精品解析：北京市第十一中学顺义学校2025-2026学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题

十一顺义学校 12月份教与学质量监测 高二英语试卷 2025.12 第一部分：知识运用（共三节，35分） 第一节 完型填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上涂黑。 In the early 1950s, I was a junior high student at Punahou School in Hawaii. During summer vacations, I often swam at Waikiki Beach. There was another man who would also turn up. He was a tall, handsome, silver-haired Hawaiian. Occasionally I saw him swimming gracefully and effortlessly at a(n) ____1____ pace to the beach wall and back again. One morning when I arrived as usual, he walked past me on his way to the water. Suddenly he stopped and asked me if I’d like to swim against him. “Just for fun. Down to the beach wall and back.” He pointed toward our destination. After some thought, I ____2____ it. We jumped into the water and started swimming. Teenagers are often very competitive, and I was no different. I started out as fast as I could to build a strong ____3____. But in the first 50 yards, we were even. When we reached the beach wall, we were still even. I was already exhausted. My legs felt heavy. My shoulders started to burn. As we ____4____, my arms and shoulders were numb, and my head was spinning. I wanted very ____5____ to quit and relax the rest of the way. But I struggled and ____6____ it, fighting the water. When we finally arrived where we started, I was out of breath. “Just about even. You’re pretty good, “he said. He walked out of the water and up the beach. I stayed where I was, ____7____. When my friend, Sammy Kauua, arrived ten minutes later, I couldn’t wait to tell him what had happened. Sammy laughed, “Are you kidding? That’s Duke Kahanamoku. He won gold medals at the Olympics!” Several days later when I saw Kahanamoku on the beach, I talked to him about his swimming ____8____. What I really wanted to know was how an athlete could become good enough to wind in the Olympics. “Oh, I trained, “he said. “But not hard, really. I did most of my swimming at the beach. I swam because I liked it. We trained of course, but ____9____ we just swam. It was natural.” I was touched at that time because there was no secret recipe for success as an athlete. Thinking back on it now, though, I find the ____10____ he gave me very appealing. 1. A. perfect B. embarrassing C. terrifying D. obvious 2. A. considered B. accepted C. rejected D. changed 3. A. lead B. objective C. distance D. chance 4. A. turned up B. turned down C. turned off D. turned back 5. A. delightedly B. angrily C. badly D. worriedly 6. A. made B. got C. achieved D. realized 7. A. inquiring B. complaining C. crying D. smiling 8. A. choice B. reward C. promise D. career 9. A. recently B. originally C. mostly D. partly 10. A. experience B. answer C. concept D. belief 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. D 9. C 10. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与奥运冠军游泳比赛及交流的经历。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：偶尔，我会看到他优雅而轻松地以完美的速度游到海滩墙再游回来。A. perfect完美的；B. embarrassing令人尴尬的；C. terrifying令人恐惧的；D. obvious明显的。根据上文“I saw him swimming gracefully and effortlessly at a(n)”和下文“pace to the beach wall and back again”可知，他游泳很优雅轻松，他的游泳节奏是完美的，故选A。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：思考了一番后，我接受了。A. considered考虑；B. accepted接受；C. rejected拒绝；D. changed改变。根据上文“Suddenly he stopped and asked me if I’d like to swim against him. “Just for fun. Down to the beach wall and back.” He pointed toward our destination”和下文“We jumped into the water and started swimming.”可知，这个人邀请作者游泳，最后二人跳进水里开始游泳，所以此处指作者接受了和他比赛游泳的邀请，故选B。 【3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一开始就尽可能快地游，以建立强大的领先优势。A. lead领先优势；B. objective目标；C. distance距离；D. chance机会。根据上文“Teenagers are often very competitive, and I was no different. I started out as fast as I could to build a strong”可知，青少年往往好胜心强，作者也不例外。作者以最快的速度出发，是想建立领先优势，故选A。 【4题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我们往回游的时候，我的胳膊和肩膀麻木了，头也晕了。A. turned up出现；B. turned down拒绝；C. turned off关闭；D. turned back往回游。根据上文“Down to the beach wall and back.”和“When we reached the beach wall”可知，他们游到海滩墙后要往回游，故选D。 【5题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我非常想放弃，在剩下的路程中放松一下。A. delightedly高兴地；B. angrily生气地；C. badly非常；D. worriedly担心地。根据上文“my arms and shoulders were numb, and my head was spinning.”和下文“quit and relax the rest of the way”可知，作者的胳膊和肩膀麻木了，头也晕了，所以作者非常想放弃，故选C。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我挣扎着坚持了下来，与水搏斗。A. made做成；B. got得到；C. achieved实现；D. realized意识到。根据上文“But I struggled and”和下文“it, fighting the water”可知，作者坚持游完了全程，make it为固定短语，意为“成功做到”。故选A。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我待在原地，微笑着。A. inquiring询问；B. complaining抱怨；C. crying哭；D. smiling微笑。根据上文“Just about even. You’re pretty good,”可知，对方夸作者游得不错，所以作者微笑着，故选D。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：几天后，当我在海滩上看到Kahanamoku时，我和他谈了他的游泳生涯。A. choice选择；B. reward奖励；C. promise承诺；D. career生涯。根据下文“What I really wanted to know was how an athlete could become good enough to wind in the Olympics.”可知，作者想知道他作为运动员的经历，所以和他谈了他的游泳生涯，故选D。 【9题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们当然训练了，但主要是游泳。A. recently最近；B. originally最初；C. mostly主要地；D. partly部分地。根据“I did most of my swimming at the beach. I swam because I liked it.”可知，其实训练并不严苛，大部分时间都在海滩游泳，他游泳只是因为自己喜欢，他游泳的主要状态是单纯享受，即他主要是游泳，故选C。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不过，现在回想起来，我发现他给我的答案很有吸引力。A. experience经历；B. answer答案；C. concept概念；D. belief信念。根据上文“What I really wanted to know was how an athlete could become good enough to wind in the Olympics.”以及“Oh, I trained, “he said. “But not hard, really”、“he gave me very appealing”可知，作者询问他如何成为优秀运动员，他给出了回答，所以这里指作者觉得他的答案很有吸引力，故选B。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Humor is indeed a powerful way of ___11___ (handle) stressors, which “activate how we feel, how we think, how we act — and our physiology,” says Sultanoff, a clinical psychologist. Humor does exactly the same things, just ___12___ a different direction. Stress may make someone feel anxious or angry; humor replaces that feeling with a moment of joy, lightness, surprise or connection. In many situations, while you ___13___ (experience) humor, you cannot experience distressing emotions. These emotions just disappear. 【答案】11. handling 12. in 13. are experiencing 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。临床心理学家指出，幽默能以与压力源相反的方向作用于人，用愉悦等情绪替代焦虑、愤怒，让人在感受幽默时摆脱痛苦情绪。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：临床心理学家苏丹诺夫表示：“幽默确实是一种应对压力源的有力方式，它能‘激活我们的感受、思维、行为以及生理机能’。”作介词of的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填handling。 【12题详解】 考查介词。句意：幽默的作用则完全相同，只是方向有所不同。in a different direction表示“朝着不同的方向”，故填in。 【13题详解】 考查时态。句意：在很多情况下，当你体验幽默时，是无法感受到悲伤等负面情绪。while引导时间状语从句时，常表示主句和从句的动作同时进行，此处从句要用现在进行时，主语是you，谓语用复数。故填are experiencing。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The first near-zero energy house, ____14____ (locate) in Banbidian village in Beijing’s southern district of Daxing, won the International Design Award in the United States in January last year. The 400-square-meter property, ____15____ stands at the entrance to the village, runs on solar power gathered from rooftop panels, with the addition of a small amount of power from the grid (电网). The property ____16____ (divide) into five areas: a solar garden in the front yard, a central lounge, a water courtyard, a sponge zone, and a back room. 【答案】14. located 15. which 16. is divided 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文简要介绍了位于北京大兴区半壁店村的中国首栋近零能耗建筑。 【14题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国首栋近零能耗建筑位于北京南部大兴区的半壁店村，该建筑于去年1月荣获了美国国际设计大奖。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，The first near-zero energy house和locate为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填located。 【15题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这栋建筑面积400平方米的建筑坐落于村口，主要依靠屋顶太阳能板收集的太阳能供电，仅需补充少量电网电力。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词The 400- square-meter property，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 【16题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：建筑被划分为五个区域：前院的太阳能花园、中央休息区、水院、海绵区以及后屋。空处作谓语，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语The property和divide为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为单数名词，be动词用is。故填is divided。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Frances Arnold has always been a rebel (叛逆者). Her willingness ____17____ (question) authority and make her own way helped her earn the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. After graduating from Princeton University in 1979, she ____18____ (brief) took up jobs in solar technology. Realizing it was not ____19____ she was passionate about, she went back to school and joined the faculty at Caltech (加州理工学院). Since then, she ____20____ (work) there in the fields of chemical engineering, bioengineering and biochemistry. 【答案】17. to question 18. briefly 19. what 20. has been working##has worked 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文简要介绍了 2018 年诺贝尔化学奖得主弗朗西斯・阿诺德的人生经历与学术轨迹。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：她敢于质疑权威、坚持走自己道路的意愿，助力她获得了2018年诺贝尔化学奖。修饰名词willingness，需用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to question。 【18题详解】 考查副词。句意：1979年从普林斯顿大学毕业后，她短暂从事过太阳能技术相关的工作。修饰动词短语took up，需用副词briefly，作状语。故填briefly。 【19题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：意识到这并非自己热爱的领域后，她重返校园，并加入了加州理工学院的教职队伍。空处引导表语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，需用关系代词what引导。故填what。 【20题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：从那以后，她便一直在该校的化学工程、生物工程和生物化学领域工作。根据时间状语“Since then”可知，此处使用现在完成时，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，或者使用现在完成时，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在并将持续下去，主语为she，助动词用has。故填has worked/has been working。 第三节 选词填空（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分） 根据句意，从所给方框中选择词汇并使用其恰当形式完成句子，每词只使用一次。 enhance embarrassment psychological be to blame restore 21. Regular exercise and chatting with friends are helpful to reduce ________ pressure caused by heavy study tasks. 22. It will take several years to ________ the forest that was destroyed by the big fire last summer. 23. A small smile from the teacher can ________ students’ confidence in speaking English in class. 24. For the problem of white pollution, not only the producers ________ but also every consumer should change their habits. 25. After Mike made a silly mistake at the party, he tried to hide his ________ by telling a funny joke. 【答案】21. psychological 22. restore 23. enhance 24. are to blame 25. embarrassment 【解析】 【21题详解】 考查形容词。句意：定期锻炼和与朋友聊天有助于减轻因繁重的学习任务而造成的心理压力。根据“pressure caused by heavy study tasks”可知，此处指学习压力带来的心理层面压力，空处应用psychological“心理的”，形容词作定语修饰名词pressure。故填psychological。 【22题详解】 考查动词。句意：要恢复去年夏天被大火烧毁的森林需要数年时间。根据“the forest that was destroyed by the big fire last summer”可知，去年夏天被大火烧毁的森林需要数年时间恢复，空处应用restore“恢复”，动词，it takes some time to do sth.为固定句型，表示“做某事花费多长时间”，所以空处应用动词原形。故填restore。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：老师的一个小微笑可以增强学生在课堂上说英语的信心。根据“students’ confidence in speaking English in class”可知，微笑鼓励学生、增强信心，空处应用enhance“增强”，动词，情态动词can后接动词原形。故填enhance。 【24题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：对于白色污染问题，不仅生产者应该受到责备，而且每个消费者都应该改变他们的习惯。根据“not only the producers”以及“but also every consumer should change their habits”可知，污染问题不仅生产者应该受到责备，而且每个消费者都应该改变他们的习惯，空处应用be to blame“应受责备”，固定短语。主语“the producers” 为复数，且句子描述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，因此be动词用are。故填are to blame。 【25题详解】 考查名词。句意：迈克在聚会上犯了一个愚蠢的错误后，他试图讲一个有趣的笑话来掩饰自己的尴尬。根据“After Mike made a silly mistake at the party”可知，犯错误后会掩饰尴尬，空处应用embarrassment“尴尬”，名词作宾语。故填embarrassment。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Some of the World Heritage Sites have been attracting tourists for hundreds of years and are as fascinating now as they were when they were first uncovered. Cappadocia, Turkey Designated a World Heritage Site in 1985, Cappadocia is a place of flowing rock formations and stone-capped chimneys (狭缝). Consider taking one of the many hiking trails to get up close. Nearby, in the village of Uchisar are the ancient cave homes built by the people of the Bronze Age. Borobudur, Indonesia Borobudur is one of Indonesia’s most famous landmarks included in the list of World Heritage Sites in 1991. Located on the island of Java, this massive temple complex was constructed in the 700s, but two to three hundred years later, it was abandoned, possibly due to volcanic eruptions in the area, and went relatively undisturbed for centuries. The site was uncovered in the 1800s and later restored. Mesa Verde, U.S.A. Mesa Verde is home to some of the most well-preserved Indian ruins in North America. It has been on the list of World Heritage Sites since 1978. The most impressive sites are the cliff dwellings (住所), where the Ancestral Puebloans lived between the 12th century and the late 13th century. You can drive up to the top of the mesa to see pit houses and other ruins. Petra, Jordan Inscribed into the list of World Heritage Sites in 1985, this ancient capital city of the Nabataeans is a stone city with dwellings carved into sandstone walls. It has roots that trace back to as early as the 4th or 5th century B.C. Discovered in the early 1800s, it has been referred to as “the rose city” for the color of the rock. Situated in a mountainous area with limited access, it held a strategic position on the trade route in the region. Today, Petra is the most important tourist attraction in Jordan. 26. Which of the following appeared on the list of World Heritage Sites first? A. Cappadocia, Turkey. B. Borobudur, Indonesia. C. Mesa Verde, U.S.A. D. Petra, Jordan. 27. What can you enjoy in Cappadocia, Turkey? A. Cave homes. B. Temple complexes. C. Cliff dwellings. D. Rose-colored rocks. 28. What made Petra stand out in history? A. Its natural resources. B. Its critical location. C. Its dynamic tourism. D. Its unique scenery. 【答案】26. C 27. A 28. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个著名的世界遗产保护区。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据Cappadocia, Turkey部分中“Designated a World Heritage Site in 1985, Cappadocia is a place of flowing rock formations and stone-capped chimneys (狭缝).(卡帕多西亚在1985年被指定为世界遗产，这里有流动的岩层和石头顶的烟囱)”；以及Borobudur, Indonesia部分中“Borobudur is one of Indonesia’s most famous landmarks, included in the list of World Heritage Sites in 1991.(婆罗浮屠是印度尼西亚最著名的地标之一，1991年被列入世界遗产名录)”；以及Mesa Verde, U.S.A.部分中“It has been on the list of World Heritage Sites since 1978.(自1978年以来，它一直被列入世界遗产名录)”以及Petra, Jordan中“Inscribed into the list of World Heritage Sites in 1985, this ancient capital city of the Nabataeans is a stone city with dwellings carved into sandstone walls. (这座纳巴泰人的古都于1985年被列入世界遗产名录，是一座石城，民居雕刻在砂岩墙上)”可知，MesaVerde在1978年被列入世界遗产名录，与其他三个文化遗址相比，它是最先被纳入世界遗产名录的遗址。故选C。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据Cappadocia, Turkey部分最后一句“Nearby, in the village of Uchisar are the ancient cave homes built by the people of the Bronze Age.(附近的Uchisar村是青铜器时代的人们建造的古老洞穴房屋)”可知，在这里可以欣赏到青铜时代人类建造的古老洞穴住所。故选A。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Petra, Jordan部分倒数第二句“Situated in a mountainous area with limited access, it held a strategic position on the trade route in the region. Today, Petra is the most important tourist attraction in Jordan.(它位于山区，通道有限，在该地区的贸易路线上占有战略地位。今天，Petra是约旦最重要的旅游景点)”可知，由于位于山区通道受限的地方，Petra 在该地区的贸易路线上占据着战略位置，因此名垂千古。故选B。 B When Alex Lin was 11 years old, he read an alarming article in the newspaper which said that people were burying old computers in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumping (丟弃) cell phones in the garbage. This was dangerous because e-waste contains harmful chemicals that can leak into the environment, getting into crops, animals, water supplies — and people. Alex was really worried and decided to make it next project for WIN-the Westerly Innovations Network. Alex and six of his friends had formed this organization to help solve community problems two years before. But what could they do about this project with e-waste? The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans. They learned how to dispose (处置) of e-waste properly and how it could be recycled. Then, they sent out a survey and found only one in eight knew what e-waste was, let alone how to properly dispose of it. Alex and his friends went into action. They advertised in the local newspaper and distributed notices to students, asking residents to bring their unwanted electronics to the school parking lot. The drive lasted two days, and they collected over 9,500 kilograms of e-waste. The next step was to set up a long-term e-waste drop-off center for the town. After some research, they’d learned that reusing is the best way to deal with electronic devices and it is seven times more efficient than recycling. So, they began learning to refurbish (翻新) computers themselves and distributed them to students who didn’t have their own. In this way, they could help students in the area and protect the environment at the same time. For a lasting solution to e-waste, the drop-off center wasn’t enough. Laws would have to be passed. In 2016, WIN helped push for an e-waste bill in their town, which required companies that manufactured or sold electronics to take back e-waste. The bill clearly forbids the dumping of e-waste. Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about safe disposal of e-waste. As Alex says, “Today’s technology should not become tomorrow’s harmful garbage.” 29. What was Alex’s worry after he read the article? A. The recycling of plastic. B. The littering of e-waste. C. The change of environment. D. The overuse of old computers. 30. What did Alex do to start the project? A. Set up WIN. B. Carry out a survey. C. Collect information. D. Ask friends for help. 31. Which can best describe the way Alex and his team did their work? A. Traditional. B. Independent. C. Theoretical. D. Scientific. 32. What can we learn from this passage? A. Young people can make a big difference. B. There is no end to perfection. C. Success comes through failure. D. Every positive attitude has a reward. 【答案】29. B 30. C 31. D 32. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。为了解决电子垃圾可能危害环境的问题，Alex和他的朋友们创立了组织WIN，帮助人们正确处理电子垃圾并合理利用，甚至还帮助推进了他们镇上的电子垃圾法案。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“When Alex Lin was 11 years old, he read an alarming article in the newspaper which said that people were burying old computers in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumping (丟弃) cell phones in the garbage. (当亚历克斯·林11岁时，他在报纸上读到一篇令人震惊的文章，文中提到人们把旧电脑埋在后院，把电视扔进河流，把手机扔进垃圾桶。)”可推知，Alex读完文章后担心的是电子垃圾的丢弃。故选B。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans. (该团队花费了数周时间收集有关电子废弃物中有害化学物质及其对人体影响的相关信息)”可知，Alex开始项目的第一步就是收集信息。故选C。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans. They learned how to dispose (处置) of e-waste properly and how it could be recycled. (该团队花费了数周时间收集有关电子废弃物中有害化学物质及其对人体影响的信息。他们了解了如何正确处理电子废弃物以及如何对其进行回收利用。)”可知，Alex和他团队的工作是科学的。故选D。 【32题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“When Alex Lin was 11 years old, he read an alarming article in the newspaper which said that people were burying old computers in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumping (丟弃) cell phones in the garbage. (当亚历克斯·林11岁时，他在报纸上读到一篇令人震惊的文章，文中提到人们把旧电脑埋在后院，把电视扔进河流，把手机扔进垃圾桶。)”以及最后一段“Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about safe disposal of e-waste. As Alex says, “Today’s technology should not become tomorrow’s harmful garbage.” (由于“WIN”组织的努力，越来越多的人，比如亚历克斯及其团队，开始了解到如何安全处理电子废弃物。正如亚历克斯所说：“今天的科技不应成为明日的有害垃圾。”)”以及本文主要讲了一群十几岁的年轻人自发组织解决电子垃圾危害环境的问题，甚至通过努力帮助推进了镇子上电子垃圾相关的立法。因此可以看出这篇文章传递的信息是：年轻人可以产生重大的影响。故选A。 C London-based startup Brilliant Planet has rented 6,100 hectares of land in southern Morocco, situated between the Atlantc Ocean and the Sahara. And it’s using it to grow algae (藻类), which absorbs atmospheric carbon dioxide and sends out oxygen. Brilliant Planet’s CEO Adam Taylor says the company has developed a way to grow algae at extreme rates starting in a glass cup in a lab and ending in 12,000-square-meter pools of locally-sourced seawater. The algae is obtained from the water then pumped up a 10-story tower and sprayed into the desert air. In the 30 seconds or so it takes to reach the ground, hot air dries the biomass (生物质) out, leaving hypersaline (超盐的) algae pieces which can be collected and shallow buried, sequestering (使隔绝) their carbon for thousands of years. “Nature-based solutions are a great way of removing carbon,” Taylor said. “Deserts are an underused environment. It does not cost a lot of money to rent the desert. What’s more, you’re not competing with farms or forests. You’re out of the way, not bothering people.” Taylor claims that Brilliant Planet’s solution can permanently remove 30 times more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere per hectare per year than a typical European forest. Brilliant Planet’s goal is to remove one million metric tons of carbon dioxide per year by the end of the decade.“Globally, we’ve identified about half a million square kilometers of flat desert-ocean land where it works,” Taylor said, adding that the company hopes to set up in Namibia next. Fatna Ikrame El Fanne an environmental engineer, described the use of algae as “a new and promising strategy” that “is a typical example of innovative use of natural process to address an urgent global issue.” Nevertheless, she expressed caution. “Microalgae production on a large scale might damage local ecosystems, lead to overuse of water resources, and change habitats,” she said. There’s an acknowledgement that one company can’t do it all — and can’t go it alone. “We are part of a group of probably 40 to 50 wonderful ideas of how people can remove carbon from the atmosphere,” Taylor said, calling for “a Manhattan Project-type attitude” to tackling carbon capture. Whether algae is the solution the world needs remains to be seen. But the idea’s growing on people. 33. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about Brilliant Planet? A. Its establishment of an algae plant. B. Its method of growing algae. C. Its process of carbon capture. D. Its daily routine in the desert. 34. What advantage did Taylor highlight about using deserts for carbon removal? A. Huge profits. B. High temperature. C. No occupation of rich land. D. No biodiversity concerns. 35. What can be inferred about the use of algae from El Fanne’s words? A. It needs improving. B. It is highly efficient. C. It is not worth promoting. D. It is commercially developed. 36. Why is “a Manhattan Project- type attitude” mentioned in the last paragraph? A. To highlight the challenges of carbon removal. B. To recognize the contributions of Brilliant Planet. C. To prove the effectiveness of nature-based solutions. D. To emphasize the necessity of joint efforts. 【答案】33. C 34. C 35. A 36. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了总部位于伦敦的创业公司Brilliant Planet在摩洛哥南部租用了6100公顷的土地，用它来种植藻类，藻类吸收大气中的二氧化碳并释放氧气。 【33题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“The algae is obtained from the water then pumped up a 10-story tower and sprayed into the desert air. In the 30 seconds or so it takes to reach the ground, hot air dries the biomass (生物质) out, leaving hypersaline (超盐的) algae pieces which can be collected and shallow buried, sequestering (使隔绝) their carbon for thousands of years.(从水中提取藻类，然后泵入一座10层楼高的塔，喷洒到沙漠的空气中。在到达地面的30秒左右的时间里，热空气将生物质干燥，留下高盐分的藻类碎片，这些藻类可以被收集并浅埋，将它们的碳封存数千年)”可知，本段在介绍利用海藻吸收二氧化碳的过程。故选C项。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Deserts are an underused environment. It does not cost a lot of money to rent the desert. What’s more, you’re not competing with farms or forests. You’re out of the way, not bothering people.(沙漠是一个未被充分利用的环境。租用沙漠并不需要花很多钱。更重要的是，你不会与农场或森林竞争。你不碍事，不打扰别人)”可知，泰勒强调了利用沙漠去除碳的优势是不占用肥沃的土地。故选C项。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Nevertheless, she expressed caution. “Microalgae production on a large scale might damage local ecosystems, lead to overuse of water resources, and change habitats,” she said.”(然而，她表示谨慎。她说：“微藻的大规模生产可能会破坏当地的生态系统，导致水资源的过度使用，并改变栖息地”)”可知，使用海藻的方法仍需要改进。故选A项。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“There’s an acknowledgement that one company can’t do it all — and can’t go it alone.“We are part of a group of probably 40 to 50 wonderful ideas of how people can remove carbon from the atmosphere,” Taylor said, calling for “a Manhattan Project-type attitude” to tackling carbon capture.(人们承认，一家公司不可能包揽一切，也不可能单打独斗。泰勒说：“我们是一群关于人们如何从大气中去除碳的40到50个奇妙想法的一部分。”他呼吁以“曼哈顿计划式的态度”来解决碳捕获问题。)”可知，最后一段提到了“曼哈顿计划式的态度”是为了强调共同努力的必要性。故选D项。 D Humans have long gained pleasure from the smells of the natural world. For the most part, though, human beings are not their target market. For plants, fragrances (香味) are a way to interact with insects and other animals. Their attraction for people happens simply by chance. In chemical terms, most natural fragrances are made up of volatiles (挥发物), which change into gas easily and enter our noses. In plants’ reproductive (繁殖) processes, smelly volatiles attract pollinators (授粉昆虫). But their natural applications are much more varied. If an insect chews through the leaves of some Bursera plants, out shoots a sticky, smelly liquid to trap it. Coyote tobacco plants are even more crafty: upon sensing the smell of hungry insects, they produce volatiles that attract enemies to kill the pests. What is truly amazing is just how wise plants can be in using their fragrances for reproduction. White flowers often send out their fragrance at night to attract insects active at night such as moths. They produce a dilute nectar (稀释的花蜜) that encourages moths to keep moving, rather than stay at a single flower — all the better to increase pollination. Other flowers change their fragrance after being successfully pollinated, as a signal for insects to go elsewhere. But though “Fragrance” is a story of plants’ cleverness, it is also a tale of the human kind. People have long used fragrances for their own purposes, particularly for use in religious ceremonies: perfume recipes on the walls of an Egyptian temple demonstrate just how long ingredients have been mixed in pursuit of the best blend. So highly prized were some fragrances that, to scare off competitors, Arab traders spread a story about giant eagles that guarded cinnamon (桂皮香料). Eventually scientists no longer needed natural sources for fragrances. In 1866, a fragrance molecule was produced for the first time. Sixteen years later, Houbigant Parfum released Fougere Royale, the first “modern fantasy perfume” that creates an imaginary fragrance rather than copying a natural one. Nowadays fragrance-making is dominated by man-made substance, which can be reliably and affordably produced in large quantities. That has led to the mass production of smelly products, from toilet paper to toothpaste. Fragrance is accordingly big business. It is said that a world-famous fragrance and flavour manufacturer that claims people interact with its products up to 30 times a day, had sales of €3.8bn last year. 37. What can we learn from the passage? A. Humans do not use fragrances as purposefully as plants do. B. Natural sources for fragrances will be out of date in the future. C. Man-made fragrances have to be produced by copying natural ones. D. Plants use fragrances to both attract and send away pollinators. 38. What does the underlined word “prized” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A. Developed. B. Rewarded. C. Valued. D. Mixed. 39. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Plants Smell, Insects Hunt B. Fragrance Connects Human & Nature C. Fragrance: To Make or Not to Make D. Smartness behind Fragrance 【答案】37. D 38. C 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍植物利用香气生存繁殖，及人类开发合成香气的历程与应用。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“What is truly amazing is just how wise plants can be in using their fragrances for reproduction. White flowers often send out their fragrance at night to attract insects active at night such as moths. They produce a dilute nectar (稀释的花蜜) that encourages moths to keep moving, rather than stay at a single flower — all the better to increase pollination. Other flowers change their fragrance after being successfully pollinated, as a signal for insects to go elsewhere.(真正令人惊奇的是，植物在利用香味进行繁殖方面是多么聪明。白色的花经常在晚上散发香味，以吸引夜间活动的昆虫，如飞蛾。它们产生一种稀释的花蜜，鼓励飞蛾不断移动，而不是停留在一朵花上——这样更有利于增加授粉。其他花朵在成功授粉后会改变香味，作为昆虫去别处的信号。)”可知，植物利用香味既吸引传粉者，也驱赶传粉者（已成功授粉后让它们去别处）。故选D。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“So highly prized were some fragrances that, to scare off competitors, Arab traders spread a story about giant eagles that guarded cinnamon (桂皮香料).(一些香味非常prized，以至于为了吓跑竞争对手，阿拉伯商人传播了一个关于守护桂皮香料的巨鹰的故事。)”可知，香料因稀缺珍贵才会让商人编造传说垄断货源，一些香味非常受重视，由此推测prized的含义是“受珍视的，宝贵的”。故选C。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Humans have long gained pleasure from the smells of the natural world. For the most part, though, human beings are not their target market. For plants, fragrances (香味) are a way to interact with insects and other animals. Their attraction for people happens simply by chance.(人类长久以来都在享受着自然界的芬芳气息。但大多数时候，人类并非这些香气的“目标受众”。对植物而言，香气是它们与昆虫及其他动物沟通互动的工具，而香气能够吸引人类，不过是一种巧合。)”、第三段中“What is truly amazing is just how wise plants can be in using their fragrances for reproduction. (真正令人惊叹的，是植物在利用香气繁殖方面展现出的非凡智慧。)”、第四段中“But though “Fragrance” is a story of plants’ cleverness, it is also a tale of the human kind.(然而，“香气”的故事，既是植物智慧的体现，也与人类的历史息息相关。)”可知，主要介绍植物利用香气生存繁殖，及人类开发合成香气的历程与应用，即芬芳背后的智慧。因此D项“芬芳背后的智慧”可以作为本文标题。故选D。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Psychologists have long been interested in what sets successful people apart from the rest of us. After years of research, key characteristics shared by all Super Successful People (SSPs) are identified as follows. ____40____ SSPs are very enthusiastic about their work and they love what they do The enthusiasm drives people to achieve their goals and reach new levels of success. They are driven by a sense of purpose. SSPs know what they want and they have a strong sense of purpose that drives them forward. Whether it’s making an impact in the world or providing for their family, they are motivated by something deeper than just money or fame. They have the ability to control their thoughts, emotions, and actions. ____41____ They are resilient (有复原力的). SSPs are known for their resilience in the face of adversity. Whether they encounter a setback in their personal lives or professional careers, they always find a way to pick themselves up and keep going. ____42____ They know that these are just parts of the journey to success and they don’t let them get in the way of their goals. They are disciplined. SSPs always exhibit a high degree of self-control and willpower in everything they do. ____43____ Whether it’s waking up early, eating healthily, or getting enough exercise, they always take the necessary steps to achieve their goals. SSPs are also highly adaptable. ____44____ They are able to stay on top of changes in their industry and keep up with new trends and developments. A. They are passionate. B. They are motivated by needs to meet. C. They are able to bounce back from problems and failures. D. Discipline is the bridge between goals and accomplishments. E. They’re able to stay focused on their goals no matter what happens. F. They are extremely disciplined in their work habits and personal routines. G. It means they are able to accommodate to change and remain flexible in their approach. 【答案】40. A 41. E 42. C 43. F 44. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了超级成功人士所共有的关键特征。 【40题详解】 由下文“SSPs are very enthusiastic about their work and they love what they do.(超级成功人士对自己的工作非常热情，他们热爱自己所做的事。)”可知，此处需总述“热情”这一特质。A项“They are passionate.(他们充满热情。)”中“passionate”与“enthusiastic”、“love what they do”直接呼应，作为段落标题统领对“热情驱动成功”的论述，形成“总述特质→具体说明”的结构。故选A项。 【41题详解】 由上文“They have the ability to control their thoughts, emotions, and actions.(他们有能力控制自己的思想、情绪和行为。)”可知，此处需说明这种自控力的结果。E项“They’re able to stay focused on their goals no matter what happens.(无论发生什么，他们都能专注于自己的目标。) ”中“stay focused on their goals”是“control thoughts, emotions, actions”的直接体现，与“strong sense of purpose that drives them forward”形成逻辑递进，说明目标专注是自控力带来的核心成果。故选E项。 【42题详解】 由上文“Whether they encounter a setback in their personal lives or professional careers, they always find a way to pick themselves up and keep going.(无论他们在个人生活或职业生涯中遇到挫折，他们总是能找到一种方法来振作起来，继续前进。)”及下文“They know that these are just parts of the journey to success.(他们知道这些只是成功之路的一部分。)”可知，此处需说明他们如何应对挫折。C项“They are able to bounce back from problems and failures.(他们能够从问题和失败中恢复过来。)”中“bounce back from problems and failures”是“pick themselves up”的同义表述，“problems and failures”对应“setback”，形成“总述复原力→具体表现”的衔接，解释了他们面对逆境时的核心能力。故选C项。 【43题详解】 由上文“They are disciplined. SSPs always exhibit a high degree of self-control and willpower.(他们自律。超级成功人士在做任何事时都表现出高度的自控力和意志力。)”可知，此处需说明自律在具体方面的体现。F项“They are extremely disciplined in their work habits and personal routines.(他们在工作习惯和个人日常中极其自律。)”中“work habits and personal routines”是“everything they do”的具体领域，与下文“waking up early, eating healthily”等例子直接对应，形成“总述自律→具体场景体现”的逻辑。故选F项。 【44题详解】 由上文“SSPs are also highly adaptable.(超级成功人士也具有很强的适应性。)”及下文“They are able to stay on top of changes in their industry.(他们能够跟上行业的变化。)”可知，此处需解释“适应性”的含义。G项“It means they are able to accommodate to change and remain flexible in their approach.(这意味着他们能够适应变化，并在方法上保持灵活。)”中it指代“adaptable”，“accommodate to change”、“remain flexible”直接解释了“适应性”的内涵，与“stay on top of changes”形成“概念解释→实际表现”的衔接。故选G项。 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，27分） 第一节（共4小题；第45、46题每小题2分，第47题3分，第48题5分，共12分） 阅读下面的短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 We’ve all seen the little kids—losing temper in the toy store, screaming in restaurants and generally making a scene in public. For their parents, giving in to a kid’s monstrous behavior helps to end the mess and gain some peace and quiet, and this is where overindulgence begins. According to Kathy Webb, a psychotherapist in Brunswick, overindulgence is the result of parents’ beliefs. A lot of overindulging parents believe their children should be happy all the time, which is the reason why the parents try to avoid conflict at all costs. They also hold that overindulgence equals love, but experts insist that being overly permissive and indulgent is not a healthy kind of love. Overindulgence can create a myriad of wrong attitudes and behaviors in children. When overindulged, children develop unrealistic expectations which do not serve them as they grow. Healthy parenting, Webb said, means giving children unconditional love, quality time, healthy discipline and respect for what is appropriate. “Healthy parents promote good values and use everyday life experiences to teach their children,” she said. Many parents don’t intentionally overindulge but fail to follow through on consequences. “Consequences help children develop their own self-guidance skills,” Webb said. “Without consequences, children never learn to discipline themselves.” But parents who have overindulged shouldn’t just throw up their hands and walk away from the situation, feeling like failures. There are steps that can be taken to turn family life around. “All is not lost,” Webb said. “You just have to take it step by step.” Identifying problems and what can be done to correct them are the first steps. This is where parents might want to invest in some counseling or parent coaching and refer to some parenting books. Such parents should also manage to regain proper parental power. In some families, overindulging parents are acting like peers, not parents. Consistency is also important—children often imitate the behavior they see from their parents. “Say what you mean and mean what you say,” Webb said. It seems that all it takes is one raised eyebrow and a very stern look to stop the misbehaviour. But Webb believes what really grounded her children is their inclusion in the family’s life, not just the fun stuff like vacations and outings. They should also be taught to clean house, cook, and do laundry. 45. What do overindulgent parents believe? _______________________________________________________________ 46. What is healthy parenting according to Webb? _______________________________________________________________ 47. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. To relieve overindulgence, parents can take certain steps such as acting like kids’ peers and ensuring consistency. _______________________________________________________________ 48. Share one parenting method that benefits your growth and explain why.(In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________ 【答案】45. They believe that their children should be happy all the time and overindulgence equals love. 46. Healthy parenting means giving children unconditional love, quality time, healthy discipline and respect for what is appropriate. 47. To relieve overindulgence, parents can take certain steps such as acting like kids’ peers and ensuring consistency. To relieve overindulgence, parents can take certain steps such as regaining proper parental power and ensuring consistency 48. My parents adopt positive reinforcement by praising me for completing a task or exhibiting good manners. Whenever I receive praise and recognition for positive behaviors, I feel valued and respected, leading to increased self-esteem and confidence./My parents give me unconditional love. They always try to create a loving and supporting atmosphere, where I feel emotionally secure and free of stress. Moreover, as such a parenting style allows me to forge close relationship with them, I have also enhanced the ability to build positive relationships with others. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了布伦瑞克的心理治疗师凯西·韦伯(Kathy Webb)说，过度放纵是父母信念的结果。许多过度溺爱的父母认为他们的孩子应该一直快乐，这就是为什么父母不惜一切代价避免冲突的原因。他们还认为，过度放纵等于爱，但专家坚持认为，过度纵容和放纵不是一种健康的爱。 【45题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段中“A lot of overindulging parents believe their children should be happy all the time, which is the reason why the parents try to avoid conflict at all costs. They also hold that overindulgence equals love, but experts insist that being overly permissive and indulgent is not a healthy kind of love.”（许多过度溺爱的父母认为他们的孩子应该一直快乐，这就是为什么父母不惜一切代价避免冲突的原因。他们还认为，过度放纵等于爱，但专家坚持认为，过度纵容和放纵不是一种健康的爱。）可知，过度溺爱的父母相信他们认为他们的孩子应该一直快乐，过度放纵等于爱。故答案为They believe that their children should be happy all the time and overindulgence equals love. 【46题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Healthy parenting, Webb said, means giving children unconditional love, quality time, healthy discipline and respect for what is appropriate.”（韦布说，健康的养育方式意味着给予孩子无条件的爱、高质量的时间、健康的纪律和适当的尊重。）可知，韦伯认为健康的养育意味着给予孩子无条件的爱、优质的时间、健康的纪律和对适当事物的尊重。故答案为Healthy parenting means giving children unconditional love, quality time, healthy discipline and respect for what is appropriate. 【47题详解】 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“Such parents should also manage to regain proper parental power. In some families, overindulging parents are acting like peers, not parents. Consistency is also important—children often imitate the behavior they see from their parents.”（这样的父母也应该设法重新获得适当的父母权力。在一些家庭中，过度溺爱的父母表现得像同龄人，而不是父母。一致性也很重要——孩子们经常模仿他们从父母那里看到的行为。）可知，To relieve overindulgence, parents can take certain steps such as acting like kids’ peers and ensuring consistency.（为了减轻过度溺爱，父母可以采取一些措施，比如像孩子的同龄人一样行事，并确保孩子的言行一致。）这项陈述中，“比如像孩子的同龄人一样行事”这句话是错误的。正确的做法是：为了减轻过度溺爱，父母可以采取一些措施，比如重新获得适当的父母权力，并确保孩子的一致性。故答案为To relieve overindulgence, parents can take certain steps such as acting like kids’ peers and ensuring consistency. To relieve overindulgence, parents can take certain steps such as regaining proper parental power and ensuring consistency. 【48题详解】 考查主观评价。根据文章大意以及题干的要求“分享一种对你的成长有益的育儿方法，并解释原因”，言之有理即可。参考答案：我的父母通过表扬我完成了一项任务或表现出良好的举止来采取积极的强化措施。每当我因为积极的行为而受到赞扬和认可时，我就会感到被重视和尊重，从而增强自尊和信心。故答案为My parents adopt positive reinforcement by praising me for completing a task or exhibiting good manners. Whenever I receive praise and recognition for positive behaviors, I feel valued and respected, leading to increased self-esteem and confidence. 第二节（15分） 49. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。近期，你校学生会组织了一场辩论赛，主题为“中学生是否可以借助网络资源完成作业”。你的英国笔友Jim从学校网站看到了相关信息，对此很感兴趣，来信询问辩论赛的开展情况。请你用英文给他回复邮件，内容包括： 1.正反双方的观点及理由； 2.你的看法。 注意: 1.词数 100 左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, How’s everything going? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What’s your idea about the topic? Look forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, How is everything going? Our Student Union held a debate on whether middle school students could do homework with the help of the internet. Students who support it maintain that many apps can facilitate our learning. For instance, we often use some apps to practice English listening and speaking skills, which can offer us real-time feedbacks. In this way, we can identify our problems and quickly make adjustments. Compared to asking teachers and classmates, it is more convenient and efficient. However, every coin has two sides. Opponents think the drawbacks of doing homework with the help of the internet outweigh its benefits. Firstly, as not so many of us are so self-disciplined, few students can resist the temptation of online ads or games, which disrupts our learning. Moreover, easy access to answers to difficult questions online will foster heavy reliance on the internet and gradually rob us of our independent thinking ability. From my perspective, teenagers can easily fall victim to online distractions. We had better keep a distance from it and refrain from using it while doing homework.（反对） In my opinion, we should use the internet wisely and be fully aware of its possible downsides.（中立） As far as I’m concerned, using the internet to study and work has become the norm of modern society. The earlier students gain the ability to make full use of it, the better it will be for our future development.（支持） What’s your idea about the topic? Look forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Jim回复邮件，介绍学校组织的主题为“中学生是否可以借助网络资源完成作业”的辩论赛。 【详解】1.词汇积累 举行：hold→take place 例如：for instance→for example 然而：however→nevertheless 此外：morever→furthermore 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：In this way, we can identify our problems and quickly make adjustments. 拓展句：In this way can we identify our problems, quickly making adjustments. 【点睛】【高分句型1】For instance, we often use some apps to practice English listening and speaking skills, which can offer us real-time feedbacks.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】We had better keep a distance from it and refrain from using it while doing homework.（运用了状语从句的省略结构） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 十一顺义学校 12月份教与学质量监测 高二英语试卷 2025.12 第一部分：知识运用（共三节，35分） 第一节 完型填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上涂黑。 In the early 1950s I was a junior high student at Punahou School in Hawaii. During summer vacations, I often swam at Waikiki Beach. There was another man who would also turn up. He was a tall, handsome, silver-haired Hawaiian. Occasionally I saw him swimming gracefully and effortlessly at a(n) ____1____ pace to the beach wall and back again. One morning when I arrived as usual, he walked past me on his way to the water. Suddenly he stopped and asked me if I’d like to swim against him. “Just for fun. Down to the beach wall and back.” He pointed toward our destination. After some thought, I ____2____ it. We jumped into the water and started swimming. Teenagers are often very competitive, and I was no different. I started out as fast as I could to build a strong ____3____. But in the first 50 yards, we were even. When we reached the beach wall, we were still even. I was already exhausted. My legs felt heavy. My shoulders started to burn. As we ____4____, my arms and shoulders were numb, and my head was spinning. I wanted very ____5____ to quit and relax the rest of the way. But I struggled and ____6____ it, fighting the water. When we finally arrived where we started, I was out of breath. “Just about even. You’re pretty good, “he said. He walked out of the water and up the beach. I stayed where I was, ____7____. When my friend, Sammy Kauua, arrived ten minutes later, I couldn’t wait to tell him what had happened. Sammy laughed, “Are you kidding? That’s Duke Kahanamoku. He won gold medals at the Olympics!” Several days later when I saw Kahanamoku on the beach, I talked to him about his swimming ____8____. What I really wanted to know was how an athlete could become good enough to wind in the Olympics. “Oh, I trained, “he said. “But not hard, really. I did most of my swimming at the beach. I swam because I liked it. We trained of course, but ____9____ we just swam. It was natural.” I was touched at that time because there was no secret recipe for success as an athlete. Thinking back on it now, though, I find the ____10____ he gave me very appealing. 1. A. perfect B. embarrassing C. terrifying D. obvious 2. A. considered B. accepted C. rejected D. changed 3. A. lead B. objective C. distance D. chance 4. A. turned up B. turned down C. turned off D. turned back 5. A. delightedly B. angrily C. badly D. worriedly 6. A. made B. got C. achieved D. realized 7. A. inquiring B. complaining C. crying D. smiling 8. A. choice B. reward C. promise D. career 9. A. recently B. originally C. mostly D. partly 10. A. experience B. answer C. concept D. belief 第二节 语法填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Humor is indeed a powerful way of ___11___ (handle) stressors, which “activate how we feel, how we think, how we act — and our physiology,” says Sultanoff, a clinical psychologist. Humor does exactly the same things, just ___12___ a different direction. Stress may make someone feel anxious or angry; humor replaces that feeling with a moment of joy, lightness, surprise or connection. In many situations, while you ___13___ (experience) humor, you cannot experience distressing emotions. These emotions just disappear. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The first near-zero energy house, ____14____ (locate) in Banbidian village in Beijing’s southern district of Daxing, won the International Design Award in the United States in January last year. The 400-square-meter property, ____15____ stands at the entrance to the village, runs on solar power gathered from rooftop panels, with the addition of a small amount of power from the grid (电网). The property ____16____ (divide) into five areas: a solar garden in the front yard, a central lounge, a water courtyard, a sponge zone, and a back room. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Frances Arnold has always been a rebel (叛逆者). Her willingness ____17____ (question) authority and make her own way helped her earn the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. After graduating from Princeton University in 1979, she ____18____ (brief) took up jobs in solar technology. Realizing it was not ____19____ she was passionate about, she went back to school and joined the faculty at Caltech (加州理工学院). Since then, she ____20____ (work) there in the fields of chemical engineering, bioengineering and biochemistry. 第三节 选词填空（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分） 根据句意，从所给方框中选择词汇并使用其恰当形式完成句子，每词只使用一次。 enhance embarrassment psychological be to blame restore 21. Regular exercise and chatting with friends are helpful to reduce ________ pressure caused by heavy study tasks. 22. It will take several years to ________ the forest that was destroyed by the big fire last summer. 23. A small smile from the teacher can ________ students’ confidence in speaking English in class. 24. For the problem of white pollution, not only the producers ________ but also every consumer should change their habits. 25. After Mike made a silly mistake at the party, he tried to hide his ________ by telling a funny joke. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Some of the World Heritage Sites have been attracting tourists for hundreds of years and are as fascinating now as they were when they were first uncovered. Cappadocia, Turkey Designated a World Heritage Site in 1985, Cappadocia is a place of flowing rock formations and stone-capped chimneys (狭缝). Consider taking one of the many hiking trails to get up close. Nearby, in the village of Uchisar are the ancient cave homes built by the people of the Bronze Age. Borobudur, Indonesia Borobudur is one of Indonesia’s most famous landmarks, included in the list of World Heritage Sites in 1991. Located on the island of Java, this massive temple complex was constructed in the 700s, but two to three hundred years later, it was abandoned, possibly due to volcanic eruptions in the area, and went relatively undisturbed for centuries. The site was uncovered in the 1800s and later restored. Mesa Verde, U.S.A. Mesa Verde is home to some of the most well-preserved Indian ruins in North America. It has been on the list of World Heritage Sites since 1978. The most impressive sites are the cliff dwellings (住所), where the Ancestral Puebloans lived between the 12th century and the late 13th century. You can drive up to the top of the mesa to see pit houses and other ruins. Petra, Jordan Inscribed into the list of World Heritage Sites in 1985, this ancient capital city of the Nabataeans is a stone city with dwellings carved into sandstone walls. It has roots that trace back to as early as the 4th or 5th century B.C. Discovered in the early 1800s, it has been referred to as “the rose city” for the color of the rock. Situated in a mountainous area with limited access, it held a strategic position on the trade route in the region. Today, Petra is the most important tourist attraction in Jordan. 26. Which of the following appeared on the list of World Heritage Sites first? A. Cappadocia, Turkey. B. Borobudur, Indonesia. C. Mesa Verde, U.S.A. D. Petra, Jordan. 27. What can you enjoy in Cappadocia, Turkey? A. Cave homes. B. Temple complexes. C. Cliff dwellings. D. Rose-colored rocks. 28. What made Petra stand out in history? A. Its natural resources. B. Its critical location. C. Its dynamic tourism. D. Its unique scenery. B When Alex Lin was 11 years old, he read an alarming article in the newspaper which said that people were burying old computers in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumping (丟弃) cell phones in the garbage. This was dangerous because e-waste contains harmful chemicals that can leak into the environment, getting into crops, animals, water supplies — and people. Alex was really worried and decided to make it next project for WIN-the Westerly Innovations Network. Alex and six of his friends had formed this organization to help solve community problems two years before. But what could they do about this project with e-waste? The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans. They learned how to dispose (处置) of e-waste properly and how it could be recycled. Then, they sent out a survey and found only one in eight knew what e-waste was, let alone how to properly dispose of it. Alex and his friends went into action. They advertised in the local newspaper and distributed notices to students asking residents to bring their unwanted electronics to the school parking lot. The drive lasted two days, and they collected over 9,500 kilograms of e-waste. The next step was to set up a long-term e-waste drop-off center for the town. After some research, they’d learned that reusing is the best way to deal with electronic devices and it is seven times more efficient than recycling. So, they began learning to refurbish (翻新) computers themselves and distributed them to students who didn’t have their own. In this way, they could help students in the area and protect the environment at the same time. For a lasting solution to e-waste, the drop-off center wasn’t enough. Laws would have to be passed. In 2016, WIN helped push for an e-waste bill in their town, which required companies that manufactured or sold electronics to take back e-waste. The bill clearly forbids the dumping of e-waste. Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about safe disposal of e-waste. As Alex says, “Today’s technology should not become tomorrow’s harmful garbage.” 29. What was Alex’s worry after he read the article? A. The recycling of plastic. B. The littering of e-waste. C. The change of environment. D. The overuse of old computers. 30. What did Alex do to start the project? A Set up WIN. B. Carry out a survey. C. Collect information. D. Ask friends for help. 31. Which can best describe the way Alex and his team did their work? A. Traditional. B. Independent. C. Theoretical. D. Scientific. 32. What can we learn from this passage? A Young people can make a big difference. B. There is no end to perfection. C. Success comes through failure. D. Every positive attitude has a reward. C London-based startup Brilliant Planet has rented 6,100 hectares of land in southern Morocco, situated between the Atlantc Ocean and the Sahara. And it’s using it to grow algae (藻类), which absorbs atmospheric carbon dioxide and sends out oxygen. Brilliant Planet’s CEO Adam Taylor says the company has developed a way to grow algae at extreme rates starting in a glass cup in a lab and ending in 12,000-square-meter pools of locally-sourced seawater. The algae is obtained from the water then pumped up a 10-story tower and sprayed into the desert air. In the 30 seconds or so it takes to reach the ground, hot air dries the biomass (生物质) out, leaving hypersaline (超盐的) algae pieces which can be collected and shallow buried, sequestering (使隔绝) their carbon for thousands of years. “Nature-based solutions are a great way of removing carbon,” Taylor said. “Deserts are an underused environment. It does not cost a lot of money to rent the desert. What’s more, you’re not competing with farms or forests. You’re out of the way, not bothering people.” Taylor claims that Brilliant Planet’s solution can permanently remove 30 times more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere per hectare per year than a typical European forest. Brilliant Planet’s goal is to remove one million metric tons of carbon dioxide per year by the end of the decade.“Globally, we’ve identified about half a million square kilometers of flat desert-ocean land where it works,” Taylor said, adding that the company hopes to set up in Namibia next. Fatna Ikrame El Fanne, an environmental engineer, described the use of algae as “a new and promising strategy” that “is a typical example of innovative use of natural process to address an urgent global issue.” Nevertheless, she expressed caution. “Microalgae production on a large scale might damage local ecosystems, lead to overuse of water resources, and change habitats,” she said. There’s an acknowledgement that one company can’t do it all — and can’t go it alone. “We are part of a group of probably 40 to 50 wonderful ideas of how people can remove carbon from the atmosphere,” Taylor said, calling for “a Manhattan Project-type attitude” to tackling carbon capture. Whether algae is the solution the world needs remains to be seen. But the idea’s growing on people. 33. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about Brilliant Planet? A. Its establishment of an algae plant. B. Its method of growing algae. C. Its process of carbon capture. D. Its daily routine in the desert. 34. What advantage did Taylor highlight about using deserts for carbon removal? A. Huge profits. B. High temperature. C. No occupation of rich land. D. No biodiversity concerns. 35. What can be inferred about the use of algae from El Fanne’s words? A. It needs improving. B. It is highly efficient. C. It is not worth promoting. D. It is commercially developed. 36. Why is “a Manhattan Project- type attitude” mentioned in the last paragraph? A. To highlight the challenges of carbon removal. B. To recognize the contributions of Brilliant Planet. C. To prove the effectiveness of nature-based solutions. D. To emphasize the necessity of joint efforts. D Humans have long gained pleasure from the smells of the natural world. For the most part, though, human beings are not their target market. For plants, fragrances (香味) are a way to interact with insects and other animals. Their attraction for people happens simply by chance. In chemical terms, most natural fragrances are made up of volatiles (挥发物), which change into gas easily and enter our noses. In plants’ reproductive (繁殖) processes, smelly volatiles attract pollinators (授粉昆虫). But their natural applications are much more varied. If an insect chews through the leaves of some Bursera plants, out shoots a sticky, smelly liquid to trap it. Coyote tobacco plants are even more crafty: upon sensing the smell of hungry insects, they produce volatiles that attract enemies to kill the pests. What is truly amazing is just how wise plants can be in using their fragrances for reproduction. White flowers often send out their fragrance at night to attract insects active at night such as moths. They produce a dilute nectar (稀释的花蜜) that encourages moths to keep moving, rather than stay at a single flower — all the better to increase pollination. Other flowers change their fragrance after being successfully pollinated, as a signal for insects to go elsewhere. But though “Fragrance” is a story of plants’ cleverness, it is also a tale of the human kind. People have long used fragrances for their own purposes, particularly for use in religious ceremonies: perfume recipes on the walls of an Egyptian temple demonstrate just how long ingredients have been mixed in pursuit of the best blend. So highly prized were some fragrances that, to scare off competitors, Arab traders spread a story about giant eagles that guarded cinnamon (桂皮香料). Eventually scientists no longer needed natural sources for fragrances. In 1866, a fragrance molecule was produced for the first time. Sixteen years later, Houbigant Parfum released Fougere Royale, the first “modern fantasy perfume” that creates an imaginary fragrance rather than copying a natural one. Nowadays fragrance-making is dominated by man-made substance, which can be reliably and affordably produced in large quantities. That has led to the mass production of smelly products, from toilet paper to toothpaste. Fragrance is accordingly big business. It is said that a world-famous fragrance and flavour manufacturer that claims people interact with its products up to 30 times a day, had sales of €3.8bn last year. 37. What can we learn from the passage? A. Humans do not use fragrances as purposefully as plants do. B. Natural sources for fragrances will be out of date in the future. C. Man-made fragrances have to be produced by copying natural ones. D. Plants use fragrances to both attract and send away pollinators. 38 What does the underlined word “prized” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A. Developed. B. Rewarded. C. Valued. D. Mixed. 39. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Plants Smell, Insects Hunt B. Fragrance Connects Human & Nature C. Fragrance: To Make or Not to Make D. Smartness behind Fragrance 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Psychologists have long been interested in what sets successful people apart from the rest of us. After years of research, key characteristics shared by all Super Successful People (SSPs) are identified as follows. ____40____ SSPs are very enthusiastic about their work and they love what they do. The enthusiasm drives people to achieve their goals and reach new levels of success. They are driven by a sense of purpose. SSPs know what they want and they have a strong sense of purpose that drives them forward. Whether it’s making an impact in the world or providing for their family, they are motivated by something deeper than just money or fame. They have the ability to control their thoughts, emotions, and actions. ____41____ They are resilient (有复原力的). SSPs are known for their resilience in the face of adversity. Whether they encounter a setback in their personal lives or professional careers, they always find a way to pick themselves up and keep going. ____42____ They know that these are just parts of the journey to success and they don’t let them get in the way of their goals. They are disciplined. SSPs always exhibit a high degree of self-control and willpower in everything they do. ____43____ Whether it’s waking up early, eating healthily, or getting enough exercise, they always take the necessary steps to achieve their goals. SSPs are also highly adaptable. ____44____ They are able to stay on top of changes in their industry and keep up with new trends and developments. A. They are passionate. B. They are motivated by needs to meet. C. They are able to bounce back from problems and failures. D. Discipline is the bridge between goals and accomplishments. E. They’re able to stay focused on their goals no matter what happens. F. They are extremely disciplined in their work habits and personal routines. G. It means they are able to accommodate to change and remain flexible in their approach. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，27分） 第一节（共4小题；第45、46题每小题2分，第47题3分，第48题5分，共12分） 阅读下面的短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 We’ve all seen the little kids—losing temper in the toy store, screaming in restaurants and generally making a scene in public. For their parents, giving in to a kid’s monstrous behavior helps to end the mess and gain some peace and quiet, and this is where overindulgence begins. According to Kathy Webb, a psychotherapist in Brunswick, overindulgence is the result of parents’ beliefs. A lot of overindulging parents believe their children should be happy all the time, which is the reason why the parents try to avoid conflict at all costs. They also hold that overindulgence equals love, but experts insist that being overly permissive and indulgent is not a healthy kind of love. Overindulgence can create a myriad of wrong attitudes and behaviors in children. When overindulged, children develop unrealistic expectations which do not serve them as they grow. Healthy parenting, Webb said, means giving children unconditional love, quality time, healthy discipline and respect for what is appropriate. “Healthy parents promote good values and use everyday life experiences to teach their children,” she said. Many parents don’t intentionally overindulge, but fail to follow through on consequences. “Consequences help children develop their own self-guidance skills,” Webb said. “Without consequences, children never learn to discipline themselves.” But parents who have overindulged shouldn’t just throw up their hands and walk away from the situation, feeling like failures. There are steps that can be taken to turn family life around. “All is not lost,” Webb said. “You just have to take it step by step.” Identifying problems and what can be done to correct them are the first steps. This is where parents might want to invest in some counseling or parent coaching and refer to some parenting books. Such parents should also manage to regain proper parental power. In some families, overindulging parents are acting like peers, not parents. Consistency is also important—children often imitate the behavior they see from their parents. “Say what you mean and mean what you say,” Webb said. It seems that all it takes is one raised eyebrow and a very stern look to stop the misbehaviour. But Webb believes what really grounded her children is their inclusion in the family’s life, not just the fun stuff like vacations and outings. They should also be taught to clean house, cook, and do laundry. 45. What do overindulgent parents believe? _______________________________________________________________ 46. What is healthy parenting according to Webb? _______________________________________________________________ 47. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. To relieve overindulgence, parents can take certain steps such as acting like kids’ peers and ensuring consistency. _______________________________________________________________ 48. Share one parenting method that benefits your growth and explain why.(In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________ 第二节（15分） 49. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。近期，你校学生会组织了一场辩论赛，主题为“中学生是否可以借助网络资源完成作业”。你的英国笔友Jim从学校网站看到了相关信息，对此很感兴趣，来信询问辩论赛的开展情况。请你用英文给他回复邮件，内容包括： 1.正反双方的观点及理由； 2.你的看法。 注意: 1.词数 100 左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, How’s everything going? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What’s your idea about the topic? Look forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $