专题07 必修第三册 Unit 2 课文预习填空+重点单词+重点句型+语法讲解（寒假预习讲义）高一英语外研版

专题06 必修第三册 Unit 2 Making a difference 课文预习填空+重点单词+重点句型+语法讲解（寒假预习） 【Understanding ideas】 The Well that Changed the World As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy, Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken (speak) by his teacher that many people in developing (develop) African countries couldn’t get enough clean water. He looked across the classroom at the drinking fountain(喷泉式饮水机). It was very close—only ten steps away. So, Ryan asked himself, “Why do some African children have to walk ten kilometres to get (get) water every day? And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick?” Young Ryan thought, “Life is easy for me, but hard for those people. Why don’t I help?” At first, his plan was to earn money (赚钱) to build a single well somewhere in Africa. He cleaned windows and did gardening (garden) for his family and neighbours. He soon reached his first target of $70, but when he gave the money to a charity, he was told (tell) that it actually cost $2,000 to build a well. Seventy dollars was only enough for a hand pump. Ryan understood that a hand pump wouldn’t help the children. What they needed was a well dug near their homes. Two thousand dollars was (be) a lot of money, but Ryan didn’t give up. He was determined to help (help) other children have clean water. He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them to donate money(捐钱). At the same time, a friend of Ryan’s mother helped make his story go public(为公众所知). After several months, Ryan had raised the $2,000, with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. The children at the school no longer needed to walk for hours to get water. They were grateful (gratitude) to him and invited him to visit. In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished (finish) well with his own eyes. But that was not all. He also saw hundreds of delighted (delight) students who had turned out to welcome him. They sang and danced happily. Some even offered him food and gifts. At first Ryan was nervous, but soon a great warmth (warm) filled him. He really had made a difference for these children. He broke into a joyful smile(突然笑了起来). Later, Ryan’s experience led him to set up a foundation (基金会) to encourage more people to help. Many inspired (inspire) people gave him their support. Ryan’s foundation continues to attract (attract) support from more and more people, so the work of building more wells can go on. Today, over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from the life-changing gift of clean, safe water. Now, as an adult, Ryan says that the question to ask is not “Why don’t I help?”, but “How can I help today?”. This insight (顿悟；醒悟) grew from the determined attitude of a six-year-old boy who had the courage and perseverance (坚持不懈) to make his dream a reality. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 【Developing ideas】 The Power of Good “The British Schindler”: the life of Nicholas Winton It is August 1939, and a group of frightened (frighten) children are boarding a train at Prague’s Wilson Station. Their heartbroken parents do not join them. Indeed, they fear they may never see their children again. But they know that their children will live (live). These are among the 669 children, most of them Jewish, that Nicholas Winton will go on to save from death at the hands of the Nazis.  Nicholas Winton was born on 19 May 1909 in London, to German-Jewish parents. The family later took British nationality. On leaving (leave) school, Winton worked in banks in Germany and France. He returned to Britain in 1931, where he worked in business.  In December 1938, a friend asked Winton to come to Prague to aid (帮助) people who were escaping from the Nazis. In Prague, Winton saw people living (live) in terrible conditions and whose lives were in danger. He decided to help transport children to safety (safe) in Britain. He established an office to keep records of (记录) the children, and then returned to Britain to find temporary (临时的) homes for them. He used donated funds and his own money to pay the 50 pounds per child that the British government required. By August 1939, Winton had saved (save) 669 children.  During World War II, Winton served as an officer in Britain’s Royal Air Force. He left the military (军队) in 1954. He then worked for international charities and for various (variety) companies. For the most part, he did not mention the children he saved, and his actions soon disappeared from people’s memories.  