Unit 3 Sea Exploration 单元阅读与写作配套练习-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第四册

Unit 3 Sea Exploration-单元阅读与写作配套练习

一、阅读理解。

A

 The ocean feels boundless. If you were to start swimming from shore, it's easy to believe — fitness and oxygen aside — you could continue forever. That's a rather different experience from overland travel, where mountains, rivers, and highways jammed with traffic prevent easy passage. It's equally easy to believe that fish and other highly mobile sea creatures could smoothly experience the ocean. These animals, adapted over thousands of years to navigate the ocean, must easily bypass any barrier they encounter. That assumption, though, is wrong.

 It's common for many oceanic species to stick to specific habitats and only seldom swim beyond them. That is especially true for many immature animals, which are small and easy to fall victim to predators. This, however, can cause unexpectedly big problems for oceanic species, especially when infrastructure gets in the way.

 Take, for example, the green sawfish living near the mouth of the Ashburton River in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. In 2017, engineers working on a local oil and gas processing plant built a new loading facility consisting of a large piling jetty (码头) and solid rock wall, which stretched 500 meters offshore. Later, scientists realized that the green sawfish were unable, or unwilling, to pass around the barrier. But that could prevent the animals from reaching valuable feeding grounds and other habitats.

 This discovery leads to a surprising new idea that sea animals, much like land species, need a helping hand getting around human infrastructure. In the case of the green sawfish, engineers could have created underpasses in the jetty through which the fish could swim.

 As the climate continues to change, many sea species are moving north and they need suitable habitats to move through. Whether creating pass-throughs in artificial structures or plotting routes away from warming oceans, thoughtfully designing our infrastructure could go a long way toward protecting animals as we continue to engineer the ocean.

1.What is the assumption in the first paragraph?(     )

A.Sea creatures adapt to the ocean slowly.

B.The ocean presents no barriers to sea life.

C.Humans are naturally skilled at sea navigation.

D.Sea travel guarantees easier passage than land travel.

2.Why are the green sawfish mentioned in the passage?(     )

A.To illustrate a point.    B.To present a phenomenon.

C.To put forward a new argument.  D.To add some background information.

3.What does the author suggest about engineering the ocean?(     )

A.Maximizing economic benefits.  B.Creating underpasses for surfers.

C.Prioritizing human infrastructures. D.Adapting to oceanic species' needs.

4.Where could this passage come from?(     )

A.A book review.     B.A travel blog.

C.A science magazine.    D.A geography textbook.

B篇

 More than 1,000 metres below the surface of the oceans, darkness dominates.Marine creatures rely on sound for navigation, communication, and searching for food. However, this way of life has come under threat from shipping, contributing to a rise in underwater volume of approximately 3.3 decibels per decade. The trend shows little sign of leveling off.

 With roughly 90% of trade relying on shipping, quieting the ocean through reductions in shipping itself is untenable.While efficiency improvements of shipping may cut noise, experts say more is needed. That is why technologies like modified propellers (螺旋桨) and noise-reducing materials are being developed to help humans and marine life coexist.

 Much of the underwater noise a ship produces comes from its propeller. Spinning blades create low pressure, causing the water to boil and produce bubbles, a process known as cavitation (空化现象).When those bubbles collapse, a low-frequency noise is produced, disrupting the movements of marine life.

 One solution, being developed by researchers at the University of British Columbia, integrates flexible polymers (聚合物) into the metal propeller blades, allowing their tips to bend and twist. This movement prevents bubbles from forming and thereby reduces the noise the blades produce. Based on simulations, the design could reduce cavitation noise by 20 decibels. Dr Jaiman says researchers intend to start testing a model next year.

 Cavitation can also be reduced by increasing the number of bubbles, rather than reducing them. Researchers at MARIN, a Dutch research institute, have blown bubbles onto a propeller's blades, which can

dampen the resulting noise. Model-scale tests of this system showed a 12-decibel decrease in low-frequency noise. But shipping noise does not come only from the propeller, with roughly 20% coming from engines and generators. To reduce this, MARIN researchers have experimented with a bubble screen generated from tubes positioned in belts around the outside of the ship. These bubbles prevent noise from spreading.

1.Which best explains the underlined word “untenable” in paragraph 2?(     )

A.Impractical.  B.Unavailable.  C.Unstable.  D.Immeasurable.

2.What is the main source of underwater noise from ships?(     )

A.The spinning blades.     B.The process of cavitation.

C.The engines and generators.    D.The bubbles generated by ships.

3.What can be inferred about the new propeller design?(     )

A.It removes all the noise from ships.

B.It relies on generators to reduce shaking.

C.It stops bubbles by slowing down the blades.

D.It uses flexible tips to minimize noise production.

4.What's the passage mainly about?(     )

A.Strategies to prevent ships from making noise.

B.Innovations to minimize underwater ship noise.

C.Adapted propeller designs to restore undersea quiet.

D.Negative impacts of underwater noise on marine life.

二、七选五。

Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean. They exist on vast scales and are equally important havens (避风港) of biodiversity. Reefs occupy 0.1% of the oceans.1.___

 2.___ Without the protection which reefs afford from crashing waves, low-lying islands such as the Maldives would have flooded long ago, and a billion people would lose food or income. However, reefs are under threat from rising sea temperatures. Heat causes the algae(海藻) with which corals are living together to generate toxins (毒素) that force those corals to leave. This can cause a coral's death.

 Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help, such as identifying naturally heat-resistant corals and cross-breeding such corals to create a new type.3.___ Without carbon reduction and decline in local, coral-killing pollution, even resistant corals will not survive the