内容正文:
人称代词和物主代词
语法详解+专项练习
语法详解
(一)人称代词
1. 核心定义
人称代词是用来指代人或事物的代词,外研版七上Unit 1围绕“初中新生活、介绍老师同学”展开,人称代词是描述人物关系、交流互动的核心词汇,如I(我)、she(她)、them(他们)。
2. 分类与形式(七年级上册核心)
人称代词分为主格和宾格,主格作句子主语,宾格作句子宾语(及物动词或介词的宾语)。
人称
单复数
主格
宾格
指代
第一人称
单数
I(我)
me(我)
说话人自己
第一人称
复数
we(我们)
us(我们)
说话人和他人
第二人称
单复数
you(你/你们)
you(你/你们)
听话人
第三人称
单数
he(他)
him(他)
男性人物
第三人称
单数
she(她)
her(她)
女性人物
第三人称
单数
it(它)
it(它)
事物/动物
第三人称
复数
they(他们/她们/它们)
them(他们/她们/它们)
多个人物/事物
3. 用法规则
· 主格用法:置于句首或谓语动词前,作句子主语,表达“谁做了什么/是什么”。
例:I am a new student.(我是一名新生,Unit 1核心语境);She is our English teacher.(她是我们的英语老师);They like junior high school life.(他们喜欢初中生活)。
· 宾格用法:
① 作及物动词的宾语,置于动词后:My teacher helps me with my English.(我的老师帮我学英语);I know them very well.(我很了解他们)。
② 作介词的宾语,置于介词后:This gift is for her.(这份礼物是给她的);I play basketball with him after school.(我和他放学后打篮球)。
4. Unit 1高频易错点
· 主格与宾格混淆:错误如Me am a student.(应为I am a student.)、She helps he.(应为She helps him.)。
· 第三人称单数主格的be动词搭配:错误如He are a teacher.(应为He is a teacher.)、She am happy.(应为She is happy.)。
(二)物主代词
1. 核心定义
物主代词表示“谁的”,用来修饰名词,表明事物的所属关系,Unit 1中常用于描述“某人的学校用品、老师、班级”等,如my schoolbag(我的书包)、her pen(她的钢笔)。
2. 分类与形式
物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,七年级上册重点考查形容词性物主代词,名词性物主代词为基础拓展。
人称
单复数
形容词性物主代词
名词性物主代词
第一人称
单数
my(我的)
mine(我的)
第一人称
复数
our(我们的)
ours(我们的)
第二人称
单复数
your(你的/你们的)
yours(你的/你们的)
第三人称
单数
his(他的)
his(他的)
第三人称
单数
her(她的)
hers(她的)
第三人称
单数
its(它的)
its(它的)
第三人称
复数
their(他们的/她们的/它们的)
theirs(他们的/她们的/它们的)
3. 用法规则
· 形容词性物主代词:
① 后必须接名词,作名词的定语,不能单独使用。
例:my classroom(我的教室,Unit 1语境)、your timetable(你的课程表)、their teachers(他们的老师)。
② 与名词连用构成名词短语,可作主语、宾语等:My book is on the desk.(我的书在桌子上,作主语);I like your pencil case.(我喜欢你的铅笔盒,作宾语)。
· 名词性物主代词:
① 后不接名词,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,可单独作主语、宾语、表语。
例:This book is mine.(这本书是我的,= my book);Is this pen yours?(这支钢笔是你的吗?= your pen);His bag is big, and hers is small.(他的书包大,她的小,= her bag)。
② 七年级上册拓展:暂不要求熟练运用,但需了解其与形容词性物主代词的对应关系。
4. 高频易错点
· 形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词混淆:错误如This is my.(应为This is mine.或This is my book.)、That pen is her.(应为That pen is hers.或That pen is her pen.)。
· 物主代词与人称代词混淆:错误如He book is new.(应为His book is new.)、I school is big.(应为My school is big.)。
(三)代词的语用技巧
1. 介绍自己/他人:用第一人称主格I介绍自己,第三人称主格he/she/they介绍他人。
例:I'm Li Ming. I'm a new student.(我是李明,我是一名新生);This is Lucy. She is from the USA.(这是露西,她来自美国,Unit 1涉及各国开学习俗话题)。
2. 描述物品所属:用形容词性物主代词修饰名词,说明物品归属。
例:This is my timetable. That's her pencil.(这是我的课程表,那是她的铅笔)。
3. 指代前文提到的人/物:用人称代词宾格避免重复。
例:I have a new friend. I like her very much.(我有一个新朋友,我非常喜欢她)。
专项练习
(一)用适当的人称代词主格/宾格填空
1. ______ am a new student in Grade Seven.
2. This is Miss Wang. ______ is our English teacher.
3. Where are my books? Can you help ______ find them?
4. Tom and Jack are my classmates. ______ are from England.
5. The dog is cute. I like ______ very much.
6. —Who is that boy? —______ is my brother.
7. My parents love ______ very much.
8. We are in the same class. Let's help ______ each other.
9. This pen is for you. Here ______ is.
10. The students are happy. ______ like their new school.
(二)用适当的物主代词填空
1. This is ______ (我的) schoolbag. ______ (我的) is blue.
2. —Is this ______ (你的) pencil? —Yes, it's ______ (我的).
3. ______ (他的) name is Tom. ______ (他的) favourite subject is English.
4. That's ______ (她的) desk. ______ (她的) is near the window.
5. We love ______ (我们的) school. ______ (我们的) has a big playground.
6. —Are these ______ (你们的) books? —No, they aren't ______ (我们的).
7. The cat has ______ (它的) food in the bowl.
8. ______ (他们的) teachers are very kind. ______ (他们的) are from different countries.
9. This is Lucy's pen. That one is ______ (我的).
10. ______ (你的) timetable is on the desk. Where is ______ (我的)?
(三)选择题(考查人称代词与物主代词用法)
1. ______ am a student. ______ name is Li Ming.
A. I; My B. Me; My C. I; Mine
2. This is Miss Li. ______ is our math teacher. We all like ______.
A. She; her B. Her; she C. He; him
3. —Is this ______ book? —Yes, it's ______.
A. your; mine B. you; my C. your; my
4. Tom is my friend. I often play with ______.
A. he B. him C. his
5. ______ classroom is big. ______ is small.
A. Our; Their B. Our; Theirs C. Ours; Theirs
(四)改正下列句子中的错误(代词易错点)
1. Me like my new school very much.
→ ________________________________________
2. He is a teacher. Her name is Mr. Black.
→ ________________________________________
3. This is you pen. That is my.
→ ________________________________________
4. We are in the same class. I like they.
→ ________________________________________
5. His bag is red, and her is blue.
→ ________________________________________
(五)阅读理解填词
Hello, everyone! ______ (我) am Lily. ______ (我) am a new student in Grade Seven. This is ______ (我的) classroom. ______ (它) is big and bright. Miss Zhang is ______ (我们的) Chinese teacher. ______ (她) is very kind. We all like ______ (她). Tom and Jack are my new friends. ______ (他们) are from the USA. ______ (他们的) favourite subject is P.E. I often play basketball with ______ (他们) after school. I love ______ (我的) new school and friends very much!
练习答案
(一)用适当的人称代词主格/宾格填空
1. I 2. She 3. me 4. They 5. it 6. He 7. me 8. each other(固定搭配,无需改) 9. you 10. They
(二)用适当的物主代词填空
1. my; Mine 2. your; mine 3. His; His 4. her; Hers 5. our; Ours 6. your; ours 7. its 8. Their; Theirs 9. mine 10. Your; mine
(三)选择题
1. A 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. B
(四)改正下列句子中的错误
1. I like my new school very much.
2. He is a teacher. His name is Mr. Black.
3. This is your pen. That is mine.
4. We are in the same class. I like them.
5. His bag is red, and hers is blue.
(五)阅读理解填词
I; I; my; It; our; She; her; They; Their; them; my
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