5.定语从句关系代词作主宾语-2025-2026学年高中英语期末语法复习必修1（沪教版）

期末语法复习 必修1·沪教牛津版（上海教育）·定语从句（关系代词作主/宾 语) 定语从句（关系代词作主/宾语）是高中英语基础语法，用于修饰名词或代词，关系代 词在从句中充当主语或宾语，核心考点围绕关系代词的选择及在从句中所作成分展开。 一、定语从句核心考点详解 考点一：关系代词that/which/.who/whom的基本用法及指代 结构：指人：who(主格，作主语)/whom(宾格，作宾语，可省略)/hat(既可指人 也可指物，作主语或宾语) 指物：which(作主语或宾语)/that（作主语或宾语) 例句：The girl who is standing there is my sister..(who指人，作主语) This is the book which I bought yesterday.(which指物，作宾语) 真题再现：The studentwon the first prize in the English contest is from our class..【2023 上海某校高一期末】 A)whom B)which C)who D)whose 答案：C 解析：先行词student指人，从句缺主语，故用who I still remember the story my grandma told me last year.【2022上海浦东区高一质检】 A)who B)which C)whose D)where 答案：B 解析：先行词stoy指物，从句缺宾语，故用which 考点二：关系代词在从句中作宾语时的省略 结构：当关系代词that/which/who(whom)在定语从句中作动词宾语或介词宾语（介 词位于句末时)时，可省略 例句：The film(hat/which)we saw last night was very interesting.（作动词saw的宾语， 可省略) The person(whom)you talked to just now is our teacher.(作介词to的宾语，介词位于句 末，可省略) 真题再现：This is the watch my father gave me as a birthday gift..【2023上海虹口☒ 高一期末】 A)which B)who C)whom D)when 答案：A 解析：先行词watch指物，从句缺宾语，可用which或hat(可省略) The book_I borrowed from the library is very useful.【2021上海静安区高一联考】 A)whose B)which C)who D)what 答案：B 解析：先行词book指物，从句缺宾语.可用which或hat(可省略) 考点三：关系代词whose的用法（表示所属关系） 结构：whose意为“.的”，后接名词，既可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语 例句：This is the girl whose father is a doctor.(指人，作father的定语) I live in a house whose windows face south.(指物，作windows的定语) 真题再现：Do you know the boy mother is a teacher in our school?【2022上海杨浦区 高一期末】 A)which B)whose C)who D)whom 答案：B 解析：从句需要表示所属关系，修饰mother,故用whose We visited the village name I had heard before.【2023上海闵行区高一质检】 A)which B)who C)whose D)where 答案：C 解析：从句需要表示所属关系，修饰name,故用whose 考点四：关系代词that与which的用法区别（只可用that的情况） 结构：先行词被序数词、最高级、the only、the very、all、any、no等修饰时，或先行词 是不定代词(everything、something、nothing等)时，或先行词既有人又有物时，只能 用hat引导定语从句 例句：This is the first book that I have read this term.(先行词被序数词first修饰) A1 I that glitters is not gold.(先行词是不定代词all) He told us many stories about the heroes and their deeds that moved us deeply..(先行词既有 人heroes又有物deeds) 真题再现：This is the most interesting story I have ever heard.【2023上海宝山区高一 期末】 A)which B)that C)who D)whom 答案：B 解析：先行词被最高级most interesting修饰，故用that Everything he said at the meeting was very important..【2022上海徐汇区高一月考】 A)which B)what C)that D)who 答案：C 解析：先行词是不定代词everything,故用that 考点五：“介词+关系代词”结构 结构：介词+which(指物)/whom(指人)，介词的选择取决于先行词与介词的搭配或 从句中动词与介词的搭配 例句：This is the house in which I lived two years ago.(live in搭配，指物用which) The girl with whom you talked just now is my sister.(talk with搭配：指人用whom) 真题再现：The school I studied three years ago has changed a lot.【2023上海黄浦区 高一期末】 A)where B)when C)which D)in which 答案：D 解析：study in搭配，指物用in which Do you know the manyou shook hands just now?【2022上海淞江区高一联考】 A)with whom B)who C)which D)whose 答案：A 解析：shake hands with搭配，指人用with whom 二、考点综合训练 (一)单项选择 1.The teacher is standing at the door is our new math teacher. A)which B)who C)whom D)whose 2.This is the dictionary my mother bought for me last month. A)who B)whose C)which D)where 3.Do you know the girl father works in this hospital? A)which B)whose C)who D)whom 4.This is the most interesting movie_I have ever watched A)which B)that C)who D)whom 5.I still remember the days_we spent together in the countryside. A)when B)where C)which D)what 6.The house_windows face north needs to be painted. A)which B)whose C)who D)whom 7.Is there anything I can do for you? A)which B)that C)who D)what 8.The boy_you met at the school gate is my cousin. A)which B)who C)whom D)whose (二)完成句子 1.这就是我昨天提到的那位作家。 This is the writer yesterday. 2.我们参观的那个博物馆有两百年的历史了。 The museum has a history of 200 years. 3.她就是那个弟弟在我们班学习的女孩。 She is the girl in our class 4.这是我读过的最感人的故事。 This is the most moving story 5.我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的那些时光。 I will never forget the time together. (三)短文改错 下面短文中共有5处与定语从句关系代词相关的错误，请找出并改正 1.The book which cover is red was written by my favorite author 2.I met the girl who you talked about yesterday. 3.This is the best film which I have seen this year 4.The students which are from Class Two won the competition. 5.We visited the village which name I couldn't remember (四)语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 My name is Lisa.I live in a small town1(call)Greenfield.Last week,I met a girl _2 father is a famous artist.She showed me some paintings_3 her father had cre- ated.The painting_4 impressed me most was a picture of a mountain5top was cov- ered with snow.I also visited the gallery_6her father's works are displayed.Everyone -7saw the paintings praised them highly.This was the first time I had seen artworks 8could touch people's hearts deeply. (五)参考答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：1.B2.C3.B4.B5.C6.B7.B8.C 2.完成句子答案： 1.(whom/who/that)I mentioned 2.(which/that)we visited 3.whose brother studies 4.that I have read 5.(which/that)we spent 3.短文改错答案： 1.which→whose 2.who→whom/hat(或删除who) 3.which→that 4.which→who/that 5.which→whose 4.语法填空答案： 1.called 2.whose 3.which/that 4.which/that 5.whose 6.where 7.who/that 8.which/that 英语语法复习手册·必修1·沪教牛津版（上海教育）·定语从句（关系代词作主/宾语）