语法专题 定语从句导学案-2026届高三英语一轮复习

语法专题一．定语从句

一．    简单句的五种基本句型：

1．主语  ＋ 不及物动词(vi.)     She came．/ My head aches.

2．主语  ＋ 及物动词(vt.)＋宾语  She likes English.

3．主语  ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语   She is happy．

4．主语  ＋ 双宾动词 ＋  间接宾语 ＋  直接宾语

She gave John a book．//She bought a book for me.

The teacher asked me to read the passage.

5．主语  ＋ 宾补动词  ＋ 宾语  ＋ 宾语补语

She makes her mother angry．

6．There +be   There lies a book on the desk.

二．定语从句概述：

1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。

　　定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句．

一.关系代词引导的定语从句

归纳：that,既指人又指物，作主语或宾语。

     which,指物，作主语或宾语。

     who, whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。

that, which, whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。

（一）练一练：用合适的关系代词填空，能用几个填几个：

1) A plane is a machine ______________can fly.

2) The car _________________my uncle bought last week was stolen.

3) The students ________________ don’t study hard will not pass the exam.

4) The woman ___________________ you saw in the park is our English teacher.

5) He talked happily about the men and books______________ interested him greatly in the school.

(二)关系代词引导的定语从句中常见错误归纳：  

1. 在定语从句中加了多余的宾语或主语。

•         Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come.

•         The book that you need it is in the library.

•         This is the man that he was caught stealing yesterday.

2. 把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错。

•         Anyone who break the law will be punished.

•         Those who has finished may go home.

3. 误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词。

Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.

（三）用适当的关系代词完成下列句子：

1. The man _____ is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.

2. Nobody wants the house _____ roof has fallen in.

3. A dictionary is a book ______ gives the meanings of words.

4. She is the only one among us ________ knows French.

5. How many students are there in our class _______ homes are very far?

6. The days _____ I spent together with her are really unforgettable.

7. I have a new friend ______ is named Mary.

8. I don’t know the girl ______ our teacher is talking with.

【关系代词必须用that的情况】

1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时,或当先行词被every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等不定代词修饰时。

There is an emergency shelter in Winnipeg called “Hannah’s Place”,something that Hannah is very proud of.

在Winnipeg这个地方有个叫Hannah’s Place的应急庇护所,这是Hannah为之自豪的地方。

2.先行词被the only, the very, the same ,the last等修饰时。

This is the last place that I want to visit.

这是我最不想参观的地方。

3.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。

This is the best novel that I have ever read.

这是我读过的最好的一部小说。

4.先行词是数词或被序数词修饰时。

This is the third dictionary that I have used.

这是我用过的第三本字典。

5.当先行词同时含有表示人和物的名词时。

We talked about the things and persons that we were interested in.我们谈论了我们感兴趣的人和事。

6.以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句,为避免重复时。

Who is the man that is standing under the tree?

站在树下的那个人是谁?

注意:Qingdao is the most beautiful city where I have ever worked.(即使有最高级修饰先行词city,但从句中work为不及物动词,先行词只做其地点状语,故要用关系副词)

前面所述几种情况已有前提: 需要用关系代词时,遇到这几种情况才选用that。

 

二、除关系代词外，还有关系副词， when， where， why， 其中 when用来指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。如： I will never forget the day when I first came to the Great Wall. 而 where 则指地点，在从句中作地点状语，如： This is the house where the old man lives.。why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语. (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.   (2) I don’t know the reason why

he looks unhappy today.

 

用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：第一组

1. I still remember the day ___________ we spent in the forest.

2. I still remember the day ___________ I first came to Beijing.

3. The factory ___________ we will visit is large.

4. The factory ___________ his father works is large.

5. Do you know the reason __________ he explained at the meeting?

6. Do you know the reason __________he didn’t attend the meeting yesterday?

用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：第二组

1. Don’t forget the time___________ I’ve told you.

2. I’ll never forget the days__________ I worked with you.

3. He works in a factory _________________makes radio parts.

4. He works in the factory ____________ his father worked.

5. That’s the reason _______________ he explained to us.

6. That’s the reason ___________ she left home.

高考链接：

1. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town __________ he grew up as a child.

A. which       B. That    C. where    D. when

2. The film brought the hours back to me __________ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.

A. until     B. that     C. when    D. where

3. We are living in an age _____ many things are done on computer.

A. which     B. that     C. whose     D. when

4. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, __________ other visitors seldom go.

A. what    B. which    C. where     D. when

5. —Where did you get to know her?

—It was on the farm _________ we worked.

A．that    B．there    C．which  D．where

6.The village has developed a lot _____ we learned farming two years ago.

A when  B which   C that  D where

7.The time is not far away________  modern communication will become widespread in China’ vast（广阔的） countryside.

A as   B when   C until   D before

8.Many people went to the cinema to see Titanic ______ was the most successful film in Hollywood that year and ______leading actors quickly became world-famous.

A. which; where   B. what; its   C. which ; whose  D. what; that

9.Could you please tell me again the address of the factory ____ you mentioned just now? I forgot to make a note of it.

A. what   B. when    C. that   D. as

10.I don’t think the reason ____ she gave me is true, since she dared not look at me as she spoke.

A. why    B. that    C. what    D. when

11.The day will surely come_____ all the people in the world live in peace and happiness.

A. when   B. as    C. then    D. where

12.A person _____ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.

A. who   B. whom    C. whose   D. whoever