Unit 2 单词详解表 -2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级上册

单词

常见搭配

考点提示

经典例句

shout /ʃaʊt/ (v. 大声说，喊叫，呼喊)

shout at sb.（对某人大喊）；shout out（大喊出声）；shout for help（呼救）

不及物动词，后接宾语需加介词at/to；shout at sb. 含贬义，shout to sb. 表“为让某人听见而喊”

He shouted at his brother angrily.She shouted to me from the other side of the street.

gate /ɡeɪt/ (n. 大门)

school gate（校门）；park gate（公园大门）；at the gate（在门口）

可数名词，复数为gates；与door区分，gate指大门、闸门，door指房间/建筑物的门

We meet at the school gate every morning.The gate of the park is closed at 6 p.m.

build /bɪld/ (v. 建造，盖；造)

build a house（建房子）；build up（逐步建立；增强）；build a bridge（建桥）

不规则动词，过去式/过去分词为built；现在分词为building；名词形式为building（建筑物）

They are building a new hospital in our city.We should build up our confidence.

since /sɪns/ (prep. 自从……以来；conj. 自从……之后)

since 2020（自从2020年以来）；since he came here（自从他来这儿之后）

作介词后接时间点，作连词后接从句；主句常用现在完成时

I have lived here since 2018.He has worked hard since he started the job.

nor /nɔː/ (conj. 也不)

neither…nor…（既不……也不……）；nor+助

与neither连用构成并列结构，遵循“就近原则”；

Neither he nor I like coffee.He can’t swim, nor

动词/情态动词+主语（倒装，表“也不”）

倒装句需将助动词（情态动词）提至主语前

can I.

hole /həʊl/ (n. 洞，孔)

a hole in the wall（墙上的洞）；dig a hole（挖洞）；a mouse hole（老鼠洞）

可数名词，复数为holes；短语in the hole表“负债；亏空”

There is a big hole in my sock.The dog dug a hole to hide the bone.

glad /ɡlæd/ (adj. 高兴的，开心的)

be glad to do sth.（乐意做某事）；be glad about sth.（为某事高兴）；glad to meet you（很高兴见到你）

形容词，常作表语，不用于修饰名词作定语；比较级为gladder，最高级为gladdest（常用happier/happiest替代）

I’m glad to help you with your English.She is glad about the good news.

knock /nɒk/ (v. 敲门（窗）)

knock at/on the door（敲门）；knock down（摧毁，拆毁；撞倒）；knock off（敲掉；下班）

不及物动词，后接宾语需加介词at/on；knock down为动副短语，宾语为代词时放中间

Someone is knocking at the door.The old building was knocked down last week.

afraid /əˈfreɪd/ (adj. 害怕的，恐惧的)

be afraid of sth./doing sth.（害怕某物/做某事）；be afraid to do sth.（不敢做某事）；I’m afraid（恐怕，用于委婉表达）

形容词，仅作表语，无比较级/最高级；I’m afraid后可接从句

She is afraid of snakes.I’m afraid I can’t come to your party.

message /ˈmesɪdʒ/

a message from

可数名词，复数

Can you take a message for

(n. （电影、书籍、讲话等的）要旨，主题思想，寓意；信息)

sb.（某人的留言）；take a message（捎口信）；the message of the story（故事的寓意）

为messages；与information区分，message为可数名词，表“具体信息/留言”，information为不可数名词，表“抽象信息”

me?The message of the book is about love and friendship.

double /ˈdʌbl/ (adj. 双倍的，两倍的)

double the size（两倍大小）；double pay（双倍工资）；a double room（双人间）

也可作动词表“加倍”（double sth.），作名词表“两倍；双打”

The price of the fruit is double what it was last month.We need to double our efforts to finish the task.

understanding /ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ/ (n. 理解)

mutual understanding（相互理解）；a deep understanding of sth.（对某事的深刻理解）；show understanding（表示理解）

不可数名词；动词形式为understand（理解），过去式/过去分词为understood

Good communication helps improve mutual understanding.He has a good understanding of English grammar.

return /rɪˈtɜːn/ (v. 返回，回来，回去)

return to sp.（返回某地）；return sth. to sb.（把某物还给某人）；in return（作为回报）

不及物动词，后接地点需加介词to；return=come/go back，不可与back连用；也可作名词表“返回；归还”

She will return to London next week.Please return the book to the library on time.

lively /ˈlaɪvli/ (adj. 充满活力的，生

a lively child（活泼的孩子）；a

形容词，可作表语或定语；比较

My little sister is a lively girl.The party was lively