主题语境 第7单元 自然生态与环境保护 限时训练-2026届高三英语一轮复习专项
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密 ○ 封 ○ 装 ○ 订 ○ 线 密 ○ 封 ○ 装 ○ 订 ○ 线
密 封 线 内 不 要 答 题
限时训练2
限时30分钟
Ⅰ 阅读理解
Passage 1
The sport of tennis has a problem with waste that many players do not even recognize each time they open a new container of game balls. Major professional tennis competitions go through nearly 100,000 balls during two weeks of play. Almost all of the 330 million balls produced each year end up in waste landfills. Once there, it can take as long as 400 years for the balls to break down.
Tennis is incredibly environmentally-destructive because the balls are not recyclable. The balls' outer soft layer, called the felt (毛毡), is strongly attached to a soft center. The felt is a combination of wool and nylon which cannot be recycled. In addition, the center of top-level balls is made of rubber from rubber trees. Rubber harvesting menaces forests and biodiversity. Once the balls are produced, they are packaged in thick plastic or aluminum containers with a metal lid and a plastic cap. Companies will intentionally use non-recyclable plastic because the recyclable kind will leak pressure. After the balls have been produced and packaged, they will get shipped all around the world. This series of events will release 1.2 pounds of carbon emissions per ball.
The International Tennis Federation (ITF) is a governing body of professional tennis. Last year the ITF brought together producers, tennis officials and recyclers to begin working on the tennis ball issue, looking for solutions. And some steps have been taken to reduce and reuse balls. Currently, professional players change to a new set of balls after the first seven games and then after every nine games. Individual used balls sometimes become playthings for dogs or are reused in other small ways. Huge numbers of used balls can also be crushed (压碎) to pieces for use as building materials, like flooring. However, it is a long way to go to enjoy an environmentally-friendly tennis match.
1.Why are the figures of balls listed in paragraph 1?
A.To stress their harm to the environment.
B.To state disapproval of the sport rules.
C.To indicate how popular tennis is.
D.To suggest avoiding playing tennis.
2.What does the underlined word “menaces” in paragraph 2 mean?
A.Threatens. B.Enriches. C.Benefits. D.Removes.
3.What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A.Plans made for the future. B.Efforts taken to solve the problem.
C.Organizations founded to work on the issue. D.Resolutions adopted to improve the quality.
4.What is the author's attitude to the future use of eco-friendly tennis balls?
A.Doubtful. B.Dismissive. C.Objective. D.Unclear.
Passage 2
Nothing earns attention like rarity. In the natural world, rarity is most clearly represented by the last members of a declining species. These scarce (稀有的) plants and animals are extremely valuable:they represent the final hope for preventing extinction. The efforts toward conserving rare species have made an enormous difference. In the past few decades, declines of many endangered plants and animals have been reversed (逆转). But the attention to scarcity could come at the expense of overlooking the ordinary.
If we are to conserve nature, we must maintain our focus on the familiar. Increasingly, conservation is turning its sights in this direction—to safeguard what is common, not just what is rare.
There are good reasons to consider the common. A study of North American birds uncovered that we had lost three billion birds on this continent within the past two generations.
These declines include species once considered widespread and secure, like the common redpoll, whose numbers are down by 29 million and the common nighthawk, down by 26 million. The shocking losses are a reminder that the mark of a species in trouble is not rarity, but the rate of decline.
Notably, the shifts in an abundance of common species can translate into sizeable shifts in ecosystem functioning. One caribou herd (北美驯鹿群), numbering the hundreds of thousands, removes millions of kilograms of food for animals every year and returns nutrients to the soil in the form of millions of kilograms of animal wastes.
The value of common species is not just ecological and economic, but psychological. Study after study demonstrates that encounters with the natural world improve our mental state. Losing familiar species—whether birds in our backyard or butterflies on our doorstep—is likely to shrink (减少) such opportunities for engagement.
Rarity will always occupy a significant place in conservation. But in our pursuit of a sustainable and biodiverse future, we must avoid “the extinction of commonness”.
5.What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A.To make a survey. B.To offer a suggestion. C.To introduce the topic. D.To provide an example.
6.What does the example of bird study suggest according to the text?
A.Species loss balances the ecosystem.
B.Birds produce many nutrients to the soil.
C.Species rates of decline arouse people's concern.
D.Birds are described as widespread and secure animals.
7.What can we conclude from the passage?
A.Rarity matters most in conservation.
B.Familiar species shouldn't be ignored.
C.Biodiversity results in the extinction of commonness.
D.People's physical state worsens for the sustainable development.
8.Where is this text most probably taken from?
A.A news report. B.A health column. C.A biology magazine. D.A travel brochure.
Ⅱ 七选五
Earth's natural resources include air, water, soil, minerals, fuels, plants, and animals. Conservation is the practice of caring for these resources, and all living things can benefit from it.
All the things we need to survive on, such as food, water, air, and shelter, come from natural resources. Some of these resources, like small plants, can be replaced quickly after they are used. Others, like large trees, take a long time to replace. 1. Other resources, such as fossil fuels, cannot be replaced at all. Once used up, they are gone forever. These are non-renewable resources.
People often waste natural resources. Animals are overhunted. Forests are cleared, exposing land to wind and water damage. If resources are carelessly managed, many will be used up. If used wisely, however, some resources will last much longer. 2.
The population of human beings has grown enormously in the past two centuries. Billions of people use up resources quickly as they eat food, build houses, produce goods, and burn fuel for transportation and electricity. 3.
The need to conserve resources often conflicts with other needs. 4. A timber (木材) company may want to harvest the area's trees for construction materials. A business may want to build a factory or shopping mall on the land.
5. When we use the environment properly to ensure we have resources for the future, it is called sustainable development. There are many different resources we need to conserve in order to live sustainably.
A.These are renewable resources.
B.The pursuit of development often requires greater investment.
C.Actually, development and conservation can coexist in harmony.
D.The products and benefits we get from nature rely on biodiversity.
E.For some people, a wooded area may be a good place to run a farm.
F.The continuation of life depends on the careful use of natural resources.
G.Through conservation, people can reduce waste and manage natural resources wisely.
Ⅲ 完形填空
Kathy Xu, a high school teacher, had always wanted to see a shark in the wild. The opportunity finally 1 in 2011, when she went on a snorkelling trip to the Ningaloo Reef. She was so inspired by its beauty and grace that tears 2 to her eyes.
After returning home, Xu learned about the shark trade 3 at one of Indonesia's largest fish markets, on the island of Lombok. Shark parts including meat, cartilage(软骨) and teeth are cut up for export. The most prized are the fins, which 4 high prices.
Curious, Xu 5 her bags and headed to the fish market. There, she spoke with several fishermen. Shark fishing is 6 risky and involves hard physical work, but it is one of few ways for them to 7 for their families. “I told them I'd pay them to take 8 out to see these snorkelling havens,” she says. Together, Xu and the fishermen came up with the idea of snorkelling boat trips, and a deal was 9 .
In late 2012, Xu 10 her full-time job to focus on building The Dorsal Effect, an ecotourism business that she hoped would help save the declining shark 11 . In 2019, Xu found a female Rhynchobatus cooki, a relative of the shark. The species had not been seen for more than 20 years and was believed to be 12 . The discovery gave scientists hope, and it could be 13 for an in-depth conservation study.
In the past decade, global demand for shark fins has 14 —a promising result of conservation campaigns. For now, Kathy, 41, is proud of the small changes she sees happening on Lombok, from the fishermen who now have a new way to 15 an income to the schoolchildren who learn about sharks on tours with The Dorsal Effect.
1.A.existed B.approached C.came D.scheduled
2.A.bounced B.sprang C.raised D.fell
3.A.taking place B.coming along C.taking off D.coming out
4.A.cut B.pay C.agree D.fetch
5.A.purchased B.filled C.packed D.opened
6.A.slightly B.rarely C.terribly D.partly
7.A.care B.provide C.account D.strive
8.A.competitors B.tourists C.hosts D.participants
9.A.changed B.discussed C.canceled D.made
10.A.continued B.accomplished C.lost D.quit
11.A.population B.life C.species D.production
12.A.extinct B.missing C.valueless D.hidden
13.A.knowledge B.grounds C.necessities D.stress
14.A.declined B.increased C.firmed D.boomed
15.A.offer B.distribute C.use D.earn
答案全解全析
限时训练2
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Passage 1
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了网球造成的环境污染问题以及目前所做的努力。
1.A 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Major professional tennis competitions ... it can take as long as 400 years for the balls to break down.”可知,在为期两周的大型职业网球比赛中,会使用近10万个球;每年生产的3.3亿个球中,几乎所有的球最终都会被丢弃在垃圾填埋场。一旦到了那里,这些球可能需要长达400年的时间才能分解。据此可知,作者在第一段列出有关球的数字是为了强调这些球被浪费之后,对环境造成了极大的危害。故选A。
2.A 词义猜测题。根据上文可知,网球对环境具有极大的破坏性,因为网球不可回收。网球外层柔软的材质被称为毛毡,它与球芯紧密相连。毛毡是由羊毛和尼龙混合制成,无法回收。此外,顶级网球的球芯是由橡胶树的橡胶制成。据此可知,网球会破坏环境,网球的球芯是由橡胶制成的,大量砍伐橡胶树会威胁到森林和生物多样性。由此可知,画线词“menaces”意为“威胁”。故选A。
3.B 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Last year the ITF brought...working on the tennis ball issue, looking for solutions...some steps have been taken to reduce and reuse balls.”可知,国际网球联合会将生产商、网球裁判员和回收商聚集在一起,开始着手解决网球的问题,寻找解决方案,并且已经采取了一些措施来减少和再利用网球。据此可知,本段主要讲述为解决网球的问题所做的努力。故选B。
4.C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“And some steps have been taken to reduce and reuse balls.”和“However, it is a long way to go to enjoy an environmentally-friendly tennis match.”可知,已经采取了一些措施,但是要享受一场环保的网球比赛还有很长的路要走。据此可推知,作者对未来使用环保网球是持客观态度的。故选C。
Passage 2
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了保护稀有物种和普通物种的重要性,指出在过去的几十年里,许多濒危动植物的数量下降趋势已经逆转。但是,对稀缺性的关注可能是以忽视普通物种为代价的。所以,濒危物种的标志不是稀有,而是减少的速度。我们需要保护普通物种,而不仅仅是稀有物种。
5.C 推理判断题。最后一段最后一句“但是,在我们追求可持续和生物多样性的未来时,我们必须避免‘普通的灭绝’。”与第一段最后一句“但是,对稀缺性的关注可能是以忽视普通物种为代价的”前后呼应,说明“避免普通物种的灭绝”为本文的话题。第一段的作用是引入该话题。故选C。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“The shocking losses are a reminder that the mark of a species in trouble is not rarity, but the rate of decline.”可知,这些令人震惊的减少提醒我们,濒危物种的标志不是稀有,而是减少的速度。由此可见,鸟类研究的例子说明这些物种的减少速度引起了人们的关注。故选C。
7.B 细节理解题。根据第六段内容可知,普通物种的价值不仅仅是生态和经济上的,还有心理上的,与自然世界的接触改善了我们的精神状态,失去熟悉的物种可能会减少这种接触的机会。所以熟悉的物种不应该被忽视。故选B。
8.C 推理判断题。根据第5题的解析可知,本文的话题是“避免普通物种的灭绝”或者是“普通物种的保护”,这与生物学相关。所以,本文可能来自生物杂志。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球上的自然资源包括空气、水、土壤、矿物、燃料、植物和动物。保护是爱护这些资源的做法,所有生物都能从中受益,而且发展和保护可以和谐共存。
①通读全文,把握文章大意和文章结构
②通读选项,了解各选项的中心点,画出关键词
A.These are renewable resources.(可再生资源)
B.The pursuit of development often requires greater investment.(需要更多的投资)
C.Actually, development and conservation can coexist in harmony.(和谐共存)
D.The products and benefits we get from nature rely on biodiversity.(依赖于生物多样性)
E.For some people, a wooded area may be a good place to run a farm.(经营农场)
F.The continuation of life depends on the careful use of natural resources.(对自然资源的谨慎利用)
G.Through conservation, people can reduce waste and manage natural resources wisely.(减少浪费,明智地管理自然资源)
③把选项一一代入文章空处,寻找每个题最适合的选项
1.A 根据前两句可知,其中一些资源,如小型植物,在使用后可以迅速更新;其他的,比如大树,需要很长时间更新。据此可知,此处是在谈论可再生资源,因此A项“这些是可再生资源。”符合语境,故选A。
2.G 根据段首句可知,人们经常浪费自然资源;结合空处前两句可知,如果粗心地管理资源,很多资源就会被用完;不过,如果明智地使用,一些资源会持续更长的时间。G项“通过保护资源,人们可以减少浪费,明智地管理自然资源。”总结概括上文提到的资源浪费和资源管理,符合语境,故选G。
3.F 根据前文可知,在过去的两个世纪里,人口急剧增长;数十亿人在吃东西、盖房子、生产商品、为运输和发电而燃烧燃料的过程中,迅速地耗尽了资源。据此可知,前文说明人口增长,资源被迅速耗尽,因此接下来讲述为了生命的延续,人们理应谨慎使用资源,故F项“生命的延续取决于对自然资源的谨慎使用。”符合语境,故选F。
4.E 根据前文“The need to conserve resources often conflicts with other needs.”可知,保护资源的需要常常与其他需要相冲突。根据后文“A timber company may want to harvest the area's trees for construction materials.”可知,木材公司可能想要收获该地区的树木作为建筑材料。据此可知,此处是在举例说明保护和发展之间的冲突,因此E项“对一些人来说,树木繁茂的地区可能是经营农场的好地方。”符合语境,故选E。
5.C 根据下文可知,当我们正确地利用环境,以确保我们有未来的资源时,这被称为可持续发展。为了可持续地生活,我们需要保护许多不同的资源。据此可知,此处总结上文,引出可持续发展的概念,因此C项“实际上,发展和保护可以和谐共存。”符合语境,故选C。
Ⅲ.完形填空
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述高中教师Kathy Xu之前一直想去野外看鲨鱼,2011年,当她去宁加洛珊瑚礁潜水时,机会终于来了。她被鲨鱼的美丽和优雅打动,以至于泪水夺眶而出。这次回来之后,她开始了解鲨鱼贸易的一些情况,创建了生态旅游业务,开始了挽救鲨鱼的行动。
1.C 句意:2011年,当她去宁加洛珊瑚礁潜水时,机会终于来了。根据空前“The opportunity finally”可知,此处指机会终于来了。故选C。exist存在;approach靠近;come来;schedule计划。
