4.句子成分与简单句五种基本结构-2025-2026学年高中英语期末语法复习必修1（重大版）

期末语法复习 必修1·重庆大学出版社·句子成分与简单句五种基本结构 句子成分与简单句五种基本结构详解 考点一：主语 结构：句子中表示动作的发出者或描述对象，通常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式或 从句充当 例句：Students should study hard..（名词作主语) 真题再现： is important for everyone to learn English well.【2022重庆高一期末】 A)This B)That C)It D)What 答案：C Playing basketball his favorite sport.【2021XX中学月考】 A)is B)are C)was D)were 答案：A 考点二：谓语 结构：说明主语的动作或状态，由动词或动词短语充当，有人称、时态和语态的变化 例句：She speaks English fluently.(实义动词作谓语) 真题再现： My parents_to Beijing twice.【2023重庆九校联考】 A)have been B)has been C)went D)will go 答案：A The meeting at3o'clock yesterday afternoon.【2022XX区期末】 A)starts B)started C)is starting D)will start 答案：B 考点三：宾语 结构：及物动词或介词后的动作承受者，通常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式或从句 充当（分为直接宾语和间接宾语） 例句：He bought a book.（直接宾语)/She gave me a gift,(间接宾语+直接宾语) 真题再现： Could you please pass_the salt??【2021重庆高一质检】 A)my B)I C)me D)mine 答案：C She enjoysmusic in her free time.[2023 XX市期末】 A)listen B)listening C)to listen D)listened 答案：B 考点四：表语 结构：系动词后说明主语身份、性质、状态的成分，通常由名词、形容词、副词、介词 短语、不定式或从句充当 例句：Her mother is a doctor..(名词作表语)/The flowers look beautiful.(形容词作表语) 真题再现： The cake tastes_ 【2022 全国甲卷模拟】 A)well B)good C)nicely D)beautifully 答案：B My favorite subject is_. 【2021 XX省联考】 A)math B)mathematic C)mathing D)to math 答案：A 考点五：定语 结构：修饰名词或代词的成分，通常由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、分词或 从句充当 例句：This is a red apple.（形容词作定语)/The book on the desk is mine.(介词短语作 定语) 真题再现： I have two_sisters. 【2023新高考1卷模拟】 A)older B)elder C)old D)eldest 答案：B Do you know the girl is talking with our teacher?【2022XX校期中】 A)which B)who C)whom D)whose 答案：B 考点六：状语 结构：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示时间、地点、原因、方式、目的、结 果、让步等，通常由副词、介词短语、不定式、分词或从句充当 例句：He runs fast.(副词作方式状语)/She studies hard to pass the exam.(不定式作目 的状语) 真题再现： We will have a picnicSunday morning.【2021重庆高一期末】 A)in B)on C)at D)for 答案：B it rained heavily,we still went to school on time.【2023XX市联考】 A)Because B)If C)Though D)So 答案：C 考点七：简单句的五种基本结构 1.主谓结构(S+V):主语+不及物动词 例句：Birds fly. The sun in the east.【2022XX区期末】 A)rise B)rises C)rose D)rising 答案：B 2.主谓宾结构(S+V0):主语+及物动词+宾语 例句：She reads books My brother often_basketball after school.【2021重庆质检】 A)play B)plays C)played D)playing 答案：B 3.主系表结构(S+Linking V+P):主语+系动词+表语 例句：The food smells delicious The weather._warm in spring.【2023XX校月考】 A)get B)gets C)got D)getting 答案：B 4.主谓双宾结构(S+V+IO+DO):主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 例句：My father bought me a bike. Could you please tell_the truth?【2022全国乙卷模拟】 A)I B)my C)mine D)me 答案：D 5.主谓宾补结构(S+V0+C):主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（形容词、名词、 不定式等) 例句：We keep the1 oom clean The teacher asked usquiet in class..【2021XX省期末】 A)be B)to be C)being D)been 答案：B 二、考点综合训练 I.单项选择 1.My brother oftenbasketball with his friends after school. A)play B)plays C)played D)playing 2.Could you please pass_the dictionary? A)my B)I C)me D)mine 3.The flowers in the garden look_ A)beautifully B)well C)lovely D)carefully 4.She enjoys music while doing homework. A)listen to B)listening to C)to listen D)listened 5.We dinner when the doorbell rang last night. A)have B)had C)are having D)were having 6.This is the parkwe met for the first time. A)which B)where C)who D)when 7.it was raining heavily,they still walked to the station. A)Because B)If C)Though D)So 8.The sun in the east and sets in the west. A)rise B)rises C)rose D)rising Ⅱ.完成句子 1.汤姆每天早上读英语。（主谓宾) Tom_every morning. 2.这本书很有趣。（主系表） This book 3.妈妈给我做了一个蛋糕。（主谓双宾） My mother_a cake. 4.我们发现这个问题很容易。（主谓宾补） We found the problem_ 5.他每天步行去上学。（主谓+状语） He eschool every day 6.她将来想成为一名老师。（非谓语作宾语) She wants_a teacher in the future. 7.站在那边的女孩是我妹妹。（定语从句） The girl is standing there is my sister. Ⅲ.短文改错 下面短文中共有5处语法错误，请找出并改正 1.I wish I am as tall as my father. 2.My teacher suggested that I would study harder. 3.If I know the answer,I would tell you yesterday 4.It is time that we go to the library. 5.Without your help,I will not finish the work on time. V.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 Lin Tao is a high school student.Every morning,he 1.(get)up at 6:30 and 2.(read)En- glish for half an hour.His favorite subject is math because he thinks it 3.(be)interesting. After school,he often plays basketball with his classmates.Last Saturday,they 4.-(have)a match and won first prize.Lin Tao hopes he 5.(become)a scientist when he 6.(grow) up.Though he is busy with his studies,he always helps his mother with housework.He be- lieves 7.(help)others makes him happy 参考答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：1.B2.C3.C4.B5.D6.B7.C8.B Ⅱ.完成句子答案：1.1eads2.is interesting3.made me4.easy5.walks to6. to be 7.who Ⅲ.短文改错答案：1.am-→were2.would→should或删除wold3.know→had kowm4.go→went5.wil→would V.语法填空答案：1.gets2.reads3.is4.had5.will become6.grows7. helping 英语语法复习手册·必修1·重庆大学出版社·句子成分与简单句五种基本结构