Unit 2 Morals and Virtues Vocabulary 词汇导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版必修第三册

Book 3 Unit 2知识点及检测

1. moral adj.道德的；道义上的　n．品行；道德；寓意（pl.）

moral dilemma  道德困境

moral issues/standards/values/principles   道德问题、标准、价值、原则

morally adv. 道德上的，道义上的  immoral adj. 不道德的  morality n. [U]

2. virtue  n. 高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质

e. g  Among her many  ________ (virtue) are loyalty, courage, and truthfulness.

by virtue of=by means of

She became a British resident by virtue of her marriage.

3. dilemma 【C】(进退两难的) 困境

①be in / face / be faced with the (moral) dilemma

                      about/over the job offer

                      about/over/of/as to whether to accept the job offer or not     

                      of choosing between career and family

                          处于/面对进退两难的....（道德）境地

②put/place sb. in a dilemma

③solve/overcome a dilemma 解决、克服一个困境

4.faint vi    ①She suddenly fell forward onto the table and _________(faint).

      adj.     ②He looked ______ (faint) embarrassed.

③She said there was a______hope that they might be alive on that desolate island.

5. illustrate vt. = show

1) illustrate (one's point...) (with pictures, examples...)        

=explain, show or make sth. clearer by using examples, pictures, etc.

2) illustrate (a book/article...) with (pictures)

   =put (picures) in a book, article etc. 给（书、文章等）加（插图）

3) (sth./that/wh-) = show  说明

n. illustration [C & U] 实例，示例； 图示； 插图，图表

① He illustrated the phenomenon __with______ examples.

② _To ________ (illustrate) my point, let me tell you a little story/give an example.

③ His lecture _________(illustrate) with photos ____ (take) during the expedition.

④ This behaviour ___________ your selfishness.

⑤ Can you give me an (typical) ________________ (illustrate) of what you mean?

⑥ a beautifully ____________(illustrate) book   一本配有美丽插图的书

6. precious   adj. 珍稀的；宝贵的  n. 珍宝      previous adj.   

7.entrust vt. 委托，交付

 

①All employees ______(entrust) with the care of children are given a police check.

②The committee carried out the duties _________ (entrust) to it.

8. carry sb through sth帮助某人渡过难关

*These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and what carried her through a life of hard choices.

*That’s my study plan for the summer holidays,  and I’ll try my best to carry it out.

*Only when you are in good health can you carry on studying.

carry through    完成; 进行到底   carry out  执行, 实行; 贯彻; 实现

carry on 开展; 维持; 继续    carry forward   继承, 弘扬

be/get carried away 激动得忘乎所以

(1)The activity is aimed at carrying ________ the Chinese traditional culture.

(2)We should carry ___ the plan strictly and carefully.

(3)We hope that more artists will carry ___ and develop the folk art.

(4)It was my mother that carried me _______ my hard time in middle school.

9. marriage   n. 结婚；婚姻  marry vi./vt.          married adj.

  A marry B=  A be /get married to B

10. majority n.大多数;大部分major adj.大的，主要的; vi.主修(+in); n.[C]主修课程

 a/the majority of 大多数   in a/the majority 占大多数

---反义minority n. 少数n.[C]辅修课程 少数派 minor vi.辅修(+in) adj.，次要的

the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数均可。

“the majority of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

“the majority of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

①The _________(major) of the citizens in that region have been affected by the dust.

②Tom and I have something in common: we both major ______ engineering.

③An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members _______(be) against it.

11.complain

(1)complain about...抱怨……

complain (to sb.) that...(向某人)抱怨……

complain to sb.about sth.向某人抱怨某事

(2)complaint n．抱怨a complaint box 意见箱  a letter of complaint 投诉信

make a complaint to sb.about sth.向某人抱怨某事

a flood of complaints大量的投诉

【误区警示】complain的后面不能直接跟sb.作宾语，须加介词to。类似的词还有explain(解释，说明)，announce(宣告)，suggest(建议), apologize, whisper等。

I had to explain to him that I had lost his keys.

①Mothers often complain ______ their children _________ wrestling on the bed.

②He will complain _________ having to do so much paperwork.

③Why don’t you make a _____________(complain) against your noisy neighbors?

12.tuition n. 教学；讲课    tuition fees  

e.g. She received private tuition in French.

13. respond  vi.& v.回答,回复;vi.作出反应,回应  response n. [C,U],响应;,答复

respond to...(with...)(以……)对……作出反应/回应 

respond that... 回答说……

in response to...作为对……的答复/反应

make/ give (no) response to...对……(不)作出反应,对……(不)予以回答

① Devices that can recognize and respond ______ a human voice have been developed.

② Not everyone acts the same in response ______ events, and that is why what triggers(引起) one person may or may not trigger another.

③ If you do not understand the question asked at a security checkpoint(安检员), ask the person to repeat his question until you are able to respond ________ an accurate answer.

14. union  n.       student union 学生会
15. scholarship n. 奖学金 win a scholarship 赢得奖学金 

He went to that university on a scholarship

scholar n 学者   scholarly  adj. 1.  = academic  2. 有学问的

16. hire  vt.  hire sb. as …     hire sb. to do…   反义--- fire

             hire sth. out       hire oneself out to sb  受雇于  

         n. bicycles for hire

两种英语长期雇佣、聘用某人用employ，appoint     

英国英语: 短期租用hire，出租hire out

          长期租用rent，出租rent (out), let (a flat /house) (out)  

美国英语：短期或长期租用rent, 出租rent out   

17. resident physician   住院医生

take the place of =take sb. ’s place 取代

replacement  n.代替，取代a replacement for...……的替代品/替补

① Linda suggests that we get rid of 80% of doctors and replace them ____ robots.

②Old books are like old friends. Once lost, they can never __________(replace).  

③ All the old carpets need _________(replace).

④ Please replace the book _______ the shelf after reading it.

39. accident n. 事故；车祸；失事      accidentally  adv. 偶然地

a car /road accident 车祸/交通事故   by accident    偶然地；意外地

I deleted the file by accident.         by chance

 

40.operation n. 手术；企业；经营

do/perform an operation (on sb.) (给某人)做手术  in operation工作中；有效

put sth. into operation实施

operate vi.运转；动手术 vt.操作  operator n．操作员，经营者

①The nurse tended the boy so carefully that he recovered from his heart ________ (operate) soon.

②The new rules will be ________ operation soon.

③To our great joy, the new machine is really easy ________ (operate).

41.whisper vi. & vt.悄声说；耳语；低语　n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传

whisper sth. into one’s ear 在某人耳边低声说某事

in a whisper/in whispers 低声地

whisper (to sb.) about sth.

             that 宾从      低声（对某人）说...

① They talked with each other _______ a whisper in the corner.

② They heard ______ whisper of leaves.

42. midnight n     at midnight 

43. import  n.& vt.

44. export  n&vt.

import...from... (into/to...) 从...进口/引进某物（到某地）

export...(from...) to...把...   (从...) 出口/传播/输出到（某地）

the import/export of (live cattle)  (活牛)进口/出口

oil imports from...来之...的进口（石油） /  exports to Asia 出口到(亚洲)的商品    

①The company has to pay custom duties on all ________. (import)

②Rich countries benefited from ________(import) oil from west Asia.

③Fish __________(import) and frozen, which keep prices low.

④At the same time the price of food, most of which ____________ (import), has continued to rise.

45. pole n. 地极  polar adj.    46. lap n. (做着时的)大腿部； (跑道) 一圈

                            on the lap