2.B 句意:她被它的美丽和优雅打动,以至于泪水夺眶而出。根据空前tears以及空后to her eyes可知,此处指她眼里一下子涌出了泪水。spring to表示“突然出现或来到……”。故选B。bounce弹跳;spring突然出现(或来到),涌出;raise提升;fall掉落。
3.A 句意:回家之后,Xu了解到发生在印度尼西亚龙目岛上的一个最大的鱼市上的鲨鱼贸易。根据空前“the shark trade”可知,此处指发生在印度尼西亚龙目岛上的一个最大的鱼市上的鲨鱼贸易。故选A。take place发生,进行;come along出现,跟随;take off起飞,脱下;come out出来,出版。
4.D 句意:最珍贵的是鳍,售价很高。根据空后high prices可知,此处指售价很高。故选D。cut切;pay付钱;agree同意;fetch售得(某个价钱)。
5.C 句意:在好奇心的驱使下,Xu收拾好行李,前往鱼市。根据空后“her bags and headed to the fish market”以及下文“There, she spoke with several fishermen.(在那里,她和几个渔民进行了交谈)”可知,她收拾行李去了鱼市。故选C。purchase购买;fill填充;pack打包,收拾;open打开。
6.C 句意:捕捞鲨鱼非常危险并且需要艰苦的体力劳动,但这是他们为数不多的养家糊口的方式之一。根据空后risky以及与其构成转折的后半句“but it is one of few ways for them to 7 for their families”可知,捕捞鲨鱼非常危险。故选C。 slightly轻微地;rarely稀少地,罕见地;terribly非常,很;partly部分地。
7.B 句意同上。根据下文“For now, Kathy, 41, is proud of the small changes she sees happening on Lombok, from the fishermen who now have a new way to 15 an income to the schoolchildren who learn about sharks on tours with The Dorsal Effect.(目前,41岁的Kathy对她看到的在龙目岛上发生的微小变化感到自豪,从现在有了新的收入来源的渔民们,到在The Dorsal Effect的游览中了解了鲨鱼的学生们。)”可知,此处指渔民捕捞鲨鱼卖钱来养家糊口。provide for one's family表示“供养家庭”。故选B。care for照顾;provide for提供生活所需;account for解释;strive for为……而努力。
8.B 句意为“她说:‘我告诉他们我会付钱让他们带游客去看这些浮潜的地方(鲨鱼出没的地方)。’”根据下文“In late 2012, Xu 10 her full-time job to focus on building The Dorsal Effect, an ecotourism business that she hoped would help save the declining shark 11 .(在2012年底的时候,Xu辞去了她的全职工作,集中精力创建了The Dorsal Effect,一个生态旅游企业,她希望这个企业能够帮助拯救数量日益减少的鲨鱼。)”可知,此处指带游客看鲨鱼。故选B。competitor竞争者;tourist游客;host主持人;participant参与者。
9.D 句意:Xu和渔民们一起想出了浮潜船旅行的主意,一个交易由此达成。make a deal表示“达成交易”,符合句意。故选D。change改变;discuss讨论;cancel取消;make做,达成。
10.D 句意:在2012年底的时候,Xu辞去了她的全职工作,集中精力创建了The Dorsal Effect,一个生态旅游企业,她希望这个企业能够帮助拯救数量日益减少的鲨鱼。根据空后“her full-time job to focus on building The Dorsal Effect”可知,此处表示辞去了全职工作。故选D。continue继续;accomplish完成,实现;lose失去;quit辞职。
11.A 句意同上。根据空前“save the declining shark”可知,此处指拯救数量日益减少的鲨鱼。故选A。population人口数量,动物数量;life生命,生活;species物种;production生产。
12.A 句意:这个物种已经二十多年没有出现了,被认为已经灭绝了。根据上文“The species had not been seen for more than 20 years(这个物种已经二十多年没有出现了)”可知,此处指这个物种被认为已经灭绝了。故选A。extinct灭绝的;missing丢失的;valueless无价值的;hidden隐藏的。
13.B 句意:这个发现给了科学家希望,可以作为用来进行深入的保护研究的根据。根据上文“In 2019, Xu found a female Rhynchobatus cooki, a relative of the shark.”可知,Xu的这个发现给了科学家希望,可以作为研究的根据。故选B。knowledge知识;ground根据,充分的理由;necessity必要,必然;stress压力。
14.A 句意:在过去的十年里,全球对鱼翅的需求已经下降了——这是保护运动的一个有希望的结果。根据空后“a promising result of conservation campaigns”可知,此处表示全球对鱼翅的需求已经下降。故选A。decline减少,下降;increase增加;firm 使坚固;boom激增。
15.D 句意:目前,41岁的Kathy对她看到的在龙目岛上发生的微小变化感到自豪,从现在有了新的收入来源的渔民们,到在The Dorsal Effect的游览中了解了鲨鱼的学生们。根据空后“an income”可知,此处表示赚钱。故选D。offer提供;distribute分发;use使用;earn赚取,挣得。
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密 ○ 封 ○ 装 ○ 订 ○ 线 密 ○ 封 ○ 装 ○ 订 ○ 线
密 封 线 内 不 要 答 题
限时训练3
限时40分钟
Ⅰ 阅读理解
Passage 1
A start-up based in England has won one of the world's most significant awards for improving the health of the oceans, thanks to its pioneering work on a groundbreaking solution to catching and recycling microfibres (微纤维) filtered out from washing machines.
Competing against 200 businesses from 54 countries, the British green-tech business Cleaner Seas Group (CSG) succeeded in winning The Ocean Impact Pitchfest Award in Australia in November 2023 with its IndiTM home microfibre filter.
Since it was launched, CSG's IndiTM home microfibre filter has been making significant waves. Dave Miller, CEO of CSG, said, “It has been a fantastic year for us. We are at a hugely exciting growth stage. Increased awareness of the need for microplastic reduction presents a huge opportunity for us to make a difference.”
Dave Miller added, “Everyone in the company has a personal connection to the ocean. We are surfers and wild swimmers and we feel enthusiastic about keeping the oceans free of microplastics. Our filter technology has the potential to significantly reduce microfibre pollution, helping to reduce the microplastic in the water we drink, the food we eat and the air we breathe.”
James Sirmon, technical director of CSG, explained, “Our filter cartridge (套筒) contains a roll of microfibre-collecting filter paper. The in-built sensor technology detects when each section of the filter paper is full. A warning light system indicates when the cartridge or batteries need replacing or when a filter unit doesn't work. We have designed the product to fit all washing machines worldwide, so it is a global solution to a global problem.”
Tim Silverwood, co-founder at Ocean Impact Organisation said: “The team at CSG should be enormously proud of this achievement. We look forward to seeing their future impact across the globe. The future looks bright for CSG!”
1.What can be learned about CSG?
A.It is based in Australia. B.It is a recycling center.
C.It has branches in 54 countries. D.It is a newly-founded company.
2.Which can replace the underlined words in paragraph 3?
A.Following the trend. B.Breaking new ground.
C.Playing it safe. D.Causing great troubles.
3.Why does Dave Miller mention his workmates in paragraph 4?
A.To explain how they put lots of effort into the filter.
B.To prove they have great potential to do big things.
C.To stress that everyone is inseparable from the ocean.
D.To show they're enthusiastic about their company.
4.How does the microfibre filter work according to James Sirmon?
A.It is driven by wind power. B.It has a faulty alarm indicator.
C.It has a roll of toilet paper inside. D.It is designed for certain machines.
Passage 2
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it's a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions(排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.
5.What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1?
A.It guarantees the variety of food. B.It requires day-to-day care.
C.It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D.It relies on farmer's markets.
6.What information does the convenient app offer?
A.Real-time weather changes. B.Current condition of the plants.
C.Chemical pollutants in the soil. D.Availability of pre-seeded pods.
7.What can be concluded about BMF employees?
A.They have a great passion for sports. B.They are devoted to community service.
C.They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D.They have a strong environmental awareness.
8.What does the text mainly talk about?
A.BMF's major strengths. B.BMF's general management.
C.BMF's global influence. D.BMF's technical standards.
Ⅱ 完形填空
After observing a few big falls from a tree, the Morgan family knew that there were two baby squirrels that needed a bit of extra 1 . When the Morgans saw a dead squirrel nearby, they 2 that these two sweethearts were likely orphans. Father Keith and his daughter Riley took the 3 to offer help. They moved the babies into a rabbit cage to bring them back to health. They became 4 family members, receiving the names Chip and Dale.
Keith did a bit of research, and the family 5 the babies Pedialyte (电解质水) to help them. While Chip 6 passed away despite the extra care, Dale held on tightly. He responded well to the food and care the Morgans 7 and soon got strong enough to leave the cage.
But then something 8 happened. Dale kept coming back!
“Little by little he would go up in a tree, climb up to play, and then come back down to stay with us,” Riley 9 . “OK. If he wants to stick around, we'll build him a 10 in the tree. Riley is a big fan of Whataburger (a fast food restaurant) and we decided to 11 that design into Dale's home,” said Father Keith.
On July 10, Keith uploaded a picture of the squirrel home to a Whataburger group online, and the content 12 steam. Over a thousand people shared the 13 , and the comment section was full of delight and awe. While Dale hasn't stopped home to 14 in a while, the Morgan family knows he's out there making the most of his life. Dale serves as a(n) 15 that a little extra care can make a big difference!
1.A.survival B.rest C.support D.control
2.A.responded B.realized C.recalled D.argued
3.A.lead B.place C.right D.risk
4.A.random B.official C.mature D.active
5.A.told B.asked C.bathed D.fed
6.A.secretly B.specifically C.unfortunately D.temporarily
7.A.required B.obtained C.preferred D.provided
8.A.unnecessary B.uncertain C.unexpected D.unavoidable
9.A.announced B.observed C.predicted D.admitted
10.A.house B.statue C.pond D.circle
11.A.persuade B.channel C.stretch D.force
12.A.picked up B.took on C.made up D.missed out
13.A.claim B.factor C.image D.steam
14.A.help B.judge C.hide D.visit
15.A.adviser B.warning C.sensor D.reminder
Ⅲ 书面表达
为了迎接世界骑行日,上周日你校开展了主题为“骑向绿色未来”的城市绿道骑行活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报道,内容包括:
1.活动目的;
2.活动内容;
3.活动反响。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:世界骑行日 World Cycling Day;城市绿道 the Urban Greenway
Cycling to a Greener Future
答案
限时训练3
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Passage 1
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一家英国初创企业因其开创性的工作——捕捉和回收洗衣机中过滤出的微纤维,而赢得了世界上最重要的改善海洋健康的奖项之一。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中“A start-up based in England has won one of the world's most significant awards for improving the health of the oceans”可知,一家位于英国的初创公司因其开创性的工作而获得了世界上最重要的改善海洋健康的奖项之一,结合第二段内容可知,CSG是一家新成立的公司。故选D。
2.B 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文可知,CSG首席执行官Dave Miller表示:“对我们来说,这是极好的一年。我们正处于一个非常激动人心的成长阶段。人们越来越意识到减少微塑料的必要性,这为我们提供了一个巨大的机会,让我们有所作为。”由此推测,CSG的微纤维过滤器产生了积极的作用,结合选项可知B项“Breaking new ground(开辟新天地)”可以替换making significant waves。故选B。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第四段Dave Miller所说的话可知,Dave Miller认为,公司的每个人都与海洋有个人联系。我们是冲浪者和野泳者,我们对保护海洋免受微塑料的侵害充满热情。我们的过滤技术有可能显著减少微纤维污染,有助于减少我们喝的水、吃的食物和呼吸的空气中的微塑料。据此可推知,Dave Miller提到他的同事是为了强调每个人都离不开海洋。故选C。
4.B 细节理解题。
根据题干中的关键词“James Sirmon”定位至倒数第二段。
根据James Sirmon解释的话可知,他们的过滤套筒内含一卷收集微纤维的过滤纸。内置的传感器技术能够检测到过滤纸的每一部分何时填满。一个警示灯系统会在过滤套筒或电池需要更换,或者过滤元件出现故障时发出提示。他们设计的产品适用于全球所有洗衣机,因此它是解决这一全球性问题的全球性方案。据此可知,根据James Sirmon的说法,微纤维过滤器有一个故障报警指示器。故选B。
Passage 2
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型室内农场——巴比伦微型农场(BMF)的特点,尤其介绍了其对环境的好处。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.”可知,巴比伦微型农场(BMF)缩短了旅程,故选C。
6.B 细节理解题。
根据题干中的关键词“convenient app”定位至第三段第三句。
根据“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.”可知,还有一个方便的应用程序,可以实时提供生长数据,据此可知,该程序能提供植物的实时情况,故选B。
7.D 推理判断题。
根据题干中的关键词“BMF employees”定位至最后一段。
根据“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.”和“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment”可知,BMF的员工在日常生活中践行可持续发展,他们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。据此可推知,BMF的员工具有强烈的环保意识,故选D。
8.A 主旨大意题。本文为事物介绍类文章,其结构为:
Para. 1
引入关于BMF的话题
Para. 2
简单介绍BMF的概念
Para. 3
介绍BMF的原理及优点
Para. 4
BMF意味着零排放,不会污染环境
Para. 5
介绍BMF员工的环保意识
通读全文可知,本文分别从可缩短运输路程、保证新鲜蔬菜供应、节水和可持续发展方面介绍了巴比伦微型农场的优势。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Morgan一家人救助了小松鼠Dale,并为其建造房屋,在网上发布照片以后,他们走红网络,受到人们的称赞和关注。他们的故事提醒人们:一点额外的关爱可以带来很大的不同!
1.C 根据上文“After observing a few big falls from a tree”可知,Morgan一家看到两只小松鼠几次从树上掉下来,知道它们需要帮助。survival幸存;rest休息;support帮助,支持;control控制。故选C。
2.B 根据语境可知,当他们看到一只死松鼠时,他们意识到这两只小松鼠可能要成为孤儿。respond回应;realize意识到;recall回忆起;argue争论。故选B。
3.A 根据下文“They moved the babies into a rabbit cage to bring them back to health.”可知,父亲Keith和女儿Riley带头提供帮助,把松鼠移到了兔笼里。take the lead带头行动;take the place代替;take the right向右转;take the risk冒险。故选A。
4.B 根据下文“receiving the names Chip and Dale”可知,他们给两只松鼠取了名字,也就意味着它们正式成为家庭的成员了。random随意的;official正式的;mature成熟的;active活跃的。故选B。
5.D 根据下文“the babies Pedialyte to help them”可知,这里指给它们喂电解质水。tell告诉;ask问;bathe洗澡;feed喂。故选D。
6.C 根据本句中的“passed away”可知,Chip去世了,这是不幸的事。secretly秘密地;specifically专门地;unfortunately不幸地;temporarily暂时地。故选C。
7.D 根据空前的先行词“the food and care”可知,这里指Morgan一家人提供的食物和照顾。require需要;obtain获得;prefer更喜欢;provide提供。故选D。
8.C 根据下文“Dale kept coming back!”可知,Dale离开笼子后仍然继续回来,这是意想不到的事。unnecessary不必要的;uncertain不确定的;unexpected意想不到的;unavoidable不可避免的。故选C。
9.B 根据上文“Little by little he would go up in a tree, climb up to play, and then come back down to stay with us”可知,渐渐地它会爬到树上,爬上去玩,然后再下来和我们待在一起。这是Riley观察到的具体细节。announce宣布;observe观察;predict预测;admit承认。故选B。
10.A 根据下文“Dale's home”可知,这里指给Dale建房子。house房子;statue雕像;pond池塘;circle圆圈。故选A。
11.B 根据语境可知,他们决定把那个设计引入Dale的家。persuade说服;channel把……用于……;stretch伸展;force强迫。故选B。
12.A 根据下文“Over a thousand people shared the 13 , and the comment section was full of delight and awe”可知,超过一千人分享了松鼠之家的照片,所以,在7月10日,Keith把松鼠之家的照片上传到网上后,该内容在网上逐渐火了起来。pick up steam为固定搭配,意为“声势逐渐强大;势头逐渐增强;慢慢活跃起来”。pick up得到;take on承担;make up组成;miss out错过。故选A。
13.C 根据上文“On July 10, Keith uploaded a picture of the squirrel home to a Whataburger group online”可知,松鼠之家的照片被上传到网上,所以人们分享的是这个照片。claim声明;factor因素;image图像,照片;steam蒸汽。故选C。
14.D 根据下文“the Morgan family knows he's out there making the most of his life”可知,它正在充分利用自己的生活,所以这里指Dale已经有一段时间没有回家探望了。help帮助;judge判断;hide躲藏;visit拜访。故选D。
15.D 根据空后的同位语从句的内容“that a little extra care can make a big difference”可知,这个故事提醒我们一点额外的关爱可以带来很大的不同。adviser顾问;warning警告;sensor传感器;reminder提醒人的事物。故选D。
Ⅲ.书面表达
One possible version:
Cycling to a Greener Future
Last Sunday, our school organized a cycling activity along the Urban Greenway with the theme of “Cycling to a Greener Future” to celebrate World Cycling Day. 【简介活动的时间、地点】
The aim of this activity was to promote a low-carbon lifestyle and raise students' awareness of environmental protection.(目的) A large number of students actively participated. They cycled in groups, enjoying the beautiful natural scenery along the way and breathing the fresh air. During the ride, they also stopped from time to time to pick up garbage and put up posters to call on people to protect the environment.(内容)【详细介绍活动的目的、内容】
This activity was widely praised by all the participants. It not only enhanced students' physical fitness and teamwork spirit but also made them more determined to contribute to building a greener future.【介绍活动的反响】
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
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密 ○ 封 ○ 装 ○ 订 ○ 线 密 ○ 封 ○ 装 ○ 订 ○ 线
密 封 线 内 不 要 答 题
第7单元 自然生态与环境保护
限时训练1 并列复合句与主从复合句
限时55分钟
考点 巩固练
考点1 并列复合句
1.However, large parts of these walls were damaged in the earthquake and long sections now show deep cracks other parts have collapsed.
2.The children must have got lost in the woods, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.
3.In any unsafe situation, simply press the button a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.
4.He was going to be late, instead of taking the bus, he took a taxi.
5.He hung on for a few minutes and screamed for his father, his father didn't hear him.
6.Eat more healthy food, you'll break down sooner or later.
7.There were many people waiting at the bus stop, some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.
考点2 名词性从句
8.On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in is now northwestern Wyoming.
9. scientists from Massachusetts Eye and Ear, a specialist and teaching hospital in the US, have found is that your nose cells produce not only mucus, but also tiny sacs (囊) called exosomes.
10.They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is they need an English trainer.
11.Cobb started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak she could do so remotely.
12.Mental health involves you process things such as stress and anxiety.
13.The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about she lived.
14.While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
15.I'm not sure is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
考点3 定语从句
16.文化Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”, add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown.
17.Before the earthquake, it was a cultural center for the city dancers and storytellers performed.
18.Yuan Longping, a renowned Chinese scientist devoted his life to developing high-yielding rice, made significant contributions to improving rice quality.
19.The waiter handed me a menu, but it was predominantly written in Chinese, characters were completely beyond my comprehension.
20.Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
21.But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
22.单元主题The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
23.May 30, 2023 is a memorable day, the Shenzhou ⅩⅥ manned spaceship was launched successfully.
24.单元主题I decided that if I learned of a company used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
25.Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, she opened with her late husband Les.
26.The documents are available to the younger generation of communities from the materials were originally collected.
27.The students benefitting most from college are those are totally engaged(参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources(资源).
28.Written Chinese has also become an important means by China's present is connected with its past.
29.Scientists have searched for a long time for a reason so many bees are disappearing.
30.Pet owners are required to obtain a dog license, includes registration information such as the owner's information and the dog breed.
考点4 状语从句
31. cities may appear more complicated, there are also more clues to help travelers find their ways, such as numbered streets.
32.The disagreement was so sharp neither he nor I knew how to settle it.
33.单元主题We all need to get involved in saving energy it's at work, at home, or at school.
34.Feeling fearful is healthy it helps you slow down and evaluate risks properly.
35. he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
36.After that I poured oil into a pan and turned on the stove. I waited patiently the oil was hot.
37.Tom is so independent that he never asks for his parents' opinions he wants their support.
38.单元主题 we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
39.热点话题Located the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
40. the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
综合 强化练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The main trend in the development of Chinese characters is Traditional Chinese characters are replaced by Simplified Chinese characters.
2. you'll gain knowledge successfully or not depends on how hard you will work.
3.Oliver says if you're lucky enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them you can join in when it's possible.
4.BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
5.What students do at college seems to matter much more than they go.
6.As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
7.Finally I want to express my hope all the young fellows can make full use of time, because time and tide wait for no man.
8.But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
9.In one club in Beijing, for example, players enter a fictional martial arts school they wear costumes and assume roles like a peach fairy or a dragon.
10.The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman hair color looked just perfect.
11.It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives(视角) from we can study how people manage their lives.
12.Tinniswood, doesn't smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life.
Ⅱ.语段填空
A
The Atbai Desert, a part of the Sahara Desert, is one of the driest places on Earth, with a sandy and barren landscape that averages zero millimeters of rainfall each year. So, archaeologists were surprised 1. they discovered rock art showing boats and cattle in an area 2. is 60 miles away from the closest body of water.“It was surprising to find cattle carved on desert rock walls 3. they require plenty of water and wide-open grassland, and would not survive in the Sahara today,” said Julien Cooper, an archaeologist from Macquarie University.
B
20% of global carbon dioxide emissions are caused by transport, 4. there is a huge effort under way to make the sector greener. This means having fewer fossil fuel-burning vehicles and more of those powered by electricity or more sustainable fuels. The push for sustainability also involves using technology to connect people and transport, 5. makes the most efficient use of vehicles, fuel and infrastructure and enables a shift away from unnecessary vehicle ownership. Self-driving cars are appearing on our roads 6. aerial(空中的) and underwater drones are taking on a wider range of jobs.
素养 提升练
语法填空
A
Being the main river of Paris, the Seine River, over the centuries, has functioned as a 1. (protect) barrier, a water source and a place for washing clothes, National Geographic reported.
Many of the city's iconic landmarks and structures, such as the Eiffel Tower, the Louvre Museum, and the Place de la Concorde, 2. (locate) along its banks.
However, Paris has faced many challenges in its efforts to clean up the Seine River 3. time for the Paris 2024 Olympic Games. The river will be the venue for marathon swimming events. In the 17th century, swimming in the Seine River was very popular. But for the last hundred years, it 4. (prohibit) due to health and safety concerns.
Over the past decade, Paris has invested about 1.4 billion euros 5. (restore)the river's ecosystem. However, test results in April still showed high levels of bacteria in the 6. (collect) samples from the river.
The city built a giant storage basin capable of holding 46,000 cubic metres of waste water. The basin is 30 metres deep and 7. size of a dozen Olympic swimming pools. Once the rain is collected, it will be moved through a tunnel to a 8. (treat) plant. 9. the water in the basin meets the required health criteria, it will then be poured into the Seine River.
“It's feasible to clean up a river because the water's flowing,” Ted Steiner, professor of medicine at the University of British Columbia, told Global News. “Especially if you've got the appropriate volume of water running through the river, things get diluted(稀释) to a point 10. there's not a whole lot of risk.”
B
The ancient proverb “Plants, trees and forests are a nation's wealth” has its origins in the text Guan Zi written by philosopher and statesman Guan Zhong some 2,700 years ago. It expresses the idea 11. a good ecological environment has both economic and social value in its own right.
China has exerted significant efforts to advance an ecological civilization. The belief that “clean waters and green mountains are just as valuable as gold and silver” reflects the 12. (share) understanding that prioritizing environmental harmony is crucial for both nature and humanity.
Take Yucun Village in Zhejiang for example. Once a major limestone-mining (石灰岩开采) area, the village has transformed 13. (it) into a picturesque community featuring a sea of bamboo, in turn becoming a highly sought-after tourist destination. Once troubled by droughts, Youyu County in Shanxi 14. (witness) a remarkable increase in forest coverage, rising 15. (violent) from less than 0.3 percent 70 years ago 16. a current 57 percent. The once poor land is now a lush oasis (绿洲), with an eco-farm and agrotourism 17. (emerge) as major sources of local income.
18. (harmonize) the preservation and restoration of ecosystems in mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands and sandy lands, the Chinese government has launched the Shan-Shui Initiative, under 19. it has thus far carried out dozens of massive projects to restore vital ecosystems. The efforts to translate these environmental benefits into the 20. (found) for ecological agriculture, industry and tourism continue to be a priority throughout China.
答案
限时训练1 并列复合句与主从复合句
考点巩固练
考点1并列复合句
1.while 句意:然而,这些墙的大部分在地震中遭到破坏,现在很长的部分出现了深深的裂缝,而其他部分已经倒塌。根据句意可知,设空处前后是对比关系。故填while。
2.or 句意:孩子们一定是在树林里迷路了,否则他们会如期到达湖边的营地。分析语境可知,前后两个分句表示相反的情况,且表示“否则,不然”的含义,所以用连词or。
3.and 句意:在任何危险的情况下,只要按下按钮,训练有素的代理人将为您提供所需的帮助。分析该句结构可知,该句使用了“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型,故填and。
4.so 句意:他快迟到了,所以他没有坐公交车,而是打了一辆出租车。根据句意可知,设空处前文表示原因,后文表示结果,为因果关系,故用so连接并列分句。故填so。
5.but 句意:他坚持了几分钟,尖叫着喊他的父亲,但他的父亲没有听到。根据句意可知,前后分句之间是转折关系,应用表示转折的连词but。故填but。
6.or 句意:多吃健康食品,不然你的身体迟早会垮掉。该句使用了“祈使句+or+陈述句”句型,表示“……否则……”,故填or。
7.and 句意:有很多人在公共汽车站等车,其中一些人看起来很焦虑和失望。根据many people waiting和looked very anxious and disappointed判断,前后分句之间是顺承关系。and连接两个分句,表示顺承关系。故填and。
考点2 名词性从句
8.what 句意:1870年9月中旬,在一个凉爽、星光灿烂的夜晚,四名男子在现在是怀俄明州西北部的火洞河沿岸的篝火前放松。分析句子结构可知,介词in后面跟了一个宾语从句,从句中缺少主语,指代地点,所以用连接代词what引导。故填what。
9.What 句意:来自美国的一家专科与教学医院,麻省眼耳医院的科学家发现,人的鼻细胞不仅会分泌黏液,还会产生一种叫做外泌体的小囊泡。分析句子结构可知,此处引导主语从句,从句中缺少宾语,应用连接代词what引导,意为“……的事物”。句首单词首字母大写,故填What。
10.why 句意:他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知,空处引导表语从句,从句中句子成分完整,应该用连接副词引导,此处表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意,应用why引导表语从句。故填why。
11.if/whether 句意:Cobb开始向邀请她发言的会议组织者询问她是否可以远程发言。本句为主从复合句,本句的句子结构分析如下:
12.how 句意:心理健康包括你如何处理诸如压力和焦虑之类的事物。分析句子结构可知,此处为连接词引导的宾语从句,作谓语动词involves的宾语,从句中不缺少主语和宾语,但句意不完整,表示“如何,怎样”的连接副词how符合语境。故填how。
13.where 句意:这个可怜的妇人不能给他提供任何关于她住在哪里的信息。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导宾语从句,宾语从句中缺少地点状语,where“……的地方”符合语境,故填where。
14.that 句意:虽然它们很少出现在北纬88度以北,但有证据表明,它们的活动范围横跨整个北极,向南远至加拿大的詹姆斯湾。主句为there be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容,故填that。
15.who 句意:我不确定谁更害怕,是我还是那只不知从哪儿突然冒出来的雌性大猩猩。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导宾语从句,从句中缺少主语,逗号后面是me or the female gorilla,因此用who。故填who。
考点3 定语从句
16.who 句意:纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖的中国文化元素为威廉·莎士比亚的故乡艾冯河畔斯特拉特福增添了国际色彩。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Tang Xianzu,指人,且在从句中作主语。故填who。
17.where 句意:地震前,它是城市文化中心,舞蹈演员和说书人在这里表演。此处引导定语从句,先行词a cultural center表示地点,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语。故填where。
18.who/that 句意:袁隆平是中国著名的科学家,他毕生致力于研发高产水稻,为改善稻米品质做出了重大贡献。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词scientist,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,所以应用who或that引导。故填who或that。
19.whose 句意:服务员递给我一份菜单,但它主要是用中文写的,我完全看不懂汉字。分析句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Chinese,其与characters是所属关系,关系词替代先行词在从句中作定语,用关系代词whose,故填whose。
20.as 句意:然而,正如蕾切尔·卡逊在《明天的寓言》中所说,寓言的形式现在仍然具有价值。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,且表示“正如”之意,用关系代词as引导。故填as。
21.which/that 句意:但是,除了它所有的古建筑,北京也是一个乐于接受现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词a place,指物,且关系词在定语从句中充当主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。
22.that 句意:大熊猫国家公园旨在为生活在大熊猫栖息地的所有物种提供更有力的保护,并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为species,指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,且先行词前面有all修饰,只能用关系代词that。故填that。
23.when 句意:2023年5月30日是一个值得纪念的日子,在这一天神舟十六号载人飞船成功发射。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词day,且从句中缺少时间状语,应用关系副词when来引导定语从句,故填when。
24.that/which 句意:我决定,如果我知道有哪家公司使用大量塑料,我就给它发邮件,敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词a company,指物,且关系词在从句中作主语,用关系代词that或which引导该从句,故填that或which。
25.which 句意:现在艾琳·阿斯特伯里每天上午九点到下午五点在麦克尔斯菲尔德的宠物店里工作,这家店是她和她已故的丈夫莱斯一起开的。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为the pet shop,指物,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作opened的宾语,故填which。
26.whom 考查定语从句。句意:这些文件向社区的年轻一代开放,这些材料最初就是从他们那里收集来的。先行词为the younger generation of communities,指人,关系词在从句中作from的宾语,用关系代词whom。故填whom。
27.who 句意:从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入到学术生活中,充分利用大学的机会和资源的学生。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,先行词为those,指人,且关系词在从句中作主语,故填who。
28.which 句意:书面汉语也已经成为联系中国现在与过去的重要手段。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词means,指物,通常和介词by搭配,表示“通过……方式/手段”,因此应用“介词+关系代词”,即by which引导定语从句。故填which。
29.why 句意:科学家们长期以来一直在寻找这么多蜜蜂正在消失的原因。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词reason,且关系词在从句中作原因状语,应用关系副词why引导定语从句,故填why。
30.which 句意:宠物的主人必须获得养狗许可证,证书上包括注册信息,如主人的信息和狗的品种。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为a dog license,指物,且从句中缺少主语,所以应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
考点4状语从句
31.Although/Though/While 句意:虽然城市可能看起来更复杂,但也有更多的线索帮助旅行者找到他们的路,例如有编号的街道。分析句子可知,设空处后面为一个从句,结合句意可知,这个从句与后面主句的内容构成让步关系,可用although、though或while引导让步状语从句,均是“虽然”之意,设空处位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Although、Though或While。
32.that 句意:这个分歧如此尖锐,以至于我和他都不知道如何解决它。so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句。故填that。
33.whether 句意:无论是在工作中,在家里,还是在学校,我们都需要参与到节约能源中来。该空需要一个连词引导让步状语从句,根据句意及后面的or可知,此处表示“无论……还是……”,whether符合题意。故填whether。
34.because/since/as 句意:感到恐惧是健康的,因为它能帮助你慢下来,正确评估风险。主句提到healthy(健康的),从句部分则具体描述为何感到恐惧是健康的,由此可知,空处引导原因状语从句,应用because、since或as。故填because、since或as。
35.As/When 句意:当他问江岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇的画家时,他们笑着指向江的下游。设空处引导时间状语从句,表示“当……时”,且从句中动词asked为非延续性动词,不能用while引导,故应用as或when引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填As或When。
36.until/till 句意:在那之后,我将油倒进平底锅里并打开炉子。我耐心等待,直到油烧热。此处是指“直到”油烧热,应使用until或till引导时间状语从句,故填until或till。
37.unless 句意:汤姆是如此独立,以至于他从来不征求父母的意见,除非他想得到他们的支持。根据句意可知,设空处引导条件状语从句,表示“除非”,unless意为“除非,如果不”,故填unless。
38.If 句意:如果我们不阻止气候变化,世界上的很多动植物将会消失。动植物不消失的前提是阻止气候变化。if意为“如果”,引导条件状语从句。故填If。
39.where 句意:江苏地处“一带”和“一路”的交汇处,将为“一带一路”建设做出更大贡献。“be located in+地点名词”意为“位于/坐落在某地”,where引导的地点状语从句在此处相当于in someplace。故填where。
40.As 句意:随着人口的增长,人们开始把食物切成小块,这样可以煮得快一点。as是连词,意为“随着”,引导时间状语从句,故填As。
综合强化练
Ⅰ.1.that 考查名词性从句。句意:汉字发展的主要趋势是繁体字被简体字取代。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导表语从句,从句不缺少成分且句意完整,故填that。
2.Whether 考查名词性从句。句意:你是否能成功地获得知识取决于你学习的努力程度。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导主语从句,和or not连用,表示“能否”,应用whether引导主语从句。设空处位于句首,所填词首字母应大写。故填Whether。
3.if/whether 考查名词性从句。句意:奥利弗说,如果你足够幸运,身边有喜欢做饭的人,那就问问他们,如果可能的话,你能不能加入。分析句子成分可知,设空处引导宾语从句,从句成分完整,但缺“是否”的意思,故填if或whether。
4.that/which 考查定语从句。句意:BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具,它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,tool是先行词,指物,且关系词在从句中作主语,故填that或which。
5.where 考查名词性从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比他们去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导宾语从句,作介词than的宾语,宾语从句中缺地点状语。故填where。
6.how 考查名词性从句。句意:作为天生的建筑师,普韦布洛的印第安人精确地算出了土坯墙需要多厚才能保证这种循环在大多数日子里正常运行。 “ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days”是宾语从句,作figured out的宾语。 由句意可知,该从句要用how引导。 how修饰形容词thick,意为“多么”。故填how。
7.that 考查名词性从句。句意:最后,我想表达我的期望,希望所有的年轻人都能充分利用时间,因为岁月不等人。分析句子结构可知,all the young fellows can make full use of time是对名词hope内容的解释,故此处是同位语从句。从句不缺任何成分,故用that引导同位语从句。故填that。
8.when 考查定语从句。句意:但我与大熊猫的联系可追溯到20世纪80年代中期我做一档电视节目的日子,当时我是第一个获准拍摄一个特别团队的西方电视台记者,这个团队照料从野外的饥饿中救出的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为the mid-1980s,关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,应用关系副词when引导。故填when。
9.where 考查定语从句。句意:例如,在北京的一个俱乐部里,玩家们进入一个虚构的武术门派,在那里他们穿着戏服,扮演桃仙或龙之类的角色。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 fictional martial arts school,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
10.whose 考查定语从句。句意:她选的颜色装在一个盒子里,盒子上有一张女人的照片,那个女人的头发颜色看起来非常完美。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词是woman,其与hair color之间是所属关系,应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
11.which 考查定语从句。句意:我们希望在未来的几十年里,科学的进步将为我们研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角。分析句子结构可知,“介词from+设空处”引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词perspectives,指物。故填which。
12.who 考查定语从句。句意:廷尼斯伍德不吸烟,也很少喝酒,他认为节制有助于他在漫长的一生中保持健康。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词Tinniswood指人,关系词在从句中作主语,应该用who引导该从句,故填who。
Ⅱ.A
1.when 考查状语从句。句意:因此,当考古学家们在距离最近的水体60英里的地方发现展示船只和牛群的岩石艺术时,他们感到很惊讶。根据语境可知,设空处引导时间状语从句,故填when。
2.that/which 考查定语从句。句意见上题。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词an area,指物,在从句中作主语,因此使用关系代词that或which。故填that或which。
3.as/since/because 考查状语从句。句意:“在沙漠岩壁上发现牛的雕刻令人惊讶,因为它们需要大量的水和广阔的草地,而且它们在现在的撒哈拉沙漠中无法生存,”麦考瑞大学的考古学家朱利安·库珀说。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,设空处引导原因状语从句。故填as、since或because。
B
4.and 考查并列复合句。句意:全球20%的二氧化碳排放是交通运输造成的,人们正在付出巨大的努力使交通运输行业更加环保。根据语境可知,设空处前后内容为顺承关系,故填并列连词and。
5.which 考查定语从句。句意:推行可持续发展的努力还包括利用技术将人与交通连接起来,这使得人们最有效地利用车辆、燃料和基础设施,并使人们摆脱不必要的车辆所有权。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面整个主句,故填which。
6.while 考查并列复合句。句意:自动驾驶汽车正出现在我们的道路上,而空中和水下无人机正在承担更广泛的工作。根据语境可知,设空处前后内容为对比关系,故填while。
素养提升练
A
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了在2024年巴黎奥运会之前及时清理塞纳河的努力中,巴黎面临着许多挑战。
1.protective 考查形容词。句意:据《国家地理》报道,作为巴黎的主要河流,几个世纪以来,塞纳河一直充当着保护屏障、水源和洗衣场所。此处需用形容词修饰名词barrier,故填protective。
2.are located 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:这座城市的许多标志性地标和建筑,如埃菲尔铁塔、卢浮宫和协和广场,都位于其河岸。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语,主语为复数,且与动词locate之间是被动关系,此处陈述一般事实,应用一般现在时的被动语态,故填are located。
3.in 考查介词。句意:然而,巴黎在2024年巴黎奥运会之前及时清理塞纳河的努力中面临许多挑战。in time for为固定短语,表示“来得及;及时”,故填in。
4.has been prohibited 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:但在过去的一百年里,由于健康和安全问题,它(游泳)被禁止。根据时间状语for the last hundred years可知,时态应用现在完成时;且游泳是被禁止,应用被动语态;主语为it,谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填has been prohibited。
5.to restore 考查动词不定式。句意:在过去的十年里,巴黎已经投入了大约十四亿欧元来恢复该河的生态系统。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语,故填to restore。
6.collected 考查过去分词。句意:然而,四月份的检验结果仍然显示采集的河流样本中细菌含量很高。分析句子结构可知,谓语为showed,由此推知设空处应用非谓语动词,collect与samples之间为被动关系,应用过去分词作定语。故填collected。
7.the 考查冠词。句意:这个水池有30米深,12个奥运会游泳池那么大。根据空后的size可知,本空应填冠词,此处表特指,应用定冠词the,故填the。
8.treatment 考查名词。句意:一旦雨水被收集起来,它将通过隧道输送到处理厂。设空处作定语修饰名词plant,treatment plant表示“处理厂”,故填treatment。
9.When 考查时间状语从句对应考点4。句意:当水池中的水达到所要求的健康标准时,它将被倒入塞纳河。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导时间状语从句,when意为“当……时”,句首单词首字母应大写,故填When。
10.where 考查定语从句对应考点3。句意:尤其是如果你有适当的水量流经河流,物质会被稀释到一个没有太大风险的程度。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,先行词为a point,关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用where引导,故填where。
B
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。“草木植成,国之富也”,中国已大力推进生态文明建设。本文主要阐述中国为之所做出的努力和取得的成就。
11.that 考查同位语从句对应考点2。句意:它表达了这样一种理念——良好的生态环境本身就具有经济价值和社会价值。抽象名词idea后接同位语从句,“ a good ecological environment has both economic and social value in its own right”对其进行具体的解释说明,故填that。
12.shared 考查过去分词。句意:“绿水青山就是金山银山”这一理念反映了一种共同的认识,即优先考虑环境和谐对大自然和人类都至关重要。shared为过去分词形式的形容词,意为“共同的”,shared understanding 意为“共识”。故填shared。
13.itself 考查反身代词。句意:这个村庄曾经是主要的石灰岩开采区,它已经把自己变成了一个风景如画的社区,以到处是竹子为特色,进而成为一个非常受欢迎的旅游胜地。这里it指代主语village,当宾语和主语一致时,宾语用反身代词。故填itself。
14.has witnessed 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:曾经受干旱困扰的山西右玉县见证了森林覆盖率的显著提高,从70年前的不到0.3%急剧上升到目前的57%。根据下文“from less than 0.3 percent 70 years ago a current 57 percent”来判断,本句时态应为现在完成时,强调右玉县70年来森林覆盖率的变化。主语Youyu County表示单数意义,助动词应用单数,故填has witnessed。
15.violently 考查副词。句意见上题。此处要用副词violently修饰现在分词rising。故填violently。
16.to 考查介词。句意见第14题。固定搭配:from...to...“从……到……”。故填to。
17.emerging 考查现在分词。句意:曾经贫瘠的土地现在成了一片郁郁葱葱的绿洲,生态农场和农业旅游正在成为当地收入的主要来源。此处是with的复合结构,eco-farm and agrotourism和emerge之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词形式。故填emerging。
18.To harmonize 考查动词不定式。句意:为了协调山区、河流、森林、农田、湖泊、草原、沙地等生态系统的保护与恢复,中国政府发起了“山水工程”,迄今已实施了数十项修复重要生态系统的大型工程。此处表示目的,使用动词不定式作目的状语,句首单词首字母应大写,故填To harmonize。
19.which 考查定语从句对应考点3。句意见上题。此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词是Shan-Shui Initiative,指物,关系词在从句中作under的宾语,使用关系代词which。故填which。
20.foundation 考查名词。句意:将这些环境效益转化为生态农业、生态工业和生态旅游业的基础的努力在中国仍然是一项优先事项。由空前的the可知,设空处应填名词作into的宾语,found的名词形式为foundation,意为“基础”。故填foundation。
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