the environment. A．an advice B．pieces of advices C．pieces of advice 【答案】C 【解析】句意：李先生给了我们许多关于如何保护环境的好建议。考查不可数名词的用法。“advice”是不可数名词，不能直接加“s”或与“an”连用，表达“许多条建议”时需用pieces of advice。故选C。 5．（2025·甘肃·模拟预测改编）—Are all the students in your school from ________? —No. Only a small number of them ________. A．Germany; are Germans B．Germany; are Germen C．German; is Germany 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你们学校所有的学生都来自德国吗？——不，只有一小部分学生是德国人。考查名词和主谓一致。Germany德国，名词；German德国人，名词单数形式；Germen是错误形式；is是第三人称单数形式；are是复数形式。根据“Are all the students in your school from...”可知，第一空指的是“德国”，应用名词Germany；第二空主语a small number of them指的是“他们中的一小部分人”，是复数，所以be动词应用are，且“德国人”应用German的复数形式Germans。故选A。 6.（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）—It’s said that the two ________doctors have just come back from Shanghai. —Yeah. I know them. They are both already in their ________. A．woman; forty B．women; fortieth C．women; forties D．woman; forties 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——据说这两位女医生刚从上海回来。——是啊。我认识她们。她们俩都已经四十多岁了。 考查名词复数和年龄段表达。以man、woman修饰的职业名称变复数时，man、woman也要变成复数，第一空后名词doctors为复数，所以此处应用women； in one’s +整十的复数，表示“在某人几十岁时”。故选C。 7．（2024·黑龙江双鸭山·二模）—How many Chinese ________ have been sent up into space so far? —Two. They are Wang Yaping and Liu Yang. A．women astronauts B．woman astronauts C．women astronaut 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——到目前为止，有多少中国女宇航员被送入太空？——两名。她们是Wang Yaping和Liu Yang。考查复合名词的复数。woman astronaut“女宇航员”，根据空前的“How many”可知，此处应用复数形式，由“woman+名词”构成的复合名词，变为复数时，两个词都要变成复数。故选A。 【难度】0.65 1．（2025·甘肃张掖·二模改编）These ________ have saved many children’s lives. A．woman doctors B．womans’ doctors C．women doctors 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这些女医生们拯救过许多儿童的生命。考查复合名词的复数。woman doctors错误表达；womans’ doctors错误表达；women doctors女医生们；women’s doctors女人们的医生。根据“have saved many children’s lives”和选项可知，此处是指女医生们；根据“these”可知，后面所接名词要用复数形式；但因此处是由“woman”和“doctor”组成的复合名词，故两个词都要变复数形式，所以填women doctors。故选C。 2．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）The new bridge which is about ________ long will give us better and faster public transportation. A．5.2 kilometers B．5.2-kilometer C．5.2 kilometers’ 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这座新桥长约5.2千米，将为我们提供更好、更快捷的公共交通服务。考查数词用法。5.2 kilometers5.2千米；5.2-kilometer5.2千米的；5.2 kilometers’ 5.2千米的，名词所有格。根据空后“…long”可知，这里说的是桥的长度，应用“基数词+长度单位+形容词”结构。故选A。 3．（2025·上海青浦·二模）The farmer raised many ________ and sold them at the market to make a living. A．sheep B．horse C．cow 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这位农民养了许多绵羊，并在市场上出售它们来谋生。 考查名词辨析。sheep绵羊；horse马；cow奶牛。  “many”修饰可数名词复数，horse、cow的复数形式分别为horses、cows，而sheep的单复数同形。故选A。 4．（2025·陕西西安·二模改编）I live a healthy life. I often have ________ and ________ for lunch. A．fish; eggs B．fishes; egg C．chickens; carrots D．chicken; carrot 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我过着健康的生活。我午餐经常吃鱼和鸡蛋。考查名词的单复数形式。fish作为“鱼肉”时单复数同形；eggs是egg的复数形式；fishes通常指不同种类的鱼；chickens通常指鸡的复数；chicken鸡肉；carrots是carrot的复数形式。此处是关于午餐食物，因此fishes和chickens不符合，排除B、C，D项carrot应用复数形式，故选A。 5．（2025·黑龙江绥化·三模）—It’s said that the two ________ doctors have just come back from the US. —Yeah, I know them. They are both already in their ________. A．women; sixties B．women; sixtieth C．woman; sixty 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——据说那两位女医生刚从美国回来。——是的，我认识她们。她们都已经六十多岁了。 考查复合名词的复数和年龄的表达。根据“doctors”可知，此处指女医生，为复合名词，且为“woman+名词”的复合名词，位于基数词“two”后，用复数，此时两个名词都变复数，第一个空用women；“in one’s + 整十的复数”表示“在某人几十多岁时”，第二个空用sixty的复数形式sixties。故选A。 6．Perhaps there won’t be ________ for everybody in thirty years’ time. A．enough room B．enough rooms C．rooms enough 【答案】A 【解析】句意：三十年后，也许不会有足够的空间容纳每个人。考查不可数名词和enough的用法。enough足够的，限定词，用于复数名词或不可数名词前；room空间，不可数名词；rooms房间，可数名词复数形式。根据语境可知，30年后，我们居住的空间会变小，可推测此处是也许不会有足够的空间容纳每个人，room应为“空间”，不可数名词，没有复数形式，排除B和C，又因限定词enough修饰名词时应在名词前。故选A。 7．There are many ________ between British English and American English. They are ________ expressions, spelling and pronunciation. A．difference; different from B．differences; different from C．differences; different in 【答案】D 【解析】句意：英式英语和美式英语有许多不同之处，它们在表达、拼写和发音方面是不同的。考查名词的数和形容词短语。difference差别；be different from…与……不同；be different in…在……方面不同。根据分析句子可知，many后面跟可数名词复数，所以第一空应填入可数名词复数differences；由“expressions, spelling and pronunciation”可知，第二空应填入different in，构成形容词短语：be different in“在……方面不同”，固定搭配。故选D。 8．They are thirsty. Will you please give them ________? A．some bottles of waters B．some bottles of water C．some bottle of water 【答案】B 【解析】句意：他们渴了。你能给他们几瓶水吗？考查名词的数。bottle瓶，可数名词；water水，不可数名词，AD两项表达错误；some一些，修饰复数名词或不可数名词，CD两项表达错误；结合语境和选项，可知设空处表达几瓶水，需用some bottles of water，故选B。 （三）名词所有格 【难度】0.65 1．（24-25九年级上·四川成都·期中）It’s not far from here and it’s just a _________. A．6 minutes’ ride B．6-minute-ride C．6-minute ride 【答案】C 【解析】句意：离这里不远，只需要6分钟的车程。考查名词所有格和复合形容词。a后加可数名词单数ride，修饰名词ride用复合形容词，表示6分钟的可用6 minutes’或者6-minute，6 minutes’前通常不加不定冠词。故选C。 2．（24-25七年级上·四川成都·期中）—A beautiful farm! —It’s my ________. And he has many animals on the farm. A．uncle’s B．uncles C．uncles’ 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——一个美丽的农场！——它是我叔叔的。他的农场里有很多动物。考查所有格。uncle’s叔叔的；uncles叔叔们；uncles’叔叔们的。根据“he”可知此处“叔叔”应是单数；结合“A beautiful farm”，需用名词单数所有格形式uncle’s，表示“叔叔的农场”。故选A。 3．Look at our ________ car. It’s very nice. Mom and dad like it very much. A．parent’s B．parents’ C．parents’s 【答案】B 【解析】句意：看看我们父母的车。非常好。爸爸妈妈非常喜欢。考查名词所有格。根据“Mom and dad like it very much.”可知此处是指我们父母的车。因为“parents”是复数名词，只需在词尾加上撇号，即可表示所有关系，故选B。 4．—Look! Sam in this photo is laughing so happily. —Yes, I really like this ________. A．photo of he B．photo of him C．photo of his 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——看！Sam在这张照片中笑得好幸福。——是的，我很喜欢他的这张照片。考查所有格的形式。of表示“……的，属于”；根据句意可知，此处表示“有Sam的这张照片”，而不是指Sam的一张照片，因此应用人称代词宾格him。故选B。 5. —Do you know the boy_____is reading a book? Certainly. He is a friend of________. A. who; my sister's B. who; my sister C. whose; my sister 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你认识正在读书的那个男孩吗？——当然可以。他是我妹妹的一个朋友。考查定语从句关系词及双重所有格。先行词“the boy”指人，且在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句；结合“a friend of...”可知此处指我妹妹的朋友中的一个，用双重所有格，of后用my sister’s。故选A。 二、单词拼写 【难度】0.85 1．（2025·四川成都·模拟预测）Do you want to know about d ? If you do, you can go to Zi Gong for a visit. There’s a museum about the huge animal. 【答案】(d)inosaurs 【解析】句意：你想了解恐龙吗？如果你这样做，你可以去子贡参观。有一个关于这种巨大动物的博物馆。根据“If you do, you can go to Zi Gong for a visit. There’s a museum about the huge animal.”及首字母提示可知，这种大型动物在博物馆里，说明已经灭绝了的动物，dinosaur“恐龙”符合句意，此处表示泛指，用名词复数。故填(d)inosaurs。 2．（2025·四川内江·模拟预测）After Rong chang became popular during May Day 2025, t______from all over the country flocked (聚集) there to experience its unique charm. 【答案】(t)ourists 【解析】句意：在2025年五一期间荣昌走红后，来自全国各地的游客聚集在那里体验它独特的魅力。根据“flocked there to experience its unique charm”可知是人们聚集过去，结合首字母t可知，这里指游客，tourist是可数名词，根据语境可知是很多游客，要用复数形式tourists，在句中作主语。故填(t)ourists。 3.（2025·四川成都·模拟预测）We all believe that a one-thousand-mile journey always starts with the very first s . 【答案】(s)tep 【解析】句意：我们都相信千里之行始于足下。根据“a one-thousand-mile journey always starts with the very first…”的语境并结合首字母提示可知，此处指千里之行始于足下，表示走千里远的路程，是从脚下迈第一步开始的，step“步”符合。故填(s)tep。 4.（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）We are very proud of the great_______(achieve) that we have made in the space industry in the past years. 【答案】achievements 【解析】句意：我们对过去几年在航天工业中取得的伟大成就感到非常骄傲。achieve获得，此处接在形容词great后，需要名词形式achievement，可数名词，过去几年我们所取得的成就很多，用复数表达。故填achievements。 5.The environment problem is becoming more and more serious because of the p . 【答案】(p)ollution 【解析】句意：由于污染，环境问题变得越来越严重。根据“The environment problem is becoming more and more serious because of the...”及首字母提示可知，因为污染，环境问题变得越来越严重，pollution“污染”，不可数名词。故填(p)ollution。 6.（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）With the development of science, more kinds of______(robot) will appear in our families in the future. 【答案】robots 【解析】句意：随着科学的发展，未来会有更多种类的机器人出现在我们的家庭中。根据“more kinds of”可知，更多种类的，后面接可数名词复数，robot的复数形式为robots，故填robots。 7. There are 105 teachers in our school and one third of them are_______.（男教师） 【答案】men teachers 【解析】句意：我们学校有105名教师，其中三分之一是男教师。man teacher“男教师”，根据“one third of the mare.可知，此处应使用名词复数形式，该复合名词中两个名词都需要变成复数形式。故填men teachers。8. We’ll have a school trip in D , the last month of a year (年). 【答案】(D)ecember 【解析】句意：我们将在12月，也就是一年的最后一个月，有一次学校旅行。根据“the last month of a year (年).”可知，一年最后一个月是十二月，应用December。故填(D)ecember。 9.（2025·四川成都·模拟预测）China's Bei Dou system develops quickly and it has played an important role in many f_______of modern life. 【答案】(f)ields 【解析】句意：中国北斗系统发展迅速，在现代生活的许多领域发挥了重要作用。根据"it has played an important role in many f.of modern life.”及首字母提示可知，应表达在很多领域发挥重要作用，field"领域”，many修饰名词复数。故填(f)ields。 10. This store with the perfect service has won many c__________hearts since the opening. 【答案】(c)ustomers' 【详解】句意：这家店自开业以来，以其完美的服务赢得了许多顾客的心。根据首字母c及“Thisstore.”可知，商店赢得了顾客的心；customer“顾客”，可数名词；因其前有many修饰，故用其复数形式；此处应是名词所有格customer’s，作定语修饰hearts。故填(c)ustomers’。 【难度】0.65 1．（2025·四川成都·模拟预测）Although there were d between great thinkers Socrates in ancient Greece and Confucius in ancient China, we can still find they had a lot in common. 【答案】(d)ifferences 【解析】句意：尽管古希腊伟大思想家苏格拉底和中国古代思想家孔子之间存在差异，但我们仍能发现他们有许多共同之处。根据“we can still find they had a lot in common”及首字母提示可知，空处和下文的“相同之处”对比，意为“不同”，difference“不同，差异”符合语境，根据“there were”可知，此处要用复数。故填(d)ifferences。 2．The Chengdu Plain belongs to the country's double-planting area. This means wheat(小麦) and rice are planted in the same f________. 【答案】(f)ield/(f)ields 【解析】句意：成都平原属于全国复种区。这意味着小麦和水稻种植在相同的区域。根据"The Chengdu Plain belongs to the country’s double-planting area.This means wheat and rice are planted in the same f."可知,小麦和水稻种植在相同的田地, field"领域,田地”，此处表示单数或复数含义均可，故填(field(s)。 3. （2024·四川成都·二模）The light reflects in all different d so we can see what our teachers write on the blackboard on each seat. 【答案】(d)irections 【解析】句意：光线向各个不同的方向反射，所以我们可以看到老师在每个座位的黑板上写的东西。根据“The light reflects in all different”可知光线向各个不同的方向反射，direction“方向”，此处用名词复数。故填(d)irections。 4.（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）As an important part of the Spring Festival, this year's Gala celebrated not only China's rich traditions but also modern______(achieve). 【答案】achievements 【解析】句意：作为春节的重要组成部分，今年的春晚不仅庆祝了中国丰富的传统，也庆祝了现代的成就。根据“modern”（现代的）是形容词，后面需要修饰名词，以及英文提示“achieve”（动词，实现；取得）可知，此处应用其名词形式"achievement”，且"achievement”表示“成就”时是可数名词，结合语境，此处应用复数形式“achievements”。故填achievements。 5.（2025·安微合肥·二模）It is known that Li Bai and other p________(诗人) have left many great poems to us. 【答案】(p)oets 【解析】句意：众所周知，李白和其他诗人给我们留下了许多伟大的诗篇。poet“诗人”，可数名词，other修饰名词复数。故填（p)oets。 6．（2025·四川成都·中考真题）Because of the archaeological (考古的) efforts over recent years, a lot of a have been made in the study of China’s history. 【答案】(a)chievements 【解析】句意：由于近年来考古方面的努力，中国历史研究取得了许多成果。根据“Because of the archaeological (考古的) efforts over recent years, a lot of...have been made in the study of China’s history.”和所给首字母可知，由于近年来的考古努力，中国历史研究领域应是取得了许多成果成就。“成果，成就”achievement，此处应用其复数形式。故填(a)chievements。 7．（2024·四川成都·二模）The d of ancient objects while digging can tell us a lot about the history. 【答案】(d)iscovery/(d)iscoveries 【解析】句意：在挖掘过程中发现的古代物品可以告诉我们很多关于历史的信息。根据“The...of ancient objects while digging”以及首字母可知，这里指的是挖掘过程中的古代物品的发现，discovery“发现”，单数复数都可以。故填(d)iscovery/(d)iscoveries。 8. It is known to us all that the first month of the year is J . 【答案】(J)anuary 【解析】句意：我们都知道一年的第一个月是一月。根据“It is known to us all that the first month of the year is”可知，一年的第一个月份是一月份，January“一月份”，故填(J)anuary。 9．He doesn’t believe in the (exist) of ghosts. But he respects those who believe in it. 【答案】existence 【解析】句意：他不相信鬼魂的存在，但尊重相信鬼魂的人。空格处位于定冠词“the”后，需用名词作宾语。“exist”是动词，意为“存在”，其名词形式为“existence”，the existence of ghosts“鬼魂的存在”。故填existence。 10.（2024·四川成都·一模）How life began on earth is one of the greatest m of science and scientists will try their best to find the answer. 【答案】(m)ysteries 【解析】句意：地球上的生命是如何起源的是科学界最大的谜团之一，科学家们将竭尽全力寻找答案。根据空前的one of可知，空格处应填名词复数形式；再根据语境和首字母可知，地球上的生命是如何起源的是科学界最大的谜团之一。mystery“谜”，复数为mysteries。故填(m)ysteries。 11. It is very convenient for_______(a person who rides in a car,bus,train,etc.but does not drive it) to use e-tickets when they are taking high-speed train. 【答案】passengers 【解析】句意：乘客（乘坐汽车、公交车、火车等交通工具但不亲自驾驶的人）在乘坐高铁时使用电子票是非常方便的。根据英文解释“aperson who rides in a car, bus, train, etc. but does not drive it”可知, 此处指“乘客”passenger“乘客”，可数名词;根据"when they are taking high-speed train”可知，此处用名词复数形式，故填passengers。 12.The pop star’s team spent a lot of time dealing with her gifts after the concert. (admire) 【答案】admirers’ 【解析】句意：这位流行歌星的团队在演唱会后花了很多时间处理她的仰慕者的礼物。空格后是名词gifts（礼物），需要一个定语来修饰它，说明“礼物”的归属。所给单词admire是动词，意为“钦佩、仰慕”，需要先变为名词admirer（仰慕者）。这位流行歌星的“仰慕者”肯定不止一个，因此admirer要变为复数形式admirers。要表示“仰慕者们的礼物”，需要在复数名词后加所有格符号。故填admirers’。 13. Compared with other_______(music), his works seem to be touching as well as inspiring. 【答案】musicians' 【解析】句意：与其他音乐家的作品相比，他的作品似乎既感人又鼓舞人心。other后跟名词复数；music“音乐”，musician“音乐家”，可数名词，musicians’代指其他音乐家的作品。故填musicians’。 14. My father's letter reminds me of the_______(温暖) of family and encourages me to go back home as soon as possible. 【答案】warmth 【解析】句意：我父亲的信让我感到了家庭的温暖，并鼓励我尽快回家。the+名词+of+名词，构成of短语所有格；温暖：warmth，不可数名词。故填warmth。 15. Taikonauts are role models for young people and many are big fans of________.(they) 【答案】theirs 【解析】句意：中国航天宇航员是年轻人的榜样，许多人都是他们的忠实粉丝。根据“many are big fans of...及所给词可知，此处指“他们的粉丝"，此处是“名词+of+名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格结构，they的名词性物主代词是theirs，故填theirs。 【难度】0.4 1．（2024·四川成都·二模）Bamboo has many a over other materials, so it is widely used in many fields, like building houses, making furniture… 【答案】(a)dvantages 【解析】句意：竹子相比其他材料有很多优点，所以它被广泛应用于许多领域，比如盖房子，做家具……根据“Bamboo has many a... over other materials, so it is widely used in many fields, like building houses, making furniture…”可知，竹子比其他材料有很多优点，advantage“优点”，many修饰可数名词复数，故填(a)dvantages。 2.（2025·四川成都·模拟预测）China Travel has become more and more f new choice and they’ve enjoyed it. 【答案】(f)oreigners’ 【解析】句意：中国旅游已成为越来越多外国人的新选择，而且他们乐在其中。根据句意及首字母提示可知，空格处需填写名词所有格修饰new choice；China Travel意思是“中国旅游”；new choice意思是“新的选择”，即对于外国人来说是一个新的选择。foreigners意思是“外国人”，复数名词，这里需用名词所有格形式。故填(f)oreigners’。 3. The_______(the outside or part of something) of the lake is quiet because there is no wind. 【答案】surface 【解析】句意：湖面很平静，因为没有风。根据“the...of”可知，此空需要一个名词；结合英文提示，应该是说湖的表面，因此surface符合句意。故填surface。 三、补全单词 （2025·四川成都·模拟预测）在空格中填上适当的单词，使对话完整正确。一空一词（含缩写词）。 A: Hey, Li Ming. Did you hear about the The 15 China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition latest China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition in Zhuhai?It was held successfully! B: Yeah, how can I miss such an event? Some of the latest Chinese planes and space technologies were shown, quite surprising/amazing the world. A: Yeah! What do you think is the most important thing behind all these great achievements ? B: I think it’s the 1 of the scientists and researchers. Without them,these wonderful space products would just be 2 . A: That’s true. For example, the J-35A stealth fighter (歼-35A) marks an important step for China to catch the US in military (军事) power. I feel so proud after seeing some of the planes. And I feel even safer , thinking of all those powerful planes can protect us. B: So do I. With those planes, other countries will have to think twice before getting their planes over China, not to mention (更不用说) hurting any Chinese without considering the 3 . A: That’s right. Anyway, what planes from other countries interested/attracted you? After all, this was an international event. B: I think it’s China’s newest space products that shone the most. A: I think so. Now I’m expecting more progress China will make.【难度】0.4 B: Me, too. 【答案】 1．result/results 2．interested/attracted 3．expecting 【解析】本文介绍了中国国际航空航天展览会的成功举办，以及展览会上展示的最新飞机和航天技术，强调了科学家和研究人员的努力，并表达了对中国未来发展的期待。 1．句意：我认为是科学家和研究人员的努力。根据“of the scientists and researchers.”及语境可知，这些都是科学家和研究人员的“努力”，此处名词用复数形式，故填efforts。 2．句意：没有他们，这些奇妙的航天产品就只是梦想。根据“Without them, these wonderful space products would just be ”可知，没有这些科学家的努力，就造不出这么惊艳的产品，没有如此惊艳世界的产品，也就成为了“梦想”，此处用名词，故填dreams。 3．句意：有了这些飞机，其他国家在将飞机飞越中国之前必须三思，更不用说在考虑后果之前伤害任何中国人。根据“...hurting any Chinese without considering”可知，此处指的是不考虑“后果”，此处用名词，可用单数形式也可以用复数形式，故填result/results。 四、短文填空 （一） （2025·山东日照·中考真题改编）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Zara Lachlan is 21 years old and from the UK. She set off from Portugal in a rowing boat on October 27. She would be rowing across the Atlantic Ocean with no one else to help her. Zara faced many 1 (challenge) along the way. Big waves turned her boat over. She hurt her arm, cut her leg, and broke a finger. At one point, she was nearly run over by a large ship. When she was crossing through the Canary Islands, Zara ran into a big storm. And it kept her boat off course for some time. However, Zara was so strong-willed that she decided not to give up. Her goal was to be the youngest person to row across the Atlantic.【难度】0.85 【答案】1．challenges 【解析】本文讲述了21岁的英国女孩Zara Lachlan独自划船穿越大西洋的经历，她克服了重重困难，最终成功抵达目的地，实现了自己的目标。 1．句意：Zara一路上面临着许多挑战。根据“many”可知，此处应用名词复数形式，“challenge”的复数形式是“challenges”。故填challenges。 （二） Complete the passage according to the lessons you learned. The first letter of the word is given. (10 scores) 填单词，补全短文，单词的首字母已给出。 The communication skill is of great importance to us. When you travel abroad, it is important to know how to ask for help politely. Take “Where are... ” and “Could you please... ” as an example, these are similar r 1 , but the first one doesn’t sound proper. Communication matters in our own growth as well. Li Wen, a left-behind child who was often absent/absent from school before, but now he studies harder than ever. Because of a long and heart-to-heart talk with his parents, he understood their love. The talk was exactly what he needed and helped him grow up better. But do you know that communication is also at the heart of cultural traditions, such as serving tea as a sign of respect. Let’s get into the world of Chinese tea culture. As we all know, tea plants are mostly grown/grown on mountainsides. After the leaves are picked, they are sent for processing. Then the packed tea products will be sold worldwide. It’s because tea is good for both health and b 2 . Serving tea is a silent way to communicate, so are other traditional arts. For example, sky lanterns were first used to ask for help. But today at festivals, sky lanterns usually light up the night. They are made of bamboo and are covered/covered with paper. When lanterns are lit, they slowly rise up into the air like hot-air balloons. That’s why they stand for happiness and good wishes.【难度】0.65 【答案】1．requests/equests 2．business/usiness 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，从沟通技巧的重要性切入，以实例说明礼貌请求与亲子沟通的作用，并延伸至中国茶艺、孔明灯等传统文化中的沟通智慧，展现沟通在个人成长与文化传承中的核心价值。 1．句意：以“Where are...”和 “Could you please... ”为例，这些都是类似的请求，但第一个听起来不太合适。根据前文列举的两个句式，结合首字母“r”，可知此处指“请求”，“request”为可数名词，由“these”可知用复数形式“requests”。故填requests。 2．句意：这是因为茶叶对健康和商业都有好处。根据“the packed tea products will be sold worldwide”及首字母“b”，茶叶销往全球体现其“商业价值”，business“商业”符合语义。故填business。 （三） （中考模拟改编）China is a country full of treasure and wisdom. We love Mid-Autumn festival. The most touching story—Chang’e flies up to the moon—is well-known to all. After shooting down the nine suns, Hou Yi was given magic m 1 by a goddess. However, his wife Chang’e took it all and flew up to the moon because Pang Meng wanted to steal it. Nowadays, people share mooncakes with their families under the moon to celebrate this festival. According to Chinese history, the ancient people sent sky l 2 made of bamboo and paper to ask for help when they were in trouble. How wise they were! Today, these small hot-air balloons are seen as bright s 3 of happiness and good wishes. Of course, not only China, but also Britain is full of talented writers. Taking Charles Dickens as an example, he showed people the true meaning of Christmas in his book A Christmas Carol. In Scrooge’s dream, three g 4 visited him. The first one reminded him of his happy childhood. The second one took him to see how others were spending Christmas h 5 . The last one let him see his miserable (可怜的) future after his d 6 . Luckily, he found it was only a dream. He totally changed after he woke up. He became a kind and warm-hearted person in the end.【难度】0.65 【答案】1．(m)edicine 2．(l)anterns 3．(s)ymbols 4．(g)hosts 5．(h)oliday 6．(d)eath 【解析】本文描述了两个不同国家的文化故事。 1．句意：击落九个太阳后，后羿得到了女神的灵丹妙药。根据“by a goddess”可知是指得到了女神的灵丹妙药。medicine“药”，不可数名词。故填(m)edicine。 2．句意：根据中国历史，古代人们遇到困难时会用竹子和纸制成的天灯来寻求帮助。根据“made of bamboo and paper to ask for help”可知是指用竹子和纸制成的天灯来寻求帮助。sky lanterns“天灯”，复数表泛指。故填(l)anterns。 3．句意：如今，这些小型热气球被视为幸福和美好祝愿的鲜明象征。根据“happiness and good wishes”可知是指幸福和美好祝愿的鲜明象征。symbol“象征”，此处需用复数形式表泛指，故填(s)ymbols。 4．句意：在斯克鲁奇的梦中，有三个鬼魂拜访了他。根据“In Scrooge’s dream”可知是指有三个鬼魂拜访了他。three后接名词复数ghosts“鬼”，故填(g)hosts。 5．句意：第二个鬼魂带他去看其他人是如何度过圣诞节的。根据“others were spending Christmas”可知是指其他人是如何度过圣诞节的。Christmas holiday“圣诞假日”，故填(h)oliday。 6．句意：最后一个鬼魂让他看到了自己死后悲惨的未来。根据“The last one let him see his miserable (可怜的) future”可知是死后悲惨的未来。death“死亡”，故填(d)eath。 （四） （2025·四川南充·二模改编）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案写在答题卡相应的横线上。 Common people also ordered takeout. The owners of restaurants got their waiters to go out into the streets and ask loudly which dishes could be sent hat day. People could then place an order. Delivery (快递) 1 (work) would bring food to their homes later. In the famous Song Dynasty painting Along the River During the Qingming Festival (《清明上河图》), a takeout worker is doing delivery work. We can easily see the man walking 2 with food in his hand in a hurry. People at that time even had boxes for takeout dishes. However, they weren’t like normal boxes. They were long 2 (wood) boxes with several layers (层). People also used plates made of two layers of porcelain (瓷). Hot water could be put between the first layer and the second. In this way, they could keep the dishes warm. 【难度】0.65 【答案】1．workers 2．wooden 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了外卖在宋代就已经存在，并详细描述了当时的外卖服务方式和盛放外卖的器具。 1．句意：快递员随后会把食物送到他们家。空格前有名词Delivery作定语，需填名词作主语，根据谓语动词“would bring”判断主语应为复数（宋代外卖是群体职业）。故填workers。 2．句意：它们是长形的多层木盒。空格前有形容词long，后接名词boxes，需要形容词修饰。wood的形容词形式wooden表示“木制的”。故填wooden。 （五） （2025·四川巴中·中考真题改编）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词，并将答案写到答题卡上相应的位置。 There are some main 1 of this irrigation system. The first is a levee (防洪堤) named Yuzui. It stood in the middle of the river to control the amount of water that entered the two channels (渠道). The second part is a channel that was cut through a mountain by means of heating the rock and then pouring water on it. The narrow opening of the irrigation system controlled the amount of water entering the system. It is called Baopingkou. It is said that the 20-meter-wide channel required 8 years to finish. The third/last part is a spillway called Feishayan that was dug to discharge water and silt.【难度】0.15 【答案】1．parts 【解析】本文介绍了都江堰灌溉工程，包括其地理位置、建造时间、建造目的、历史背景、工程效益，以及该灌溉系统的主要组成部分及其功能。 1．句意：这个灌溉系统有一些主要的部分。根据下文介绍的都江堰的组成部分可知，此处指这个灌溉系统有一些主要的部分，应用名词part“部分”的复数形式parts。故填parts。 五、完形填空 （一） （2025·四川成都·模拟预测改编）A study has drawn people’s attention recently. It shows that 87% of Chinese businesses will increase their spending on AI in 2025. It also says that 58% of Chinese business 1 feel their companies’ AI technology is developing faster than they expected. The study surveyed 790 managers and 687 employees (雇员) from 22 industries across the Asia-Pacific area. The top three 2 where companies plan to use AI in 2025 are information technology, engineering and manufacturing (制造业), and research and development. The study also finds 77% of Chinese employees believe AI will greatly influence their jobs. About 85% of employees are already using AI at work, with 63% having used it for more than a year. It’s believed that China’s AI technology will make big 3 in the future.【难度】0.85 1．A．patterns B．centers C．leaders 2．A．ways B．reasons C．fields 3．A．progress B．money C．trouble 【答案】 1．C 2．C 3．A 【解析】本文主要介绍了中国企业在人工智能领域的投资趋势及对AI技术发展的看法。 1．句意：该报告还表示，58%的中国商业领导者认为他们公司的人工智能技术发展速度比他们预期的要快。patterns模式；centers中心；leaders领导者。根据“It also says that 58% of Chinese business... feel their companies’ AI technology is developing faster than they expected.”可知，此处指的是中国企业的管理者或负责人。故选C。 2．句意：企业计划在2025年使用人工智能的前三大领域是信息技术、工程制造和研发。ways方法；reasons理由；fields领域。根据“information technology, engineering and manufacturing (制造业), and research and development.”可知，此处指的是企业计划应用AI的领域或行业。故选C。 3．句意：人们相信，中国的人工智能技术将在未来取得巨大进步。progress进步；money金钱；trouble麻烦。根据“It’s believed that China’s AI technology will make big... in the future.”可知，此处指指的是AI技术将在未来取得重大进展。故选A。 （二） （2025·云南昆明·三模改编）从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并将所选答案涂到答题卡的相应位置上。 Zengzi, also called Zeng Shen, became a good student of Confucius when he was 16. Early one morning, Zengzi’s wife left for the market. Her little 31 wanted to go with her. But he was too young and the market was too far. Then she cheated (欺骗) her son and said, “I will soon be back. You stay at home and wait for me.If you do as I say, I will kill a pig and make a nice dish for you.” The child went back to the house happily.【难度】0.65 1．A．son B．daughter C．brother D．sister 【答案】1．A 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了曾子的故事——杀猪教子，告诉我们要言而有信，作为父母要以身作则，为孩子树立诚信的榜样。 1．句意：她的小儿子想要和她一起去（市场）。son儿子；daughter女儿；brother兄弟；sister姐妹。根据“Then she cheated (欺骗) her son”可知，说的是儿子。故选A。 （三） （2025·四川成都·模拟预测改编）Legend (传说) has it that the sky was mended by Nüwa. After that, the 1 of humans increased greatly. They couldn’t find enough food in fields to feed themselves. Fuxi was helpful, so he showed humans how to catch fish with hands. However, that was a terrible thing for the Dragon King, who ruled the oceans and rivers. He worried that if humans continued fishing, he would soon have no one to rule over. A tortoise (龟), the Dragon King’s prime minister, advised him to tell Fuxi that humans mustn’t fish in his rivers using their hands. The 2 just put humans at risk of getting hungry. Fuxi spent several days thinking of ways to solve the problem. One day, while sitting under a tree, Fuxi saw a spider weaving a web. Suddenly, he came up with an idea. He made a huge net with ropes made from wild reeds and threw it into the river. To his surprise, it was successful. He caught lots of fish with the net. He excitedly showed humans his new 3 . When the Dragon King learned what Fuxi had done, he got angry. The tortoise tried to climb onto the Dragon King’s shoulders to offer some calming words, but the Dragon King slapped him down into an ink (墨水) bowl. 难度0.65 1．A．mystery B．power C．population 2．A．fact B．magic C．rule 3．A．world B．task C．invention 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．C 【解析】本文讲述了女娲补天后，人类数量剧增导致食物匮乏。伏羲教人徒手捕鱼，引发统治水域的龙王不满。龙王派龟丞相传令禁捕，伏羲受蜘蛛结网启发，以芦苇编网成功捕鱼，激怒龙王。故事展现了智慧与自然力量的博弈。 1．句意：在那之后，人类的人口数量大幅增长。 mystery奥秘；power力量；population人口。根据“After that, the...of humans increased greatly. They couldn’t find enough food...”可知，人口增长导致食物短缺，故选C。 2．句意：这条规定让人类面临挨饿的风险。 fact事实；magic魔法；rule规定。 根据“humans mustn’t fish in his rivers using their hands.”可知，前文提到龙王禁止捕鱼，此处指他的“规定”，故选C。 3．句意：他兴奋地向人类展示他的新发明。 world世界；task任务；invention发明。根据“He made a huge net with ropes made from wild reeds”可知，渔网是伏羲的创新工具，故选C。 （四） （2025·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·三模改编）阅读短文，从短文后各题所给的三个选项（A、B和C）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 “Spring Festival” here refers not to the Chinese New Year’s starting date, but to the cultural practices kept by Chinese communities during this 12 . This tradition includes house-cleaning (da sao chu) before New Year’s Eve, wearing new clothes, and decorating homes with red items. Festival activities like the family reunion dinner and giving red packets with lucky money connect family better and share happy moments. In recent years, the Spring Festival has become a joyful event for the world. Several lively and fun traditions rooted in the Chinese culture have grown on people outside China. For example, the dragon and lion dances, which are believed to scare away bad luck and bring best wishes, have attracted people in many different countries. The 2 that the festival shows are accepted by many countries. More and more people are showing growing interest in exploring cultural heritage crafts such as paper-cutting and zodiac (生肖) animal stories like the Loong or snake.【难度0.65】 1．A．period B．year C．stage 2．A．benefits B．interests C．values 【答案】1．A 2．C 【解析】本文主要讲述了春节被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录的重要意义和影响。 1．句意：这里的“春节”不是指中国新年的开始日期，而是指中国社区在此期间保留的文化习俗。 period时期；year年；stage舞台。根据“during this...”可知，是指在春节期间。故选A。 take off脱下；put out扑灭；scare away吓跑。根据“bad luck”可知，是吓跑厄运。故选C。 2．句意：这个节日所展现的价值观被许多国家所接受。 benefits好处；interests兴趣；values价值。根据“the Spring Festival has become a joyful event for the world”可知，春节展现出来的价值观得到了许多国家的认可。故选C。 （五） （2025·四川成都·二模改编）2025 is a Wood Snake Year. The snake is common in Chinese fairy tales. How many of the following 1 do you know? Xiushe Do you know the Chinese saying, “A man who’s never satisfied is like a snake trying to swallow (吞) an elephant”? It comes from a story about Xiushe. Xiushe is a large 2 that is hundreds of meters long. According to Shanhaijing, Xiushe once swallowed an elephant. It took the snake three years to spit out all the bones (吐出骨头)! Huashe Huashe has the face of a man, the body of a jackal (豺), two 3 of a bird and the tail of a snake. It moves like a snake and cries like a baby. When it cries, a great flood (洪水) follows. In one story, a farmer followed the sound of a baby crying and found a snake-shaped monster. Three days later, more than 850 nearby villages were flooded.【难度】0.65 1．A．years B．materials C．kinds 2．A．elephant B．person C．snake 3．A．heads B．wings C．mouths 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 【解析】本文主要介绍了中国神话中两种与蛇相关的神秘生物：修蛇和化蛇，分别讲述了它们的故事和特点。 1．句意：以下几种你知道多少？years年；materials材料；kinds种类。下文介绍了修蛇和化蛇这两种蛇，此处说的是种类。故选C。 2．句意：修蛇是一条长达数百米的大蛇。elephant大象；person人；snake蛇。根据“It comes from a story about Xiushe.”“Xiushe”可知，修蛇是一条大蛇。故选C。 3．句意：化蛇有男人的脸，豺狼的身体，鸟的两翼和蛇的尾巴。heads头；wings翅膀；mouths嘴。根据“of a bird”可知，指鸟的两翼。故选B。 （六） （中考模拟题改编）The purpose of the Great Wall was to defend (防御) 1 . According to records, the first wall was built 2,500 years ago. Four different walls started going up as early as 700 BC． About 500 years later, the fifth emperor got tired of fighting with the northern people. He wanted to connect the four different walls together. Then he ordered thousands of people to build the wall. Then, 1,500 years after that, another emperor wanted to make the wall even stronger. So he began the third construction (建设) of the Great Wall. The wall got longer and watch-towers were added all along the wall. The Great Wall is famous as the eighth wonder of the world. Up to now, the wall’s size and the Chinese history have made it on the list of the greatest human achievements. 【难度】0.65 1．A．enemies B．friends C．families D．relatives 【答案】1．A 【解析】本文主要介绍了长城。 1．句意：修建长城的目的是为了防御敌人。enemies敌人；friends朋友；families家人；relatives亲戚。根据“The purpose of the Great Wall was to defend (防御)”可知，应是防御敌人的。故选A。 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 中考英语名词精准突破 目 录 01·考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02·时空导航·网络构建.............................................................................................................................................3 03·题型通关·靶向突破 13 04·优提精选·练能提分 16 01·考情剖析·命题前瞻 考查维度 核心内容 核心考点 考点1 名词词义辨析（高频考点） 考点2名词单复数（高频考点） 考点3名词所有格 考点4名词的词性转换 常考题型 单项选择、完形填空、单句填空、语篇填空、语法选择 命题理念 1.素养导向、情景融合： ①立足语篇考查名词运用与词义推理，提升语言综合运用能力。 ②渗透Spring Festival、Christmas等名词，增强跨文化交际能力及文化意识。 ③培养在语境中推理词义的思维品质，提升灵活性与独立性。 2.能力分层、思维进阶： ①基础层：在语境中名词辨析或提示判断单复数的能力。 ②高阶层：分析篇章逻辑、句子成分并进行词性正确转换的能力。 3.知识运用、综合运用： 将名词与冠词、代词、主谓一致等结合，检验逻辑推理、分析整合能力。 4.侧重语篇、句法衔接： 考查名词在构建语义逻辑、实现句子衔接的功能，而非单纯考查名词基本词义。 命题特点 1.情境真实、时代性强： 涵盖学生生活、社会热点、科技环保、中华文化、乡村振兴等主题(如：春节、AI等）。 2.学科渗透、视野开阔 融入语文、历史、地理知识等跨学科知识，（如：sea trench海沟、archaeological考古的)。 3.多元设问、形式创新： 与动词时态、介词、固定搭配综合考查，（例如：a window into...了解……的窗口/途径）。 4.语境活用、避免死记： 在语境中确定单复数、所属关系、所有格变化规则等，强调实际运用。（例如：teachers’）。 5.成都特色、文化传播 ①文化地标：锦里(Jinli Street)、武侯祠(Wuhou Shrine)、 青城山(Qingcheng Mountain)等。 ②地方美食：火锅(Hot pot)、龙抄手(Wonton)、担担面(Danan Noodles)等。 ③非物遗产：川剧(Sichuan Opera)、蜀绣(Shu embroidery)、变脸(Face-changing Performance)等。 核心知 识清单 1.可数名词复数规则： ①规则变化： map→maps、family→families、hero→heroes、party→parties、knife→knives ②不规则变化： child→children、man→men、woman→women、foot→feet、 tooth→teeth、sheep→sheep、fish→fish、Chinese→Chinese 2.复合名词复数形式： hometown→hometowns、bookshelf→bookshelves 3.名词数的双重性： water、milk、bread、rice、chicken、fish、advice、experience、energy、exercise、paper 4.不可数名词量化表达: a great many、a (large) number of、a great deal of、plenty of、a lot of/lots of 5.-’s所有格的用法： ①Tom’s book、three day’s holiday、Mid-Autumn Festival’s day ②Mike’s and Lily’s room、Mike’s and Mick’s rooms、at the doctor’s (office) 6.词形转换： ①形→名：true→truth、happy→happiness、different→difference、kind→kindness ②动→名：win→winner、decide→decision、achieve→achievement、act→actor 命题预测 1.考查深度： 侧重在语境下对“熟词生义”和“一词多义”的考查。(如:①run经营；运转②time次数；倍数) 2.考查综合性： 在语篇填空题，名词的多个考点与主谓一致冠词选择结合的可能性高。 3.思维高阶化： 凭借语篇逻辑和作者的情感态度，排除干扰项，选出正确答案。 4.素材多样化： 结合图表或使用文本（如：通知邮件等）要求学生提取信息，转化为名词的正确形式。 语境词 积累 1.科技环保： AI、space station、environment、pollution、energy、solution 2.文化建设： culture、tradition、rural revitalization、Chinese medicine 3.人际角色：friend、relative、neighbor、teacher、doctor、worker、advice、decision、opinion 4.本地习俗： Kuanzhai Alley(宽窄巷子)、Du Fu Thatched Cottage(杜甫草堂)、Panda Base(熊猫基地)、Bowl Tea(盖碗茶) 5.非遗技艺： Bamboo Weaving(竹编)、Shadow Puppetry(皮影戏)、Intangible Cultural Heritage(非遗) 6.节日活动： Chengdu Marathon(成都马拉松)、Flower Fair(花会)、Lantern Festival(灯会) 备考策略 1.绘制考点思维导图，构建知识网络，杜绝死记硬背。 2.总结近三年真题名词的命题方式和考点。 3.突破弱项，攻克薄弱环节，归纳错题原因。 4.每日精练1篇B卷短文填空，摘抄真题及考点解法。 5.分类语境化记忆，提高学习效率。 6.每周完成一套真题，统计得分率，总结经验。 7.建立专属“名词错题本”，抄录错题，用红笔分析错误根源。 02·时空导航·网络构建 ★知识点1 名词的分类 名词用来表示人名、事物名称、时间、地点和抽象概念等的一类词。名词根据其意义，可分为普通名词和专有名词；按其形式可以分为简单名词和复合名词。 1.普通名词 定义 示例 特征 个体名词 表示个体的人或事物的名词 book书 friend朋友 有单复数两种形式 student学生 apple 苹果 集体名词 表示一群人或一些事物的名词，是不可分割的整体 people人 family家人 本身表示复数概念 police警察 group 组；群 物质名词 表示无法分成个体的物质或材料的名词 water水 beef牛肉 无单复数之分 air空气 paper纸 抽象名词 表示品质、感情、状态、行为等抽象概念的名词 time时间 love爱 wisdom智慧 success成功 happiness幸福 honesty诚实 易错警示: ①专有名词的每个单词的首字母一般都要大写，但冠词和部分较短的介词一般不大写，如the White House(白宫)；也可将所有字母都大写，如Teacher 'S Day(教师节). 2.专有名词 类别 示例 表示人名、尊称或头衔的专有名词 Dr.Wang王医生/博士 Su Shi苏轼 Mark Twain马克·吐温 表示团体、机构的专有名词 WHO (World Health Organization)世界卫生组织 World Trade Organization(WTO)世界贸易组织 表示星期、月份和节日的专有名词 Tuesday星期二 February二月 August八月 Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节 Dragon Boat Festival端午节 National Day国庆节 表示国名、地名、山河名的专有名词 China中国 Canada加拿大 Mount Huangshan黄山 由普通名词构成的专有名词 Tian'anmen Square天安门广场 the Palace Museum故宫博物院 the Great Wall长城 书名、歌曲名、报刊名、杂志名等也是专有名词 China Daily《中国日报》 Harry Potter《哈利•波特》 Journey to the west《西游记》 易错警示: 专有名词表示特定的人、事物、地方、机构、组织等专有的名称，如Tom、New York、People’s Square。 ①专有名词通常没有复数形式。专有名词表示独一无二的事物。 ②专有名词前面一般不加冠词，由表示江河湖海、山脉群岛等地理名称的专有名词，前面一般要加the,例如：the Yangtze River(长江)，the Great wall（长城）。 ③人名的前面若有尊称或头衔，包括身份、地位、名称等，第一个字母也要大写。如Mr. (先生)、Ms.(女士)、Doctor (博士)、President (总统)等。 3.简单名词 简单名词指单个名词，它不由两个或多个词组合而成，也没有复杂的前后缀等。英语中的大多数名词都是简单名词。 类别 构成 示例 简单名词 表示某类人或某类事物的名称 car汽车 book书 ‌house‌房子 集体名词 表示一群人或一些事物的名词 class班；班级 people人；人们 group组；群 物质名词 无法分为个体的物质或材料 water水 rice米饭 paper纸 抽象名词 表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念 success成功 love爱 joy高兴 4.合成名词 合成名词是指由两个或两个以上的词构成的名词。复合名词主要有以下几种构成形式: 构成形式 例词 名词+名词 classroom教室 newspaper报纸 schoolbag书包 名词+动词 haircut理发 sunrise日出 snowfall下雪 名词+动词-ing形式 handwriting书法 Thanksgiving感恩节 daydreaming白日梦 动词-ing形式+名词 washing machine洗衣机 ‌reading room‌阅览室 drinking water饮用水 动词+名词 ‌workshop‌工作坊 playground操场 breakfast早餐 形容词+名词 ‌blackboard‌黑板 supermarket超市 highway高速公路 副词+动词 income收入 outlook观点 upstart暴发户 ★‌知识点2 名词的句法功能 名词在句子中可以担任除谓语之外的任何成分，包括主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、同位语、称呼语。 句法功能 例句 作主语 Parents should be patient with their children.父母应该对他们的孩子有耐心。 作宾语 I saw a movie yesterday.昨天我看了一场电影。 作表语 This place used to be a factory.这个地方过去是一家工厂。 作状语 The supermarket is ten minutes’ walk from here. 超市离这里有十分钟的步行路程。 作同位语 My friend Tom is very friendly.我的朋友汤姆非常友好。 作宾语补足语 They painted the wall white.他们把墙刷成了成白色。 作独立成分 When is your birthday,Linda?琳达，你什么时候生日？ 知识拓展： 名词作定语时的单复数 1.一般情况下用单数形式。如：A food factory一家食品厂 2.有些常以复数形式出现的仍然用复数形式。如：a sports meeting一场运动会 3.man和woman修饰时，当被修饰词变为复数，修饰词对应变为men或women。如：woman teacher→women teachers女老师 4.“数词+名词”作定语时，该名词一般用单数形式，且和数词之间用连字符连接起来。如：a two-day holiday一个两天的假期 ★知识点3名词的数 1.可数名词的数 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。名词的单数形式前面一般有冠词或数词one修饰，名词的复数形式前可以加表示复数概念的限定词修饰，如除one以外的基数词，指示代词these/those，不定代词many、several等。 （1）个体名词的数 ★个体名词复数形式的规则变化 情况 构成方法 示例 一般情况 在词尾加-s book→books map→maps 以s,x,ch,sh结尾 在词尾加-es glass→glasses watch→watches 以辅音字母加y结尾 变y为i加-es city→cities party→parties 以元音字母加y结尾 在词尾加-s boy→boys holiday→holidays 以f或fe结尾 变f或fe为v, 再加-es leaf→leaves life→lives 以辅音字母加o结尾 在词尾加-es potato→potatoes piano→heroes 在词尾加-s radio→radios photo→pianos 以元音字母加o结尾 在词尾加-s radio→radios zoo→zoos 口诀助记：变f或fe结尾的词 小偷(thief)之妻(wife)生存(life)难， 自己(self)扫叶(leaf)来做饭。 忽见一狼(wolf)躲架(shelf)后， 取刀(knife)把它劈两半(half)。 ★个体名词复数形式的不规则变化 变化规则 示例 改变内部元音字母构成复数形式 变a为e man→men男人 woman→women女人 变oo为ee foot→feet脚 tooth→teeth牙齿 变ouse为ice mouse→mice老鼠 词尾加-ren或-en child→children孩子 ox→oxen公牛 单复数形式相同 fish→fish鱼 sheep→sheep绵羊 “某国人” 变复数 一般直接加-s American→Americans美国人 German→Germans德国人 以-ese结尾的不变 Chinese→Chinese中国人 Japanese→Japanese日本人 英国人、法国人的复数把man变men Englishman→Englishmen英国人 Frenchman→Frenchmen法国人 助记口诀： 男人女人a变e,鹅牙足oo变ee。 老鼠ouse变ice，小孩加上ren。 鱼鹿绵羊不用变。 中日不变英法变，其余后边-s添。 词尾若把man来含，a变e来记心间。 德国人后虽是man, 却是后边-s添。 （2）集体名词的数 集体名词是指一群人、动物或事物的集合名称，以下分别从作单数和作复数两方面介绍： 情况 示例 单数形式示复数意义，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 police警察 people人们 大多数集体名词指整体时，用作单数，强调该集体中的个体成员时，用作复数 family家 class班级；同学 team 队；组 public公众 （3）合成名词的复数变化规律 变化规则 示例 通常为主体名词变复数 passer-by→passers-by 过路人；经过者 bookshelf→bookshelves 书架 复合名词的单复数形式体现在最后一个名词上 a pencil box→pencil boxes铅笔盒 a girl student→girl students女学生 man或woman构成的复合名词，前后两个名词都变复数 a woman doctor→women doctors女医生 a man teacher→men teachers 男医生 (4)只以复数形式呈现的名词 有些名词以复数形式出现 goods商品 arms武器 thanks感谢 clothes衣服 有些特名词以复数形式出现，表示复数意义，常用a pair of, two pairs of等修饰 glasses眼镜 shoes鞋 scissors剪刀 trousers裤子 易错警示: 常以复数形式出现的名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式；如果前面有量词时，谓语动词和量词的数保持一致。 The trousers are very expensive.这条裤子很贵。 She always wears a pair of glasses.她总是戴着一副眼镜。 2.不可数名词的数 不可数名词通常指不能以数目计算的名词。一般情况下，专有名词物质名词抽象名词都是不可数名词。如：water水，time时间。不可数名词无单、复数之分，其前不能用a/an或表示具体数量的数词，但可用-the修饰。不可数名词若要表示数量的多少，可参考以下结构： (1)常见的不可数名词 bread面 rice大米 pork猪肉 milk牛奶 coffee咖啡 salt盐 trouble麻烦 gold黄金 beef牛肉 water水 honey蜂蜜 news新闻 sugar糖 advice建议 work工作 weather天气 time时间 fun乐趣 air空气 paper纸 cheese奶酪 jam果酱 pepper胡椒粉 butter黄油 silver银 glass玻璃 stone石头 homework作业 (2)不可数名词的量化表达 不可数名词计数的方法： ①可用“数词/冠词+表示量的可数名词+of+不可数名词”来表达。计量名词单复数形式随前面的数词或冠词而变，若数词≥2时，表示量的可数名词用复数。如：a glass of milk→杯牛奶，two cups of tea两杯茶。 (3)不可数名词的转化 ①在表达个体种类、份数、种类等具体概念时可转化为可数名词，如：rain (雨)→a rain (一场雨)、fruit(水果)→fruits(各种水果)、glass (玻璃)→a glass (一个玻璃杯)等。 ②有些抽象名词表示具体的事物时，可以用作可数名词。如：surprise令人惊奇的事、a pleasure一件快乐的事。 ③ 某些物质名词变为复数形式表达特殊含义。如：water（水）→waters（水域）、sand沙子→sands沙滩。 ④在一些固定词组中，抽象名词可用作可数名词。如：have a good time 过得愉快、have a rest休息。 易错警示： ①不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 例如：Coffee is popular among office worker. 咖啡在办公室工作人员中很流行。 ②有些以s结尾的名词并不是名词的复数形式。常见的有maths(数学)、physics(物理学)、economics(经济学)等。 例如：Mathematics is a challenging but fascinating subject. 数学是一门具有挑战性但又迷人的学科。 3.名词数的双重性 有些名词既可作不可数名词，又可以作可数名词，词义上有差别。 名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数 orange 橙子 橙汁 fish 鱼 鱼肉 work 作品、著作 工作 experience 经历 经验 chicken 鸡 鸡肉 light 电灯 光 exercise 训练活动、练习 锻炼 wood 树林 木材 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 time 次数 时间 room 房间 空间 success 成功的人（或事物） 成功 life 活力 传记 paper 纸 论文 4.名词前的修饰语 (1)数量词修饰语 数量词修饰语置于名词之前，用来说明名词数或者量的多少、大小等。 ①只修饰可数名词： 词语 含义 词义 含义 a great/good many 很多 quite a few 相当多的 a (large) number of 若干；大量的 a few 几个 several 几个 many 很多 numbers of 很多 few 很少，几个； 几乎没有 ②只修饰不可数名词： 词语 含义 词义 含义 little 很少；几乎没有 a little 一点 a good/ great deal of 很多 a large/small amount of 大量的/少量的 a bit of 一点 much 很多 ③既可修饰可数名词复数又可修饰不可数名词： 词语 含义 词义 含义 some 一些 a lot of/lots of 很多 a(large)quantity of 许多；大量 plenty of 大量的 (large)quantities of 大多数的 the rest of 剩下的 any 一些；任何 no 没有 (2)单位词修饰语 单位词修饰语主要用一些表示单位的词来描述名词的度量、容积、形 状、集体、部分等。 类别 示例 普通单位词：英语中搭配能力最强、最常用的单位词有piece、article、bit等。这些词构成a piece of、an article of、a bit of等短语，修饰不可数名词。 a piece of bread 一块面包 bit of milk一点儿牛奶 度量单位词：度量单位词常用的有metre、inch、yard、pound、kilogram、(kilo)、ton、foot等。 a kilo of bananas 一公斤香蕉 a pound of meat 一磅肉 容积单位词：主要有 box、bag、basket、bottle、cup、glass 等。一般情况下，表示容积的单位词既可修饰可数名词复数，也可修饰不可数名词。 a bag of apples 一袋苹果 a bottle of wine 一瓶葡萄酒 a cup of tea 一杯茶 a basket of eggs 一篮鸡蛋 温馨提示: 单位词修饰名词时，谓语动词的数与单位词的数保持一致。 A pair of gloves is on the desk. 一副眼镜在书桌上。 Two pairs of glasses are in the box.盒子里有两幅手套。 Three bottles of milk are on the table.桌子上有三瓶牛奶。 ★知识点4 名词所有格 1.-'s所有格 (1)-’s所有格的构成 构成 示例 一般情况下在名词词尾加-'s Eric's car埃里克的汽车 the dog's tail狗的尾巴 Jack's bedroom杰克的卧室 Bill's school比尔的学校 Philip's father菲利普的爸爸 George's friend乔治的朋友 以s或es结尾，直接在其后加-’ the boys' mother男孩的母亲 my friends' hometown我朋友们的家乡 不以s结尾，直接在其后加-'s the children's spare time孩子们的业余时间 Children's Day儿童节 合成名词在词尾加-'s a grown-up's problem一个成年人的问题 that woman doctor's son那位女医生的儿子 易错警示： 以-s结尾的人名 的所有格的构成是在其后加“'”或“’s”,如James'或James's。 (2)-'s所有格的用法 用法 示例 用于表示人或动物等有生命的名词的所属关系，意为“……的”，复数形式为-s' Mike's bike Mike 的自行车 the patient's life患者的生命 由and连接的两个或多个名词，表示几个人共同拥有时，只将最后一个名词变为所有格；如果为各自所有，则每个名词都要变为所有格形式 Mary and Lily's room Mary和Lily的房间(两人共有) Mary’s and Lily's room Mary的房间的房间和Lily的房间(两人分别拥有) 用于表示时间、距离、度量衡、价值等的名词之后 today's newspaper今天的报纸 three days' holiday三天的假期 用于表示国家、城镇等的名词之后 zoo's entrance 动物园的入口 city's museum城市的博物馆 用于表示不同的节日 Mothers' Day母亲节 New Year's Day元旦 Father's Day 父亲节 用于表示诊所、店铺、医院、住宅、学校等时，名词所有格后常常省略它所修饰的名词 at the doctor's (office)在诊所 at the teacher's (office)在老师办公室 at Jim's (home)在吉姆家 有时为了避免重复，可以单独使用-'s所有格，在句子中相当于名词。 My room is bigger than sherry's (room). 我的房间比sherry的(房间)大。 含有else的-s’所有格中，else用于复合不定代词、疑问代词之后，其所有格形式要用else's形式。 The dictionary is not mine.It is someone else's. 这本书不是我的，是别人的。 易错警示: a two days' trip=a two-day trip(为期两天的旅行)，当有连字符时共用所有格，且day用单数。 2.of 所有格 “名词+of+名词”构成of所有格。其主要用法如下： 用法 示例 一般表示无生命名词的所有关系 a symbol of good luck好运的象征 the window of the house房子的窗户 表示名词化的形容词的所有关系 the life of the old老年人的生活 表示的有生命的名词的所属关系 the advice of my friends我朋友们的建议 the name of the girl那个女孩的名字 知识拓展: -'s所有格与of所有格的互换 有生命的名词-'s所有格和of所有格可以互换。 the girl's name=the name of the girl 那个女孩的名字 口诀助记： 名词所有格，表某物是“谁的”。 若为生命词，加“-’s”即可。 词尾有s,仅把撇号“’”加。 并列名词后，各自和共有。 各自分别加，共有最后加。 若为无生命，常把of加。 3.双重所有格 “名词+of+-'s所有格/名词性物主代词"构成双重所有格。当所属的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常用双重所有格的形式表示所属关系。主要用法如下: 用法 示例 带有-'s所有格的名词是明确限定的指人的名词 a daughter of Tom's汤姆的一个女儿 a friend of George's 乔治的一个朋友 a pupil of Miss Smith's 史密斯小姐的一名学生 带有赞赏、厌恶、不满等感情色彩，被双重所有格修饰的名词前常有指示代词this/that/ these/ those This idea of my brother's is really creative. 我哥哥的这个想法真是太有创意了。 These mistakes of your sister's are really annoying. 你姐姐的这些错误真让人恼火。 This dish of my mom's is truly delicious. 我妈妈做的这道菜实在太好吃了。 of前的名词是picture photo等时,用of所有格和双重所有格在意义上有区别 a picture of John's (表示这张照片属于John ) a picture of Lily’s (表示照片上的人是Lily )  a picture of Professor Wang's（王教授的照片） 03·题型通关·靶向突破 考点一 题型破解 ★考点1 名词词义辨析 一、命题特点： 1.结合语境考查：通常将名词放在特定的语境中，考生要根据上下文的逻辑和语义来选择正确答案。 2.涵盖多种话题：题目包括日常生活、学校、家庭、旅游、文化、科技等方面。 3.考查近义词、易混词：着重考查近义词、形似词或易混名词。 二、考查题型： 1. . 单项选择 2.完形填空 ★考点2 名词单复数 一、命题特点： 常着重考查名词单复数的基本变化规则，在实际语境中考查名词单复数，场景来源于学生的日常生活、学习、社交、科技等方面。重点考查名词单复数特殊变化，例如：不规则名词的复数形式、复合名词的复数变化、以 -f/fe 结尾的名词变复数等。 二、考查题型：1.单项选择、完形填空 2.单句填空、语篇填空 ★考点3 名词所有格 一、命题特点： （一）考查基础规则的运用 1. 对于一般单数名词，在词尾加 's 来表示所属关系。比如“Tom's pencil”。 2.以 -s 结尾的复数名词，只需在-s后加'构成所有格。比如“teachers' office”。 3.不规则复数名词如“men”、“women”等，其所有格是在词尾加's 。例如children's books。 4.判断是共同拥有还是各自拥有。例如“Andy and Mary's room”两人共同拥有一个房间，“Andy's and Mary's rooms” 表示两人各自拥有自己的房间。 5.名词所有格放在具体语境中，要求学生根据上下文语义来确定使用的所有格。 二、常考题型：单句填空、语篇填空 （二）结合语境进行考查 命题会将考点放在具体的语境中，要求学生根据上下文来选择合适的所有格形式。 ★考点4名词的词性转换 一、命题特点： 1.考查角度 动词/形容词转换为名词：比如：act行动→action行动；行为、invent发明→invention发明物等。 2.在句子或语篇语境之考查名词词性转换。要求学生理解上下文的语义和逻辑关系判断正确的名词形式。 3.动词和形容词转化为名词的规则，如加后缀 -tion、-ment、 -ance、-ness 等。 4.语篇填空考需要理解整个语篇的主旨和逻辑，结合名词的单复数、所属关系、结合语法规则判断。 二、常考题型：单句填空、语篇填空 考点二 解题要点 ★考点1 名词词义辨析 一、解题技巧 Step 1：判断词性与词义 词汇未给出（方框选词）：根据语法知识判断空处所缺词的词性，推测词义，结合备选词选出符合语境的单词；词境+语词汇或词义已给出，直接根据Step 2：判断词形。 Step 2：判断词形 根据语境和语法知识判断空处应用的名词形式。 二、典型例题 Learning English in a classroom is important, while using English in real ________ will improve your English skills greatly. A．situations B．events C．positions 【答案】A 【解析】句意：在教室里学习英语很重要，然而在真实情景中使用英语会大大提高你的英语技能。考查名词辨析。situations情况；events事件；positions位置。根据“using English in real...will improve your English skills greatly.”和选项可知，此处指在真实情景中使用英语。故选A。 ★考点2 名词单复数 一、解题技巧 步骤1：做名词单复数与词义辨析类题目时，先分析题干，根据语境并结合相应语法，推测空处所缺单词的含义。 步骤2：分析选项，将选项分别代入题干，选择最佳答案。 二、典型例题 （2025·四川成都·一模）—How did you fix up the old clock, Jack? —It's easy. I just followed the_____online. A. instructions B. rules C. instruments 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——杰克，你是怎么修好那只旧钟的？——很简单。我只是按照网上的操作指南做的。考查名词辨析。instructions操作指南;rules规则;instruments乐器。根据“How did you fix up the old clock”及"I just followed the...”可知是照着操作指南来修理的。故选A。 ★考点3 名词所有格 一、解题技巧 Step 1：根据语境确定空格和空格后面是否存在所属关系。如果存在所属关系，去顶考查的是所有格。 Step 2；根据语境或语法知识判断名词的数，得出正确所有格的形式。 二、典型例题 While your parents want you to be an artist, ________ hope I become a musician. A．Jim’s B．his C．mine 【答案】C 【解析】句意：你的父母希望你成为一名艺术家，而我的父母希望我成为一名音乐家。考查名词性物主代词用法辨析。Jim’s吉姆的；his他的；mime我的。Jim’s为名词所有格，后需接名词，hope为实义动词，A选项与题意不符；his既为形容词性物主代词也为名词性物主代词，为形容词物主代词时，后需跟名词；为名词性物主代词时，含义与题意不符；mine为名词性物主代词，在此句中相当于相当于my parents，且位于题中语义通顺。故选C。 ★考点4名词的词性转换 一、转换规则： 1.名词转成动词：hand手→hand表示递、交。 2.转成形容词：wood木头→wooden木制的 。 3.动词转成名词： （1）加后缀 -tion / -sion：例如educate教育→education教育；教育学。、 （2） 加后缀 -ment：例如develop发展→development发展。 （3）加后缀 -er / -or：例如teach教→teacher教师）。 （4）加后缀 -ness：例如 happy→happiness幸福；快乐。 （5）加后缀 -ity：部分形容词加 -ity 变成名词。比如real真实的→reality现实。 二、解题技巧： Step 1：判断词性与词义 词汇未给出（方框选词）：根据语法知识判断空处所缺词的词性，推测词义，结合备选词选出符合语境的单词；词境+语词汇或词义已给出，直接根据Step 2：判断词形。 Step 2 判断词形 根据语境和语法知识判断空处应用的名词形式。 三、典型例题 用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空，每空一词。 The ______ (develop) of technology has made our lives more convenient. 【答案】development 【解析】develop是动词，意为 “发展”，这“the development of...” 表示 “……的发展”，所以将 develop 变为名词development。 04·优提精选·练能提分 一、单项选择 （一）名词辨析 【难度】0.85 1．（2025·四川成都·模拟预测）The happiest people give themselves a sense of ________ and know what is meaningful. A．purpose B．safety C．fear 2．（2025·四川成都·模拟预测）Mom has a great sense of _________. She leads and we follow each time we go on the city walk. A．safety B．belonging C．direction 3．（2025·四川成都·模拟预测）Expo 2024 Chengdu was a great ________. Millions of visitors, from home and abroad, entered and enjoyed the gardening art. A．success B．pity C．praise 4．（2025·四川成都·一模）Meng Er Dai, the baby panda in Guangzhou, has quickly increased its ________ which reached 1.23 kg within a month, showing good health and growth. A．weight B．height C．popularity 5．（2025·四川成都·一模）There’s no ________ in getting wisdom from mistakes, because failure is the mother of success. A．reason B．shame C．use 6．（2024·四川成都·二模）—What a nice arm-chair! How did you put all the pieces together? —It’s easy. I just followed the ________. A．instructions B．interviews C．instruments 7．（2022·四川成都·二模）—I know little about the development of 5G. —Surf the Internet, and you will get much _________ about it. A．information B．message C．suggestion 【难度】0.65 1.（2025·四川成都·二模）There are many ______ on the Internet. Don’t believe them easily, or you may get into trouble. A．faults B．blocks C．hoaxes 2．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）—________ are easily made, but not easily kept. —That’s true. Once you make one, be sure to keep it. A．Suggestions B．Decisions C．Promises 3．（2024·四川成都·二模）—What places of interest are there in Chengdu? —Jinli can be a good choice. Enjoying typical Sichuan food there is a wonderful ________. A．movement B．experience C．research 4．（2024·四川成都·二模）There are many ________ on the telephone. Don’t believe them, or you’ll get into trouble. A．hoaxes B．blocks C．faults 5．—I am hungry (饥饿的). Do you have something to eat? —Here’s some ________. A．bread B．strawberries C．milk （二）单词单词单复数 【难度】0.85 1．（2025·云南昭通·模拟预测改编）The new high-speed train CR450 can run at a speed of 400 ________ per hour. A．kilometer B．kilometers C．kilometers’ 2．—What do you want to buy for her? —Gifts like flowers, chocolate cake, and ________. A．books B．book C．the books 3.（2025·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）—Why are you so happy? —I met two ________ and four ________ when I was in Harbin. And I had a conversation with them. A．German; Japanese B．Germen; Japanese C．Germans; Japanese 4．（2025·云南昭通·模拟预测改编）Mr. Li gives us many good ________ on how to protect the environment. A．an advice B．pieces of advices C．pieces of advice 5．（2025·甘肃·模拟预测改编）—Are all the students in your school from ________? —No. Only a small number of them ________. A．Germany; are Germans B．Germany; are Germen C．German; is Germany 6.（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）—It’s said that the two ________doctors have just come back from Shanghai. —Yeah. I know them. They are both already in their ________. A．woman; forty B．women; fortieth C．women; forties D．woman; forties 7．（2024·黑龙江双鸭山·二模）—How many Chinese ________ have been sent up into space so far? —Two. They are Wang Yaping and Liu Yang. A．women astronauts B．woman astronauts C．women astronaut 【难度】0.65 1．（2025·甘肃张掖·二模改编）These ________ have saved many children’s lives. A．woman doctors B．womans’ doctors C．women doctors 2．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）The new bridge which is about ________ long will give us better and faster public transportation. A．5.2 kilometers B．5.2-kilometer C．5.2 kilometers’ 3．（2025·上海青浦·二模）The farmer raised many ________ and sold them at the market to make a living. A．sheep B．horse C．cow 4．（2025·陕西西安·二模改编）I live a healthy life. I often have ________ and ________ for lunch. A．fish; eggs B．fishes; egg C．chickens; carrots D．chicken; carrot 5．（2025·黑龙江绥化·三模）—It’s said that the two ________ doctors have just come back from the US. —Yeah, I know them. They are both already in their ________. A．women; sixties B．women; sixtieth C．woman; sixty 6．Perhaps there won’t be ________ for everybody in thirty years’ time. A．enough room B．enough rooms C．rooms enough 7．There are many ________ between British English and American English. They are ________ expressions, spelling and pronunciation. A．difference; different from B．differences; different from C．differences; different in 8．They are thirsty. Will you please give them ________? A．some bottles of waters B．some bottles of water C．some bottle of water （三）名词所有格 【难度】0.65 1．（24-25九年级上·四川成都·期中）It’s not far from here and it’s just a _________. A．6 minutes’ ride B．6-minute-ride C．6-minute ride 2．（24-25七年级上·四川成都·期中）—A beautiful farm! —It’s my ________. And he has many animals on the farm. A．uncle’s B．uncles C．uncles’ 3．Look at our ________ car. It’s very nice. Mom and dad like it very much. A．parent’s B．parents’ C．parents’s 4．—Look! Sam in this photo is laughing so happily. —Yes, I really like this ________. A．photo of he B．photo of him C．photo of his 5. —Do you know the boy_____is reading a book? Certainly. He is a friend of________. A. who; my sister's B. who; my sister C. whose; my sister 二、单词拼写 【难度】0.85 1．（2025·四川成都·模拟预测）Do you want to know about d ? If you do, you can go to Zi Gong for a visit. There’s a museum about the huge animal. 2．（2025·四川内江·模拟预测）After Rong chang became popular during May Day 2025, t______from all over the country flocked (聚集) there to experience its unique charm. 3.（2025·四川成都·模拟预测）We all believe that a one-thousand-mile journey always starts with the very first s . 4.（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）We are very proud of the great_______(achieve) that we have made in the space industry in the past years. 5.The environment problem is becoming more and more serious because of the p . 6.（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）With the development of science, more kinds of______(robot) will appear in our families in the future. 7. There are 105 teachers in our school and one third of them are_______.（男教师） 8. We’ll have a school trip in D , the last month of a year (年). 9.（2025·四川成都·模拟预测）China's Bei Dou system develops quickly and it has played an important role in many f_______of modern life. 10. This store with the perfect service has won many c__________hearts since the opening. 【难度】0.65 1．（2025·四川成都·模拟预测）Although there were d between great thinkers Socrates in ancient Greece and Confucius in ancient China, we can still find they had a lot in common. 2．The Chengdu Plain belongs to the country's double-planting area. This means wheat(小麦) and rice are planted in the same f________. 3. （2024·四川成都·二模）The light reflects in all different d so we can see what our teachers write on the blackboard on each seat. 4.（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）As an important part of the Spring Festival, this year's Gala celebrated not only China's rich traditions but also modern______(achieve). 5.（2025·安微合肥·二模）It is known that Li Bai and other p________(诗人) have left many great poems to us. 6．（2025·四川成都·中考真题）Because of the archaeological (考古的) efforts over recent years, a lot of a have been made in the study of China’s history. 7．（2024·四川成都·二模）The d of ancient objects while digging can tell us a lot about the history. 8. It is known to us all that the first month of the year is J . 9．He doesn’t believe in the (exist) of ghosts. But he respects those who believe in it. 10.（2024·四川成都·一模）How life began on earth is one of the greatest m of science and scientists will try their best to find the answer. 11. It is very convenient for_______(a person who rides in a car,bus,train,etc.but does not drive it) to use e-tickets when they are taking high-speed train. 12.The pop star’s team spent a lot of time dealing with her gifts after the concert. (admire) 13. Compared with other_______(music), his works seem to be touching as well as inspiring. 14. My father's letter reminds me of the_______(温暖) of family and encourages me to go back home as soon as possible. 15. Taikonauts are role models for young people and many are big fans of________.(they) 【难度】0.4 1．（2024·四川成都·二模）Bamboo has many a over other materials, so it is widely used in many fields, like building houses, making furniture… 2.（2025·四川成都·模拟预测）China Travel has become more and more f new choice and they’ve enjoyed it. 3. The_______(the outside or part of something) of the lake is quiet because there is no wind. 三、补全单词 （2025·四川成都·模拟预测）在空格中填上适当的单词，使对话完整正确。一空一词（含缩写词）。 A: Hey, Li Ming. Did you hear about the The 15 China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition latest China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition in Zhuhai?It was held successfully! B: Yeah, how can I miss such an event? Some of the latest Chinese planes and space technologies were shown, quite surprising/amazing the world. A: Yeah! What do you think is the most important thing behind all these great achievements ? B: I think it’s the 1 of the scientists and researchers. Without them,these wonderful space products would just be 2 . A: That’s true. For example, the J-35A stealth fighter (歼-35A) marks an important step for China to catch the US in military (军事) power. I feel so proud after seeing some of the planes. And I feel even safer , thinking of all those powerful planes can protect us. B: So do I. With those planes, other countries will have to think twice before getting their planes over China, not to mention (更不用说) hurting any Chinese without considering the 3 . A: That’s right. Anyway, what planes from other countries interested/attracted you? After all, this was an international event. B: I think it’s China’s newest space products that shone the most. A: I think so. Now I’m expecting more progress China will make.【难度】0.4 B: Me, too. 【答案】 1．result/results 2．interested/attracted 3．expecting 【解析】本文介绍了中国国际航空航天展览会的成功举办，以及展览会上展示的最新飞机和航天技术，强调了科学家和研究人员的努力，并表达了对中国未来发展的期待。 1．句意：我认为是科学家和研究人员的努力。根据“of the scientists and researchers.”及语境可知，这些都是科学家和研究人员的“努力”，此处名词用复数形式，故填efforts。 2．句意：没有他们，这些奇妙的航天产品就只是梦想。根据“Without them, these wonderful space products would just be ”可知，没有这些科学家的努力，就造不出这么惊艳的产品，没有如此惊艳世界的产品，也就成为了“梦想”，此处用名词，故填dreams。 3．句意：有了这些飞机，其他国家在将飞机飞越中国之前必须三思，更不用说在考虑后果之前伤害任何中国人。根据“...hurting any Chinese without considering”可知，此处指的是不考虑“后果”，此处用名词，可用单数形式也可以用复数形式，故填result/results。 四、短文填空 （一） （2025·山东日照·中考真题改编）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Zara Lachlan is 21 years old and from the UK. She set off from Portugal in a rowing boat on October 27. She would be rowing across the Atlantic Ocean with no one else to help her. Zara faced many 1 (challenge) along the way. Big waves turned her boat over. She hurt her arm, cut her leg, and broke a finger. At one point, she was nearly run over by a large ship. When she was crossing through the Canary Islands, Zara ran into a big storm. And it kept her boat off course for some time. However, Zara was so strong-willed that she decided not to give up. Her goal was to be the youngest person to row across the Atlantic.【难度】0.85 【答案】1．challenges 【解析】本文讲述了21岁的英国女孩Zara Lachlan独自划船穿越大西洋的经历，她克服了重重困难，最终成功抵达目的地，实现了自己的目标。 1．句意：Zara一路上面临着许多挑战。根据“many”可知，此处应用名词复数形式，“challenge”的复数形式是“challenges”。故填challenges。 （二） Complete the passage according to the lessons you learned. The first letter of the word is given. (10 scores) 填单词，补全短文，单词的首字母已给出。 The communication skill is of great importance to us. When you travel abroad, it is important to know how to ask for help politely. Take “Where are... ” and “Could you please... ” as an example, these are similar r 1 , but the first one doesn’t sound proper. Communication matters in our own growth as well. Li Wen, a left-behind child who was often absent/absent from school before, but now he studies harder than ever. Because of a long and heart-to-heart talk with his parents, he understood their love. The talk was exactly what he needed and helped him grow up better. But do you know that communication is also at the heart of cultural traditions, such as serving tea as a sign of respect. Let’s get into the world of Chinese tea culture. As we all know, tea plants are mostly grown/grown on mountainsides. After the leaves are picked, they are sent for processing. Then the packed tea products will be sold worldwide. It’s because tea is good for both health and b 2 . Serving tea is a silent way to communicate, so are other traditional arts. For example, sky lanterns were first used to ask for help. But today at festivals, sky lanterns usually light up the night. They are made of bamboo and are covered/covered with paper. When lanterns are lit, they slowly rise up into the air like hot-air balloons. That’s why they stand for happiness and good wishes.【难度】0.65 【答案】1．requests/equests 2．business/usiness 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，从沟通技巧的重要性切入，以实例说明礼貌请求与亲子沟通的作用，并延伸至中国茶艺、孔明灯等传统文化中的沟通智慧，展现沟通在个人成长与文化传承中的核心价值。 1．句意：以“Where are...”和 “Could you please... ”为例，这些都是类似的请求，但第一个听起来不太合适。根据前文列举的两个句式，结合首字母“r”，可知此处指“请求”，“request”为可数名词，由“these”可知用复数形式“requests”。故填requests。 2．句意：这是因为茶叶对健康和商业都有好处。根据“the packed tea products will be sold worldwide”及首字母“b”，茶叶销往全球体现其“商业价值”，business“商业”符合语义。故填business。 （三） （中考模拟改编）China is a country full of treasure and wisdom. We love Mid-Autumn festival. The most touching story—Chang’e flies up to the moon—is well-known to all. After shooting down the nine suns, Hou Yi was given magic m 1 by a goddess. However, his wife Chang’e took it all and flew up to the moon because Pang Meng wanted to steal it. Nowadays, people share mooncakes with their families under the moon to celebrate this festival. According to Chinese history, the ancient people sent sky l 2 made of bamboo and paper to ask for help when they were in trouble. How wise they were! Today, these small hot-air balloons are seen as bright s 3 of happiness and good wishes. Of course, not only China, but also Britain is full of talented writers. Taking Charles Dickens as an example, he showed people the true meaning of Christmas in his book A Christmas Carol. In Scrooge’s dream, three g 4 visited him. The first one reminded him of his happy childhood. The second one took him to see how others were spending Christmas h 5 . The last one let him see his miserable (可怜的) future after his d 6 . Luckily, he found it was only a dream. He totally changed after he woke up. He became a kind and warm-hearted person in the end.【难度】0.65 【答案】1．(m)edicine 2．(l)anterns 3．(s)ymbols 4．(g)hosts 5．(h)oliday 6．(d)eath 【解析】本文描述了两个不同国家的文化故事。 1．句意：击落九个太阳后，后羿得到了女神的灵丹妙药。根据“by a goddess”可知是指得到了女神的灵丹妙药。medicine“药”，不可数名词。故填(m)edicine。 2．句意：根据中国历史，古代人们遇到困难时会用竹子和纸制成的天灯来寻求帮助。根据“made of bamboo and paper to ask for help”可知是指用竹子和纸制成的天灯来寻求帮助。sky lanterns“天灯”，复数表泛指。故填(l)anterns。 3．句意：如今，这些小型热气球被视为幸福和美好祝愿的鲜明象征。根据“happiness and good wishes”可知是指幸福和美好祝愿的鲜明象征。symbol“象征”，此处需用复数形式表泛指，故填(s)ymbols。 4．句意：在斯克鲁奇的梦中，有三个鬼魂拜访了他。根据“In Scrooge’s dream”可知是指有三个鬼魂拜访了他。three后接名词复数ghosts“鬼”，故填(g)hosts。 5．句意：第二个鬼魂带他去看其他人是如何度过圣诞节的。根据“others were spending Christmas”可知是指其他人是如何度过圣诞节的。Christmas holiday“圣诞假日”，故填(h)oliday。 6．句意：最后一个鬼魂让他看到了自己死后悲惨的未来。根据“The last one let him see his miserable (可怜的) future”可知是死后悲惨的未来。death“死亡”，故填(d)eath。 （四） （2025·四川南充·二模改编）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案写在答题卡相应的横线上。 Common people also ordered takeout. The owners of restaurants got their waiters to go out into the streets and ask loudly which dishes could be sent hat day. People could then place an order. Delivery (快递) 1 (work) would bring food to their homes later. In the famous Song Dynasty painting Along the River During the Qingming Festival (《清明上河图》), a takeout worker is doing delivery work. We can easily see the man walking 2 with food in his hand in a hurry. People at that time even had boxes for takeout dishes. However, they weren’t like normal boxes. They were long 2 (wood) boxes with several layers (层). People also used plates made of two layers of porcelain (瓷). Hot water could be put between the first layer and the second. In this way, they could keep the dishes warm. 【难度】0.65 【答案】1．workers 2．wooden 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了外卖在宋代就已经存在，并详细描述了当时的外卖服务方式和盛放外卖的器具。 1．句意：快递员随后会把食物送到他们家。空格前有名词Delivery作定语，需填名词作主语，根据谓语动词“would bring”判断主语应为复数（宋代外卖是群体职业）。故填workers。 2．句意：它们是长形的多层木盒。空格前有形容词long，后接名词boxes，需要形容词修饰。wood的形容词形式wooden表示“木制的”。故填wooden。 （五） （2025·四川巴中·中考真题改编）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词，并将答案写到答题卡上相应的位置。 There are some main 1 of this irrigation system. The first is a levee (防洪堤) named Yuzui. It stood in the middle of the river to control the amount of water that entered the two channels (渠道). The second part is a channel that was cut through a mountain by means of heating the rock and then pouring water on it. The narrow opening of the irrigation system controlled the amount of water entering the system. It is called Baopingkou. It is said that the 20-meter-wide channel required 8 years to finish. The third/last part is a spillway called Feishayan that was dug to discharge water and silt.【难度】0.15 【答案】1．parts 【解析】本文介绍了都江堰灌溉工程，包括其地理位置、建造时间、建造目的、历史背景、工程效益，以及该灌溉系统的主要组成部分及其功能。 1．句意：这个灌溉系统有一些主要的部分。根据下文介绍的都江堰的组成部分可知，此处指这个灌溉系统有一些主要的部分，应用名词part“部分”的复数形式parts。故填parts。 五、完形填空 （一） （2025·四川成都·模拟预测改编）A study has drawn people’s attention recently. It shows that 87% of Chinese businesses will increase their spending on AI in 2025. It also says that 58% of Chinese business 1 feel their companies’ AI technology is developing faster than they expected. The study surveyed 790 managers and 687 employees (雇员) from 22 industries across the Asia-Pacific area. The top three 2 where companies plan to use AI in 2025 are information technology, engineering and manufacturing (制造业), and research and development. The study also finds 77% of Chinese employees believe AI will greatly influence their jobs. About 85% of employees are already using AI at work, with 63% having used it for more than a year. It’s believed that China’s AI technology will make big 3 in the future.【难度】0.85 1．A．patterns B．centers C．leaders 2．A．ways B．reasons C．fields 3．A．progress B．money C．trouble 【答案】 1．C 2．C 3．A 【解析】本文主要介绍了中国企业在人工智能领域的投资趋势及对AI技术发展的看法。 1．句意：该报告还表示，58%的中国商业领导者认为他们公司的人工智能技术发展速度比他们预期的要快。patterns模式；centers中心；leaders领导者。根据“It also says that 58% of Chinese business... feel their companies’ AI technology is developing faster than they expected.”可知，此处指的是中国企业的管理者或负责人。故选C。 2．句意：企业计划在2025年使用人工智能的前三大领域是信息技术、工程制造和研发。ways方法；reasons理由；fields领域。根据“information technology, engineering and manufacturing (制造业), and research and development.”可知，此处指的是企业计划应用AI的领域或行业。故选C。 3．句意：人们相信，中国的人工智能技术将在未来取得巨大进步。progress进步；money金钱；trouble麻烦。根据“It’s believed that China’s AI technology will make big... in the future.”可知，此处指指的是AI技术将在未来取得重大进展。故选A。 （二） （2025·云南昆明·三模改编）从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并将所选答案涂到答题卡的相应位置上。 Zengzi, also called Zeng Shen, became a good student of Confucius when he was 16. Early one morning, Zengzi’s wife left for the market. Her little 31 wanted to go with her. But he was too young and the market was too far. Then she cheated (欺骗) her son and said, “I will soon be back. You stay at home and wait for me.If you do as I say, I will kill a pig and make a nice dish for you.” The child went back to the house happily.【难度】0.65 1．A．son B．daughter C．brother D．sister 【答案】1．A 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了曾子的故事——杀猪教子，告诉我们要言而有信，作为父母要以身作则，为孩子树立诚信的榜样。 1．句意：她的小儿子想要和她一起去（市场）。son儿子；daughter女儿；brother兄弟；sister姐妹。根据“Then she cheated (欺骗) her son”可知，说的是儿子。故选A。 （三） （2025·四川成都·模拟预测改编）Legend (传说) has it that the sky was mended by Nüwa. After that, the 1 of humans increased greatly. They couldn’t find enough food in fields to feed themselves. Fuxi was helpful, so he showed humans how to catch fish with hands. However, that was a terrible thing for the Dragon King, who ruled the oceans and rivers. He worried that if humans continued fishing, he would soon have no one to rule over. A tortoise (龟), the Dragon King’s prime minister, advised him to tell Fuxi that humans mustn’t fish in his rivers using their hands. The 2 just put humans at risk of getting hungry. Fuxi spent several days thinking of ways to solve the problem. One day, while sitting under a tree, Fuxi saw a spider weaving a web. Suddenly, he came up with an idea. He made a huge net with ropes made from wild reeds and threw it into the river. To his surprise, it was successful. He caught lots of fish with the net. He excitedly showed humans his new 3 . When the Dragon King learned what Fuxi had done, he got angry. The tortoise tried to climb onto the Dragon King’s shoulders to offer some calming words, but the Dragon King slapped him down into an ink (墨水) bowl. 难度0.65 1．A．mystery B．power C．population 2．A．fact B．magic C．rule 3．A．world B．task C．invention 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．C 【解析】本文讲述了女娲补天后，人类数量剧增导致食物匮乏。伏羲教人徒手捕鱼，引发统治水域的龙王不满。龙王派龟丞相传令禁捕，伏羲受蜘蛛结网启发，以芦苇编网成功捕鱼，激怒龙王。故事展现了智慧与自然力量的博弈。 1．句意：在那之后，人类的人口数量大幅增长。 mystery奥秘；power力量；population人口。根据“After that, the...of humans increased greatly. They couldn’t find enough food...”可知，人口增长导致食物短缺，故选C。 2．句意：这条规定让人类面临挨饿的风险。 fact事实；magic魔法；rule规定。 根据“humans mustn’t fish in his rivers using their hands.”可知，前文提到龙王禁止捕鱼，此处指他的“规定”，故选C。 3．句意：他兴奋地向人类展示他的新发明。 world世界；task任务；invention发明。根据“He made a huge net with ropes made from wild reeds”可知，渔网是伏羲的创新工具，故选C。 （四） （2025·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·三模改编）阅读短文，从短文后各题所给的三个选项（A、B和C）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 “Spring Festival” here refers not to the Chinese New Year’s starting date, but to the cultural practices kept by Chinese communities during this 12 . This tradition includes house-cleaning (da sao chu) before New Year’s Eve, wearing new clothes, and decorating homes with red items. Festival activities like the family reunion dinner and giving red packets with lucky money connect family better and share happy moments. In recent years, the Spring Festival has become a joyful event for the world. Several lively and fun traditions rooted in the Chinese culture have grown on people outside China. For example, the dragon and lion dances, which are believed to scare away bad luck and bring best wishes, have attracted people in many different countries. The 2 that the festival shows are accepted by many countries. More and more people are showing growing interest in exploring cultural heritage crafts such as paper-cutting and zodiac (生肖) animal stories like the Loong or snake.【难度0.65】 1．A．period B．year C．stage 2．A．benefits B．interests C．values 【答案】1．A 2．C 【解析】本文主要讲述了春节被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录的重要意义和影响。 1．句意：这里的“春节”不是指中国新年的开始日期，而是指中国社区在此期间保留的文化习俗。 period时期；year年；stage舞台。根据“during this...”可知，是指在春节期间。故选A。 take off脱下；put out扑灭；scare away吓跑。根据“bad luck”可知，是吓跑厄运。故选C。 2．句意：这个节日所展现的价值观被许多国家所接受。 benefits好处；interests兴趣；values价值。根据“the Spring Festival has become a joyful event for the world”可知，春节展现出来的价值观得到了许多国家的认可。故选C。 （五） （2025·四川成都·二模改编）2025 is a Wood Snake Year. The snake is common in Chinese fairy tales. How many of the following 1 do you know? Xiushe Do you know the Chinese saying, “A man who’s never satisfied is like a snake trying to swallow (吞) an elephant”? It comes from a story about Xiushe. Xiushe is a large 2 that is hundreds of meters long. According to Shanhaijing, Xiushe once swallowed an elephant. It took the snake three years to spit out all the bones (吐出骨头)! Huashe Huashe has the face of a man, the body of a jackal (豺), two 3 of a bird and the tail of a snake. It moves like a snake and cries like a baby. When it cries, a great flood (洪水) follows. In one story, a farmer followed the sound of a baby crying and found a snake-shaped monster. Three days later, more than 850 nearby villages were flooded.【难度】0.65 1．A．years B．materials C．kinds 2．A．elephant B．person C．snake 3．A．heads B．wings C．mouths 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 【解析】本文主要介绍了中国神话中两种与蛇相关的神秘生物：修蛇和化蛇，分别讲述了它们的故事和特点。 1．句意：以下几种你知道多少？years年；materials材料；kinds种类。下文介绍了修蛇和化蛇这两种蛇，此处说的是种类。故选C。 2．句意：修蛇是一条长达数百米的大蛇。elephant大象；person人；snake蛇。根据“It comes from a story about Xiushe.”“Xiushe”可知，修蛇是一条大蛇。故选C。 3．句意：化蛇有男人的脸，豺狼的身体，鸟的两翼和蛇的尾巴。heads头；wings翅膀；mouths嘴。根据“of a bird”可知，指鸟的两翼。故选B。 （六） （中考模拟题改编）The purpose of the Great Wall was to defend (防御) 1 . According to records, the first wall was built 2,500 years ago. Four different walls started going up as early as 700 BC． About 500 years later, the fifth emperor got tired of fighting with the northern people. He wanted to connect the four different walls together. Then he ordered thousands of people to build the wall. Then, 1,500 years after that, another emperor wanted to make the wall even stronger. So he began the third construction (建设) of the Great Wall. The wall got longer and watch-towers were added all along the wall. The Great Wall is famous as the eighth wonder of the world. Up to now, the wall’s size and the Chinese history have made it on the list of the greatest human achievements. 【难度】0.65 1．A．enemies B．friends C．families D．relatives 【答案】1．A 【解析】本文主要介绍了长城。 1．句意：修建长城的目的是为了防御敌人。enemies敌人；friends朋友；families家人；relatives亲戚。根据“The purpose of the Great Wall was to defend (防御)”可知，应是防御敌人的。故选A。 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $