Unit 5单词详解表 -2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级上册

单词

常见搭配

考点提示

经典例句

opposite /ˈɒpəzɪt/ (prep. 在……的对面)

opposite the park（在公园对面）；sit opposite sb.（坐在某人对面）；the opposite side（对面）

介词，后接地点名词；也可作形容词表“相反的”（opposite direction）、名词表“对立面”

The bank is opposite the supermarket.She sat opposite me at the dinner table.

packet /ˈpækɪt/ (n. 小包，小盒，小袋)

a packet of biscuits（一包饼干）；a packet of tea（一袋茶叶）；a packet of cigarettes（一包烟）

可数名词，复数为packets；美式英语中常用package

I bought a packet of sweets for my sister.There is a packet of milk in the fridge.

picnic /ˈpɪknɪk/ (n. 野餐)

have a picnic（去野餐）；go on a picnic（去野餐）；a picnic basket（野餐篮）

可数名词，复数为picnics；也可作动词表“野餐”（picnic by the lake），现在分词为picnicking

We are going to have a picnic in the park this Sunday.They picnicked on the grass near the river.

smelly /ˈsmeli/ (adj. 有臭味的)

smelly socks（臭袜子）；a smelly bin（发臭的垃圾桶）

形容词，可作定语或表语；比较级为smellier，最高级为smelliest；动词形式为smell（闻；有气味）

The smelly fish made me feel sick.Your shoes are smelly—please take them off.

cheese /tʃiːz/ (n. 干酪，奶酪)

a piece of cheese（一块奶酪）；cheese cake（芝士蛋糕）；cream cheese（奶油奶酪）

不可数名词，表“一块奶酪”需用a piece of cheese；复数形式cheeses可表“多种奶酪”

I like to eat bread with cheese for breakfast.She bought a box of different cheeses from the shop.

noise /nɔɪz/ (n. 噪声；嘈杂声)

make a noise（制造噪音）；loud noise（巨大的噪音）；noise pollution（噪音污染）

可数/不可数名词，表“具体的噪音”时可数，表“噪音总称”时不可数；动词形式为noisy（形容词，吵闹的）

The noise from the street kept me awake all night.Don’t make so much noise in the library.

reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ (v. 减少；缩小；降低)

reduce pollution（减少污染）；reduce the price（降价）；reduce stress（减轻压力）

及物动词；名词形式为reduction（减少；降价）；reduce...to...表“把……减少到……”

We should try to reduce the use of plastic bags.The company reduced the number of employees by 10%.

kick /kɪk/ (v. 踢)

kick a ball（踢球）；kick the door（踢门）；kick sb./sth. away（把……踢开）

及物/不及物动词；名词形式为kick（踢；一脚）

He kicked the football into the goal.The little boy kicked the stone angrily.

seat /siːt/ (n. 座，座位)

take a seat（就座）；a window seat（靠窗座位）；book a seat（预订座位）

可数名词，复数为seats；动词形式为seat（使就座），常用be seated表“就座”

There are no empty seats on the bus.Please be seated, and the meeting will begin soon.

passenger /ˈpæsɪndʒə/ (n. 乘

a bus passenger（公交车乘客）；

可数名词，复数为passengers；形

The driver asked the passengers to

客，旅客)

train passengers（火车乘客）；a passenger plane（客机）

容词形式为passenger（乘客的），如passenger seat

fasten their seatbelts.All passengers must show their tickets before boarding.

anything /ˈeniθɪŋ/ (pron. 任何事物都（没有）)

anything else（还有别的吗）；not anything（没有任何东西）；do anything（做任何事）

不定代词，用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，相当于something（用于肯定句）；后接形容词需后置

Is there anything important in the newspaper today?I don’t want anything to eat.

fool /fuːl/ (n. 蠢人，傻子，笨蛋)

a fool（一个傻瓜）；make a fool of sb.（愚弄某人）；don’t be a fool（别傻了）

可数名词；也可作动词表“愚弄；欺骗”（fool sb.）

He felt like a fool when he realized his mistake.Don’t fool me—I know the truth.

sign /saɪn/ (n. 标记；指示牌，标牌)

a road sign（道路指示牌）；a warning sign（警告牌）；put up a sign（张贴标牌）

可数名词，复数为signs；也可作动词表“签名；示意”（sign one’s name；sign to sb.）

There is a “No Smoking” sign on the wall.She signed her name on the paper.

throat /θrəʊt/ (n. 喉咙，咽喉)

have a sore throat（喉咙痛）；clear your throat（清嗓子）；cut one’s throat（自毁前程）

可数/不可数名词，常用单数形式；相关短语a frog in one’s throat表“嗓子沙哑”

I have a bad throat and can’t speak loudly.He cleared his throat before starting the speech.

clear your throat (尤指说话前或为引人注目而)清清

clear your throat before speaking（说话前清嗓子）

固定短语，clear为动词，throat为

He cleared his throat to get the audience’s