Unit 4 Adversity and Courage单元测试卷-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

Unit4 Adversity and Courage单元测试卷（答案） 第一部分 阅读理解 第一节 1-5: BBBBC 6-10: BBCBB 11-15: BCBBB 第二节（七选五） 16-20: G A D E C 第二部分 语言运用 第一节 完形填空 21-25: ABABB 26-30: ADBAC 31-32: AD 第二节 语法填空 33. diagnosed 34. gradually / failed 35. refusing 36. inspiring 37. focusing 38. forcing 39. traditional 40. profundity / profound depth 41. adversity 42. placed 第三部分 翻译句子 43. In the face of great difficulties, she demonstrated extraordinary courage and firm determination. 44. That experience of failure eventually turned him into a stronger and wiser person. 45. The mutual support among the team members was the main reason they were able to get through the crisis. 46. History is filled with examples of people achieving remarkable things in the face of adversity. 47. Cultivating resilience can help us cope better with the challenges and changes in life. 第四部分 书面表达（参考范文） The adversity that made me stronger was failing a crucial math exam in my second year of high school. I had always relied on natural talent and last-minute studying, and this failure was a harsh wake-up call. Instead of giving up, I had to confront my poor study habits. I sought help from my teacher, formed a study group, and practiced consistently every day. The process was humbling and required immense discipline. Overcoming this challenge did more than improve my grade; it taught me the value of persistent effort over fleeting talent, building a resilience and work ethic that have helped me tackle subsequent academic and personal challenges with greater confidence and grit. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit4 Adversity and Courage单元测试卷 考试时间：90分钟 满分：100分 班级： 姓名： 学号： 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分45分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Adversity, defined as a state of hardship, misfortune, or distress, is an inevitable part of the human experience. It can manifest in various forms: personal loss, failure, illness, financial hardship, or social conflict. While universally unpleasant, adversity is not inherently negative in its long-term effects. Psychological research suggests that facing and overcoming challenges can lead to “post-traumatic growth.” This concept describes the positive psychological change experienced as a result of the struggle with highly challenging life circumstances. It can involve a greater appreciation for life, improved relationships, recognition of new possibilities, increased personal strength, and spiritual development. Thus, adversity, though painful, can serve as a crucible that forges resilience, deepens wisdom, and clarifies one’s values and purpose, provided one engages with it constructively rather than being defeated by it. 1. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Adversity should be avoided at all costs. B. Adversity, while difficult, can lead to positive personal growth and resilience. C. Only strong people can benefit from adversity. D. Adversity always leads to permanent psychological damage. 2. According to the text, what is “post-traumatic growth”? A. The immediate relief felt after a problem is solved. B. Positive psychological change resulting from the struggle with major challenges. C. Forgetting about traumatic events. D. The onset of mental illness after trauma. 3. What does the author suggest is key to benefiting from adversity? A. Ignoring the difficulty completely. B. Engaging with it constructively rather than being defeated. C. Expecting others to solve the problem for you. D. Only focusing on the negative aspects. B Historical and literary accounts are replete with examples of extraordinary courage in the face of immense adversity. Consider the story of Ernest Shackleton’s Endurance expedition. In 1915, his ship was trapped and crushed by Antarctic ice, leaving his crew stranded on desolate ice floes. Faced with almost certain death, Shackleton’s primary goal shifted from exploration to bringing every man home alive. He demonstrated unwavering leadership, making perilous decisions, maintaining morale, and ultimately embarking on an 800-mile open-boat journey across the treacherous Southern Ocean to seek rescue. Through his resilience, ingenuity, and profound sense of responsibility, he succeeded against all odds. This story exemplifies that courage is not the absence of fear, but the determination to act rightly and persevere in spite of fear and overwhelming obstacles. It highlights how adversity can reveal and amplify the best of human qualities: loyalty, endurance, and the will to survive for oneself and others. 4. What was Shackleton’s primary goal after the *Endurance* was destroyed? A. To continue his exploration on foot. B. To bring every member of his crew home alive. C. To be the first to reach the South Pole. D. To salvage scientific data. 5. What does the author define courage as in this context? A. The complete absence of fear. B. Physical strength alone. C. The determination to act rightly and persevere despite fear and obstacles. D. Luck and good fortune. 6. What human qualities does the text suggest adversity can reveal? A. Only selfishness and despair. B. Qualities like loyalty, endurance, and collective will to survive. C. A tendency to give up easily. D. The desire for fame. C Courage in adversity often manifests in quiet, everyday resilience as much as in dramatic, heroic acts. Consider individuals living with chronic illness or disability. Their courage lies in the daily management of pain, the adaptation to limitations, the persistence in pursuing goals, and the maintenance of hope and dignity in the face of ongoing challenges. Similarly, the courage of a single parent working multiple jobs to provide for their family, or of a student persevering through academic failures, represents a steadfast commitment to a better future. This form of courage is sustained and internal—a “grit” that involves passion and perseverance for long-term goals. It may not make headlines, but it is the backbone of communities and societies. Recognizing this everyday courage helps us appreciate the strength inherent in ordinary life and reminds us that adversity is often met not with a single grand gesture, but with a series of small, determined choices to keep moving forward. 7. How does the text describe the courage of someone with a chronic illness? A. As non-existent because they are not performing heroic acts. B. As lying in daily management, adaptation, and persistence. C. As less important than the courage of explorers. D. As only involving accepting help from others. 8. What is “grit” defined as in the passage? A. Short-term excitement. B. Physical toughness. C. Passion and perseverance for long-term goals. D. Intelligence and talent. 9. What is the main point about everyday courage? A. It is irrelevant to society. B. It is often sustained through small, determined choices and forms the backbone of communities. C. It is easy to achieve. D. It is only about economic survival. D While adversity can be a catalyst for growth, it is crucial to acknowledge that its impact varies greatly depending on individual circumstances, support systems, and the nature of the adversity itself. Not all adversity leads to growth; severe or prolonged trauma without adequate support can indeed be debilitating. Therefore, the role of support systems—family, friends, community, and professional help—is paramount. These networks provide emotional sustenance, practical assistance, and a sense of belonging, which can buffer the negative effects of stress and foster resilience. Furthermore, coping strategies matter. Healthy strategies include seeking support, reframing challenges, practicing self-care, and finding meaning. Unhealthy strategies like denial, substance abuse, or social withdrawal can exacerbate difficulties. Societies also have a role in building communal resilience through fair policies, access to mental health resources, and fostering cultures of empathy. Thus, navigating adversity successfully is often a interplay between individual courage and the supportive structures that surround us. 10. What does the author caution about adversity? A. It always makes people stronger. B. Its impact varies, and severe trauma without support can be harmful. C. It is the same for everyone. D. It is always beneficial in the long run. 11. What is a primary function of support systems during adversity? A. To solve all problems for the individual. B. To provide emotional sustenance and practical assistance, buffering negative effects. C. To encourage complete independence. D. To distract people from their problems with entertainment. 12. Which of the following is mentioned as a healthy coping strategy? A. Denial of the problem. B. Substance abuse. C. Seeking support and finding meaning. D. Social withdrawal. 13. The word “paramount” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______. A. unimportant B. of chief importance C. optional D. recent 14. What does the author suggest is necessary for successful navigation of adversity? A. Sole reliance on individual willpower. B. An interplay between individual courage and supportive social structures. C. Ignoring the problem until it goes away. D. Wealth and social status. 15. What is the overall tone of the passage? A. Overly simplistic, suggesting adversity is easy for all. B. Nuanced, acknowledging both the potential for growth and the importance of support. C. Pessimistic, focusing only on the dangers of adversity. D. Dismissive of the need for professional help. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Cultivating Resilience: Building Your Capacity to Withstand Adversity Resilience is the ability to bounce back from setbacks, adapt well to change, and keep going in the face of adversity. It is not a trait people either have or do not have; it involves behaviors, thoughts, and actions that can be learned and developed. Here are ways to build your resilience. Nurture a Support Network. Strong, positive relationships with family, friends, and others are crucial. ___16___ Don’t be afraid to ask for help when you need it. Offering support to others also strengthens your own resilience. Practice Self-Care. Taking care of your mind and body equips you to handle stress. This includes regular physical activity, adequate sleep, healthy nutrition, and mindfulness practices. ___17___ Develop Problem-Solving Skills. When faced with a challenge, break it down into manageable steps. Brainstorm potential solutions and take decisive action, even if the steps are small. ___18___ This builds confidence in your ability to influence outcomes. Cultivate a Realistic but Hopeful Outlook.* Accept that change and difficulty are part of life. Try to view setbacks as temporary and specific, not permanent and pervasive. ___19___ Visualize what you want rather than worrying about what you fear. Find Purpose and Meaning. Engage in activities that are meaningful to you, whether through work, volunteerism, creative pursuits, or family. ___20___ Helping others can also provide a sense of purpose and put your own problems in perspective. Building resilience is a personal journey. By actively practicing these strategies, you can develop the inner strength to not only survive adversity but potentially emerge from it with greater wisdom and strength. A. These practices build your physical and emotional reserves. B. Therefore, you should only rely on yourself and never bother others. C. A sense of purpose can motivate you to persevere and provide a compass during tough times. D. Focusing on aspects of the situation you can control, rather than those you can’t, is empowering. E. Allow yourself to feel negative emotions, but also maintain hope that things will improve. F. Resilient people never experience stress or negative emotions. G. Invest time in these relationships, building trust and reciprocity. 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 I used to think courage was a roaring flame—loud, obvious, and dramatic. I learned its true nature in the quietest year of my life, the year my mother was sick. The diagnosis was a word that sucked the air from our home. Overnight, our family’s rhythm shattered. My father’s face became a map of silent worry. My own world of school and friends felt like a distant, irrelevant planet. The kind of adversity we faced wasn’t an enemy you could fight; it was a heavy fog that settled in, dimming everything. At first, I waited for the grand, courageous act—the moment I would ___21___ say or do something to make it all better. That moment never came. Instead, courage showed up in whispers. It was in my father’s hands, steady as he prepared a meal after a 12-hour shift at the hospital, his own exhaustion ___22___ by a deeper need to care. It was in my mother’s faint smile when she had no strength for words, a smile that said, “I’m still here, and I see you.” My own courage, I discovered, was not in heroic speeches but in showing up. It was in sitting quietly by her bed, doing homework while she slept, the ___23___ of my pen the only sound in the room. It was in learning to do the laundry, in swallowing my teenage resentment about cancelled plans, in saying, “It’s okay,” when she apologized for things beyond her control. This courage felt small, even ___24___ . It was the courage of the mundane, of doing the next necessary thing when your heart is breaking. There were days the fog felt ___25___ . Days of fear so sharp it was physical. On those days, courage was simply not ___26___ . It was holding on until the next hour, the next minute. It was the raw, unglamorous act of endurance. Slowly, I began to see that this quiet courage was creating its own light. Our home, though shadowed, was held together by these small, consistent acts of love and duty. We were not battling the illness in a dramatic showdown; we were ___27___ it, day by day, with patience and presence. This was a courage of connection, not conquest. My mother recovered, slowly. The fog lifted, but it left a changed landscape within me. I no longer believed courage was the absence of fear. I knew it intimately as the choice to act with love and responsibility ___28___ the presence of fear. The roaring flame was impressive, but it was the steady, low-burning ___29___ that kept the darkness at bay and warmed us through the long, cold night. That year taught me that the most profound adversity often meets its match not in a single act of heroism, but in the ___30___ of ordinary courage. It is the courage to be present, to care for details, to maintain routine when the world feels upside down. It is found in the resilience of the human spirit when it chooses kindness over self-pity, responsibility over escape. This courage doesn’t make headlines, but it builds the backbone of families and communities. It is the quiet, persistent force that ___31___ life forward when everything seems to stand still. I carry that lesson now: that within the mundane and the painful lies a potency of spirit—a quiet, enduring flame that is, perhaps, the most ___32___ form of courage of all. 21. A. magically B. finally C. bravely D. helpfully 22. A. highlighted B. overridden C. caused D. measured 23. A. scratch B. color C. break D. loss 24. A. disappointing B. invisible C. exciting D. historic 25. A. lifting B. suffocating C. beautiful D. temporary 26. A. giving up B. crying out C. fighting D. pretending 27. A. escaping B. denying C. outsmarting D. weathering 28. A. without B. despite C. because of D. after 29. A. candle B. explosion C. signal D. memory 30. A. absence B. complexity C. accumulation D. theory 31. A. pushes B. reflects C. questions D. freezes 32. A. common B. dramatic C. unreliable D. essential 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The stories of individuals who have overcome significant physical disabilities to achieve greatness are powerful testaments to human resilience and courage. Stephen Hawking, ___33___ (diagnose) with a motor neuron disease at 21 and given a few years to live, defied medical predictions. As his body ___34___ (gradual) failed, his mind soared, making groundbreaking contributions to theoretical physics and cosmology. He communicated and wrote using a speech-generating device, ___35___ (refuse) to let his physical condition limit his intellectual exploration. Similarly, Helen Keller, who lost her sight and hearing in infancy, learned to communicate through the dedication of her teacher, Anne Sullivan. She went on to become a prolific author, political activist, and lecturer, ___36___ (inspire) millions. These stories underscore that courage in adversity often involves a radical redefinition of possibility. It is not about denying limitations, but about ___37___ (focus) fiercely on what remains within one’s control—the power of the mind, the will to learn, the capacity to contribute. Their lives teach us that adversity can strip away the non-essential, ___38___ (force) a clarity of purpose. The courage they exhibited was a daily, active choice to engage with the world, to find meaning, and to connect with others despite immense barriers. It challenges the notion that a fulfilling life requires a ___39___ (tradition) set of physical abilities. Instead, it highlights the adaptability of the human spirit and the ___40___ (profound) of inner strength. By sharing such narratives, we honor their achievements and, more importantly, we expand our own understanding of human potential and the diverse forms courage can take in the face of ___41___ (adverse). These are not stories of pity, but of profound respect and a reminder that the most significant barriers to overcome are often those ___42___ (place) not by the body, but by societal expectations and self-imposed limits. 第三部分 翻译句子（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 将下列中文句子翻译成英文，要求使用括号内所给的单词或短语。 43. 在巨大的困难面前，她表现出了非凡的勇气和坚定的决心。(in the face of) 44. 那次失败的经历最终使他成为一个更强大、更有智慧的人。(turn out to be) 45. 团队成员之间的相互支持是他们能够度过危机的主要原因。(get through) 46. 历史充满了人们在逆境中取得卓越成就的例子。(be filled with) 47. 培养韧性可以帮助我们更好地应对生活中的挑战和变化。(cope with) 第四部分 书面表达（满分15分） 假设你是李华，你校英文报“Life Lessons”专栏正在举办征文活动，主题是“A Time When Adversity Made Me Stronger”。请你写一篇短文，描述一次你面对并克服困难的经历，并谈谈它如何让你变得更加坚强或改变了你的视角。 注意：词数80左右。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $