Unit 3 单词详解表 2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级上册

该初中英语外研版八年级上册Unit 3单词详解表全面梳理了单元核心词汇，涵盖名词、动词、形容词等多类词性，通过“常见搭配、考点提示、经典例句”三维度系统组织内容，搭建从词汇基础记忆到语境灵活应用的递进式学习支架。 清单以“词性功能+用法差异+语境实践”构建完整知识体系，如考点提示中标注cost为不规则动词（过去式cost）、condition表“疾病”时可数/“状况”时不可数的语法要点，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。特别设计易混词对比（如lend“借出”与borrow“借入”辨析）、反义词关联（artificial反义natural），经典例句贴近生活场景，助力不同基础学生高效掌握，教师可据此精准设计分层练习，提升教学实效。

外研版八年级上册Unit 3 单词详解表 单词 常见搭配 考点提示 经典例句 fair /feə/ (n. 展览会) a book fair（书展）；a trade fair（商品交易会）；art fair（艺术展） 可数名词，复数为fairs；也可作形容词表“公平的；晴朗的”（fair play；fair weather） We are going to a science fair this weekend.The fair will be held in the city hall. block /blɒk/ (n. 一块（指木头、石头等有直边的硬物）) a block of wood（一块木头）；a block of stone（一块石头）；a block of ice（一块冰） 可数名词，复数为blocks；也可表“街区；大楼”（a city block；an office block） She bought a block of chocolate for her sister.The building is on the next block. artificial /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl/ (adj. 人造的，人工的) artificial flowers（人造花）；artificial intelligence（人工智能，AI）；artificial light（人造光） 形容词，可作定语或表语；反义词为natural（自然的） These are artificial roses, not real ones.Artificial intelligence is developing fast now. condition /kənˈdɪʃn/ (n. 长期疾病) a heart condition（心脏病）；have a medical condition（有慢性病）；in good condition（状况良好） 可数名词（表“疾病”）/不可数名词（表“状况；条件”）；复数形式conditions可表“环境；条件” He has a serious heart condition.The car is still in good condition after years of use. cost /kɒst/ (v. 价格为，需支付（某一数量的钱）) cost sb. some money（花费某人多少钱）；The book costs 20 yuan.（这本书20元） 不规则动词，过去式/过去分词为cost；主语通常是物，不能是人；也可作名词表“成本；费用”（the cost of living） The new phone costs me 5000 yuan.The cost of the trip is about 1000 dollars. lend /lend/ (v. 借给，借出) lend sb. sth.（借给某人某物）；lend sth. to sb.（把某物借给某人）；lend (sb.) a hand（帮助（某人）做事） 不规则动词，过去式/过去分词为lent；与borrow区分，lend表“借出”，borrow表“借入”（borrow sth. from sb.） Can you lend me your pen for a minute?He lent a hand to carry the heavy box. 3-D /ˌθriːˈdiː/ (adj. 三维的，立体的) 3-D movie（3D电影）；3-D printing（3D打印）；3-D model（3D模型） 复合形容词，用于修饰名词；也可写作3D，无复数形式 We watched a 3-D movie yesterday evening.3-D printing is a new technology in modern times. printer /ˈprɪntə/ (n. 打印机) a laser printer（激光打印机）；a 3-D printer（3D打印机）；use a printer（使用打印机） 可数名词，复数为printers；动词形式为print（打印；印刷） I need to buy a new printer for my home office.Please connect your computer to the printer first. invent /ɪnˈvent/ (v. 发明，创造) invent a machine（发明一台机器）；invent a new game（发明一种新游戏） 及物动词；名词形式为invention（发明物，可数）/inventor（发明家，可数） Edison invented the light bulb in 1879.He wants to invent a new kind of robot. weigh /weɪ/ (v. 重，重量是……) weigh 50 kilos（重50公斤）；weigh sth.（称某物的重量）；How much do you weigh?（你体重多少？） 不及物动词（表“重量是……”）/及物动词（表“称重量”）；名词形式为weight（重量） The box weighs about 10 kilograms.She weighed the apples before buying them. kilogram /ˈkɪləɡræm/ (n. 千克，公斤) a kilogram of rice（一千克大米）；two kilograms of meat（两千克肉） 可数名词，复数为kilograms；缩写为kg；也可写作kilo（口语中） I need three kilograms of flour for the cake.The baby weighs 4 kilos at birth. fix /fɪks/ (v. 解决（问题）) fix a problem（解决问题）；fix a mistake（纠正错误）；fix the computer（修理电脑） 及物动词；也可表“修理；安装；固定”（fix the TV；fix a shelf on the wall） Can you help me fix this math problem?My father fixed the broken bike yesterday. invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ (n. 发明（物）) a great invention（一项伟大的发明）；scientific inventions（科学发明）；the invention of the phone（电话的发明） 可数/不可数名词，表“发明物”时可数，表“发明这一行为”时不可数；动词形式为invent The computer is one of the most important inventions in history.His invention helped many people in daily life. download /ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/ (v. 下载) download a file（下载文件）；download music（下载音乐）；download an app（下载应用程序） 及物动词；反义词为upload（上传）；名词形式为download（下载，可数/不可数） I downloaded some English songs from the Internet.Please download the document to your computer. apply /əˈplaɪ/ (v. 应用，运用) apply sth. to sth.（把某物应用于某物）；apply for a job（申请工作）；apply knowledge（运用知识） 不及物动词（后接介词for/to）/及物动词；名词形式为application（应用；申请） We should apply what we learn to practice.He applied for a position in the company. blind /blaɪnd/ (adj. 盲的，失明的) be blind in one eye（一只眼失明）；a blind man（盲人）；blind faith（盲目信仰） 形容词，可作定语或表语；动词形式为blind（使失明；使看不见） She is blind, but she can play the piano very well.The bright light blinded him for a moment. machine /məˈʃiːn/ (n. 机器) a washing machine（洗衣机）；a printing machine（印刷机）；operate a machine（操作机器） 可数名词，复数为machines；形容词形式为mechanical（机械的） This machine can cut paper into different shapes.My mother bought a new coffee machine last week. warn /wɔːn/ (v. 警告，告诫；提醒) warn sb. of sth.（警告某人某事）；warn sb. not to do sth.（警告某人不要做某事）；warn sb. about sth.（提醒某人关于某事） 及物动词，后可接双宾语或动词不定式作宾补 The teacher warned us not to run in the hallway.He warned me of the danger ahead. object /ˈɒbdʒɪkt/ (n. 物体) a solid object（固体）；a small object（小物体）；moving objects（移动物体） 可数名词，复数为objects；也可作动词/əbˈdʒekt/表“反对”（object to sth./doing sth.） I saw a strange object in the sky last night.Many people object to the new plan. sense /sens/ (v. 检测并记录) sense danger（检测到危险）；sense a change（察觉到变化）；sense temperature（检测温度） 及物动词；也可作名词表“感觉；感官”（a sense of smell；common sense） The machine can sense the level of water in the tank.She sensed that something was wrong. congratulations /kənˌɡrætʃəˈleɪʃnz/ (n. 祝贺的话) Congratulations!（恭喜！）；offer congratulations to sb.（向某人表示祝贺）；congratulations on sth.（为某事祝贺） 复数名词，常单独使用或与on连用；动词形式为congratulate（congratulate sb. on sth.） Congratulations on your success!We sent our congratulations to the winner. advertisement /ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/ (n. 广告；启事) a TV advertisement（电视广告）；a newspaper advertisement（报纸广告）；put an advertisement（登广告） 可数名词，复数为advertisements；缩写为ad（ads）；动词形式为advertise（做广告） I saw an advertisement for a new car on TV.They put an advertisement in the local paper. everyday /ˈevrideɪ/ (adj. 日常的；平常的；每天的) everyday life（日常生活）；everyday clothes（日常服装）；everyday English（日常英语） 形容词，仅作定语，不能作状语；与every day区分，every day是副词短语，表“每天”，作状语 We use smartphones in our everyday life.I go to school every day. trouble /ˈtrʌbl/ (v. 使忧虑，使苦恼) trouble sb.（打扰某人；使某人苦恼）；be troubled by sth.（为某事烦恼）；have trouble (in) doing sth.（做某事有困难） 及物动词；也可作名词表“麻烦；困难”（in trouble；get into trouble） The noise from the street troubles me a lot.He is troubled by his poor memory. creative /kriˈeɪtɪv/ (adj. 有创造力的) a creative person（有创造力的人）；creative ideas（创意）；creative work（创作作品） 形容词，可作定语或表语；副词形式为creatively；名词形式为creativity（创造力）/creation（创造） She is a very creative artist.We need to think creatively to solve the problem. imaginative /ɪˈmædʒɪnətɪv/ (adj. 富有想象力的；创新的) an imaginative child（富有想象力的孩子）；imaginative stories（富有想象力的故事） 形容词，可作定语或表语；动词形式为imagine（想象）；名词形式为imagination（想象力） The writer is very imaginative and writes great stories.Her imaginative design won the competition. inventor /ɪnˈventə/ (n. 发明者，发明家) a famous inventor（著名发明家）；the inventor of the airplane（飞机的发明者） 可数名词，复数为inventors；动词形式为invent；名词形式为invention Edison is a great inventor in the world.The inventor showed his new invention to the public. widely /ˈwaɪdli/ (adv. 广泛地；普遍地) be widely used（被广泛使用）；widely known（广为人知）；travel widely（周游各地） 副词，修饰动词、形容词或副词；形容词形式为wide（宽的；广泛的） English is widely used in the world.The singer is widely known in China. curiosity /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/ (n. 好奇心) out of curiosity（出于好奇）；arouse sb.’s curiosity（引起某人的好奇心）；satisfy one’s curiosity（满足某人的好奇心） 不可数名词；形容词形式为curious（好奇的）；be curious about sth.（对某事好奇） Children have a strong curiosity about the world.He opened the box out of curiosity. talent /ˈtælənt/ (n. 天资，天赋，才能) a talent for music（音乐天赋）；have a talent for sth.（有……的天赋）；a talent show（才艺表演） 可数/不可数名词，表“天赋”时不可数，表“有天赋的人”时可数 She has a great talent for painting.He is a talent in the field of science. electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ (n. 电) produce electricity（发电）；electricity supply（供电）；save electricity（节约用电） 不可数名词；形容词形式为electric（电动的；用电的）/electrical（与电有关的） We can’t live without electricity now.The machine runs on electricity. lightning /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/ (n. 闪电) a flash of lightning（一道闪电）；thunder and lightning（雷电） 不可数名词；相关短语lightning rod表“避雷针” We saw a bright flash of lightning in the sky.Lightning usually comes with thunder. lightning rod /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ rɒd/ (n. 避雷针) install a lightning rod（安装避雷针）；a lightning rod on the roof（屋顶上的避雷针） 可数名词，复数为lightning rods；由lightning和rod构成的复合名词 The building has a lightning rod to protect it from lightning. pioneer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə/ (n. 先驱，先锋，创始人) a pioneer in science（科学先驱）；a pioneer of modern art（现代艺术的先驱） 可数名词，复数为pioneers；也可作动词表“开拓；开创”（pioneer a new field） Yuan Longping is a pioneer in hybrid rice research.He pioneered a new method of teaching English. exploration /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/ (n. 探索；探险；勘探；勘查) space exploration（太空探索）；oil exploration（石油勘探）；go on an exploration（去探险） 不可数名词；动词形式为explore（探索；探险）；名词形式为explorer（探险家） Space exploration is a great challenge for humans.The company is doing oil exploration in the sea. test /test/ (v. 试验，检验) test a machine（测试机器）；test one’s eyesight（检查视力）；test the water（试水；试探） 及物动词；也可作名词表“测试；考试”（a math test；take a test） They are testing a new drug on animals.We will have an English test next week. despite /dɪˈspaɪt/ (prep. 尽管，虽然) despite the rain（尽管下雨）；despite his age（尽管他年纪大）；despite doing sth.（尽管做了某事） 介词，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接从句；相当于in spite of He went to school despite his illness.Despite working hard, he failed the exam. failure /ˈfeɪljə/ (n. 失败) a failure in sth.（某事的失败）；failure is the mother of success（失败是成功之母）；end in failure（以失败告终） 可数/不可数名词，表“失败的事或人”时可数，表“失败这一状态”时不可数；动词形式为fail（失败；不及格） His plan ended in failure.Failure can teach us valuable lessons. future /ˈfjuːtʃə/ (adj. 将来的，未来的) future plans（未来的计划）；future life（未来的生活）；in the future（在未来） 形容词，作定语；也可作名词表“未来”（the future；in future） We should make plans for our future life.What will the world be like in the future? explorer /ɪkˈsplɔːrə/ (n. 探险者；勘察者) a polar explorer（极地探险家）；a famous explorer（著名探险家） 可数名词，复数为explorers；动词形式为explore（探索；探险） Magellan was a great explorer who sailed around the world.The explorers found a new river in the forest. risk /rɪsk/ (n. 冒险举动) take a risk（冒险）；run the risk of doing sth.（冒着做某事的风险）；a big risk（巨大的风险） 可数/不可数名词；也可作动词表“冒险；冒……的风险”（risk doing sth.） It’s a big risk to invest all your money in the stock market.He risked his life to save the child. drive /draɪv/ (v. 促使) drive sb. to do sth.（促使某人做某事）；be driven by curiosity（受好奇心驱使）；drive forward（推动） 及物动词；也可表“驾驶；驱赶”（drive a car；drive away the birds）；名词形式为drive（驾驶；动力） His love for music drives him to practice every day.She was driven by ambition to succeed. earthquake /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ (n. 地震) a big earthquake（大地震）；an earthquake disaster（地震灾害）；earthquake relief（抗震救灾） 可数名词，复数为earthquakes；相关短语earthquake prediction（地震预测） A strong earthquake hit the city last year.We should learn how to protect ourselves in an earthquake. keyhole /ˈkiːhəʊl/ (n. 锁眼，钥匙孔) put the key in the keyhole（把钥匙插进锁眼）；a small keyhole（小锁眼） 可数名词，复数为keyholes；由key和hole构成的复合名词 She put the key into the keyhole and opened the door.The keyhole is too small for the big key. 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