Unit 2 单词详解表 -2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级上册

该初中英语单元单词详解表系统梳理了外研版八年级上册Unit 2的核心词汇，涵盖词义、常见搭配、考点提示及经典例句等维度，构建了从基础词义理解到搭配运用再到考点突破的渐进式学习支架。 清单采用“考点分层标注”和“易混词对比”设计，如区分“shout at（贬义）与shout to（为让听见而喊）”“message（可数具体信息）与information（不可数抽象信息）”等考点，标注since引导从句需用现在完成时、neither...nor...遵循就近原则等语法重点，培养学生的语言能力和思维品质。搭配“经典例句”直观展示语境用法，助力不同水平学生高效掌握词汇运用规则，教师可据此精准定位教学重难点，学生能自主梳理知识体系，提升学习效率。

外研版八年级上册Unit 2 单词详解表 单词 常见搭配 考点提示 经典例句 shout /ʃaʊt/ (v. 大声说，喊叫，呼喊) shout at sb.（对某人大喊）；shout out（大喊出声）；shout for help（呼救） 不及物动词，后接宾语需加介词at/to；shout at sb. 含贬义，shout to sb. 表“为让某人听见而喊” He shouted at his brother angrily.She shouted to me from the other side of the street. gate /ɡeɪt/ (n. 大门) school gate（校门）；park gate（公园大门）；at the gate（在门口） 可数名词，复数为gates；与door区分，gate指大门、闸门，door指房间/建筑物的门 We meet at the school gate every morning.The gate of the park is closed at 6 p.m. build /bɪld/ (v. 建造，盖；造) build a house（建房子）；build up（逐步建立；增强）；build a bridge（建桥） 不规则动词，过去式/过去分词为built；现在分词为building；名词形式为building（建筑物） They are building a new hospital in our city.We should build up our confidence. since /sɪns/ (prep. 自从……以来；conj. 自从……之后) since 2020（自从2020年以来）；since he came here（自从他来这儿之后） 作介词后接时间点，作连词后接从句；主句常用现在完成时 I have lived here since 2018.He has worked hard since he started the job. nor /nɔː/ (conj. 也不) neither…nor…（既不……也不……）；nor+助动词/情态动词+主语（倒装，表“也不”） 与neither连用构成并列结构，遵循“就近原则”；倒装句需将助动词（情态动词）提至主语前 Neither he nor I like coffee.He can’t swim, nor can I. hole /həʊl/ (n. 洞，孔) a hole in the wall（墙上的洞）；dig a hole（挖洞）；a mouse hole（老鼠洞） 可数名词，复数为holes；短语in the hole表“负债；亏空” There is a big hole in my sock.The dog dug a hole to hide the bone. glad /ɡlæd/ (adj. 高兴的，开心的) be glad to do sth.（乐意做某事）；be glad about sth.（为某事高兴）；glad to meet you（很高兴见到你） 形容词，常作表语，不用于修饰名词作定语；比较级为gladder，最高级为gladdest（常用happier/happiest替代） I’m glad to help you with your English.She is glad about the good news. knock /nɒk/ (v. 敲门（窗）) knock at/on the door（敲门）；knock down（摧毁，拆毁；撞倒）；knock off（敲掉；下班） 不及物动词，后接宾语需加介词at/on；knock down为动副短语，宾语为代词时放中间 Someone is knocking at the door.The old building was knocked down last week. afraid /əˈfreɪd/ (adj. 害怕的，恐惧的) be afraid of sth./doing sth.（害怕某物/做某事）；be afraid to do sth.（不敢做某事）；I’m afraid（恐怕，用于委婉表达） 形容词，仅作表语，无比较级/最高级；I’m afraid后可接从句 She is afraid of snakes.I’m afraid I can’t come to your party. message /ˈmesɪdʒ/ (n. （电影、书籍、讲话等的）要旨，主题思想，寓意；信息) a message from sb.（某人的留言）；take a message（捎口信）；the message of the story（故事的寓意） 可数名词，复数为messages；与information区分，message为可数名词，表“具体信息/留言”，information为不可数名词，表“抽象信息” Can you take a message for me?The message of the book is about love and friendship. double /ˈdʌbl/ (adj. 双倍的，两倍的) double the size（两倍大小）；double pay（双倍工资）；a double room（双人间） 也可作动词表“加倍”（double sth.），作名词表“两倍；双打” The price of the fruit is double what it was last month.We need to double our efforts to finish the task. understanding /ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ/ (n. 理解) mutual understanding（相互理解）；a deep understanding of sth.（对某事的深刻理解）；show understanding（表示理解） 不可数名词；动词形式为understand（理解），过去式/过去分词为understood Good communication helps improve mutual understanding.He has a good understanding of English grammar. return /rɪˈtɜːn/ (v. 返回，回来，回去) return to sp.（返回某地）；return sth. to sb.（把某物还给某人）；in return（作为回报） 不及物动词，后接地点需加介词to；return=come/go back，不可与back连用；也可作名词表“返回；归还” She will return to London next week.Please return the book to the library on time. lively /ˈlaɪvli/ (adj. 充满活力的，生气勃勃的) a lively child（活泼的孩子）；a lively party（热闹的派对）；lively music（欢快的音乐） 形容词，可作表语或定语；比较级为livelier，最高级为liveliest；与living/alive区分，lively表“活泼的”，living表“活着的（作定语）”，alive表“活着的（作表语）” My little sister is a lively girl.The party was lively and everyone had fun. theirs /ðeəz/ (pron. 他们的，她们的) a friend of theirs（他们的一个朋友）；This book is theirs.（这本书是他们的） 名词性物主代词，相当于“their+名词”，后面不接名词；形容词性物主代词为their Their house is big, and theirs has a big garden too.These bags are ours, and those are theirs. grade /ɡreɪd/ (n. 年级) in Grade 8（在八年级）；get good grades（取得好成绩）；grade level（年级水平） 可数名词，复数为grades；表示“年级”时首字母需大写；也可表“成绩；等级” He is in Grade 9 in a middle school.She got good grades in the final exam. article /ˈɑːtɪkl/ (n. （报刊的）文章) a newspaper article（报纸文章）；write an article（写文章）；an article about sports（一篇关于体育的文章） 可数名词，复数为articles；也可表“物品；冠词”（a/an/the） I read an interesting article in the magazine.She is writing an article for the school newspaper. priceless /ˈpraɪsləs/ (adj. 极其贵重的；无价的) a priceless painting（无价的画作）；priceless treasure（无价之宝） 形容词，无比较级/最高级；反义词为cheap/valueless；与invaluable同义，均表“无价的” The ancient vase is priceless.Her smile is a priceless gift for me. offer /ˈɒfə/ (v. 提供，给予) offer sb. sth.（给某人提供某物）；offer to do sth.（主动提出做某事）；offer help（提供帮助） 也可作名词表“提议；出价”（an offer of help）；offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb. He offered me a cup of tea.She offered to take me to the airport. plan /plæn/ (v. 计划) plan to do sth.（计划做某事）；make a plan（制定计划）；plan for the future（为未来做计划） 也可作名词表“计划”（可数名词，复数为plans）；现在分词为planning（双写n） We plan to go to the beach this weekend.Have you made a plan for your holiday? quite /kwaɪt/ (adv. 很；较为) quite a lot（很多）；quite good（相当好）；quite + 形容词/副词 程度副词，修饰形容词/副词时放其前；quite a/an+可数名词单数表“相当一个……” The film is quite interesting.It’s quite a cold day today. stressed /strest/ (adj. 焦虑的，紧张的，无法放松的) be stressed out（极度焦虑的）；feel stressed（感到紧张）；stressed about exams（因考试而焦虑） 形容词，常作表语；动词形式为stress（强调；使紧张），名词形式为stress（压力） She feels stressed before exams.Too much work makes him stressed out. recently /ˈriːsntli/ (adv. 最近，近来，不久前) recently（用于现在完成时/一般过去时）；quite recently（最近） 副词，常置于句首、句中或句末；形容词形式为recent（最近的） I have seen him recently.She recently moved to a new house. online /ˌɒnˈlaɪn/ (adv. 从网上，在网上) shop online（网购）；chat online（网上聊天）；study online（在线学习） 也可作形容词表“在线的；联网的”（an online course） Many people like to shop online now.We have an online English class every day. allow /əˈlaʊ/ (v. 使有可能；允许，容许，准许) allow sb. to do sth.（允许某人做某事）；allow doing sth.（允许做某事）；be allowed to do sth.（被允许做某事） 及物动词，后接动词不定式作宾补，不接动名词作宾补；被动结构为be allowed to do sth. My parents don’t allow me to stay out late.The school allows smoking in the designated area. ticket /ˈtɪkɪt/ (n. 票，入场券) a train ticket（火车票）；a concert ticket（音乐会门票）；book a ticket（订票） 可数名词，复数为tickets；短语a ticket to…表“……的票” I bought two tickets for the movie.Do you have a ticket to the football match? true /truː/ (adj. 真正的) be true（真实的）；come true（实现）；true friend（真正的朋友） 形容词，可作表语或定语；比较级为truer，最高级为truest；副词形式为truly（真实地） The story is true.His dream of becoming a doctor came true. respect /rɪˈspekt/ (v. 尊重，顾及) respect sb.（尊重某人）；respect one’s opinion（尊重某人的意见）；show respect for sb.（向某人表示尊重） 也可作名词表“尊重；敬意”（不可数名词）；形容词形式为respectful（恭敬的）/respective（各自的） We should respect our teachers and parents.He has a lot of respect for his grandfather. narrow /ˈnærəʊ/ (adj. 狭窄的) a narrow road（狭窄的路）；narrow mind（狭隘的思想）；narrow escape（九死一生） 形容词，可作表语或定语；比较级为narrower，最高级为narrowest；动词形式为narrow（变窄；缩小） The street is too narrow for cars to pass.Her view on the matter is very narrow. lane /leɪn/ (n. ……巷（常用于路名中）) a street lane（小巷）；Park Lane（公园巷）；a bus lane（公交专用道） 可数名词，复数为lanes；也可表“车道；跑道” We live in a small lane near the park.The bus lane is only for buses. unit /ˈjuːnɪt/ (n. （计量用的）单位) a unit of length（长度单位）；a family unit（家庭单位）；Unit 2（第二单元） 可数名词，复数为units；也可表“单元；装置” The meter is a unit of length.This lesson is in Unit 3 of the textbook. perhaps /pəˈhæps/ (adv. 可能，大概，也许) perhaps（置于句首/句中/句末）；perhaps not（也许不） 程度副词，与maybe/probably同义，probably的可能性最大 Perhaps he will come tomorrow.It’s perhaps the best choice for you. argue /ˈɑːɡjuː/ (v. 争论，争吵) argue with sb.（与某人争吵）；argue about sth.（为某事争论）；argue for/against sth.（支持/反对某事） 不及物动词，后接宾语需加介词with/about；名词形式为argument（争论） They often argue with each other about small things.He argued for the new plan in the meeting. divide /dɪˈvaɪd/ (v. （把……）分开) divide…into…（把……分成……）；divide sth. between sb.（在两人之间分配某物）；dividing line（分界线，界限） 及物动词；名词形式为division（划分；部门）；与separate区分，divide表“把整体分成部分”，separate表“把分开的事物隔开” The teacher divided the class into four groups.The river divides the city into two parts. reach /riːtʃ/ (v. 实现，达成) reach an agreement（达成协议）；reach a goal（实现目标）；reach sb.（联系到某人） 及物动词，也可表“到达（某地）”，后接地点时不加介词（reach sp.=get to sp.=arrive at/in sp.） We hope to reach an agreement by the end of the week.She finally reached her dream of becoming a singer. agreement /əˈɡriːmənt/ (n. （意见的）一致，相合) reach an agreement（达成协议）；in agreement with sb.（与某人意见一致）；sign an agreement（签署协议） 可数/不可数名词，表“协议”时可数，表“一致”时不可数；动词形式为agree（同意） We are in agreement with your suggestion.They signed an agreement to cooperate with each other. relative /ˈrelətɪv/ (n. 家人；亲戚) a close relative（近亲）；visit relatives（拜访亲戚）；live with relatives（和亲戚住在一起） 可数名词，复数为relatives；形容词形式为relative（相对的；相关的） I have many relatives in the countryside.She visited her relatives during the Spring Festival. government /ˈɡʌvəmənt/ (n. 政府) the local government（当地政府）；central government（中央政府）；government policy（政府政策） 可数名词，复数为governments；常与the连用；动词形式为govern（统治；管理） The government is trying to improve people’s life.The local government built a new hospital last year. poem /ˈpəʊɪm/ (n. 诗；韵文) write a poem（写诗）；a love poem（爱情诗）；read a poem aloud（大声读诗） 可数名词，复数为poems；与poetry区分，poem为“具体的诗”，poetry为“诗歌（总称）” He wrote a beautiful poem for his mother.She likes reading poems by Li Bai. inside /ˌɪnˈsaɪd/ (adv. 在（容器或其他封闭的空间）里面) inside the box（在盒子里）；go inside（进去）；inside out（里外颠倒） 也可作介词（inside the house）、名词（the inside of the car）、形容词（inside pocket） Please put the book inside the bag.He turned his coat inside out by mistake. neighbour /ˈneɪbə/ (n. 邻居，邻人) a good neighbour（好邻居）；next-door neighbour（隔壁邻居）；get on with neighbours（与邻居相处） 可数名词，复数为neighbours；美式拼写为neighbor；动词形式为neighbour（与……为邻） Our new neighbour is a teacher.We get on well with our neighbours. act /ækt/ (n. 行为，行动，动作，举动) an act of kindness（善举）；take action（采取行动）；an act of bravery（勇敢的行为） 可数名词，复数为acts；也可作动词表“行动；表演”（act quickly；act in a play）；名词形式还有action（行动）、actor/actress（演员） His act of helping the old man was praised by everyone.We must act quickly to solve the problem. pass /pɑːs/ (v. 过去，流逝) Time passes quickly.（时光飞逝）；pass by（经过；路过）；pass the time（打发时间） 不及物动词，表“过去”时常用Time passes…；也可作及物动词表“传递；通过（考试）”（pass sb. sth.；pass the exam） Years passed quickly, and he grew up.We passed by a park on our way home. whenever /wenˈevə/ (conj. 每当) whenever you need help（每当你需要帮助时）；whenever I see her（每当我见到她时） 引导时间状语从句，相当于no matter when；从句用一般现在时表将来 Whenever I am in trouble, she always helps me.You can ask me for help whenever you need it. 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