That all changed in 1988 when his wife Grete found a forgotten (forget) journal at home. The journal contained photographs and names of the children and addresses (address) of the families that took them in. She sent the journal to a newspaper, and that year Winton was seen on the British television programme That’s Life. At one point, the host asked people in the audience to stand up if Nicholas Winton had saved their lives. A shocked (shock) Winton watched as the majority of people rose to their feet(站起来). The programme brought his actions to public attention, and Winton became a respected (respect) figure around the world.  Later, Winton received various honours for his achievement(achieve), including a knighthood in 2003, and the Czech government’s highest honour, the Order of the White Lion, in 2014.  Nicholas Winton passed away (去世) on 1 July 2015, at the age of 106. As the Chinese saying goes, “A kind-hearted person lives a long life.” 知 识 精 讲 Part 1：重点单词 核心词汇 词性及含义 词性转换 固定搭配 contribution n. 贡献；捐助；投稿 contribute (v.) 贡献；捐助；投稿 contributory (adj.) 促成的；捐助的 ◆make a contribution to (doing) sth. 为（做）某事做贡献 ◆make contributions to (doing) sth. 为（做）某事做贡献 ◆contribute … to … 把……贡献给……；给……捐款； 往……投稿 relief n. 宽慰；缓解；救济 relieve (v.) 缓解；减轻；解除 relieved (adj.) 感到宽慰的 ◆to one’s relief 令某人宽慰的是 ◆a sense of relief 一种宽慰感 ◆relief sb of 解除某人的（负担、职务等） effective adj. 有效的； 实际的； 生效的 effectively (adv.) 有效地；实际上 effect (n.) 效果；作用 effectiveness (n.) 有效性 ◆be effective in (doing) sth. 在（做）某事方面有效 ◆have an effect on 对……有影响 ◆come into effect = take effect 生效；开始实施 shortage n. 短缺；不足 short (adj.) 短的；短缺的 shortly (adv.) 不久；立刻 ◆suffer from a shortage of... 遭遇…… 短缺 ◆be short for 是……的简称/缩写 ◆be short of 缺乏，缺少；未到达 hesitate v. 犹豫；迟疑； 不情愿 hesitation (n.) 犹豫；迟疑 hesitant (adj.) 犹豫的；迟疑的 ◆hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事 ◆hesitate about/over sth对某事犹豫不决 ◆without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 assistance n. 帮助；援助 assist (v.) 帮助；协助 assistant (adj.) 助理的；辅助的 (n.) 助力，售货员 ◆come to one’s assistance 前来帮助某人 ◆with the assistance of... 在… 的帮助下 ◆assist sb to do sth = assist sb in doing sth 帮助某人做某事 aid n. 帮助；援助；辅助物 v. 帮助；援助 aided (adj.) 辅助的 aidless (adj.) 无助的 ◆in aid of 为了帮助……； ◆with the aid of 在…… 的帮助下 ◆aid sb. to do sth. = aid sb. in (doing) sth. 帮助某人做某事 major adj. 主要的； 重要的；主修的 n. 主修科目； 主修生 v. 主修；专攻 mainly (adv.) 主要地 majority (n.) 大多数 ◆one’s major 某人的主修专业 ◆major in 主修（科目） ◆the majority of 大多数 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. （2024·浙江模拟）It is widely acknowledged that every individual should make a positive ______ (contribute) to protecting the environment. 答案：contribution 解析：考查词性转换。句中“make a positive + 名词”为固定结构，所给词contribute为动词，其名词形式为contribution，“make a positive contribution to”表示“为……做出积极贡献”，故填contribution。 2. （2023·全国甲卷改编）To our great ______ (relieve), the missing child was finally found safe and sound. 答案：relief 解析：考查词性转换。“to one’s + 名词”为固定搭配，意为“令某人……的是”，relieve为动词，其名词形式为relief，“to our great relief”即“令我们非常宽慰的是”，故填relief。 3. （2025·江苏模拟）The new policy has proved ______ (effect) in reducing traffic congestion in urban areas. 答案：effective 解析：考查词性转换。句中prove为系动词，后接形容词作表语，effect为名词，其形容词形式为effective，意为“有效的”，符合“新政策被证明在减少城市交通拥堵方面有效”的语境，故填effective。 4. （2022·山东模拟）Due to the ______ (short) of medical supplies, the local hospital is appealing for donations. 答案：shortage 解析：考查词性转换。“the + 名词 + of”为固定结构，short为形容词，其名词形式为shortage，意为“短缺”，“the shortage of medical supplies”即“医疗用品短缺”，故填shortage。 5. （2024·全国乙卷改编）She didn’t hesitate ______ (accept) the invitation to the academic conference. 答案：to accept 解析：考查固定搭配。“hesitate to do sth.”为固定用法，意为“犹豫做某事”，故填to accept。 6. （2025·河南模拟）The manager is looking for an ______ (assist) to help with daily office work. 答案：assistant 解析：考查词性转换。句中“an”后接可数名词单数，assist为动词，其名词形式assistant可表示“助理、助手”（指人），符合“经理正在找一名助理帮忙处理日常办公事务”的语境，故填assistant。 7. （2023·天津模拟）She hesitated about ______ (whether) to accept the risky task or not. 答案：whether 解析：考查固定搭配。“hesitate about/over sth”为固定用法，意为“对某事犹豫不决”，此处“about”后接宾语从句，结合“or not”可知从句引导词用whether，构成“whether...or not”结构，故填whether。 8. （2025·湖北模拟）He majors ______ computer science at a top university in Beijing. 答案：in 解析：考查固定搭配。“major in”为固定短语，意为“主修（科目）”，是核心词汇major的重点搭配，故填in。 9. （2024·重庆模拟）The medicine can relieve the patient ______ his pain effectively. 答案：of 解析：考查固定搭配。“relieve sb. of sth.”为固定短语，意为“减轻某人的某物（如痛苦、负担等）”，此处表示“减轻病人的痛苦”，故填of。 10. （2023·天津模拟）She acted without ______ (hesitate) when she saw the child falling into the river. 答案：hesitation 解析：考查词性转换。“without”为介词，后接名词作宾语，hesitate为动词，其名词形式为hesitation，“without hesitation”即“毫不犹豫地”，故填hesitation。 11. （2025·安徽模拟）The ______ (effect) implementation of the policy has improved people’s living standards. 答案：effective 解析：考查词性转换。句中“implementation”为名词，需用形容词修饰，effect的形容词形式为effective，意为“有效的”，“effective implementation”即“政策的有效实施”，故填effective。 12. （2024·福建模拟）We should offer our assistance ______ those in need unconditionally. 答案：to 解析：考查固定搭配。“offer sth. to sb.”为固定用法，意为“向某人提供某物”，此处“our assistance”为提供的内容，“those in need”为帮助对象，故填to。 13. （2023·浙江卷改编）A ______ (major) of students in this school choose to study abroad after graduation. 答案：majority 解析：考查词性转换。此处需填名词构成“a + 名词 + of”结构，major为形容词“主要的”，其名词形式为majority，意为“大多数”，“a majority of students”即“大多数学生”，故填majority。 14. （2025·江西模拟）The volunteers aided the villagers in ______ (rebuild) their homes after the flood. 答案：rebuilding 解析：考查固定搭配。“aid sb. in doing sth.”为固定用法，意为“帮助某人做某事”，介词in后接动名词作宾语，rebuild的动名词形式为rebuilding，故填rebuilding。 15. （2024·四川模拟）Her ______ (assist) in the project ensured its smooth completion. 答案：assistance 解析：考查词性转换。句中“her”后接名词作主语，assist为动词，其名词形式为assistance，意为“帮助、协助”，符合“她在项目中的协助确保了项目顺利完成”的语境，故填assistance。 Part 2：重点句型 1. Why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick? 为什么那里的水那么脏以至于让他们生病？ 【句型核心】so...that... 用法 引导结果状语从句，表 “如此…… 以至于……”，强调主句的程度达到了引发从句结果的地步。 ①基本结构： ◇修饰形容词 / 副词：so + 形容词 / 副词 + that 从句 例：The film is so moving that many people cry. （这部电影如此感人，以至于很多人哭了。） ◇修饰可数名词单数：so + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数 + that 从句 例：She is so kind a girl that everyone likes her. （她是个如此善良的女孩，以至于所有人都喜欢她。） ◇修饰不可数名词 / 可数名词复数：so + many/much/few/little（表数量）+名词+ that 从句 例：There are so many people in the park that we can’t move freely. （公园里人太多，以至于我们无法自由移动。） ②注意点： that 从句为结果状语，逻辑上与主句存在 “程度→结果” 的关联； 否定句中可与 such...that... 转换，但结构不同（such 修饰名词短语）， 如：He is so young that he can’t go to school. = He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school. 2. What they needed was a well dug near their homes. 他们需要的是一口在他们家附近挖的井。 【句型核心】what引导主语从句的核心用法 ①引导词what的核心特点： 在从句中必须充当句子成分（主语、宾语、表语等），无实义， 需根据语境翻译为“……的人/东西/事情/时间/地点等”。 ★对比辨析：that也可引导主语从句， 但that在从句中不充当任何成分，无实义，仅起连接作用。 例：That he passed the exam surprised everyone. （that不充当成分，“他通过了考试这件事让所有人都惊讶”） ②常见句式拓展： What + 主语 + 及物动词 = The thing(s) that + 主语 + 及物动词（可同义转换，帮助理解） 如原句中What they needed = The thing that they needed（“他们所需要的东西”） ★原句中从句的关键作用：原句用What they needed作主语，精准指代“他们所需的具体事物”，相比直接用名词作主语（如Their need was...），更能强调“所需的内容”，使表达更具体、逻辑更连贯。 ③what引导主语从句，可置于句首，也可借助it作形式主语（避免句子头重脚轻），从句整体视为单数，谓语动词常用单数形式。 例：What matters most is honesty.（置于句首，“最重要的是诚实”）； It is uncertain what he will do next.（it作形式主语，“他接下来要做什么还不确定”） 3. On leaving school, Winton worked in banks in Germany and France. 一离开学校，温顿就在德国和法国的银行工作。 【句型核心】on doing sth的用法 “介词on + 动名词doing”的结构，核心功能是作时间状语，upon doing与on doing含义和用法完全相同，更正式，多见于书面语。 例：Upon receiving the letter, she replied immediately.（“一收到信，她就立即回复了”） 该结构的含义等同于“As soon as + 主语 + 谓语（一般过去时）”或“Immediately after + 主语 + 谓语（一般过去时）”，强调“一……就……”“在……之后立即……”，动作的时间衔接紧密。 原句中 On leaving school = As soon as Winton left school（“一离开学校，温顿就……”） ◆具体用法规则 ①若需明确动作的发出者，可在动名词前加形容词性物主代词或名词所有格 例：On his arriving at the station, the train started. （他一到车站，火车就开了。） ②on doing 中的doing必须是短暂性动作（如leave, arrive, hear, see等），不能是持续性动作（如study, work, live等），因为“一……就……”的逻辑要求动作瞬间完成。 错误示例：On studying English for 5 years, he went abroad. （study是持续性动作，应改为After studying English for 5 years） ③on doing 作时间状语时，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致 （原句中leaving school的逻辑主语是Winton，与主句主语Winton一致） 错误示例：On leaving school, the sun was shining. （leaving school的逻辑主语应是人，而非the sun，逻辑矛盾） ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. （2024·浙江模拟）______ surprises us most is that he has finished the task ahead of schedule. 答案：What 解析：考查what引导的主语从句。句中“______ surprises us most”为主语从句，从句缺少主语，指代“令人惊讶的事情”，故用what引导；句首首字母大写，因此填What。 2. （2023·全国甲卷改编）It is clear ______ the government will take effective measures to solve the problem. 答案：that 解析：考查it作形式主语的主语从句。句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的“the government will take effective measures to solve the problem”，从句结构完整、语义明确，需用that引导，that无实义仅起连接作用，故填that。 3. （2025·江苏模拟）The movie was ______ moving that many audience members couldn’t hold back their tears. 答案：so 解析：考查so...that...句型。根据空后形容词moving和从句“many audience members couldn’t hold back their tears”可知，此处为“so + 形容词 + that从句”结构，表“如此……以至于……”，故填so。 4. （2022·山东模拟）On ______ (arrive) at the airport, she was greeted by her family and friends. 答案：arriving 解析：考查on doing sth结构。on为介词，后接动名词作宾语，arrive的动名词形式为arriving；“On arriving at the airport”作时间状语，表“一到达机场就……”，故填arriving。 5. （2024·全国乙卷改编）______ he failed the exam again made his parents very disappointed. 答案：That 解析：考查that引导的主语从句。句中“______ he failed the exam again”为主语从句，从句结构完整、语义清晰，需用that引导，that无实义仅起连接作用；句首首字母大写，故填That。 6. （2023·广东模拟）It is uncertain ______ we can finish the project before the deadline. 答案：whether 解析：考查it作形式主语的主语从句。句中it为形式主语，真正主语是后面的从句；根据“uncertain”（不确定的）可知，从句表疑问含义，需用whether引导，表“是否”，故填whether。 7. （2025·湖北模拟）She is ______ a kind teacher that all her students love and respect her. 答案：such 解析：考查such...that...句型。根据空后“a kind teacher”（名词短语）和从句“all her students love and respect her”可知，此处为“such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + that从句”结构，表“如此……以至于……”，故填such。 8. （2022·全国新课标卷改编）On ______ (finish) his speech, the speaker received warm applause from the audience. 答案：finishing 解析：考查on doing sth结构。on为介词，后接动名词作宾语，finish的动名词形式为finishing；“On finishing his speech”作时间状语，表“一结束演讲就……”，故填finishing。 9. （2024·重庆模拟）______ we need most at present is enough time and resources. 答案：What 解析：考查what引导的主语从句。句中“______ we need most at present”为主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指代“我们目前最需要的东西”，故用what引导；句首首字母大写，因此填What。 10. （2023·天津模拟）There are ______ many people in the park that we can hardly find a place to sit. 答案：so 解析：考查so...that...句型。根据空后“many people”（many+可数名词复数）和从句“we can hardly find a place to sit”可知，此处为“so + many + 可数名词复数 + that从句”结构，表“如此多的……以至于……”，故填so。 Part 3：重点语法：过去分词做定语 探究环节一：从课文例句中找规律——过去分词作定语的基本形式与含义 任务1：阅读下列Unit 2课文原句，用横线标出句中作定语的过去分词，并观察其位置特点。 ① Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher.（课文原句） ② In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished well with his own eyes.（课文原句） 1. 观察例句①，过去分词短语spoken by his teacher放在所修饰名词the words的_______（前面/后面），无逗号隔开； 观察例句②，过去分词finished放在所修饰名词well的______（前面/后面），无逗号隔开。 2. 尝试翻译上述2个句子，思考过去分词作定语时，通常表达什么含义？ （提示：结合名词与过去分词的逻辑关系） 译文：① ________________________________________________ ② ________________________________________________ 3. 归纳：过去分词作定语时，名词与过去分词之间存在_______关系（主动/被动），或过去分词表示名词的_______状态（完成/进行）。 ★小结：过去分词作定语的两种基本位置： ① 单个过去分词通常放在被修饰名词_______； ② 过去分词短语（过去分词+其他成分）通常放在被修饰名词______，相当于一个定语从句。 【答案】探究环节一： 1. 后面；前面 2. ①瑞安很难相信老师说的话。②在乌干达，瑞安终于亲眼看到了打好的井。 3. 被动；完成 ★小结：前面；后面 探究环节二：深化理解——过去分词作定语与定语从句的转化 任务3：将探究环节一中的课文例句转化为定语从句，对比分析两者的联系。 ① Ryan had trouble believing the words which were spoken by his teacher. ② In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the well which was finished with his own eyes. 思考： 1. 转化后的定语从句中，从句的谓语动词是什么时态和语态？________________________ 2. 归纳转化规律：当定语从句的谓语动词是_______时态的_______语态时，可将定语从句省略_______和_______，直接用过去分词作定语。 小试牛刀：将下列Unit2相关的定语从句改写为过去分词作定语的形式。 ① The projects which are designed to make a difference to poor areas are being carried out. → ________________________ ② The stories which are shared by people who made a difference are inspiring. → ________________________ 【答案】探究环节二： 思考1. 一般过去时；被动语态 2. 一般过去时；被动；关系代词；be动词 小试牛刀： ① The projects designed to make a difference to poor areas are being carried out. ② The stories shared by people who made a difference are inspiring. 探究环节三：辨析对比——过去分词作定语vs现在分词作定语 任务4：阅读下列成对的句子（含Unit 2拓展例句），对比分析过去分词与现在分词作定语的差异。 A组：① The falling leaves are dancing in the wind. ② The fallen leaves cover the ground. B组：① The working team is trying to make a difference to the local people's lives. ② The completed project has brought great benefits to the community.（Unit 2拓展） C组：① The man speaking about how to make a difference is a famous social activist. ② The book written about people making a difference is very popular.（Unit 2拓展） 思考讨论： 1. 现在分词（V-ing）作定语时，名词与现在分词之间是_______关系（主动/被动），常表示_______的动作（正在进行/已经完成）； 2. 过去分词（V-ed）作定语时，名词与过去分词之间是_______关系（主动/被动），常表示_______的动作或_______状态（正在进行/已经完成）。 ◆即时辨析◆选择括号内正确的分词形式填空。 ① The (inspiring/inspired) people are always ready to make a difference to the world. ② The (volunteering/volunteered) students are trying their best to make a difference in the rural school. ③ The (shared/sharing) ideas about making a difference have been widely accepted by young people. 【答案】探究环节三：思考讨论 1. 主动；正在进行 2. 被动；已经完成；完成 即时辨析：① inspired ② volunteering③ shared 【巩固提升】运用所学，解决问题 任务5：用括号内动词的适当形式（过去分词或现在分词）填空，完成与Unit 2主题相关的句子。 1. The projects _______ (design) to make a difference to poor areas have achieved great success. 2. There are some _______ (share) stories about people who made a difference in history. 3. The _______ (inspiring/inspired) stories encourage more people to make a difference in society. 4. We visited a _______ (constructed) community center which helps local people make a difference. 【答案】巩固提升：任务5 1. designed 2. shared 3. inspiring 4. constructed ★总结反思★ 梳理收获，查漏补缺 1. 本节课通过Unit2课文例句，我学会了过去分词作定语的两种位置：________________________ 2. 过去分词作定语的核心含义：________________________ 3. 与现在分词作定语的主要区别：________________________ 4. 我还存在的疑问：________________________ 【答案】 1. ① 单个过去分词通常放在被修饰名词前面； ② 过去分词短语（过去分词 + 其他成分）通常放在被修饰名词后面。 2. 过去分词作定语时，名词与过去分词之间多为被动关系，或过去分词表示名词的完成状态。 3. ① 逻辑关系不同：现在分词作定语时，名词与现在分词是主动关系；过去分词作定语时，名词与过去分词是被动关系。 ② 动作状态不同：现在分词常表示正在进行的动作；过去分词常表示已经完成的动作或完成状态。 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1. （2023·全国甲卷）The _______ (break) glass was replaced by a new one yesterday. 答案：broken 解析：考查过去分词作定语。句中glass与break之间为被动关系，且表示“已破碎的”完成状态，故用过去分词broken作定语修饰glass。 2. （2022·浙江卷）There are many _______ (fly) kites in the sky on the square. 答案：flying 解析：考查现在分词作定语。句中kites与fly之间为主动关系，且表示“正在飞的”进行状态，故用现在分词flying作定语修饰kites。 3. （2021·全国乙卷）The _______ (pollute) river has been cleaned up with the efforts of the government. 答案：polluted 解析：考查过去分词作定语。river与pollute之间是被动关系，即“被污染的河流”，过去分词polluted作定语，体现被动和完成含义。 4. （2020·新课标Ⅰ卷）The _______ (rise) sun shines brightly, warming the whole city. 答案：rising 解析：考查现在分词作定语。sun与rise之间为主动关系，且表示“正在升起的”进行状态，现在分词rising作定语修饰sun，符合“太阳升起”的主动逻辑。 5. （2019·天津卷）We should pay attention to the _______ (warn) signs on the road to avoid accidents. 答案：warning 解析：考查现在分词作定语。signs与warn之间为主动关系，“警告标志”即“具有警告作用的标志”，现在分词warning作定语，体现主动含义。 6. （2024·江苏苏州模拟）The _______ (abandon) house has been left empty for decades. 答案：abandoned 解析：考查过去分词作定语。house与abandon之间是被动关系，即“被遗弃的房子”，过去分词abandoned作定语，表被动和完成状态。 7. （2024·山东济南模拟）Look at the _______ (run) children on the playground; they are full of energy. 答案：running 解析：考查现在分词作定语。children与run之间为主动关系，且表示“正在奔跑的”进行状态，现在分词running作定语修饰children。 8. （2023·湖北武汉模拟）The _______ (write) report needs to be submitted to the manager before Friday. 答案：written 解析：考查过去分词作定语。report与write之间是被动关系，即“已写好的报告”，过去分词written作定语，体现被动和完成的含义。 9. （2022·广东深圳模拟）The _______ (burn) candle gives out soft light in the dark room. 答案：burning 解析：考查现在分词作定语。candle与burn之间为主动关系，且表示“正在燃烧的”进行状态，现在分词burning作定语修饰candle。 10. （2021·四川成都模拟）The _______ (injure) people were sent to the hospital immediately after the accident. 答案：injured 解析：考查过去分词作定语。people与injure之间是被动关系，即“受伤的人”，过去分词injured作定语，表被动状态。 11. （2020·湖南长沙模拟）There is a _______ (flow) river at the foot of the mountain. 答案：flowing 解析：考查现在分词作定语。river与flow之间为主动关系，“流动的河流”体现河流主动进行的状态，故用现在分词flowing作定语。 12. （2019·安徽合肥模拟）The _______ (decorate) room looks more beautiful with the new furniture. 答案：decorated 解析：考查过去分词作定语。room与decorate之间是被动关系，即“被装饰过的房间”，过去分词decorated作定语，体现被动和完成的状态。 13. （2024·河南郑州模拟）The _______ (bark) dog outside the gate made the little girl feel scared. 答案：barking 解析：考查现在分词作定语。dog与bark之间为主动关系，且表示“正在叫的”进行状态，现在分词barking作定语修饰dog，符合语境。 14. （2023·陕西西安模拟）The _______ (collect) data will be used for further research on the project. 答案：collected 解析：考查过去分词作定语。data与collect之间是被动关系，即“被收集的数据”，过去分词collected作定语，体现被动和完成的含义。 15. （2022·福建福州模拟）The _______ (grow) crops in the field show a good harvest prospect. 答案：growing 解析：考查现在分词作定语。crops与grow之间为主动关系，且表示“正在生长的”进行状态，现在分词growing作定语修饰crops，体现主动进行的过程。 4 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 必修第三册 Unit 2 Making a difference 课文预习填空+重点单词+重点句型+语法讲解（寒假预习） 【Understanding ideas】 The Well that Changed the World As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy, Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken (speak) by his teacher that many people in developing (develop) African countries couldn’t get enough clean water. He looked across the classroom at the drinking fountain(喷泉式饮水机). It was very close—only ten steps away. So, Ryan asked himself, “Why do some African children have to walk ten kilometres to get (get) water every day? And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick?” Young Ryan thought, “Life is easy for me, but hard for those people. Why don’t I help?” At first, his plan was to earn money (赚钱) to build a single well somewhere in Africa. He cleaned windows and did gardening (garden) for his family and neighbours. He soon reached his first target of $70, but when he gave the money to a charity, he was told (tell) that it actually cost $2,000 to build a well. Seventy dollars was only enough for a hand pump. Ryan understood that a hand pump wouldn’t help the children. What they needed was a well dug near their homes. Two thousand dollars was (be) a lot of money, but Ryan didn’t give up. He was determined to help (help) other children have clean water. He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them to donate money(捐钱). At the same time, a friend of Ryan’s mother helped make his story go public(为公众所知). After several months, Ryan had raised the $2,000, with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. The children at the school no longer needed to walk for hours to get water. They were grateful (gratitude) to him and invited him to visit. In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished (finish) well with his own eyes. But that was not all. He also saw hundreds of delighted (delight) students who had turned out to welcome him. They sang and danced happily. Some even offered him food and gifts. At first Ryan was nervous, but soon a great warmth (warm) filled him. He really had made a difference for these children. He broke into a joyful smile(突然笑了起来). Later, Ryan’s experience led him to set up a foundation (基金会) to encourage more people to help. Many inspired (inspire) people gave him their support. Ryan’s foundation continues to attract (attract) support from more and more people, so the work of building more wells can go on. Today, over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from the life-changing gift of clean, safe water. Now, as an adult, Ryan says that the question to ask is not “Why don’t I help?”, but “How can I help today?”. This insight (顿悟；醒悟) grew from the determined attitude of a six-year-old boy who had the courage and perseverance (坚持不懈) to make his dream a reality. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 【Developing ideas】 The Power of Good “The British Schindler”: the life of Nicholas Winton It is August 1939, and a group of frightened (frighten) children are boarding a train at Prague’s Wilson Station. Their heartbroken parents do not join them. Indeed, they fear they may never see their children again. But they know that their children will live (live). These are among the 669 children, most of them Jewish, that Nicholas Winton will go on to save from death at the hands of the Nazis.  Nicholas Winton was born on 19 May 1909 in London, to German-Jewish parents. The family later took British nationality. On leaving (leave) school, Winton worked in banks in Germany and France. He returned to Britain in 1931, where he worked in business.  In December 1938, a friend asked Winton to come to Prague to aid (帮助) people who were escaping from the Nazis. In Prague, Winton saw people living (live) in terrible conditions and whose lives were in danger. He decided to help transport children to safety (safe) in Britain. He established an office to keep records of (记录) the children, and then returned to Britain to find temporary (临时的) homes for them. He used donated funds and his own money to pay the 50 pounds per child that the British government required. By August 1939, Winton had saved (save) 669 children.  During World War II, Winton served as an officer in Britain’s Royal Air Force. He left the military (军队) in 1954. He then worked for international charities and for various (variety) companies. For the most part, he did not mention the children he saved, and his actions soon disappeared from people’s memories.  That all changed in 1988 when his wife Grete found a forgotten (forget) journal at home. The journal contained photographs and names of the children and addresses (address) of the families that took them in. She sent the journal to a newspaper, and that year Winton was seen on the British television programme That’s Life. At one point, the host asked people in the audience to stand up if Nicholas Winton had saved their lives. A shocked (shock) Winton watched as the majority of people rose to their feet(站起来). The programme brought his actions to public attention, and Winton became a respected (respect) figure around the world.  Later, Winton received various honours for his achievement(achieve), including a knighthood in 2003, and the Czech government’s highest honour, the Order of the White Lion, in 2014.  Nicholas Winton passed away (去世) on 1 July 2015, at the age of 106. As the Chinese saying goes, “A kind-hearted person lives a long life.” 知 识 精 讲 Part 1：重点单词 核心词汇 词性及含义 词性转换 固定搭配 contribution n. 贡献；捐助；投稿 contribute (v.) 贡献；捐助；投稿 contributory (adj.) 促成的；捐助的 ◆make a contribution to (doing) sth. 为（做）某事做贡献 ◆make contributions to (doing) sth. 为（做）某事做贡献 ◆contribute … to … 把……贡献给……；给……捐款； 往……投稿 relief n. 宽慰；缓解；救济 relieve (v.) 缓解；减轻；解除 relieved (adj.) 感到宽慰的 ◆to one’s relief 令某人宽慰的是 ◆a sense of relief 一种宽慰感 ◆relief sb of 解除某人的（负担、职务等） effective adj. 有效的； 实际的； 生效的 effectively (adv.) 有效地；实际上 effect (n.) 效果；作用 effectiveness (n.) 有效性 ◆be effective in (doing) sth. 在（做）某事方面有效 ◆have an effect on 对……有影响 ◆come into effect = take effect 生效；开始实施 shortage n. 短缺；不足 short (adj.) 短的；短缺的 shortly (adv.) 不久；立刻 ◆suffer from a shortage of... 遭遇…… 短缺 ◆be short for 是……的简称/缩写 ◆be short of 缺乏，缺少；未到达 hesitate v. 犹豫；迟疑； 不情愿 hesitation (n.) 犹豫；迟疑 hesitant (adj.) 犹豫的；迟疑的 ◆hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事 ◆hesitate about/over sth对某事犹豫不决 ◆without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 assistance n. 帮助；援助 assist (v.) 帮助；协助 assistant (adj.) 助理的；辅助的 (n.) 助力，售货员 ◆come to one’s assistance 前来帮助某人 ◆with the assistance of... 在… 的帮助下 ◆assist sb to do sth = assist sb in doing sth 帮助某人做某事 aid n. 帮助；援助；辅助物 v. 帮助；援助 aided (adj.) 辅助的 aidless (adj.) 无助的 ◆in aid of 为了帮助……； ◆with the aid of 在…… 的帮助下 ◆aid sb. to do sth. = aid sb. in (doing) sth. 帮助某人做某事 major adj. 主要的； 重要的；主修的 n. 主修科目； 主修生 v. 主修；专攻 mainly (adv.) 主要地 majority (n.) 大多数 ◆one’s major 某人的主修专业 ◆major in 主修（科目） ◆the majority of 大多数 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. （2024·浙江模拟）It is widely acknowledged that every individual should make a positive ______ (contribute) to protecting the environment. 2. （2023·全国甲卷改编）To our great ______ (relieve), the missing child was finally found safe and sound. 3. （2025·江苏模拟）The new policy has proved ______ (effect) in reducing traffic congestion in urban areas. 4. （2022·山东模拟）Due to the ______ (short) of medical supplies, the local hospital is appealing for donations. 5. （2024·全国乙卷改编）She didn’t hesitate ______ (accept) the invitation to the academic conference. 6. （2025·河南模拟）The manager is looking for an ______ (assist) to help with daily office work. 7. （2023·天津模拟）She hesitated about ______ (whether) to accept the risky task or not. 8. （2025·湖北模拟）He majors ______ computer science at a top university in Beijing. 9. （2024·重庆模拟）The medicine can relieve the patient ______ his pain effectively. 10. （2023·天津模拟）She acted without ______ (hesitate) when she saw the child falling into the river. 11. （2025·安徽模拟）The ______ (effect) implementation of the policy has improved people’s living standards. 12. （2024·福建模拟）We should offer our assistance ______ those in need unconditionally. 13. （2023·浙江卷改编）A ______ (major) of students in this school choose to study abroad after graduation. 14. （2025·江西模拟）The volunteers aided the villagers in ______ (rebuild) their homes after the flood. 15. （2024·四川模拟）Her ______ (assist) in the project ensured its smooth completion. Part 2：重点句型 1. Why is the water ______ ________ ______ it makes them sick? 为什么那里的水那么脏以至于让他们生病？ 【句型核心】so...that... 用法 引导结果状语从句，表 “如此…… 以至于……”，强调主句的程度达到了引发从句结果的地步。 ①基本结构： ◇修饰形容词 / 副词：so + 形容词 / 副词 + that 从句 例：The film is so moving that many people cry. （这部电影如此感人，以至于很多人哭了。） ◇修饰可数名词单数：so + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数 + that 从句 例：She is so kind a girl that everyone likes her. （她是个如此善良的女孩，以至于所有人都喜欢她。） ◇修饰不可数名词 / 可数名词复数：so + many/much/few/little（表数量）+名词+ that 从句 例：There are so many people in the park that we can’t move freely. （公园里人太多，以至于我们无法自由移动。） ②注意点： that 从句为结果状语，逻辑上与主句存在 “程度→结果” 的关联； 否定句中可与 such...that... 转换，但结构不同（such 修饰名词短语）， 如：He is so young that he can’t go to school. = He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school. 2. ______ ________ ______ was a well dug near their homes. 他们需要的是一口在他们家附近挖的井。 【句型核心】what引导主语从句的核心用法 ①引导词what的核心特点： 在从句中必须充当句子成分（主语、宾语、表语等），无实义， 需根据语境翻译为“……的人/东西/事情/时间/地点等”。 ★对比辨析：that也可引导主语从句， 但that在从句中不充当任何成分，无实义，仅起连接作用。 例：That he passed the exam surprised everyone. （that不充当成分，“他通过了考试这件事让所有人都惊讶”） ②常见句式拓展： What + 主语 + 及物动词 = The thing(s) that + 主语 + 及物动词（可同义转换，帮助理解） 如原句中What they needed = The thing that they needed（“他们所需要的东西”） ★原句中从句的关键作用：原句用What they needed作主语，精准指代“他们所需的具体事物”，相比直接用名词作主语（如Their need was...），更能强调“所需的内容”，使表达更具体、逻辑更连贯。 ③what引导主语从句，可置于句首，也可借助it作形式主语（避免句子头重脚轻），从句整体视为单数，谓语动词常用单数形式。 例：What matters most is honesty.（置于句首，“最重要的是诚实”）； It is uncertain what he will do next.（it作形式主语，“他接下来要做什么还不确定”） 3. ______ __________ ________, Winton worked in banks in Germany and France. 一离开学校，温顿就在德国和法国的银行工作。 【句型核心】on doing sth的用法 “介词on + 动名词doing”的结构，核心功能是作时间状语，upon doing与on doing含义和用法完全相同，更正式，多见于书面语。 例：Upon receiving the letter, she replied immediately.（“一收到信，她就立即回复了”） 该结构的含义等同于“As soon as + 主语 + 谓语（一般过去时）”或“Immediately after + 主语 + 谓语（一般过去时）”，强调“一……就……”“在……之后立即……”，动作的时间衔接紧密。 原句中 On leaving school = As soon as Winton left school（“一离开学校，温顿就……”） ◆具体用法规则 ①若需明确动作的发出者，可在动名词前加形容词性物主代词或名词所有格 例：On his arriving at the station, the train started. （他一到车站，火车就开了。） ②on doing 中的doing必须是短暂性动作（如leave, arrive, hear, see等），不能是持续性动作（如study, work, live等），因为“一……就……”的逻辑要求动作瞬间完成。 错误示例：On studying English for 5 years, he went abroad. （study是持续性动作，应改为After studying English for 5 years） ③on doing 作时间状语时，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致 （原句中leaving school的逻辑主语是Winton，与主句主语Winton一致） 错误示例：On leaving school, the sun was shining. （leaving school的逻辑主语应是人，而非the sun，逻辑矛盾） ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. （2024·浙江模拟）______ surprises us most is that he has finished the task ahead of schedule. 2. （2023·全国甲卷改编）It is clear ______ the government will take effective measures to solve the problem. 3. （2025·江苏模拟）The movie was ______ moving that many audience members couldn’t hold back their tears. 4. （2022·山东模拟）On ______ (arrive) at the airport, she was greeted by her family and friends. 5. （2024·全国乙卷改编）______ he failed the exam again made his parents very disappointed. 6. （2023·广东模拟）It is uncertain ______ we can finish the project before the deadline. 7. （2025·湖北模拟）She is ______ a kind teacher that all her students love and respect her. 8. （2022·全国新课标卷改编）On ______ (finish) his speech, the speaker received warm applause from the audience. 9. （2024·重庆模拟）______ we need most at present is enough time and resources. 10. （2023·天津模拟）There are ______ many people in the park that we can hardly find a place to sit. Part 3：重点语法：过去分词做定语 探究环节一：从课文例句中找规律——过去分词作定语的基本形式与含义 任务1：阅读下列Unit 2课文原句，用横线标出句中作定语的过去分词，并观察其位置特点。 ① Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher.（课文原句） ② In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished well with his own eyes.（课文原句） 1. 观察例句①，过去分词短语spoken by his teacher放在所修饰名词the words的_______（前面/后面），无逗号隔开； 观察例句②，过去分词finished放在所修饰名词well的______（前面/后面），无逗号隔开。 2. 尝试翻译上述2个句子，思考过去分词作定语时，通常表达什么含义？ （提示：结合名词与过去分词的逻辑关系） 译文：① ________________________________________________ ② ________________________________________________ 3. 归纳：过去分词作定语时，名词与过去分词之间存在_______关系（主动/被动），或过去分词表示名词的_______状态（完成/进行）。 ★小结：过去分词作定语的两种基本位置： ① 单个过去分词通常放在被修饰名词_______； ② 过去分词短语（过去分词+其他成分）通常放在被修饰名词______，相当于一个定语从句。 探究环节二：深化理解——过去分词作定语与定语从句的转化 任务3：将探究环节一中的课文例句转化为定语从句，对比分析两者的联系。 ① Ryan had trouble believing the words which were spoken by his teacher. ② In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the well which was finished with his own eyes. 思考： 1. 转化后的定语从句中，从句的谓语动词是什么时态和语态？________________________ 2. 归纳转化规律：当定语从句的谓语动词是_______时态的_______语态时，可将定语从句省略_______和_______，直接用过去分词作定语。 小试牛刀：将下列Unit2相关的定语从句改写为过去分词作定语的形式。 ① The projects which are designed to make a difference to poor areas are being carried out. → ______________________________________________________________________________ ② The stories which are shared by people who made a difference are inspiring. → ______________________________________________________________________________ 探究环节三：辨析对比——过去分词作定语vs现在分词作定语 任务4：阅读下列成对的句子（含Unit 2拓展例句），对比分析过去分词与现在分词作定语的差异。 A组：① The falling leaves are dancing in the wind. ② The fallen leaves cover the ground. B组：① The working team is trying to make a difference to the local people's lives. ② The completed project has brought great benefits to the community.（Unit 2拓展） C组：① The man speaking about how to make a difference is a famous social activist. ② The book written about people making a difference is very popular.（Unit 2拓展） 思考讨论： 1. 现在分词（V-ing）作定语时，名词与现在分词之间是_______关系（主动/被动），常表示_______的动作（正在进行/已经完成）； 2. 过去分词（V-ed）作定语时，名词与过去分词之间是_______关系（主动/被动），常表示_______的动作或_______状态（正在进行/已经完成）。 ◆即时辨析◆选择括号内正确的分词形式填空。 ① The (inspiring/inspired) people are always ready to make a difference to the world. ② The (volunteering/volunteered) students are trying their best to make a difference in the rural school. ③ The (shared/sharing) ideas about making a difference have been widely accepted by young people. 【巩固提升】运用所学，解决问题 任务5：用括号内动词的适当形式（过去分词或现在分词）填空，完成与Unit 2主题相关的句子。 1. The projects _______ (design) to make a difference to poor areas have achieved great success. 2. There are some _______ (share) stories about people who made a difference in history. 3. The _______ (inspiring/inspired) stories encourage more people to make a difference in society. 4. We visited a _______ (constructed) community center which helps local people make a difference. ★总结反思★ 梳理收获，查漏补缺 1. 本节课通过Unit2课文例句，我学会了过去分词作定语的两种位置：________________________ 2. 过去分词作定语的核心含义：________________________ 3. 与现在分词作定语的主要区别：________________________ 4. 我还存在的疑问：________________________ ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1. （2023·全国甲卷）The _______ (break) glass was replaced by a new one yesterday. 2. （2022·浙江卷）There are many _______ (fly) kites in the sky on the square. 3. （2021·全国乙卷）The _______ (pollute) river has been cleaned up with the efforts of the government. 4. （2020·新课标Ⅰ卷）The _______ (rise) sun shines brightly, warming the whole city. 5. （2019·天津卷）We should pay attention to the _______ (warn) signs on the road to avoid accidents. 6. （2024·江苏苏州模拟）The _______ (abandon) house has been left empty for decades. 7. （2024·山东济南模拟）Look at the _______ (run) children on the playground; they are full of energy. 8. （2023·湖北武汉模拟）The _______ (write) report needs to be submitted to the manager before Friday. 9. （2022·广东深圳模拟）The _______ (burn) candle gives out soft light in the dark room. 10. （2021·四川成都模拟）The _______ (injure) people were sent to the hospital immediately after the accident. 11. （2020·湖南长沙模拟）There is a _______ (flow) river at the foot of the mountain. 12. （2019·安徽合肥模拟）The _______ (decorate) room looks more beautiful with the new furniture. 13. （2024·河南郑州模拟）The _______ (bark) dog outside the gate made the little girl feel scared. 14. （2023·陕西西安模拟）The _______ (collect) data will be used for further research on the project. 15. （2022·福建福州模拟）The _______ (grow) crops in the field show a good harvest prospect. 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $