非谓语动词 导学案-2026届高三英语一轮复习专项

语法专题　非谓语动词

1.不定式作状语

(1)表目的

作目的状语时，不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语。往往译作“为了；想要”。

Having finished her project，she was invited by the school to speak to the new students.

(2)表结果

不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果，动词不定式前面常加only。

George returned after the war，only to be told that his wife had left him.

(3)表原因

这种原因状语往往跟在表示“高兴、愉快、生气、遗憾”等形容词之后，说明产生这种情感的原因。

I felt very honored to be included in the team.

对点训练：

1）.He hurried to the booking office only _____________（tell）that all the tickets had been sold out.

2）___________（make）this cake, you’ll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour.

3). It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _____________ (have) a look at the sports stars.

4). ___________ (ensure) the safety of gas, the government has checked the city’s gas supply system thoroughly.

2．动词－ing形式作状语

现在分词有一般式、被动式、完成式和完成被动式四种形式，每一种形式的否定式都是直接在前面加not构成。

一般式表示主动的一般性的动作或者正在进行的动作；被动式表示正在进行的被动的动作；完成式表示发生在谓语动作之前的主动的动作；完成被动式表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动的动作。

a. Seeing him, I couldn't help thinking of his brother.

b. Not having fully recovered from the operation，the patient was advised to stay in hospital for another two weeks.

c. Having been told many times，he finally understood it.

d. His father died, leaving his family even worse off.

                              

e. He sent me an e-mail, hoping to get further information. （伴随状语）

f. Not knowing how to find the subway, I asked a policeman for help.

对点练习：

1) ___________(be) tired, I stopped to take a rest.(= Because I was tired, ….)  

2) _____________(know) where I live, he never come to see me .(= Though he knows where I live, ….)

3) It rained heavily, _____________(cause)severe flooding in the area.(= It rained heavily so that it caused severe flooding in the area.)

4) _______________(finish) my work, I went home. (= After I had finished my work, ….)

6) My wife had a long talk with Sally, ____________(explain) why she didn’t want the children to play together.

7) __________________(tell) many times, he still couldn’t understand it.

8)_______________ (brush)his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.

9) ________________(not fear)the fire, the child touched and got a finger burnt.

3．动词－ed形式作状语

(1)过去分词作状语时，与句子主语之间是被动关系，表示时间、原因、条件、让步等。此时过去分词可与一些连词，如when, though, once等连用。

Used with care，one tin will last for six weeks.

(2)某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，此时这些过去分词表示一种状态。这样的词有：lost(迷路的)，seated(坐)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(感到厌倦)，faced with(面对)等。

Tired of working for over ten hours a day, he wanted to quit the job.

 [温馨提示]

作状语时，是用现在分词还是用过去分词，取决于该动词与句子主语之间的关系。如果是逻辑上的主谓关系，一般用现在分词；如果是逻辑上的动宾关系，一般用过去分词。

Pressed from his parents, and realizing that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.

对点训练：

1).______________(encourage) by the advances in technology，many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.

2.　　　　 (give) the right kind of training，these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.

3. Greatly ____________(touch) by his teacher’s words, the boy did a lot of things to help his classmates.

4.__________(see) from space, the earth, with water ____________(cover) 70% of its surface, looks like a blue globe.

5. The old man got on the bus, ____________(support) by a girl.

6. Once _____________(publish),the dictionary will be popular.

7.When _____________(complete), the stadium will be opened to the public.

8. Michael's new house is like a huge palace，　　　　 (compare) with his old one.

 

1.动词不定式作定语

(1)不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。动词不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是逻辑上的动宾关系，如果该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。

(2)不定式与被修饰词之间有同位关系。此类名词有chance，ability等。

The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.

 [温馨提示]

不定式一般式的主动语态(to do)作定语表示将要发生的主动动作。

不定式一般式的被动语态(to be done)作定语表示将要发生的被动动作。

We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.

2．动词－ing形式作定语

 (1)动词－ing形式的主动式(doing)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。

Recently a survey comparing prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.

(2)动词－ing形式的一般被动式(being done)作定语与所修饰名词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，表示该动作的被动和进行。

The houses being built are for the teachers.

3．动词－ed形式作定语

动词－ed形式(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上存在被动关系，并表示该动作的被动或完成。

Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.

对点训练：

1).With the government's aid，those 　　　　 (affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.

2). The play　　　　(produce) next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.

3). With the world changing fast，we have something new　　　　(deal) with all by ourselves every day.

4). Hurry up, there is only little time _____________(leave)

5). Please tell me the problems ______________ (discuss) at yesterday's meeting quickly. The manager is calling me!

6). —Do you know that the meeting _____________ (hold) this afternoon has been cancelled?

—No.  Thanks for telling me.

 

一、巧记非谓语动词作宾语

1．只接不定式作宾语的动词

三个希望两答应hope, wish, want, agree, promise

两个要求莫拒绝demand, ask, refuse

设法学会做决定manage, learn, decide

不要假装在选择pretend, choose

2．只接动名词作宾语的动词和动词短语

(1)动词：admit(承认);  advise(建议); appreciate(欣赏);    avoid(避免); consider(考虑); delay(推迟); deny(否认);    enjoy(享受); escape(逃跑);    fancy(喜欢); finish(结束);  imagine(想象); mind(介意);    mean(意味着); miss(错过); permit(允许); risk(冒险);    suggest(建议); practice(实践)

(2)动词短语：insist on(坚持); object to(反对); devote to(贡献); be(get) used/accustomed to(习惯于); get down to(着手做某事); feel like(喜欢); look forward to(盼望); put off(推迟); give up(放弃); lead to(导致); keep on(继续); can't stand(不能忍受)

3．接不定式和动名词作宾语意思不同的动词：

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)