Unit 1Grammar 课件2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

该初中英语现在完成时课件系统覆盖用法、构成、否定疑问、时间状语、have/has been to/gone to/in辨析、长短动词转换及与一般过去时区别等核心知识点，通过例句解析、对比表格、情境对话和分层练习搭建学习支架，帮助学生从基础概念到综合运用逐步过渡。 其亮点在于以语言能力培养为核心，通过分类对比（如长短动词转换表、现在完成时与一般过去时用法对比）和情境化练习（如采访对话填空、同义句转换），提升学生分析比较的思维品质，同时结合总结性表格和错题示例，强化学习策略，助力学生高效掌握语法规则，教师可直接用于课堂教学或分层辅导，提升教学效率。

Present perfect tense 现在完成时 U1 Grammar 一、用法 1. 强调过去动作持续到现在 I have lived in Shanghai since 10 years ago. 意指现在还在住并很有可能继续住下去 从过去到现在很多次并还会有 2. 强调过去动作对现在的影响 I have lost my key, so I can’t open the door. 过去丢了，导致现在开不了门 现在 过去 动作或影响延续 She has been to Beijing many times over the past 2 years. 3. 强调一个动作到现在为止已经发生的次数。 二、构成 have/ has + done 助动词，无实义 动词的过去分词 原形 过去式 过去分词 过去分词 怎么变过去分词？ 大部分和动词的过去式相同 还有一部分比较特殊 have/ has + done 助动词，无实义 变否疑，拿来用 三、否/疑 1. 他们已经完成家庭作业了。 They ______________ (finish) their homework. 2. 他已经完成家庭作业了。 He ______________ (finish) his homework. have finished has finished they have= they’ve he has= he’s 否 否 not not Yes, they have./ No, they haven’t. Yes, he has./ No, he hasn’t. have not= haven’t has not= hasn’t 四、常见时间状语 1. for+一段时间 e.g. She has slept for 10 hours. 2. since+时间点 (自从...) e.g. I have lived here since 2002. I have lived here since 10 years ago. I have lived here since I was born. 3. recently (最近） e.g. He has eaten many ice creams recently. 4. so far= till now= until now= up to now (迄今为止) e.g. I haven’t got his letter up to now. 5. before (单独用于句尾) e.g. I have never heard about this super star before. 四、常见时间状语 6. just vs. just now just:(现完) She has just gone to Beijing. just now:(过去) She went home just now. 7. ever & never ever:(主要用于疑问句) Have you ever been to Beijing? never:(表否定) I have never been to Beijing. 8. already & yet (已经) already:(肯) He has already left. yet:(否/疑) I haven’t had breakfast yet . 9. in/ during/ over the (past) ten years e.g. She has grown a lot in the past 2 years. has changed has turned has improved have moved built haven’t visited found has worked left went has returned bought have visited have lived have been have fallen have been Have noticed are enjoy Millie and Amy have been to Hong Kong twice. Millie和Amy去过香港两次。 我从来没去过香港。 I have never been to Hong Kong. have/has been to 去过/没去过什么地方, 已回，表示经历 常与twice，many times，just，never，ever等连用。 你曾经去过香港吗? Have you ever been to Hong Kong? --- Where is Tom? --- He has gone to Nanjing. --- 汤姆在哪里? –他去了南京。 他们去了北京。下周将会回来。 have/has gone to They have gone to Beijing. They will come /be back next week. 去了某个地方, 未回 不在说话现场 We have been in Hong Kong for three days. 我们已经在香港三天了。 他已经在公交车站一个小时了。 He has been at the bus stop for an hour. have/has been in/at “一直待在某地”，表示持续 常与段时间连用(for…; since…) have/has been in/at have/has been to have/has gone to 含义 标志词 共同点 一直待，表示持续 for … since … 去过/没去过，已回 表示经历 次数/ever/never/ just 去了，现在不在 未回 Where is …? … will come back. He has gone to somewhere. I have been to there many times. I have been in here for two days. 后面有home/here/there/somewhere/abroad等地点副词+Where 去掉介词 1. I _______ ________ _________ Hong Kong. I went there last month. 2. ----Where is Millie? ----She_______ _______ _______ Beijing. 3. You can't find Mr Li. He _____ _____home. 4. Millie ______ _______ _______ South Hill many times. have been to has gone to has gone has been to 用have/has been to, have/has gone to和have/has been in形式填空。 5. Tom and Amy _____ never _______ ____ South Hill. 6. Kitty _____ _______ ______ Hong Kong with her family. They will come back next week. 7. ______ you ever ______ abroad? 8. I _______ ______ _______ Nanjing for about 5 years. 9. The foreigner _______ ______ ______ China since 2006. 10. Where ______ you ______? I can’t find you anywhere. have been to has gone to Have been have been in has been in have been for 和 since的用法: They have had the house for 10 years. = They have had the house since 10 years ago. 提问：How long have they had the house? 1. for + 段时间 = since + 段时间 + ago 现完 2. 提问： How long? He has been away from Beijing for a week. He has had a car since 2007. 短动词 长动词 短动词 长动词 长短动词的转换： 长短动词的转换 短V 长V 开始 (1) The film ______ (begin) 20 minutes ago. The film _____________ for 20 minutes began has been on (2) The parade __________ (finish) hours ago. The parade _____________ for hours. 结束 /end finished has been over Tip 1: 短动词用一过，长动词用现完 长短动词的转换 短V 长V 来/去/到 Kitty _______ Hong Kong two days ago. reached 离开 She left home last Tuesday. 长短动词的转换 短V 长V 借 She borrowed this book last week. How long can I ______ (借) this book? keep 买 buy have/has had I bought the car three years ago. I _____ _____ the car ______ three years ago. have had since 长短动词的转换 短V 长V 加入 /has been in Simon joined the Football Club last year. 结婚 A married B 15 years ago. =A and B got married .... =A got married to B.... 长短动词的转换 短V 长V 死 The fish died some time ago. 打开 open have/has been open The shop opened at 8 o’clock this morning. The shop _____ ____ _____ _____ 8 o’clock this morning. has been open since 关闭 close have/has been closed The park closed last week. The park _____ _____ _____ _____ last week. has been closed since been on been over been in/at been away kept been in ... been a member of... been married been dead had had a cold been open been closed been ill/asleep 1) 所有动词都有现在完成时 短动词→ 长动词：① 出现for.../since.../How long? ② 肯定句/疑问句 2) 否定句中用短动词，不需要短变长 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别-1 past present Daniel went to Beijing two years ago. Daniel has lived in Beijing for two years. past present 我们用一般过去时讲述过去发生的事情。 我们用现在完成时讲述一个动作发生在过去并且持续到现在的动作。 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别-2 Daniel bought a new computer last month. Daniel has bought a new computer. (He has a new computer now.) past present past present 我们用一般过去时讲述过去某个时间发生的事情。 我们用现在完成时谈论或强调一个动作的结果，而动作发生的时间可能并不重要。 ☑ ☑ 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别-3 He visited Canada in 2010 and 2011. He has been to Canada twice. past present past present 我们用一般过去时讲述过去发生的事情（的时间点）。 我们用现在完成时讲述一个动作到现在为止已经发生的次数。 小结1：侧重不同 一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作。 现在完成时 表示动作开始于过去，一直持续到现在，并有可能继续持续下去。 表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成影响(时间不那么重要)。 表示一个动作到现在为止已经发生的次数。 小结2：结构不同 一般过去时 肯定句 主语 + 过去式 +... 主语 + was/were + 其他... 否定句 主语 + did not (didn’t) + 动词原形 + … 主语 + was/were not (wasn’t/weren’t) + 其他... 一般疑问句 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + …? Was/Were + 主语 + 其他…? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + …? 特殊疑问词+Was/Were + 主语 + 其他…? 小结2：结构不同 现在完成时 肯定句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 +... 否定句 主语+haven’t ( have not) +过去分词+... 主语+hasn’t ( has not ) +过去分词+... 一般疑问句 Have/Has+主语+过去分词...? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+Have/Has+主语+过去分词...? 小结3：时间状语不同 现在完成时 副词作标志词：just, already, yet since + 时间点/(时间段+ago)/一般过去时句子；for + 时间段 表示次数的时间状语：once, twice, three times, ever, never 一般过去时 过去时态标志：just now, at that time, yesterday, this morning/evening, in the past, in + 过去的年份, last ..., once upon a time, the other day等 “最近”：lately，recently “迄今为止”：so far, till now, up to now, by now 1. I ______________ (finish/just) my homework. Millie ______ (finish) her homework 20 minutes ago. 2. I ______ (write) an email to my friend yesterday. Daniel _______________ (write/already) two emails. 3. I _____(be) in Hainan last month. Some of our classmates ____________ (not be) to Hainan yet. 4. I _________ (live) in Sunshine Town since I was born. Daniel ______ (live) in Nanjing in 2007. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in brackets. have just finished finished wrote was has already written have not been have lived lived Tip: Circle the time exprssions. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. We _______ (plant) trees last month. So far we ____________ (plant) over 300 trees there. 2. A terrible earthquake ___________(happen) in Wenchuan on May 12, 2008. 3. He ___________ (work) here since last year. 4. --_____ you _____ (is) to the United States? --Not yet. But I _____ (go) to Canada a few years ago. 5. He __________ (teach) in our school for 30 years. planted have planted happened has worked Have been went has taught 1.My father came back from the bookshop just now. My father ____ just ________ ______ the bookshop. 2.He began to learn Chinese in 2018. He ____ _______ Chinese since 2018. 3.The film began two minutes ago. The film _____ ______ ______ since two minutes ago. 4.He has had the motorbike for two years. He ________ the motorbike two years ______. = Two years ____ ______ since he _______the motorbike. = It’s two years ______he ________ the motorbike. 同义句转换。 has returned from has learned has been on since bought bought has passed bought ago 1. --Have you ______ your homework yet? --Yes, I ______ it an hour ago. A. finish; finished B. finished; finished C. finished; have finished 2. She ______ in Beijing since 2010. A. lives B. has lived C. lived 3. --______ you ever ______ to Shanghai? --No, never. A. Have; been B. Did; go C. Do; go 4. --______ he ______ lunch yet? --Yes, he ate it ten minutes ago. A. Has; had B. Did; have C. Does; have 5. They ______ just ______ the classroom. A. have; clean B. has; cleaned C. have; cleaned 1. He _____________ (not finish) his project yet. 2. __________ you ever __________ (see) a panda? 3. They _______________ (live) here since they were born. 4. I ______________ (watch) this movie. You can go by yourself. 5. My mother ______________ just _____________ (cook) dinner. 6. I ______________ (meet) her when I was a kid. 7. She ______________ (wash) her clothes since she came back. 8. Mr. Li _______________ (teach) math for ten years. hasn’t finished Have seen have lived have watched has cooked met has washed has taught 1. She has already watered the flowers. (改为否定句) → She __________ __________ the flowers __________. 2. They have lived here for five years. (对划线部分提问) → __________ __________ __________ they lived here? 3. I have read this book. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) → __________ you __________ this book? → No, I __________. hasn’t watered yet How long have Have read haven’t $