期末Starter连词and_but_or语法详解+专项练习 2025-2026学年外研版英语七年级上册

连词and/but/or 语法详解+专项练习 语法详解 （一）连词的定义与分类 连词是用来连接单词、短语、句子的虚词，不单独作句子成分。外研版七上Starter单元重点讲解并列连词and、but、or，它们用于连接并列关系的成分，是构成简单句和并列句的基础。 （二）并列连词and的用法 and表顺承、并列、递进关系，意为“和、又、而且”，是Starter单元最常用的连词。 1. 连接两个或多个单词 · 连接并列的名词、代词、形容词、动词等，Starter单元中多用于连接校园用品名词。 例：a pencil and a ruler（一支铅笔和一把尺子）、I have a pen and an eraser.（我有一支钢笔和一块橡皮）。 2. 连接两个短语 例：in the pencil case and on the desk（在铅笔盒里和在桌子上）、read books and write words（读书和写字）。 3. 连接两个句子 表顺承的动作或因果关系，后一句是前一句的延续或结果。 例：I open the schoolbag, and I take out the textbook.（我打开书包，然后拿出课本）；He studies hard, and he gets good grades.（他努力学习，所以取得了好成绩）。 4. 用于固定搭配 · both...and...（两者都）：Both the pen and the pencil are mine.（钢笔和铅笔都是我的）。 · and so on（等等）：I have pens, pencils, erasers and so on in my bag.（我的包里有钢笔、铅笔、橡皮等等）。 （三）并列连词but的用法 but表转折关系，意为“但是、然而”，连接的两部分内容语义相反或相对。 1. 连接两个单词或短语 例：The pencil is long but the pen is short.（铅笔长，但钢笔短）；He is young but he knows a lot.（他年纪小，但懂得很多）。 2. 连接两个句子 前后句语义形成对比，是七年级上册的核心考点。 例：I have a schoolbag, but it's not new.（我有一个书包，但它不是新的）；She likes English, but she doesn't like maths.（她喜欢英语，但不喜欢数学）。 3. 注意点 but不能与though/although（虽然）连用，如不能说Though he is tired, but he works hard.（正确：Though he is tired, he works hard. / He is tired, but he works hard.）。 （四）并列连词or的用法 or表选择、否定条件关系，意为“或者、否则”，是Starter单元的重点拓展内容。 1. 表选择关系：意为“或者”，用于选择疑问句或陈述句中。 · 选择疑问句：Do you have a pencil or a pen?（你有铅笔还是钢笔？）；Is the ruler red or blue?（尺子是红色还是蓝色的？）。 · 陈述句：You can take the textbook or the notebook.（你可以拿课本或者笔记本）。 2. 表否定条件：意为“否则”，用于警告、建议的语境中。 例：Hurry up, or you will be late for school.（快点，否则你上学要迟到了）；Study hard, or you won't pass the exam.（努力学习，否则你考不过试）。 3. 用于固定搭配 · either...or...（要么……要么……）：Either you or I go to the shop.（要么你要么我去商店）。 · or else（否则，要不然）：Finish your homework, or else you can't watch TV.（完成作业，否则你不能看电视）。 （五）Starter单元高频易错点 1. 连词与并列成分的一致性 · 错误：He likes reading and to write.（并列成分形式不一致，应为He likes reading and writing.）。 · 关键：and连接的并列成分需保持词性、形式一致。 2. but与and的误用 · 错误：I am hungry, and I don't have food.（语义转折，应用but，应为I am hungry, but I don't have food.）。 3. 选择疑问句中or的遗漏 · 错误：Do you like coffee tea?（缺少or，应为Do you like coffee or tea?）。 4. or表否定条件时的语境理解 学生易混淆or的“选择”与“否则”含义，需结合句子逻辑判断。 专项练习 （一）用and/but/or填空 1. I have a pencil case ______ an eraser in my bag. 2. The textbook is new ______ the schoolbag is old. 3. Do you have a ruler ______ a pen? 4. Hurry up, ______ you will miss the bus. 5. She likes English ______ she likes maths too. 6. I have a pen, ______ I don't have any paper. 7. You can take the red pencil ______ the blue one. 8. Open your book ______ read the words together. 9. The desk is big ______ clean. 10. Is the eraser white ______ black? （二）选择题 1. I like playing basketball ______ my brother likes playing football. A. and B. but C. or 2. Do you want to drink milk ______ juice? A. and B. but C. or 3. He is very tired, ______ he still works hard. A. and B. but C. or 4. Please close the window ______ the door. A. and B. but C. or 5. Study hard, ______ you won't pass the exam. A. and B. but C. or （三）改正下列句子中的错误 1. I have a pen and a ruler, but I don't have a eraser. → ________________________________________ 2. She likes to sing and dancing. → ________________________________________ 3. Do you like apple or banana? → ________________________________________ 4. Though he is young, but he can speak English well. → ________________________________________ 5. Hurry up, and you will be late. → ________________________________________ （四）句型转换 1. I have a pencil and an eraser.（改为否定句） → I don't have a pencil ______ an eraser. 2. The ruler is long. The pencil is short.（用but连接） → The ruler is long ______ the pencil is short. 3. Do you like coffee? Do you like tea?（用or合并为选择疑问句） → Do you like coffee ______ tea? 4. He opens the schoolbag. He takes out the textbook.（用and连接） → He opens the schoolbag ______ takes out the textbook. 5. You don't finish your homework. You can't play games.（用or连接） → Finish your homework, ______ you can't play games. （五）阅读理解填词 Li Ming has a new schoolbag. It's blue ______ white. In the schoolbag, he has a textbook ______ a pencil case. The pencil case has three pens ______ two pencils, ______ it doesn't have an eraser. He asks his mum, "Do you have an eraser ______ a ruler?" His mum gives him an eraser, ______ Li Ming is very happy. He goes to school with his new school things ______ meets his new classmates. 练习答案 （一）用and/but/or填空 1. and 2. but 3. or 4. or 5. and 6. but 7. or 8. and 9. and 10. or （二）选择题 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. C （三）改正下列句子中的错误 1. I have a pen and a ruler, but I don't have an eraser. 2. She likes to sing and dance. / She likes singing and dancing. 3. Do you like apples or bananas? 4. Though he is young, he can speak English well. / He is young, but he can speak English well. 5. Hurry up, or you will be late. （四）句型转换 1. or 2. but 3. or 4. and 5. or （五）阅读理解填词 and; and; and; but; or; and; and ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $