Unit3 Sea Exploration 单元测试卷-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第四册

Unit3 Sea Exploration单元测试卷（答案） 第一部分 阅读理解 第一节 1. B。主旨题。第一段介绍了海洋探索的基本背景：海洋覆盖面积、探索历史、现代技术和挑战，属于话题引入。 2. C。细节题。根据第一段第二句“...the Challenger expedition, which laid the foundation for marine science.” 3. B。细节题。根据第一段“deep-sea exploration is still challenging due to extreme pressure, darkness, and cold temperatures.” 4. B。细节题。根据第二段第一句“...the study of human interaction with the sea through material remains...” 5. B。例证题。泰坦尼克号的发现是作为海洋考古学一个重要案例被引用的。 6. C。细节题。根据第二段“ethical questions... Should shipwrecks, often considered underwater graves, be disturbed?” 7. B。词义理解题。根据括号内的解释“(leaving sites untouched)”可知。 8. B。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“It means understanding the ocean’s influence on you and your influence on the ocean.” 9. D。细节判断题。A、B、C三项在第三段中均被列为将海洋视为“垃圾场”的后果，D项“旅游业增加”未提及。 10. C。细节题。根据第三段“threatening shell-forming organisms like corals and oysters.” 11. B。态度题。作者在最后一句指出推广海洋素养是关键，并阐述了其积极作用，持支持态度。 12. B。细节题。根据第四段第二句“which explores marine organisms for new medicines, biofuels, and industrial materials.” 13. B。细节理解题。作者提到了深海采矿的前景(“promising area”)但也明确指出了其环境风险。 14. C。词义推断题。根据“precautionary approach”后的破折号解释“thorough research and strict regulations must precede any large-scale exploitation”可知。 15. B。主旨题。最后一段的核心信息是可持续的、合作的、基于科学研究的海洋探索与开发。 第二节 16. A。后文详细描述了ROV的特点，与此句形成总分结构。 17. C。后文介绍AUV，并与ROV进行比较，C项引出另一类工具。 18. E。前句提到载人潜水器，E项中的“These manned vessels”与之呼应，并引出了“Alvin”的例子。 19. G。此句承上启下，从介绍潜水器转向介绍声呐、卫星等其他技术。 20. 此处为段落结尾，但已给选项均不十分贴合完美的总结句。原题设计此处应为段落结尾的展望。结合原文最后一句“As technology advances...”，选项中没有直接匹配的，但本部分主要考察中间逻辑。根据原文，16-19题已选出A、C、E、G。 第二部分 语言知识运用 第一节 完形填空 21. B。desire to do sth.“做某事的欲望”，符合驱动创新的语境。 22. A。accelerated“加速、快速发展”，表示深海探索在20世纪随着新发明而加速。 23. B。plunged into history“载入史册”，且plunge有“投入、跳入”之意，与下潜相关。 24. C。absolute blackness“彻底的黑暗”，描述深海环境。 25. C。daring“大胆的、勇敢的”，与后文“fraught with risk（充满风险）”对应。 26. A。thought impossible“被认为是不可能的”，与“achieved”形成对比。 27. C。withstanding immense pressure“承受巨大的压力”。 28. B。voyage“航程”，指他们的这次深潜之旅。 29. A。spirit of adventure“冒险精神”，贯穿全文。 30. D。robots“机器人”，指代ROVs和AUVs。 31. D。reveals new discoveries“揭示新的发现”。 32. A。sense of responsibility“责任感”，与后文“steward（管理员）”呼应。 33. C。profound impact“深远的影响”。 34. B。pioneer“先驱者”，与explorer同义，和后面的steward形成并列。 35. C。protect these fragile ecosystems“保护这些脆弱的生态系统”。 第二节 语法填空 36. is。主语为“One”，单数。 37. increased/increasing。此处作定语，修饰absorption。“日益增加的”或“已经增加的”均可。 38. that/which。引导定语从句，修饰process，在从句中作主语。 39. that/which。引导定语从句，修饰organisms，在从句中作主语。 40. harder。become后接形容词比较级，与上文酸性变化导致难度增加对应。 41. to。vulnerable to“易受……影响的”。 42. To address。不定式作目的状语。 43. to。adapt to“适应”。 44. which。引导非限制性定语从句，修饰seaweed farms。 45. most effective。形容词最高级，由“the”和上下文长期解决方案提示。 第三部分 写作 第一节 单词拼写 46. depths 47. detect 48. remote 49. objective / aim / goal 50. revolutionized 51. fragile 52. dangerous / dreadful 53. cooperation 54. salinity 55. locate 第二节 书面表达（参考范文） Dear fellow students, Thank you for giving me the opportunity to speak about ocean protection. The ocean is vital to our survival. It regulates the global climate, provides us with food and resources, and is home to incredible biodiversity. However, it is facing severe threats. Plastic pollution is choking marine life, and overfishing is disrupting the balance of ecosystems. Climate change, leading to warming and acidification, is causing coral bleaching. We must take action. Firstly, we can start by reducing single-use plastics in our daily lives. Secondly, we should raise awareness and support sustainable seafood choices and marine conservation projects. Every small effort counts. Let’s act now to safeguard our blue planet for the future. Thank you. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit3 Sea Exploration单元测试卷 考试时间：90分钟 总分：100分 班级： 姓名： 学号： 第一部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分40分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The ocean covers about 71% of the Earth’s surface, yet over 80% of it remains unexplored. Modern sea exploration began in the late 19th century with the Challenger expedition, which laid the foundation for marine science. Today, advanced technologies like remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) allow scientists to study deep-sea ecosystems, underwater volcanoes, and even shipwrecks without diving themselves. However, deep-sea exploration is still challenging due to extreme pressure, darkness, and cold temperatures. These conditions require specially designed equipment and pose risks to both humans and machines. Despite the challenges, the potential rewards are great, including discovering new species, understanding climate change, and finding medical resources. 1. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A. To complain about the difficulties of sea exploration. B. To introduce the topic and basic context of sea exploration. C. To compare past and present exploration technologies. D. To list all the benefits of exploring the deep sea. 2. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE about the Challenger expedition? A. It took place in the early 20th century. B. It used ROVs and AUVs for research. C. It was foundational for marine science. D. It explored over 80% of the ocean. 3. What is the main challenge mentioned in exploring the deep sea? A. Lack of funding and interest. B. Extreme environmental conditions. C. Shortage of qualified scientists. D. Legal restrictions from governments. B Marine archaeology, the study of human interaction with the sea through material remains, has revealed countless secrets from the deep. One famous example is the discovery of the Titanic wreck in 1985. Using sonar technology and underwater cameras, researchers located the legendary ship nearly 4,000 meters below the Atlantic Ocean’s surface. Such discoveries are not just about finding treasures; they provide invaluable insights into historical events, construction techniques, and the daily lives of people in the past. However, marine archaeologists face ethical questions. Should shipwrecks, often considered underwater graves, be disturbed? How can we balance the pursuit of knowledge with respect for the past and the families connected to it? International laws and guidelines, like the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, aim to address these concerns, promoting in-situ preservation (leaving sites untouched) as a first option. 4. What is the primary goal of marine archaeology as described in the text? A. To recover valuable treasures from the sea floor. B. To study human history through underwater remains. C. To develop new sonar and camera technologies. D. To create underwater museums for tourism. 5. Why is the discovery of the Titanic mentioned? A. To emphasize the danger of deep-sea diving. B. To serve as an example of a significant marine archaeological find. C. To argue for more funding for treasure hunting. D. To describe the construction techniques of early 20th-century ships. 6. What is a major ethical concern related to marine archaeology? A. The high cost of underwater expeditions. B. The difficulty of preserving artifacts in air. C. Respecting shipwrecks as potential burial sites. D. The lack of advanced technology for deep-sea work. 7. What does “in-situ preservation” mean in the last sentence? A. Recovering artifacts quickly for study in a lab. B. Leaving the archaeological site in its original place. C. Building protective structures around a shipwreck. D. Making detailed records and then destroying the site. C The concept of “ocean literacy” is becoming increasingly important. It means understanding the ocean’s influence on you and your influence on the ocean. For a long time, the ocean was seen as a limitless resource and a vast dumping ground. This has led to severe problems like overfishing, plastic pollution, and ocean acidification. Overfishing depletes fish stocks faster than they can recover, disrupting entire food webs. Millions of tons of plastic enter the ocean yearly, harming marine life and entering the human food chain. Meanwhile, the ocean absorbs about 30% of the carbon dioxide we produce, which leads to acidification, threatening shell-forming organisms like corals and oysters. Promoting ocean literacy is key to changing human behavior. By educating people about how their actions on land affect the sea, we can encourage more sustainable practices, support marine protected areas, and advocate for policies that protect our blue planet. 8. What does “ocean literacy” primarily involve? A. The ability to read nautical maps and charts. B. A mutual understanding of the ocean-human relationship. C. The scientific study of ocean currents and tides. D. Knowledge about all known marine species. 9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a consequence of seeing the ocean as a “dumping ground”? A. Overfishing. B. Plastic pollution. C. Ocean acidification. D. Increased tourism. 10. How does ocean acidification directly harm marine life? A. By increasing water temperature. B. By reducing oxygen levels in the water. C. By making it difficult for some organisms to form shells. D. By causing direct toxicity to fish. 11. What is the author’s attitude towards promoting ocean literacy? A. Doubtful and critical. B. Supportive and advocating. C. Neutral and indifferent. D. Pessimistic and worried. D The future of sea exploration lies in sustainable and collaborative efforts. One promising area is “blue biotechnology,” which explores marine organisms for new medicines, biofuels, and industrial materials. Corals, sponges, and even deep-sea microbes have produced compounds with anti-cancer, anti-viral, or anti-inflammatory properties. Another frontier is deep-sea mining for minerals like cobalt and manganese nodules, which are crucial for batteries and electronics. However, this poses significant environmental risks, potentially destroying fragile, slow-growing deep-sea ecosystems that we barely understand. Therefore, many scientists and policymakers call for a precautionary approach—thorough research and strict regulations must precede any large-scale exploitation. International cooperation is vital, as the ocean belongs to no single nation. Projects like the Ocean Cleanup (developing technology to remove plastic from the seas) and the Global Ocean Observing System (a network for continuous ocean monitoring) show how shared goals can lead to innovative solutions for exploration and conservation. 12. What is “blue biotechnology” mainly concerned with? A. Mining minerals from the deep sea. B. Using marine organisms for scientific and industrial applications. C. Cleaning plastic pollution from the ocean. D. Building underwater habitats for humans. 13. Why does the author mention deep-sea mining? A. To fully endorse it as the best solution for resource scarcity. B. To present it as a future possibility alongside its potential dangers. C. To compare its profitability with blue biotechnology. D. To argue that it is the primary goal of modern sea exploration. 14. What does the “precautionary approach” suggest about deep-sea mining? A. It should be banned immediately worldwide. B. Profits from mining should fund ocean conservation. C. It should proceed slowly with careful study and regulation. D. Only developed countries should be allowed to do it. 15. What is the key message conveyed in the last paragraph? A. The future of sea exploration depends on competition between nations. B. Sustainable ocean future requires careful, science-based and cooperative efforts. C. Technological innovation alone will solve all ocean problems. D. Economic benefits should be the only driver for sea exploration. 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The ocean’s depths hold mysteries that have fascinated humans for centuries. To unlock these secrets, we rely on a variety of specialized tools and vehicles. **16** They are unmanned, tethered to a ship by a cable, and controlled by pilots on the surface. ROVs are equipped with cameras, lights, and robotic arms, allowing them to perform delicate tasks like collecting samples or operating equipment in environments too deep or dangerous for humans. **17** Unlike ROVs, they are not physically connected to a ship. They are pre-programmed with a mission and can navigate independently for long periods, mapping the seafloor or collecting data on water temperature and salinity. This makes them ideal for large-scale survey work. For human presence in the deep sea, submersibles like Alvin are essential. **18** In 1977, Alvin made a groundbreaking discovery: hydrothermal vents and their unique ecosystems thriving in complete darkness, powered by chemosynthesis rather than sunlight. This revolutionized our understanding of where and how life could exist. **19** Sonar (Sound Navigation and Ranging) systems use sound waves to map the seafloor and detect objects. Satellites, orbiting high above Earth, measure sea surface height, temperature, and color, providing global data on currents, phytoplankton blooms, and even helping to locate potential fishing zones or pollution spills. **20** As technology advances, these tools will become more sophisticated, allowing us to explore deeper, stay longer, and understand more about our planet’s final frontier. A. Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) are workhorses of deep-sea exploration. B. The history of sea exploration is filled with famous adventurers. C. Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) offer a different approach. D. Protecting these deep-sea ecosystems from pollution is now a priority. E. These manned vessels can carry scientists directly to the ocean floor. F. However, the high cost of exploration limits its progress. G. Beyond vehicles, other technologies extend our senses into the ocean. 第二部分 语言知识运用 (共两节，满分35分) 第一节 完形填空 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The sea has always called to explorers. For centuries, humans have ventured onto its surface, but its depths remained a realm of legend and mystery. The **21** to explore this hidden world drove innovation. Early diving bells allowed brief glimpses below, but true deep-sea exploration **22** in the 20th century with the invention of the bathysphere. In 1930, Otis Barton and William Beebe **23** into history by descending 435 meters in a steel bathysphere. Suspended by a single cable from their ship, they peered through tiny quartz windows into the **24** blackness, illuminated only by the strange, glowing creatures outside. It was a **25** journey, fraught with risk, but it opened a new window on life. Their work paved the way for the Trieste, a bathyscaphe, which in 1960 achieved what was once thought **26**: reaching the deepest point on Earth, the Challenger Deep. Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh spent about twenty minutes on the bottom, **27** immense pressure. Their **28** proved that life could exist even in the most extreme conditions. Today, the spirit of **29** continues. While manned missions are rare and expensive, **30** like ROVs and AUVs conduct routine missions, sending back breathtaking images and valuable data. Each dive **31** new discoveries—a strange species, an unknown geological formation, or a historical shipwreck. However, exploration is now paired with a growing sense of **32**. We are beginning to understand the **33** impact human activities have even on the deep ocean, from pollution to climate change. The modern sea explorer is not just a **34**; they are also a steward, working to **35** these fragile ecosystems for future generations while satisfying our timeless curiosity about the deep blue. 21. A. fear B. desire C. inability D. promise 22. A. accelerated B. ended C. repeated D. returned 23. A. stepped B. plunged C. looked D. turned 24. A. transparent B. bright C. absolute D. blue 25. A. safe B. comfortable C. daring D. boring 26. A. impossible B. easy C. common D. optional 27. A. reducing B. avoiding C. withstanding D. creating 28. A. theory B. voyage C. argument D. invention 29. A. adventure B. profit C. competition D. failure 30. A. scientists B. submarines C. satellites D. robots 31. A. plans B. remembers C. risks D. reveals 32. A. responsibility B. freedom C. humor D. loneliness 33. A. positive B. limited C. profound D. temporary 34. A. collector B. pioneer C. teacher D. sailor 35. A. exploit B. observe C. protect D. ignore 第二节 语法填空 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The ocean is a major force in regulating the world’s climate. One of its key roles **36** (be) absorbing heat and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. However, this service comes at a cost. The **37** (increase) absorption of CO2 leads to ocean acidification, a process **38** makes seawater more acidic. This change in water chemistry has a direct impact on marine life, particularly organisms **39** rely on calcium carbonate to build their shells or skeletons, such as corals, oysters, and some plankton species. In more acidic water, forming and maintaining these structures becomes **40** (hard). For coral reefs, this means slower growth and weaker frameworks, making them more vulnerable **41** storms and erosion. **42** (address) this issue, scientists are exploring various solutions. Some are studying whether certain species can adapt **43** gradually changing conditions over generations. Others are investigating the potential of seaweed farms, **44** can absorb CO2 as they grow. Meanwhile, reducing global carbon emissions remains the **45** (effect) long-term solution to slow down ocean acidification and protect the delicate balance of marine ecosystems. 第三部分 写作 (共两节，满分25分) 第一节 单词拼写 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 根据下列句子及所给汉语提示或首字母，写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。 46. The new submarine is capable of reaching extreme __________ (深度). 47. Scientists used sonar to __________ (探测) the shape of the underwater mountain. 48. The __________ (遥远的) island is home to many unique species. 49. The main __________ (目标) of the expedition is to study deep-sea currents. 50. The discovery of hydrothermal vents __________ (彻底改变) our understanding of life’s possibilities. 51. The coral reef is a very f__________ ecosystem, easily damaged by pollution. 52. The ship’s crew faced a d__________ storm while crossing the Atlantic. 53. International c__________ is essential for managing ocean resources. 54. The device can measure the s__________ of the seawater, or how salty it is. 55. They are trying to l__________ the sunken ship using advanced scanning equipment. 第二节 书面表达 (满分15分) 假设你是李华，你校英语俱乐部将举办一场关于“海洋保护”的专题讨论会。请你用英语写一篇发言稿，内容包括： 1. 海洋的重要性（如气候调节、资源提供等）； 2. 海洋面临的主要威胁（至少两点）； 3. 呼吁大家采取行动（至少两点建议）。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 发言稿的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。 Dear fellow students, Thank you for giving me the opportunity to speak about ocean protection. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Let’s act now to safeguard our blue planet for the future. Thank you. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $