Unit 3 Environmental Protection单元测试卷-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

Unit3 Environmental Protection单元测试卷 考试时间：90分钟 满分：100分 班级： 姓名： 学号： 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分45分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Climate change, driven primarily by human activities that increase greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, is one of the most pressing environmental challenges. The burning of fossil fuels for energy, deforestation, and industrial processes release gases like carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane, which trap heat and cause global temperatures to rise. This leads to a cascade of effects: melting polar ice caps and glaciers, rising sea levels, more frequent and intense extreme weather events (heatwaves, droughts, floods, storms), and disruptions to ecosystems and agriculture. Addressing climate change requires a dual approach: mitigation and adaptation. Mitigation involves reducing emissions by transitioning to renewable energy, improving energy efficiency, and protecting forests. Adaptation involves adjusting to the changes that are already unavoidable, such as building seawalls or developing drought-resistant crops. International cooperation, as seen in agreements like the Paris Agreement, is crucial for effective global action. 1. What is identified as the main cause of contemporary climate change? A. Natural solar cycles. B. Human activities that increase greenhouse gases. C. Volcanic eruptions. D. Changes in Earth’s orbit. 2. Which of the following is a consequence of climate change mentioned in the text? A. More stable weather patterns. B. Rising sea levels and more intense storms. C. An increase in global forest cover. D. Lower average global temperatures. 3. What does “adaptation” to climate change refer to? A. Stopping all greenhouse gas emissions immediately. B. Adjusting to and preparing for the inevitable impacts of climate change. C. Ignoring the problem. D. Only focusing on reducing emissions. B Plastic pollution has become a global crisis, particularly in our oceans. Millions of tons of plastic waste enter marine environments each year from improper disposal, littering, and inadequate waste management systems. This plastic breaks down into microplastics, tiny particles that are ingested by marine life, entering the food chain and potentially affecting human health. Larger plastic items entangle and kill animals like sea turtles, seals, and birds. Solutions require a multi-faceted approach: reducing plastic production (especially single-use items), improving recycling infrastructure, promoting circular economy models where plastics are reused, and developing biodegradable alternatives. Individual actions, such as refusing single-use plastics, carrying reusable bags and bottles, and participating in clean-up activities, are important. However, systemic change through government policies and corporate responsibility is essential to tackle the problem at its source. 4. How does plastic primarily enter marine environments according to the text? A. Through natural weathering of rocks. B. From ships dumping waste directly. C. From improper disposal and littering on land. D. It is produced by marine animals. 5. What is a specific threat that larger plastic items pose to marine life? A. They provide new habitats. B. They can entangle and kill animals. C. They improve water quality. D. They are a food source for fish. 6. What does the author suggest is necessary beyond individual action to solve plastic pollution? A. Waiting for technology to solve it automatically. B. Systemic change through policies and corporate responsibility. C. Stopping all use of plastic immediately. D. Focusing only on cleaning up existing waste. C The concept of a circular economy presents a transformative model for environmental protection and sustainable development. It contrasts with the traditional linear economy of “take, make, dispose.” In a circular economy, the goal is to keep resources in use for as long as possible, extract the maximum value from them while in use, and then recover and regenerate products and materials at the end of their service life. This involves designing products for durability, repairability, and recyclability; promoting sharing models (like car-sharing); and turning waste into a resource through recycling and upcycling. For example, a smartphone designed for easy repair and upgrade reduces electronic waste. Adopting a circular economy can significantly reduce resource extraction, waste generation, and pollution, while also fostering innovation and creating economic opportunities. It represents a systemic shift towards an economy that works within the planet’s ecological limits. 7. How does a circular economy differ from a linear economy? A. It produces more waste. B. It aims to keep resources in use and eliminate waste. C. It focuses only on making new products quickly. D. It ignores the end-of-life stage of products. 8. What is an example of a circular economy practice given in the text? A. Designing a phone to be thrown away after two years. B. Promoting a car-sharing service to reduce the number of vehicles produced. C. Using more single-use packaging. D. Burying all waste in landfills. 9. What is a potential benefit of adopting a circular economy? A. Increased resource extraction and pollution. B. Reduced waste generation and fostered innovation. C. Higher costs for consumers only. D. Less need for any environmental regulations. D Biodiversity—the variety of life on Earth at all its levels—is essential for ecosystem stability, human well-being, and the planet’s health. Ecosystems with high biodiversity are more resilient to disturbances like diseases or climate change. They provide vital “ecosystem services” such as pollination of crops, purification of air and water, nutrient cycling, and climate regulation. However, human activities are causing a rapid loss of biodiversity, often called the sixth mass extinction. The main drivers are habitat destruction (e.g., deforestation, urbanization), overexploitation (overfishing, hunting), pollution, climate change, and invasive species. Protecting biodiversity involves creating and effectively managing protected areas (national parks, marine reserves), enacting laws against illegal wildlife trade, promoting sustainable agriculture and fishing, and restoring degraded habitats. Conservation is not just about saving iconic species; it’s about preserving the complex web of life that sustains us all. The loss of biodiversity threatens food security, medicine discovery, and the overall resilience of our life-support systems. 10. Why is high biodiversity important for ecosystems? A. It makes them look more beautiful. B. It makes them more resilient to disturbances. C. It simplifies food chains. D. It has no real functional importance. 11. What is NOT listed as a direct ecosystem service provided by biodiversity? A. Pollination of crops. B. Purification of air and water. C. Manufacturing of electronic goods. D. Climate regulation. 12. What is identified as a major cause of biodiversity loss? A. Natural evolution. B. Habitat destruction by human activities. C. An increase in the number of national parks. D. Too much conservation effort. 13. The word “resilient” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______. A. fragile B. able to withstand or recover from challenges C. static and unchanging D. simple 14. What does the author emphasize about conservation? A. It is only about protecting large, well-known animals. B. It is about preserving the interconnected web of life that supports human existence. C. It is a luxury we cannot afford. D. It has failed completely. 15. What is the overall tone of the passage regarding biodiversity loss? A. Indifferent and unconcerned. B. Urgent and concerned, highlighting its critical importance. C. Optimistic that the problem will solve itself. D. Critical of all conservation efforts. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Individual Actions with Collective Impact Faced with global environmental issues, individuals may feel their actions are insignificant. However, collective changes in behavior, driven by individual choices, can create substantial positive impact. Here’s how your daily decisions matter. Mindful Consumption. Before buying, ask: Do I really need this? Choose products with less packaging, longer lifespans, and from companies with sustainable practices. ___16___ This reduces resource demand and waste. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle (in that order). The most effective action is to reduce consumption. Next, reuse items as much as possible. ___17___ Properly sorting recyclables ensures materials can be reprocessed effectively. Conserve Energy and Water. Simple habits add up: turn off lights and electronics when not in use, use energy-efficient appliances, take shorter showers, and fix leaks. ___18___ This directly reduces your carbon and water footprint. Sustainable Food Choices. The food system has a major environmental impact. Reducing food waste, eating more plant-based meals, and choosing locally sourced, seasonal produce can significantly lower greenhouse gas emissions, water use, and land use associated with your diet. ___19___ Advocate and Educate. Use your voice. Discuss environmental issues with friends and family. Support policies and leaders committed to environmental protection. ___20___ Your choices send signals to the market and policymakers. By adopting and normalizing sustainable habits, you become part of a growing movement that demands and creates a healthier planet. Every conscious choice is a vote for the future you want to see. A. Recycling should be the last resort for items you must dispose of. B. Therefore, you should never buy anything new. C. Consider the environmental cost of “fast fashion” and disposable items. D. These actions save money on utility bills while protecting resources. E. Growing some of your own food, even herbs on a windowsill, deepens this connection. F. By sharing your knowledge and choices, you can influence others and amplify your impact. G. Individual actions are completely powerless against large corporations. 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 I grew up seeing the ocean as a boundless, immutable backdrop to summer vacations—vast, blue, and permanent. That perception shattered the summer I turned sixteen, during a volunteer trip to clean a remote beach. We arrived expecting some litter. Nothing prepared us for the scene. The high-tide line wasn’t marked by seaweed, but by a thick, colorful band of plastic debris: bottles, tangled fishing nets, flip-flops, and countless unidentifiable fragments. The sand itself crunched underfoot with microplastics. The scale was not just disheartening; it was ___21___ . This wasn’t a “dirty beach”; it was a graveyard for our disposable civilization, and the waves kept delivering new “offerings.” Silently, we got to work. The first hour was filled with a grim, furious energy. I filled bag after bag, my hands growing dirty and sore. Each piece of plastic felt like an indictment—a water bottle I might have used once, a snack wrapper I might have tossed without a thought. The sheer ___22___ of it was overwhelming. What difference could our dozen bags make against this endless inflow? Then, around midday, something shifted. I was untangling a seabird from a plastic ring, my hands careful and slow. As I finally freed it and watched it stumble, then fly shakily towards the water, my frustration condensed into a sharp, clear focus. This wasn’t about cleaning the whole ocean today. ___23___ was about this bird. This bag. This moment. It was about bearing witness and doing what was directly in front of me. That afternoon, the work became ___24___ . It was no longer a hopeless battle but a series of small, concrete rescues. We weren’t just removing trash; we were preventing that net from entangling another turtle, that bottle cap from being ___25___ by a fish. We were creating a small zone of order, a temporary sanctuary. Our efforts felt microscopic against the global problem, but for the creatures that relied on this beach, they were immediate and real. The trip ended, but the beach stayed with me. It changed the way I saw the world. I could no longer look at a plastic item and see just an object; I saw its potential ___26___ —a journey to a distant shore, a threat to a living creature. I became painfully aware of my own consumption. I started refusing single-use plastics, carrying a reusable bottle, and choosing products with less packaging. These weren’t grand gestures, but daily ___27___ born from that visceral experience on the sand. More importantly, it changed my understanding of action. I used to think environmental action required grand solutions—international treaties, technological miracles. Now I understand it also requires the humble, persistent work of ___28___ —of picking up the piece in front of you, of making the better choice at the checkout counter, of having the inconvenient conversation about waste. It’s about recognizing that systemic change is built, in part, from a million individual shifts in behavior and perception. The ocean may seem boundless, but its health is ___29___ to our choices. That beach taught me that environmental protection is not a distant abstraction for scientists and politicians. It is a hands-on, daily practice of care and consequence. It starts with seeing the ___30___ between your convenience and that distant, choking seabird. My small actions won’t save the oceans alone. But if my choices, combined with millions of others, can reduce the tide of plastic even slightly, and if my hands can free even one trapped animal, then that is a form of hope I can hold onto—a stubborn, practical hope, washed up on a dirty beach and carried home in a sore heart, determined to make a difference, one refused straw, one cleaned stretch of sand, at a time. That is the ___31___ I now carry: the duty to care, and the proof that care, however small, is never worthless. 21. A. beautiful B. manageable C. desolate D. educational 22. A. weight B. quantity C. variety D. beauty 23. A. It B. They C. He D. She 24. A. heavier B. pointless C. sacred D. mechanical 25. A. produced B. eaten C. avoided D. studied 26. A. afterlife B. cost C. benefit D. story 27. A. sacrifices B. routines C. protests D. luxuries 28. A. leadership B. innovation C. maintenance D. politics 29. A. immune B. irrelevant C. vulnerable D. superior 30. A. conflict B. distance C. connection D. choice 31. A. burden B. memory C. souvenir D. lesson 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal power, are central to the transition towards a sustainable future. Unlike fossil fuels, they produce little to no greenhouse gas emissions during operation and are essentially inexhaustible. The rapid ___32___ (develop) and falling costs of technologies like solar panels and wind turbines have made renewables increasingly competitive. However, the transition ___33___ (face) challenges. Renewable sources like solar and wind are intermittent, meaning they don’t produce power constantly. This necessitates advancements in energy storage, such as better batteries, and smarter grid management. There are also concerns about the environmental impact of ___34___ (manufacture) and disposing of renewable infrastructure, and the land use for large solar or wind farms. Despite these hurdles, the shift is crucial. Investing in renewables enhances energy security by reducing reliance on imported fuels and ___35___ (create) jobs in new industries. Many countries and corporations have set ambitious net-zero emission targets, ___36___ (drive) further innovation and deployment. Ultimately, a sustainable energy future will likely involve a diverse mix of renewables, supported by storage, energy efficiency, and perhaps next-generation technologies. Every solar panel installed and every wind turbine ___37___ (turn) represents a step away from fossil fuel dependence and a step towards ___38___ (stable) the climate. The choice to support and adopt renewable energy is one of the most powerful ___39___ (individual) and collective actions we can take for environmental protection. It is an investment in clean air, a stable climate, and a viable economic future. The path forward is clear: we must harness the power of nature—the sun, the wind, the water—to power our societies without ___40___ (poison) our planet. This transition is not just an environmental imperative but an opportunity to build a more resilient and ___41___ (fair) world for all. 第三部分 翻译句子（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 将下列中文句子翻译成英文，要求使用括号内所给的单词或短语。 42. 政府已经出台严格的法律来控制工业污染。(put in place) 43. 回收利用有助于节约自然资源并减少垃圾填埋场的负担。(help to) 44. 植树是应对土地退化和气候变化的一种有效方式。(an effective way to) 45. 公众对环境保护的意识近年来显著提高。(awareness of) 46. 我们必须采取紧急行动来防止濒危物种的灭绝。(take urgent action) 第四部分 书面表达（满分15分） 假设你是李华，你校英文报“Green Planet”专栏正在举办征文活动，主题是“My Pledge for a Greener Tomorrow”。请你写一篇短文，做出一个具体的环保承诺，并阐述你计划如何践行它以及它可能带来的积极影响。 注意：词数80左右。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit3 Environmental Protection单元测试卷（答案） 第一部分 阅读理解 第一节 1-5: BBBBC 6-10: BBBBC 11-15: CBBBB 第二节（七选五） 16-20: C A D E F 第二部分 语言运用 第一节 完形填空 21-25: CBACB 26-30: ABCCC 31. D 第二节 语法填空 32. development 33. faces 34. manufacturing 35. creates / creating (此处“enhances...and creates...”为并列谓语，或“and”连接“reducing...and creating...”两个动名词短语) 36. driving 37. turning 38. stabilizing 39. individual 40. poisoning 41. fairer 第三部分 翻译句子 42. The government has put in place strict laws to control industrial pollution. 43. Recycling helps to conserve natural resources and reduce the burden on landfills. 44. Planting trees is an effective way to combat land degradation and climate change. 45. Public awareness of environmental protection has increased significantly in recent years. 46. We must take urgent action to prevent the extinction of endangered species. 第四部分 书面表达（参考范文） My pledge for a greener tomorrow is to become a “zero food waste” advocate in my home. I will plan meals carefully to avoid overbuying, store food properly to extend its shelf life, and get creative with leftovers. I’ll also start a small compost bin for fruit and vegetable scraps. By taking these steps, I aim to drastically reduce the amount of food my household sends to the landfill. This not only cuts down on methane emissions from decomposing waste but also saves money and resources. I believe that managing our plates wisely is a direct and powerful way to lighten our environmental footprint. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $