Unit 2 Morals and Virtues Vocabulary 词汇导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版必修第三册

该高中英语导学案聚焦Book 3 Unit 2核心知识点，涵盖词汇（如moral, virtue）、短语（如carry through, in memory of）及语法（如majority主谓一致、非谓语动词），通过例句解析与语境练习搭建新旧知识联系的学习支架，引导学生系统掌握单元重点。 资料特色在于结合语境设计多样化练习，如词性转换、短语搭配及语法应用，助力学生提升语言能力，通过近义词辨析（如reject/refuse）培养思维品质，分层次检测题强化学习能力，符合新课标核心素养要求，适用于课堂教学与自主学习。

Book 3 Unit 2知识点及检测 1. moral adj.道德的；道义上的　n．品行；道德；寓意（pl.） moral dilemma 道德困境 moral issues/standards/values/principles 道德问题、标准、价值、原则 morally adv. 道德上的，道义上的 immoral adj. 不道德的 morality n. [U] 2. virtue n. 高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质 e. g Among her many ________ (virtue) are loyalty, courage, and truthfulness. by virtue of=by means of She became a British resident by virtue of her marriage. 3. dilemma 【C】(进退两难的) 困境 ①be in / face / be faced with the (moral) dilemma about/over the job offer about/over/of/as to whether to accept the job offer or not of choosing between career and family 处于/面对进退两难的....（道德）境地 ②put/place sb. in a dilemma ③solve/overcome a dilemma 解决、克服一个困境 4.faint vi ①She suddenly fell forward onto the table and _________(faint). adj. ②He looked ______ (faint) embarrassed. ③She said there was a______hope that they might be alive on that desolate island. 5. illustrate vt. = show 1) illustrate (one's point...) (with pictures, examples...) =explain, show or make sth. clearer by using examples, pictures, etc. 2) illustrate (a book/article...) with (pictures) =put (picures) in a book, article etc. 给（书、文章等）加（插图） 3) (sth./that/wh-) = show 说明 n. illustration [C & U] 实例，示例； 图示； 插图，图表 ① He illustrated the phenomenon __with______ examples. ② _To ________ (illustrate) my point, let me tell you a little story/give an example. ③ His lecture _________(illustrate) with photos ____ (take) during the expedition. ④ This behaviour ___________ your selfishness. ⑤ Can you give me an (typical) ________________ (illustrate) of what you mean? ⑥ a beautifully ____________(illustrate) book 一本配有美丽插图的书 6. precious adj. 珍稀的；宝贵的 n. 珍宝 previous adj. entrust A to sb 把A托付给（sb.） entrust sb with A 7.entrust vt. 委托，交付 ①All employees ______(entrust) with the care of children are given a police check. ②The committee carried out the duties _________ (entrust) to it. 8. carry sb through sth帮助某人渡过难关 *These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and what carried her through a life of hard choices. *That’s my study plan for the summer holidays, and I’ll try my best to carry it out. *Only when you are in good health can you carry on studying. carry through 完成; 进行到底 carry out 执行, 实行; 贯彻; 实现 carry on 开展; 维持; 继续 carry forward 继承, 弘扬 be/get carried away 激动得忘乎所以 (1)The activity is aimed at carrying ________ the Chinese traditional culture. (2)We should carry ___ the plan strictly and carefully. (3)We hope that more artists will carry ___ and develop the folk art. (4)It was my mother that carried me _______ my hard time in middle school. 9. marriage n. 结婚；婚姻 marry vi./vt. married adj. A marry B= A be /get married to B 10. majority n.大多数;大部分major adj.大的，主要的; vi.主修(+in); n.[C]主修课程 a/the majority of 大多数 in a/the majority 占大多数 ---反义minority n. 少数n.[C]辅修课程 少数派 minor vi.辅修(+in) adj.，次要的 the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数均可。 “the majority of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 “the majority of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 ①The _________(major) of the citizens in that region have been affected by the dust. ②Tom and I have something in common: we both major ______ engineering. ③An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members _______(be) against it. 11.complain (1)complain about...抱怨…… complain (to sb.) that...(向某人)抱怨…… complain to sb.about sth.向某人抱怨某事 (2)complaint n．抱怨a complaint box 意见箱 a letter of complaint 投诉信 make a complaint to sb.about sth.向某人抱怨某事 a flood of complaints大量的投诉 【误区警示】complain的后面不能直接跟sb.作宾语，须加介词to。类似的词还有explain(解释，说明)，announce(宣告)，suggest(建议), apologize, whisper等。 I had to explain to him that I had lost his keys. ①Mothers often complain ______ their children _________ wrestling on the bed. ②He will complain _________ having to do so much paperwork. ③Why don’t you make a _____________(complain) against your noisy neighbors? 12.tuition n. 教学；讲课 tuition fees fare n. e.g. She received private tuition in French. 13. respond vi.& v.回答,回复;vi.作出反应,回应 response n. [C,U],响应;,答复 respond to...(with...)(以……)对……作出反应/回应 answer the door reply to react to respond that... 回答说…… in response to...作为对……的答复/反应 make/ give (no) response to...对……(不)作出反应,对……(不)予以回答 ① Devices that can recognize and respond ______ a human voice have been developed. ② Not everyone acts the same in response ______ events, and that is why what triggers(引起) one person may or may not trigger another. ③ If you do not understand the question asked at a security checkpoint(安检员), ask the person to repeat his question until you are able to respond ________ an accurate answer. 14. union n. student union 学生会 15. scholarship n. 奖学金 win a scholarship 赢得奖学金 He went to that university on a scholarship scholar n 学者 scholarly adj. 1. = academic 2. 有学问的 16. hire vt. hire sb. as … hire sb. to do… 反义--- fire hire sth. out hire oneself out to sb 受雇于 n. bicycles for hire 两种英语长期雇佣、聘用某人用employ，appoint 英国英语: 短期租用hire，出租hire out 长期租用rent，出租rent (out), let (a flat /house) (out) 美国英语：短期或长期租用rent, 出租rent out doctor: dentist: n.牙医 physics: surgeon:外科医生 physicist: 物理学家 17. resident physician 住院医生 18. colleague n 同事，同僚 19. reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用 rejection n. 拒绝接受；否决 reject a(n) offer/ suggestion/ invitation/ application/ decision/ proposal/ plan/ argument/ idea/ applicant = refuse to accept or consider… refuse (sb. / sth. / to do sth.) vt. & vi. 拒绝别人请求、所给之物、做某事 decline (sth./to do sth.) 谢绝, 婉拒 某物、做某事(vt. & vi.) turn sb./sth. down 拒绝 vt. say no (to sb./sth.) 拒绝 vt. & vi. ①He __________ (reject) from the factory because of laziness. ②Although writing a ________ (reject) letter can be difficult, there are situations where it's absolutely necessary. 20. appoint vt. 任命; 委派 ①In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever ________(appoint) director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. ②We appointed him_________(be)president of the club. ③We are considering _________(appoint) him to act as a secretary. ④I left early because I had an _________(appoint)later that day. (1) appoint sb. as/to be . . . 　　　任命某人为…… appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事 (2) appointment n. 任命; 约会 at the appointed/agreed time 在约定的时间 make an appointment with sb. 与某人约会 have an appointment with sb. 与某人有约会keep/break an appointment 守/违约 (do sth.) by appointment 根据预约 21. clinic n. 诊所 22. faraway adj. 遥远的 23.elect vt 选举 election n. elect to do sth.决定做某事 elect sb.as选举某人当 hold/win/lose/run for an election 举行、赢得选举、在选举中失败、参加选举 ①Congratulations! I heard you ___________(elect) as chairman. ②An increasing number of people elect __________(work) at home. ③The year 1789 saw the first ____________(elect) in American history where a majority of people ___________(elect) George Washington ______ the first president. ④Those ________ (elect) to smoke will be seated at a separate carriage. 24. decade n .十年 25. elsewhere adv. 在别处 26.tend vt&vi (1)tend to do/be. . . 　　　 容易/易于/趋向…… tend (to) sb. /sth. 照顾/护理/看护=attend (to) sb./sth =look after, take care of, care for (2)tendency n. 趋向; 倾向 have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做……; 喜欢做…… There is a tendency for sb towards/to (do) sth. 有一种……的趋势/倾向 ①Janet tends ______ (get) angry if you disagree with her. ②It means that more heat energy tends ________ (trap) in the atmosphere ,_______ (cause) the global temperature _______ (go) up. ③I have a tendency __________(talk) too much when nervous. 27. publish vt. 发表；出版 →___________ adj.出版的 n.出版publishing house/company 出版社；出书局 →__________ n.出版商；发行人； ①Whitney ____________(publish) four books in the past ten years. ②It _____________ (publish)in hardback last year. ③The newspaper _________(publish) twice a week. ④Figures ___________ (publish) today show another fall in the rate of inflation ⑤He has spoken to a _____________(publish) company. 28. staff n. 员工；全体职员 medical staff 全体医务人员 teaching staff 全体老师 The staff in this shop are very helpful. V. The centre is staffed by the volunteers 29. retire v. (1) retire from...从……退休(役)/退出 retiree n. 退休人员 (2) retired adj.已退职的；已退休的 retirement n．退休；退职 retire to a villa(别墅)/ one's study/ room/ to write/discuss... 隐退到...（地方）做某事 a retiring doctor 即将退休的医生 a retired doctor 已经退休的医生 take early retirement 提前退休 (announce) one's retirement (from/as...) （宣布）某人（从部门、岗位上）退休 ①After he ___________(retire) from office, Tom took up painting for a while, but soon lost interest. ②When the world-famous tennis player announced her ______________ (retire), she couldn’t help crying. ③He has agreed to struggle on, though he hopes to retire ________ his position. ④They will hold a party in celebration of her ____________(retire)． ⑤The other day a ___________(retire) couple came to my office. 30. saving n. 节省；节约 savings 存款；储蓄金 31. kindergarten n. 学前班；幼儿园 32. principle [C & U] 道德原则; （事物依据的）原则;（机器、自然）原理, 定律 be against/stick to one's principles 违反/坚持某人原则 in principle 在道理/理论上; 基本上, 大体上on principle 根据自己的道德原则或信条 e.g. 1. My mother, ________ guiding principle in life was doing right, had a far greater influence on me. 2._______ principle, we usually don't allow any discount. 33. passive adj.被动的；顺从的；消极的 _________ adv. 被动地；顺从地 →【反】__________ adj.乐观的；积极的/ __________ adj. 主动的；积极的 34.scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓　scary adj.恐怖的；吓人的 scare sb.to death把某人吓得要死 scare sb.away/off把某人吓跑 scare sb.into/out of (doing) sth.吓得某人做/不敢做某事 It scares sb.to do sth.使某人害怕去做某事 scared adj.害怕的，担心的(近义词：afraid/frightened) be scared of...害怕/担心…… be scared to death吓得要死 be scared of doing sth./to do sth.害怕做某事 be scared that...害怕 ①When we are getting excited, angry or __________(scare), our bodies also go through many physical changes. ②The turkey was scared ___________ at the sight of us. ③I really thought I was going to fall—it was a _________(scare) moment. ④The atmosphere was ________ and we felt __________ staying in the room.(scare) 35. sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的；鲜明的；；(语言)尖刻的；剧烈的；急转的　 adv. (用于时间后表示准时)整　 sharply adv.猛烈地；急剧地 sharpen vt.& vi.(使)变得锋利 sharpener n．磨具，削具 a sharp drop in prices: 价格的骤降 a sharp rise in crime: 犯罪率的急剧上升 a sharp increase in unemployment: 失业人数的剧增 ⑦The price of petrol has risen ___________(sharp) since last month. ⑧The pencil doesn’t write well；I should ___________(sharp) it before I draw the great figure. ⑨He was sharp ________ his colleagues when they were late. 36. insurance n.保险；保险业 37. energetic adj. 精力充沛的；充满活力的= dynamic = full of energy (n. energy, adv. energetically)Substitute n.& v. Substitute A for B Substitute B with A 38. .replace vt. 接替; 取代; 更换,更新 ；把... 放回原处 replace sth. with sth. 　用某物替代某物 take the place of =take sb. ’s place 取代 replacement n.代替，取代a replacement for...……的替代品/替补 ① Linda suggests that we get rid of 80% of doctors and replace them ____ robots. ②Old books are like old friends. Once lost, they can never __________(replace).   ③ All the old carpets need _________(replace). ④ Please replace the book _______ the shelf after reading it. 39. accident n. 事故；车祸；失事 accidentally adv. 偶然地 a car /road accident 车祸/交通事故 by accident 偶然地；意外地 I deleted the file by accident. by chanceon purpose by design 40.operation n. 手术；企业；经营 do/perform an operation (on sb.) (给某人)做手术 in operation工作中；有效 put sth. into operation实施 operate vi.运转；动手术 vt.操作 operator n．操作员，经营者 ①The nurse tended the boy so carefully that he recovered from his heart ________ (operate) soon. ②The new rules will be ________ operation soon. ③To our great joy, the new machine is really easy ________ (operate). 41.whisper vi. & vt.悄声说；耳语；低语　n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传 whisper sth. into one’s ear 在某人耳边低声说某事 in a whisper/in whispers 低声地 whisper (to sb.) about sth. that 宾从 低声（对某人）说... ① They talked with each other _______ a whisper in the corner. ② They heard ______ whisper of leaves. 42. midnight n at midnight 43. import n.& vt. 44. export n&vt. import...from... (into/to...) 从...进口/引进某物（到某地） export...(from...) to...把... (从...) 出口/传播/输出到（某地） the import/export of (live cattle) (活牛)进口/出口 oil imports from...来之...的进口（石油） / exports to Asia 出口到(亚洲)的商品 ①The company has to pay custom duties on all ________. (import) ②Rich countries benefited from ________(import) oil from west Asia. ③Fish __________(import) and frozen, which keep prices low. ④At the same time the price of food, most of which ____________ (import), has continued to rise. 45. pole n. 地极 polar adj. 46. lap n. (做着时的)大腿部； (跑道) 一圈 on the lap the fastest lap on the record 47.bite vt. & vi. 咬；叮；蜇 bite-bit-bitten n. 咬下的一口；咬伤；简单的一餐；寒意 It is wise to bite your tongue on controversial issues.对有争议的话题还是忍住不说为妙。 take a bite of 吃一口 biting adj. 刺骨的；凛冽的 be bitten by…: 对……着迷；热衷于 ①Once ______ (bite), twice shy. 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。 ② We can have a quick _____ (bite) before we go to school. ③The sun is shining but there is a ______ (bite) wind. ④（翻译）My friend Alex called me up and said that he'd been bitten by the travel . 48. lip n. 嘴唇 49. assist vt. = help assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 assist sb. in (doing) sth. 帮助某人（做）某事 assist sb. with sth. 在某事上帮助某人 assistance [əˈsɪstəns] n. come to one’s assistance 帮助某人 with one’s assistance = with the assistance of= with the help of assistant [əˈsɪstənt] n. 助手；助理；助教；售货员 adj. 助理的；副的 assistant professor 副教授 ①Despite his cries, no one came to his __________(assist). ②When the shop is busy, he employs an _________ (assist). 50. first aid n 急救 first aid kit aid (1)n.[U]帮助,援助(完成某工作所需的)帮助,助手,辅助物 (2)v.帮助,援助 come to one's aid 来帮助某人 in aid of..为了帮助…… with the aid of...在……的帮助下 aid(sb./sth.)in doing sth.帮助(某人/某物)做某事 aid sb. in/with sth.在某方面帮助某人 ①The country's economic recovery ______________(aid) by increased international trade in the last five months. ② Holker once again opens its gardens ______aid of the disadvantaged. ③________ the aid of our teachers, we learned how to give first aid. ④The man is very kind-hearted, who always aids the students ________ money. 51. pass away 去世；消失 pass by 通过；经过 pass sth. down 流传 pass sth. on to sb 把.....递给；传给 pass sb/oneself off as 装作；假装 52. chairman n.主席；主持人；董事长 53.memory n. 记忆力; 回忆 *Legend holds that this festival is in memory of Qu Yuan, a great poet during the Warring States Period. *To make the trip memorable, knowing some famous attractions ahead of time is necessary. (1)in memory of　作为对……的纪念 (2)memorable adj. 值得纪念的; 值得回忆的 ①Before their departure, we took a group picture _______ memory of this rewarding activity. ②Visiting strange places and reading good books will make your winter vacation a __________(memory)experience. 归纳拓展 "in+n.+of"型的其他短语: in praise of 称赞,歌颂 in possession of 拥有 in search of 寻找 in favour of 支持.赞同 in charge of 负责;管理 in need of 需要 in control of 控制 in aid of... 为了帮助…… in support of 支持 in case of 假使，如果 in terms of 就…而言 in honour of...为向…表示敬意 54.chain n. 链子；链条； 一连串 55. cafe n. 咖啡馆；小餐馆 56. waitress n. 女服务员 57. pregnant adj. 怀孕的；妊娠的 58. disguise vt. 装扮; 假扮; 掩盖 n. 伪装; 化装用具 disguise one's voice/ identify/ feelings/ anxiety...掩饰，掩盖 (某人声音/身份/情感/焦虑/...) in disguise　　 化了装地; 乔装改扮地 there’s no disguising the fact that ……是掩盖不了的事实 A blessing in disguise. 因祸得福。(这一成语说明祸福相连) disguise oneself (in sth./as sb.) （动作）（穿着...衣服)（把自己）装扮、伪装（成别人） be disguised (in sth./as sb.) （状态） （穿着...衣服) 装扮、伪装（成别人） be heavily disguised 伪装的严严实实 =wear heavy disguises ①The soldiers ________(disguise) themselves as ordinary civilians in post office uniforms ②The extremists entered the building _________(disguise)as medical workers. 59. maple n. 枫树 60. cart n. 手推车； 运货马车 61.spill (water/milk/coffee…) everywhere/over/on/ down/out of... vt. & vi. （使液体或液体般的） 溅、洒、泼、溢到各处/...上面/顺着下面... He slipped (滑到) and spilled the wine. (crowds)spill from/out of/into/(the cinema) = flood/crowd/pour... 从...涌出、涌进... (spilled, spilled; spilt, spilt) e.g As the old saying goes, it is no use crying over _______(spill) milk. 62. trip over/on sth Someone will trip over that cable. 63. limp vi. limp away in tears 哭着一瘸一拐地走了 limp off the field with a foot injury 带着脚伤一瘸一拐地走下球场 64. tear [tɪə(r)] n. 眼泪，泪水 v. 撕裂，撕破 tear-tore-torn tearful adj. in tears 流着泪，含着泪 be moved to tears 感动得落泪 burst into tears= burst out crying fight back the tears=hold back the tears强忍住眼泪 tear up 撕碎；撕毁 tear down 拆毁，推倒（建筑物） tear apart tear oneself away from sth. He can’t tear himself away from his cellphone. 65. despair[dɪˈspeə(r)] n. 绝望 v. 绝望，丧失信心 →despairing adj.令人绝望的 →despaired adj.感到绝望的 →despairingly 绝望地= in despair 处于绝望之中 V despair of 对……感到绝望 ①He flashed her a __________ glance. (despair) ②They despaired ____ winning the game. 66.harm n. & vt. 伤害; 损害 *As is known to all, playing games online does harm to the younger generation. *There is no harm in saying sorry to her first. *Too much noise is harmful to pregnant women. (1) do harm to sb. /sth. =do sb. /sth. harm 对某人/某物有害 There is no harm in doing sth. 做某事无害 (2) harmful adj. 有害的 be harmful to 对……有害 harmless adj. 无害的 ①Eating and drinking too much and so on will surely do harm __ their health. ②The air pollution is very serious, so taking outdoor exercise may be ________(harm) to our health. ③I think this kind of behaviour is normal and ________(harm). ④As parents, they have responsibility to make sure we won’t _________(harm).   67.might n. mighty adj. mightily adv =very, very much ①I pushed the stone with all my might. mightily impressive/ relieved ②Might is right. 强权即公理 68. a great deal of + 不可数名词 常用于修饰不可数名词的单词和词组： much; a bit of; (an)(large)amount of/ amounts of 许多，大量”的其他表达 It is reported that many a new house ___________(build) at present in this area. many a/an + 可数名词单数（作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式） 2. Now, plenty of gas _________ (need) for the increasing cars. plenty of/lots of +可数名词复数或不可数名词 （单复数取决于of后的名词） 3. Large amounts of money ___________(spend) buying books last year. a large amount of/large amounts of + 不可数名词（单复数取决于amount） 4. A good many foreigners ____ (pay) a visit to the Great Wall every year. (a good/great) many/a number of/quite a few +可数名词复数（用复数形式） 69. fable n. 寓言；寓言故事 70. court n. 球场；法庭 71.flexible adj. 灵活的；可变通的 ① People entering the job market today must be far more flexible. ② They are willing to be flexible on a few points. flexibly adv. 灵活地，柔韧地 flexibility n. 灵活性 ①His poor method of learning made him unable to deal with the problems _________(flexible). ②This simplicity provides programmers with freedom and _________(flexible). 72. income n.收入；收益 73. per prep .每；每一 73. therefore adv. 因此 He is only 7 years old and therefore not able to take care of himself. 类似： thus ； hence 74. tension [U] 紧张情绪; [usu. pl] （人或国间的）紧张关系、局势(between...and...) tense adj. (人)感到紧张的; (事)令人紧张的 a tense atmosphere/situation reduce/relieve/ease tension 缓解紧张心情，减压 tension(s) between doctors and patients racial/political/social tension(s) 种族...紧张关系 feel tense=suffer from tension 感到紧张 75.disagree with 不同意,与……有分歧;不一致;不适应[思考感知] (1)disagree vi. 不同意;有分歧;不一致 disagree with sb.on/about/over sth. 与某人在某方面有分歧 disagree with sb. (食物或天气)使某人身体不适 (2)disagreement n. 分歧;争论;不一致 in disagreement with 与……不符合;与……不一致 [应用融会] (1) I disagree ________ you on how to decorate the house. (2) They have had several_____________(disagree) with their neighbors. (3) To be frank, I disagree with you _____________the matter. 9/9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $