内容正文:
Unit4语法详解+专项练习
形容词/副词的最高级
1. 概念界定
最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较,描述其中一方在性质、程度、数量等方面“最……”,分为形容词最高级和副词最高级。
2. 形容词/副词最高级的构成
最高级构成分规则变化和不规则变化,规则变化需根据单词音节、词尾特征判断变形方式,与比较级变形规则关联紧密。
(1)规则变化
变化类型
变化规则
形容词示例
副词示例
(部分副词由形容词+ly构成)
单音节词
直接加*-est*
tall→tallest, fast→fastest
fast→fastest, hard→hardest
以e结尾加*-st*
nice→nicest, late→latest
late→latest, fine→finest
重读闭音节(辅+元+辅)双写尾字母加*-est*
big→biggest, slim→slimmest
thin→thinnest, hot→hottest
辅音+y结尾变y为i加*-est*
happy→happiest, easy→easiest
early→earliest, busy→busiest
双音节词
部分双音节词加*-est*(多为以y/ow/le结尾)
pretty→prettiest, narrow→narrowest
slow→slowest, simple→simplest
多数双音节词/多音节词前加most
careful→most careful, colourful→most colourful
carefully→most carefully, quickly→most quickly
(2)不规则变化(需熟记)
原级
最高级
词性
例句
good/well
best
形/副
I love pandas the best.
bad/badly
worst
形/副
This is the worst movie I’ve ever seen.
many/much
most
形/代
Bamboo is the most useful plant in the world.
little
least
形/代
He has the least money of us all.
far
farthest/furthest
形/副
She lives the farthest in our class.
3. 最高级的用法
(1)基本句式:A + 谓语 + the + 最高级 + 表示范围的短语/从句
表示“A在某范围内是最……的”,形容词最高级前必须加the,副词最高级前的the可省略;表示范围的常用短语有in the world/ class/ country、among all...、*of all the...*等。
· 形容词最高级:The blue whale is the largest animal in the world.(蓝鲸是世界上最大的动物。)
· 副词最高级:The cheetah runs (the) fastest among all land animals.(猎豹在所有陆地动物中跑得最快。)
(2)“one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词”结构
表示“最……之一”,此结构中最高级后必须接可数名词复数,谓语动词用单数。
示例:
· Bamboo is one of the most useful plants in the world.(竹子是世界上最有用的植物之一。)
· Pandas are one of the cutest animals in the world.(熊猫是世界上最可爱的动物之一。)
(3)最高级的修饰词
可在最高级前加the very(正是最……的)、the far(远比……更)、by far(……得多)、almost(几乎最……的)等,细化最高级的程度。
示例:
· This is the very best book I’ve read this year.(这是我今年读的最好的一本书。)
· She is by far the most beautiful girl in our school.(她是我们学校漂亮得多的女孩。)
(4)最高级的比较范围
· 介词in后接表示整体的单数名词或代词(如in the city, in China);
· 介词of后接表示群体的复数名词或代词(如of all the students, of the three);
· 介词among后接表示群体的代词或名词(如among all animals, among them)。
4. 核心考点拆解
(1)最高级前the的使用规则
· 形容词最高级:修饰名词作定语或作表语时,前必须加the,如the tallest boy、He is the tallest.;
· 副词最高级:修饰动词时,前的the可加可不加,口语中常省略,如She sings (the) best.;
· 固定搭配:one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词中,the不可省略。
(2)“one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词”的主谓一致
此结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,因为核心词是one,而非后面的复数名词。
示例:One of the most beautiful flowers is the rose.(玫瑰是最漂亮的花之一。)
(3)最高级构成的易错点
· 重读闭音节双写尾字母:需满足“辅+元+辅”且重读,如big→biggest,play→playest(错误,非重读闭音节,直接加est);
· 辅音+y结尾变形:happy→happiest,boy→boyest(错误,元音+y结尾直接加est);
· 多音节词最高级:必须加most,不可加*-est*,如colourful→most colourful(而非colourfulest)。
(4)最高级与比较级的转换
当比较范围是两者时,可用“比较级+than+the other+单数名词”或“比较级+than+the others”转换最高级含义。
示例:
· He is the tallest boy in our class.(最高级)
· He is taller than the other boys in our class.(比较级)
专项练习题
(1)基础题:写出下列单词的最高级
1. tall →
2. fast →
3. nice →
4. big →
5. happy →
6. easy →
7. careful →
8. quickly →
9. good/well →
10. bad/badly →
11. much/many →
12. thin →
13. late →
14. beautiful →
15. far →
(2)基础题:用所给词的适当形式填空
1. The blue whale is ________ (large) and ________ (heavy) animal in the world.
2. I think pandas are ________ (cute) animals in the world.
3. The cheetah runs ________ (fast) among all land animals.
4. Bamboo is ________ (useful) plant in the world, I think.
5. Which flower is ________ (beautiful), the rose, the peony or the lotus?
6. The butterfly has ________ (colourful) wings I’ve ever seen.
7. The elephant bird was ________ (large) and ________ (heavy) bird on earth.
8. Ginkgo is one of ________ (ancient) living trees in the world.
9. Which animal jumps ________ (high), the lion, the monkey or the tree frog?
10. This is ________ (interesting) plant I have ever known.
(3)基础题:用one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词完成句子
1. 熊猫是世界上最可爱的动物之一。
Pandas are one of ________ ________ ________ in the world.
2. 竹子是世界上最有用的植物之一。
Bamboo is one of ________ ________ ________ in the world.
3. 猎豹是陆地上跑得最快的动物之一。
The cheetah is one of ________ ________ ________ on land.
4. 银杏是地球上最古老的树木之一。
Ginkgo is one of ________ ________ ________ on earth.
5. 玫瑰是最美丽的花之一。
The rose is one of ________ ________ ________.
6. 蓝鲸是世界上最大的动物之一。
The blue whale is one of ________ ________ ________ in the world.
7. 大象是陆地上最大的动物之一。
The elephant is one of ________ ________ ________ on land.
8. 牡丹是中国最受欢迎的花之一。
The peony is one of ________ ________ ________ in China.
(4)提升题:选择最佳选项补全句子/对话
1. The African elephant is ________ land animal in the world.
A. the biggest B. biggest C. the bigger
2. I love pandas ________. I think they are the cutest animals.
A. best B. better C. well
3. Bamboo is one of ________ useful plants in the world.
A. the most B. most C. more
4. The cheetah runs ________ among all land animals.
A. the fastest B. fastest C. faster
5. Which do you think is ________ flower, the rose or the lotus?
A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. the most beautiful
6. This is ________ interesting book I’ve ever read.
A. the most B. most C. more
7. One of the ________ trees in China is in Shaanxi Province.
A. oldest B. the oldest C. old
8. The elephant bird was ________ than any other bird on earth.
A. larger B. the largest C. largest
9. She sings ________ in our class.
A. the best B. best C. better
10. Ginkgo trees are some of ________ living things on earth.
A. the ancientest B. the most ancient C. most ancient
(5)提升题:句型转换
1. The blue whale is the largest animal in the world.(改为同义句,用比较级)
→ The blue whale is larger than ________ ________ animal in the world.
2. Bamboo is the most useful plant in the world.(改为同义句,用one of)
→ Bamboo is one of ________ ________ ________ plants in the world.
3. The cheetah runs fastest among all land animals.(对划线部分提问,划线:fastest)
→ ________ ________ does the cheetah run among all land animals?
4. Pandas are the cutest animals in the world.(改为一般疑问句)
→ ________ pandas the cutest animals in the world?
5. This is the most beautiful flower I’ve ever seen.(改为否定句)
→ This is ________ ________ ________ flower I’ve ever seen.
6. He is the tallest boy in our class.(改为比较级)
→ He is taller than ________ ________ boys in our class.
7. One of the most popular plants in China is ginkgo.(对划线部分提问,划线:ginkgo)
→ ________ is one of the most popular plants in China?
8. The butterfly has the most colourful wings.(对划线部分提问,划线:the butterfly)
→ ________ has the most colourful wings?
参考答案
(1)基础题:写出下列单词的最高级
1. tallest 2. fastest 3. nicest 4. biggest 5. happiest
6. easiest 7. most careful 8. most quickly 9. best 10. worst 11. most 12. thinnest 13. latest 14. most beautiful 15. farthest/furthest
(2)基础题:用所给词的适当形式填空
1. the largest; the heaviest 2. the cutest 3. (the) fastest 4. the most useful
5. the most beautiful 6. the most colourful 7. the largest; the heaviest
8. the most ancient 9. (the) highest 10. the most interesting
(3)基础题:用one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词完成句子
1. the cutest animals 2. the most useful plants 3. the fastest animals
4. the most ancient trees 5. the most beautiful flowers 6. the largest animals
7. the biggest animals 8. the most popular flowers
(4)提升题:选择最佳选项补全句子/对话
1. A 2. A 3. A 4. A/B 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. A 9. A/B 10. B
(5)提升题:句型转换
1. any other
2. the most useful
3. How fast
4. Are
5. not the most beautiful
6. the other
7. What
8. Who/Which
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