高考英语虚拟语气讲练结合 导学案-2026届高考英语语法重难点专项突破

该高中英语高考复习学案系统梳理了虚拟语气核心考点，涵盖if虚拟条件句、名词性从句虚拟、含蓄虚拟、倒装及特殊句式等，按“定义-非真实条件句-从句用法-其他句型”层次构建知识网络，通过表格对比、填空练习、情境化例句等问题链设计，引导学生自主归纳时态对应规则和句式结构。 亮点在于自主诊断与分层突破，开篇设“知识核心突破”填空及例题自测，学生可定位薄弱环节，融入思维品质培养，设计混合时间虚拟等对比练习，每个模块配“总结反思表”提升学习能力，教师可借自测结果精准指导，助力学生构建扎实知识体系。

高考英语虚拟语气讲练结合-2026届高考英语语法重难点专项突破 ★知识考情定位 虚拟语气核心考查方向，侧重考察if虚拟条件句、名词性从句中的虚拟用法，也常涉及含蓄虚拟、倒装及特殊句式等易错点，以此检验考生对时态对应、句式结构的掌握，常设时态错位、if从句误用would等陷阱。单选、语法填空偶有考查，命题趋势，多结合具体语境出题，阅读理解中常以长难句形式出现，用来干扰对句意的理解；写作中正确运用能提升句式高级感，成为加分项。很少孤立考查语法规则，且常与语态、情态动词搭配考查。 ★知识体系构建 一、语气的定义与种类 二、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1.条件句和主句中动作同时发生的谓语动词构成形式（表格） 注意： a.suppose， supposing 引导的句子相当于 if 引导的条件句，有时也会出现虚拟现象。 b.provided, providing 引导的从句也表示条件，但一般不用虚拟，如： 2.混合时间的虚拟语气（错综虚拟语气） *从句指过去,主句指现在。 *从句指现在, 主句指过去。 注意： 1）if 条件句虚拟语气的省略 当 If 虚拟条件句的谓语中包含 had, were, should 这三个词时，可省略 If，并将这三个词提到句首，构成部分倒装结构。 ①从句含 had ②从句含 were/were to ③从句含 should 注： ①若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were, should, had等缩略成Weren't, Shouldn't, Hadn't而置于句首。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词 ③省略条件句的主语和其后的动词be ④省略“it+be” 2）if only引导的感叹句多用虚拟语气，相当于 I wish…… 3.含蓄条件句 ：用介词without没有, but for要不是, or否则和otherwise 否则，要不然 构成虚拟。 三、虚拟语气在从句中的使用 1.用于宾语从句 1）wish后的宾语从句，表示一个与现实情况相反的愿望，常译为“但愿……”“要是……就好了” 2）在表示建议、要求、命令的动词后的宾语从句，谓语用 should+动词原形， should可省略。 3）would rather/had rather虚拟语气:表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望 2.用于主语从句 1）It is/was +adj/done +that +sb （should）+do ------结构中的虚拟语气 2）It is/was +done +that +sb （should）+do ------结构中的虚拟语气 3）It's +名词+that sb （should）+do sth. 名词常为表示建议，命令，请求，必要性、重要性，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等的名词 3.用于同位语从句和表语从句 4.用于状语从句 1）even if / even though 引导的让步状语从句 2）as if/as though引导的方式状语从句时 3）虚拟语气用于目的状语从句 5.用在定语从句 四、虚拟语气在其他句型的用法 1.简单句中的虚拟语气 2.习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气 ①提出请求或邀请。 ②陈述自己的观点或看法。 ③提出劝告或建议。 ④提出问题。 ⑤表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。 ★知识核心突破 一、语气的定义与种类 语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 种类：英语中有四种语气(mood)：陈述语气、疑问语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 虚拟语气：用来表示说话人的主观愿望，假想或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。一般用于正式的书面语中，表示一种主观上不可能实现的愿望、想象、目的或与事实相反的假设。由于时间的关系，谓语动词往往有不同的表现形式。因此，在运用虚拟语气时，对时间一定要有准确的判断，从而确定相应的动词形式。 二、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1.条件句和主句中动作同时发生的谓语动词构成形式。 *如果你把自行车放在外面没人看管，可能会被别人拿走If you left the bicycle outside unattended, it might be taken away. *如果我知道她要来，我就去机场接她了 If I had got the news that she was coming. I would have met her at the airport. *如果明天下雪，我们就去山里滑雪。 If it should (were to) snow tomorrow, we would go skiing in the mountains. *如果人们停止狩猎，很多野生动物就能得到保护。 If people were to quit hunting, many animals should be protected in the wild. 总结： 条 件 从 句 主 句 与现在事实相反 (1) 动词过去时(或 were) (2)助动词的过去时+动词原形 should (would, could, might)+动词原形 与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 should (would, could, might)+ have+过去分词 与将来事实相反 (1) should+动词原形 (2) were to+动词原形 (3)动词过去式 should(would, could, might)+动词原形 练习： *如果没有电脑,我们的生活就不会这么方便。 Our life wouldn't be so easy if we had no computer. *如果杰克没患感冒,他就会出席这个会议。 If Jack didn't have a bad cold, he would be present at the meeting. *如果我像你一样年轻,我就试一试。 If I were as young as you are, I would take a try. *如果你听了我的劝告，你就不会犯这么傻的错误。 If you had taken my advice, yon wouldn't have made such a foolish mistake. *如果你在我这个位置上，你会怎么做？ What would you have done if you had been in my position? *如果他再细心一点的话，他或许会做得更好。 If he had been a bit more careful, he might have done much better. *如果几年前我不那么缺钱，我应该买了一套大房子。 I should have bought a bigger house if I hadn't been so short of money years ago. *如果这两个国家之间爆发战争，至少要持续三年。If a war were to break out between the two countries, it would last at least three years. *万一明天下雨，足球比赛就延期至下星期天。 If it rained tomorrow, the football match would be postponed until next Sunday. 注意： a.suppose， supposing 引导的句子相当于 if 引导的条件句，有时也会出现虚拟现象。 *假如你面前有条眼镜蛇，你将作何反应？ Supposing (Suppose) you had a cobra in front of you, how would you react? b.provided, providing 引导的从句也表示条件，但一般不用虚拟，如： *如果天气良好，我们的假日将过得非常好。 Provided we get good weather, it will be a successful holiday. *假如为我负担费用，我就同意去。 I agree to go providing my expenses are paid. 2.混合时间的虚拟语气（错综虚拟语气） 条件句中的动作和主句动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整. ★从句指过去,主句指现在。 *如果我昨天收到护照，我今天就可以出发了。 If I had received the passport yesterday，I would start today. *如果他遵守了医生的建议，他现在就好了。 If he had followed the doctor's advice ，he would be all right now. *如果当时他听了我的，那么他现在就没有麻烦。 *如果当时他听了我的，那么他现在就没有麻烦。 If he had listened to me, he might not be in trouble now. *如果昨晚下雨了，那么现在地面就是湿的。 If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. ★从句指现在, 主句指过去。 *如果我是你，我就会接受他的建议。 If I were you, I would have taken his advice. *如果你年龄更大一些，昨天我就会允许你去哪儿里了。 If you were older , I would have allowed you to go there yesterday. 注意： 1）if 条件句虚拟语气的省略 当 If 虚拟条件句的谓语中包含 had, were, should 这三个词时，可省略 If，并将这三个词提到句首，构成部分倒装结构。 ①从句含 had 句型：If + 主语 + had + 过去分词，主句 + would have done →Had + 主语 + 过去分词，主句 + would have done *如果我当时知道真相，我就告诉你了。 If I had known the truth, I would have told you. →Had I known the truth, I would have told you. *如果你当时听了我的建议，现在就不会有麻烦了。 If you had followed my advice , you wouldn't be in trouble now . →Had you followed my advice，you wouldn't be in trouble now . ②从句含 were/were to 句型：If + 主语 + were/were to ，主句 + would do →Were + 主语，主句 + would do →Were+主语+to ，主句+would do *如果我是你，我会接受这个提议。 If I were you, I would accept the offer. →Were I you, I would accept the offer. *如果他早点来，就能见到经理。 If he were to come early, he could meet the manager. →Were he to come early, he could meet the manager. ③从句含 should 句型：If + 主语 + should + 动词原形，主句 + would do →Should + 主语 + 动词原形，主句 + would do *如果明天真的下雨，我们就取消野餐。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would cancel the picnic. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would cancel the picnic. 练习： 1) *如果你早一些分钟来，你就会见到他。 If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. →Had you come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. *要不是亲眼所见，我是不会相信的。 If I hadn't seen it with my own eyes , I wouldn't have believed it. →Had I not seen it with my own eyes , I wouldn't have believed it. 2) *如果明天我去见你，我就会问他关于它。 If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. →Were I to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. *如果我是你，我就接受这个提议。 If I were you , I would take the offer. →Were I you , I would take the offer. 3) *如果他这次考试不及格，他就会再次尝试。 If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. →Should he fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. *要是他迟到，我们就启程不等他了。 If he should/ were to be late, we would set out without him. →Should (Were) he (to) be late , we would set out without him. 注：①若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were, should, had等缩略成Weren't, Shouldn't, Hadn't而置于句首。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词： Had I time, I would come. *假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time ) ③省略条件句的主语和其后的动词be 若主从句主语一致，且谓语部分包含有动词be，通常可将主语和动词be省略： *要是早点儿修一下，拖拉机就不会抛锚了。 If it had been repaired earlier ， the tractor would not have broken down. =If repaired earlier, the tractor would not have broken down. *如果需要的话我会派更多的民工去帮你。 If it were necessary, I would send more farm-hands to help you. =If necessary, I would send more farm-hands to help you. 2）if only引导的感叹句多用虚拟语气，相当于 I wish…… if only意为“________”，引导的句子可________使用，也可接在________后；句末常用________， 表达强烈的愿望或遗憾， ①与现在事实相反：动词过去式（be 用 were） 对当前状况的遗憾/愿望 *要是我再高一点就好了！If only I were taller! *要是他知道真相就好了！If only he knew the truth! ②与过去事实相反：had + 过去分词 对过去经历的遗憾/懊悔 *要是我当时更努力学习就好了！ If only I had studied harder! *要是她没错过火车就好了！ If only she hadn't missed the train! *要是他早接受手术就好了！If only he had been operated on earlier！ ③ 与将来事实相反：would / could / might + 动词原形 对未来的强烈愿望 *要是明天雨能停就好了！ If only the rain would stop tomorrow! 但：only if：表“只有……才”，引导条件状语从句，用陈述语气，主句需倒装（符合条件句倒装规则） 只有努力，你才会成功。→ Only if you work hard will you succeed.（陈述语气) 3.含蓄条件句 ：用介词without没有, but for要不是, or否则和otherwise 否则，要不然 构成虚拟。 We didn't know his telephone number，otherwise we would have telephoned him. But for your help ，I would not have succeed in the experiment. Without sunlight, there would be no life on our planet. He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it . But for the firemen's arrival, the fire would/ might have caused much greater loss. Without air or water, there wouldn't be any life on earth 三、虚拟语气在从句中的使用 1.用于宾语从句 1）wish后的宾语从句，表示一个与现实情况相反的愿望，常译为“但愿……”“要是……就好了” a.表示与现在事实相反的愿望（谓语动词：过去式） *但愿世界上没有战争和冲突I wish there were no wars or conflicts in the world.。 *但愿我像鸟一样有翅膀。I wish I had wings like a bird b.表示与过去事实相反的愿望（谓语动词：had done） *莫尼卡真希望自己没泄露那一直保守完好的秘密。 Monica wishes she had not revealed the well-kept secret. *要是我当时听了你的劝告就好了I wish I had taken your advice then.。 c.表示与将来事实相反的愿望（谓语动词：should/would +v） *光阴荏苒，日月如梭！若你能和我再待一个星期该有多好。 How time flies！ How I wish you would stay with me for another week. 2）在表示建议、要求、命令的动词后的宾语从句，谓语用 should+动词原形， should可省略。 *医生建议这位出租车司机立即戒烟。 The doctor suggested that the taxi driver (should) stop smoking at once. *经理要求他的秘书在中午前把那封信打印出来。 The manager insisted that his secretary (should) finish typing the letter before noon. *他的健康状况要求他卧床休息几周。 His health requires that he (should) stay in bed for weeks. *他要求再给一次机会作个解释。 He asks that he should be given a second opportunity to make an explanation. 注： ①常见动词： insist (on)， command，order， advise， propose，recommend,suggest，`ask， demand， request, require， urge, desire等 一个坚持: insist 两个命令: command, order 四个建议: advise, propose, recommend, suggest 四个要求: ask, demand, request, require 口诀：一坚二命四建议 ，四要求加两渴望 urge ， desire ②这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法，即从句中的动词 使用(should) + do sth. *她脸色苍白，表明她感觉不适。 The pale look on her face suggested that she was not well enough. *他坚持说自己是清白的。He insists (on) that he is innocent. 但：如果 suggest作“暗示，表明”讲， insist (on)作“坚持认为”讲，从句所叙述的是事实，那么谓语动词就用陈述语气。 3）would rather/had rather虚拟语气:表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望 ①与现在事实相反：从句谓语用过去时/be 用were *我宁愿你现在不在房间里抽烟。 I'd rather you didn't smoke in the room. *她宁愿他现在陪在她身边。 She'd rather he were here with her. ②与将来事实相反：从句谓语用过去时/be 用were *我宁愿你明天来，而不是今天。I'd rather you came tomorrow instead of today. *他宁愿我们下周不去那里。He'd rather we didn't go there next week. ③与过去事实相反：从句谓语用had +过去分词 *我宁愿你当时没告诉她这个消息。I'd rather you hadn't told her the news. *她宁愿他昨天来参加派对了。She'd rather he had come to the party yesterday. 2.用于主语从句 1）It is/was +adj/done +that +sb （should）+do ------结构中的虚拟语气 常用表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、迫切、紧迫、紧急重要等形容词后的主语从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气 常用形容词： natural，appropriate，advisable，preferable，important，imperative，urgent，vital，probable，possible，desirable，compulsory，crucial，desirable，essential，necessary，incredible，strange，surprising *父母有必要和他们的孩子经常交流。 It is necessary that parents (should) communicate with their children very often. *我们不应总是依赖广告所说的来购物，这是明智的。 It is advisable that we shouldn't always rely on what the advertisements say for shopping. 注：it's strange /surprising that 也可引起类似的虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词表示“遗憾，惊奇，怀疑或不满”等语气，但也可以用陈述语气，只是情感色彩稍弱一些。 *真奇怪，我居然没听说过这件事。It is strange that I shouldn't have heard about it. *一个三岁的孩子竟然认识这么多汉字，真令人吃惊。 It's surprising that a child of three should know so many Chinese words. 2） It is/was +done +that +sb （should）+do ------ 3） 常用的过去分词： suggested(ordered， advised， required， proposed，recommended，requested ，urged）等 *按要求，所有参加考试的人都不允许把试卷带走。 It is demanded that no candidates (should) be allowed to leave with their paper. *人们建议，在雷雨天，我们应该远离大树。 It's suggested that we stay away from the tall trees in thunderstorm. 3） It's +名词+that sb （should）+do sth. 名词常为表示建议，命令，请求，必要性、重要性，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等的名词 常用的名词： suggestion ，proposal ，request ，requirement，demand ，order ，advice ，requirement ，necessity，importance，decision ，recommendation ，arrangement ，preference ，insistence，pity，no wonder ，shame，surprise， *我们要求他明天来。It is our demand that he (should) come tomorrow. * 我们应该按时完成任务的建议是合理的。 The suggestion that we (should) finish the task in time is reasonable. *我建议派他去国外进一步学习。 It is my proposal that he （should）be sent to study further abroad. *学生掌握一门外语是非常重要的。 It is of great importance that a student (should) master a foreign language. 3.用于同位语从句和表语从句 用在某些表示建议，请求，命令等主观意向的名词 order， suggestion， demand， request， proposal，desire，advice，recommendation，necessity，preference，plan，idea等名词的同位语从句和表语从句中，从句的谓语动词应用 should+动词原形表示， should可以省去。 *他提出建议，下周六去旅游。 He made a suggestion that we should go on a trip the next Saturday. *他的请求是允许他请假。 His request is that he should be allowed to ask for leave. *我们应该举办派对的建议来自班长。 The suggestion that we (should) hold a party came from our monitor. *他要求我们周五前完成工作。 He gave us a request that we (should) finish the work by Friday. *我的建议是你立刻向她道歉。 My advice is that you (should) apologize to her at once. *我们的决定是运动会下周举行。 Our decision is that the sports meeting (should) be held next week. 4.用于状语从句 1）even if / even though 引导的让步状语从句 ①与现在事实相反 ：从句谓语动词用过去式（be 用 were） *即使我很有钱，我也不会买豪车。 Even if I were rich, I would not buy a luxury car. *纵然他来这儿，他也无法解决这个问题。 Even though he came here, he could not solve this problem alone. ②与过去事实相反：从句谓语动词用 had + 过去分词 *即使她当时知道真相，她也不会告诉我们。 Even if she had known the truth, she would not have told us. *纵然我们当时拼尽全力，我们可能还是会考试不及格。 Even though we had tried our best, we might still have failed the exam. ③与将来事实相反 ：从句谓语动词用①动词过去式 ②should + 动词原形 ③were to + 动词原形 *即使明天会下雨，我们还是要去露营。 Even if it rained tomorrow, we would still go camping. *纵然他会错过火车，他也可以打车去开会。 Even though he should miss the train, he could take a taxi to the meeting. 2） as if/as though引导的方式状语从句时 虚拟语气的使用条件是，从句内容与事实不符、是主观想象或可能性极小的情况。若从句内容与事实相符或可能性大，则用陈述语气。 ①与现在事实相反：从句谓语动词用过去式（be 用 were） 描述当前的虚假状态/动作 *她说话的样子，好像什么都知道似的。 She talks as if she knew everything. *他表现得仿佛自己是公司老板一样。 He acts as though he were the boss of the company. *他看上去好像生病了。 He looks as if he is ill .②与过去事实相反：从句谓语动词用 had + 过去分词 描述过去的虚假经历/动作 *她的眼睛红了，好像哭过一样。 Her eyes were red as if she had been crying. *他看起来仿佛见了鬼似的。 He looked as though he had seen a ghost. *他谈起利比亚就仿佛他曾经到过那里似的。 He talked about Libya as if he had ever been there. *这水果吃起来好像已经坏了。The fruit tastes as if it has gone bad. ③与将来事实相反： would / could / might + 动词原形 描述将来的虚假可能性。 *他张开嘴，好像要说什么重要的话似的。 He opened his mouth as if he would say something important. *在晚会上，他们愉快地交谈着，似乎他们将能成为好朋友。 At the party, they talked happily as if they would become good friends. 3） 虚拟语气用于目的状语从句 表达“以防、以免、为了”等主观目的，从句谓语固定用 (should) + 动词原形（should 可省略，高考重点）。 ★lest（以免、唯恐） She locked the door lest someone (should) break in.她锁上了门，以免有人闯入。 He studied hard lest he (should) fail the exam.他努力学习，唯恐考试不及格。 ★for fear that（以防、生怕） She took an umbrella for fear that it (should) rain.她带了伞，以防下雨。 He kept quiet for fear that he (should) wake up the baby.他保持安静，生怕吵醒宝宝。 ★in case（以防，仅在表示“主观担心的目的”时用虚拟，表“客观条件的防备”用陈述语气） Take some money with you in case you (should) need it.随身带点钱，以防你需要用。 对比（表客观防备，用陈述语气）： Take an umbrella in case it rains.（带伞以防下雨，客观天气情况） 注： a.虚拟语气的触发条件 仅当从句表达主观的担心、唯恐、以防某种不希望发生的情况时，才用 (should) + 动词原形。 若为客观的目的或条件，用陈述语气 b，引导目的状语的 so that / in order that，通常用 can / could / may / might + 动词原形，不用虚拟语气（高考易混点，需严格区分）。 *他踮着脚走进房间，惟恐惊醒他的妻子。 He tiptoed in the room for fear that he might wake up his wife. *伦敦人总是随身带把雨伞，以防下雨。 Londoners always take umbrellas with them in case that it might rain/ rains. 5.用在定语从句 定语从句本身不自带虚拟语气规则，高考中仅涉及一种高频场景，需重点掌握： It's (high/about) time that... 是固定句式，表达“该是做某事的时候了”，that 引导的是定语从句（修饰先行词 time），从句必须用虚拟语气。 形式1：动词过去式（更常用，口语/书面语通用） *我们该睡觉了。It's high time that we went to bed. *你该上学去了。It's time you left home for school.形式2：should + 动词原形（should 不可省略 ，正式书面语） *他该为自己的错误负责了。 It's about time that he should take responsibility for his mistakes. *这正是我们和老外练习口语的时候。 It's high time we practiced our spoken English with the native speakers. 四、虚拟语气在其他句型的用法 1.简单句中的虚拟语气 (1)说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should + 动词原形。 *我把门关起来你介意吗？ Would you mind my shutting the door? *你要把这个教训牢记于心。You should always learn this lesson by heart. *我应该同意你的观点。 I should agree with you. (2)表示“祝愿”时，常用may + 主语+ 动词原形。 *祝你一路顺风。May you have a good journey! *祝你青春永驻。 May your youth last for ever! (3)表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时，常用动词原形。 *Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国共产党万岁。 *God bless us. 上帝保佑。 *Long live the peace of the world！世界和平万岁！ 2.习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气 ①提出请求或邀请。 *今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗? Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? *我可以用一下你的单车吗? Could I use your bike now? ②陈述自己的观点或看法。 *见到你我会很高兴。I should glad to meet you. *我会尽力帮助你。I would try my best to help you. ③提出劝告或建议。 *你最好先问一问你的父亲。You’d better ask your father first. *你应该先全面调查一番。You should make a full investigation of it first. ④提出问题。 *你认为他能按时来吗?Do you think he could get here on time? *你期望他会告诉我们真相吗?Do you expect he would tell us the truth? ⑤表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。 其结构为：should/could/might/ought to+have done *should have done/ought to have done sth.表示过去本应该而实际上却没 *should not have done/ought not to have done sth.表示过去本不应该而实际上却做了 *could/might have done表示本可以做却没做 *would like to have done sth.表示本想做某事(但没做成) *needn't have done sth.表示本不必做某事(但已经发生了) *I had planned (wanted, hoped, thought, meant...) to do/that-从句，表示本打算(想，希望，以为…… 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高考英语虚拟语气讲练结合-2026届高考英语语法重难点专项突破 ★知识考情定位 虚拟语气核心考查方向，侧重考察if虚拟条件句、名词性从句中的虚拟用法，也常涉及含蓄虚拟、倒装及特殊句式等易错点，以此检验考生对时态对应、句式结构的掌握，常设时态错位、if从句误用would等陷阱。单选、语法填空偶有考查，命题趋势，多结合具体语境出题，阅读理解中常以长难句形式出现，用来干扰对句意的理解；写作中正确运用能提升句式高级感，成为加分项。很少孤立考查语法规则，且常与语态、情态动词搭配考查。 ★知识体系构建 一、语气的定义与种类 二、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1.条件句和主句中动作同时发生的谓语动词构成形式（表格） 注意： a.suppose， supposing 引导的句子相当于 if 引导的条件句，有时也会出现虚拟现象。 b.provided, providing 引导的从句也表示条件，但一般不用虚拟，如： 2.混合时间的虚拟语气（错综虚拟语气） *从句指过去,主句指现在。 *从句指现在, 主句指过去。 注意： 1）if 条件句虚拟语气的省略 当 If 虚拟条件句的谓语中包含 had, were, should 这三个词时，可省略 If，并将这三个词提到句首，构成部分倒装结构。 ①从句含 had ②从句含 were/were to ③从句含 should 注： ①若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were, should, had等缩略成Weren't, Shouldn't, Hadn't而置于句首。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词 ③省略条件句的主语和其后的动词be ④省略“it+be” 2）if only引导的感叹句多用虚拟语气，相当于 I wish…… 3.含蓄条件句 ：用介词without没有, but for要不是, or否则和otherwise 否则，要不然 构成虚拟。 三、虚拟语气在从句中的使用 1.用于宾语从句 1）wish后的宾语从句，表示一个与现实情况相反的愿望，常译为“但愿……”“要是……就好了” 2）在表示建议、要求、命令的动词后的宾语从句，谓语用 should+动词原形， should可省略。 3）would rather/had rather虚拟语气:表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望 2.用于主语从句 1）It is/was +adj/done +that +sb （should）+do ------结构中的虚拟语气 2）It is/was +done +that +sb （should）+do ------结构中的虚拟语气 3）It's +名词+that sb （should）+do sth. 名词常为表示建议，命令，请求，必要性、重要性，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等的名词 3.用于同位语从句和表语从句 4.用于状语从句 1）even if / even though 引导的让步状语从句 2）as if/as though引导的方式状语从句时 3）虚拟语气用于目的状语从句 5.用在定语从句 四、虚拟语气在其他句型的用法 1.简单句中的虚拟语气 2.习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气 ①提出请求或邀请。 ②陈述自己的观点或看法。 ③提出劝告或建议。 ④提出问题。 ⑤表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。 ★知识核心突破 一、语气的定义与种类 语气：语气是________的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的________和________。 种类：英语中有四种语气(mood)：________、________、________和________。 虚拟语气：用来表示说话人的________，________或________，而不表示________存在的事实。一般用于正式的书面语中，表示一种主观上不可能实现的________、________、目的或与事实相反的________。由于时间的关系，________动词往往有不同的表现形式。因此，在运用虚拟语气时，对时间一定要有准确的判断，从而确定相应的动词形式。 二、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1.条件句和主句中________发生的谓语动词构成形式 *如果你把自行车放在外面没人看管，可能会被别人拿走。 If you ________（leave）the bicycle outside unattended, it ________（take）away. *如果我知道她要来，我就去机场接她了 If I ________（get） the news that she was coming. I _______（meet） her at the airport. *如果明天下雪，我们就去山里滑雪。 If it ________（snow）tomorrow, we ________ （go）skiing in the mountains. *如果人们停止狩猎，很多野生动物就能得到保护。 If people ________（quit） hunting, many animals ________（protect） in the wild. 总结： 条 件 从 句 主 句 与现在事实相反 (1)________________ (2)________________ should (would, could, might)+动词原形 与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 ________________________ 与将来事实相反 （1）________ (2) ________ (3)________ should(would, could, might)+动词原形 练习： *如果没有电脑,我们的生活就不会这么方便。 Our life ________（be）so easy if we ________（have）no computer. *如果杰克没患感冒,他就会出席这个会议。 If Jack ________（have）a bad cold, he ________ （be）present at the meeting. *如果我像你一样年轻,我就试一试。 If I ________（be）as young as you are, I ________（take） a try. *如果你听了我的劝告，你就不会犯这么傻的错误。 If you ________（take）my advice, yon ________（have）made such a foolish mistake. *如果你在我这个位置上，你会怎么做？ What________ you ________（do）if you ________（be） in my position? *如果他再细心一点的话，他或许会做得更好。 If he ________（be）a bit more careful, he ________ （do）much better. *如果几年前我不那么缺钱，我应该买了一套大房子。 I ________（buy）a bigger house if I ________（be）so short of money years ago. *如果这两个国家之间爆发战争，至少要持续三年。 If a war ________（break）out between the two countries, it ______（last）at least three years. *万一明天下雨，足球比赛就延期至下星期天。 If it ________（rain）tomorrow, the football match _______（postpone）until next Sunday. 注意： a.假如你面前有条眼镜蛇，你将作何反应？ Supposing (Suppose) you had a cobra in front of you, how would you react? *suppose， supposing 引导的句子相当于_______引导的条件句，有时也会出现________现象。 b.如果天气良好，我们的假日将过得非常好。 Provided we get good weather, it will be a successful holiday. 假如为我负担费用，我就同意去。 I agree to go providing my expenses are paid. *provided, providing 引导的从句也表示________，但一般不用________。 2.混合时间的虚拟语气（________虚拟语气） 条件句中的动作和主句动作________发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的________加以调整. ★从句指过去,主句指现在。 *如果我昨天收到护照，我今天就可以出发了。 If I ________ （receive）the passport yesterday，I ________（start）today. *如果他遵守了医生的建议，他现在就好了。 If he ________ （follow）the doctor's advice ，he ________ （be）all right now. *如果当时他听了我的，那么他现在就没有麻烦。 If he ________（listen）to me, he ________ （be）in trouble now. *如果昨晚下雨了，那么现在地面就是湿的。 If it ________ （rain）last night, the ground ________（be）wet now. ★从句指现在, 主句指过去。 *如果我是你，我就会接受他的建议。 If I ________（be）you, I ________（take） his advice. *如果你年龄更大一些，昨天我就会允许你去哪儿里了。 If you ________（be） older , I ________（allow） you to go there yesterday. 注意： 1）if 条件句虚拟语气的省略 当 If 虚拟条件句的谓语中包含 ________, ________, ________ 这三个词时，可省略 ________，并将这三个词提到________，构成________倒装结构。 ①从句含 had 句型：If + 主语 + had + 过去分词，主句 + would have done →________ + 主语 +________，主句 + would have done *如果我当时知道真相，我就告诉你了。 If I ________（know）the truth, I ________（tell） you. →________________________________________________________________ *如果你当时听了我的建议，现在就不会有麻烦了。 If you ________（follow）my advice , you ________（not be）in trouble now . →________________________________________________________________. ②从句含 were/were to 句型：If + 主语 + were/were to ，主句 + would do →Were + 主语，主句 + would do →Were+主语+to ，主句+would do *如果我是你，我会接受这个提议。 If I________（be） you, I ________（accept） the offer. →________________________________________________________________ *如果他早点来，就能见到经理。 If he ________（be）to come early, he ________（meet）the manager. →________________________________________________________________ ③从句含 should 句型：If + 主语 + should + 动词原形，主句 + would do →Should + 主语 + 动词原形，主句 + would do *如果明天真的下雨，我们就取消野餐。 If it ________（rain） tomorrow, we ________（cancel）the picnic. →________________________________________________________________ 练习： 1) *如果你早一些分钟来，你就会见到他。 If you ________（come） a few minutes earlier, you ________（meet) him. →________________________________________________________________ *要不是亲眼所见，我是不会相信的。 If I ________（see）it with my own eyes , I ________（believe）it. →________________________________________________________________ 2) *如果明天我去见你，我就会问他关于它。 If I ________（meet）him tomorrow, I________（ask）him about it. →________________________________________________________________ *如果我是你，我就接受这个提议。 If I ________（be）you , I ________（take）the offer. →________________________________________________________________ 3) *如果他这次考试不及格，他就会再次尝试。 If he ________（fail）in the experiment this time, he ________（try）again. →________________________________________________________________ *要是他迟到，我们就启程不等他了。 If he ________（be）late, we ________（set）out without him. →________________________________________________________________ 注：①若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于________之后，而不能与were, should, had等缩略成________,________, ________而置于________。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词： Had I time, I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time ) ③省略条件句的主语和其后的动词be 若主从句________，且谓语部分包含有________，通常可将主语和动词be省略： 要是早点儿修一下，拖拉机就不会抛锚了 If it had been repaired earlier ， the tractor would not have broken down. =If ________（repair） earlier, the tractor ________（not break） down. ④省略“it+be” 如果需要的话我会派更多的民工去帮你。 If it ________（be） necessary, I ________（send） more farm-hands to help you. =________________________________________________________________ 2）if only引导的感叹句多用虚拟语气，相当于 I wish…… if only  意为“________”，引导的句子可________使用，也可接在________后；句末常用________，表达强烈的愿望或遗憾， ①与现在事实相反：动词过去式（be 用 were） 对当前状况的遗憾/愿望 *要是我再高一点就好了！If only I ________（be） taller! *要是他知道真相就好了！If only he ________（know） the truth! ②与过去事实相反：had + 过去分词 对过去经历的遗憾/懊悔 * 要是我当时更努力学习就好了！If only I ________（study）harder! *要是她没错过火车就好了！If only she ________（miss）the train! *要是他早接受手术就好了！If only he ________________（operate）on earlier！ ③ 与将来事实相反：would / could / might + 动词原形 对未来的强烈愿望 * 要是明天雨能停就好了！ If only the rain ________（stop） tomorrow! 但：only if：表“________”，引导条件状语从句，用________，主句需________（符合条件句倒装规则） 只有努力，你才会成功。→ Only if you work hard will you succeed.（陈述语气) 3.含蓄条件句 ：用介词________没有, ________要不是, ________否则和________否则，要不然 构成虚拟。 *We didn't know his telephone number，otherwise we ________（telephone）him. *But for your help ，I ________________（not succeed）in the experiment. *Without sunlight, there ________（be）no life on our planet. *He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I ________（know）nothing about it . *But for the firemen's arrival, the fire ________（cause）much greater loss. *Without air or water, there ________（not be）any life on earth. 三、虚拟语气在从句中的使用 1.用于宾语从句 1）wish后的宾语从句，表示一个与现实情况相反的愿望，常译为“但愿……”“要是……就好了” a.表示与现在事实相反的愿望（谓语动词：________） *但愿世界上没有战争和冲突。I wish there ________（be）no wars or conflicts in the world. *但愿我像鸟一样有翅膀。I wish I________（have）wings like a bird. b.表示与过去事实相反的愿望（谓语动词：________） *莫尼卡真希望自己没泄露那一直保守完好的秘密。 Monica wishes she ________ （reveal）the well-kept secret. *要是我当时听了你的劝告就好了。I wish I ________ （take）your advice then. c.表示与将来事实相反的愿望（谓语动词：________） *光阴荏苒，日月如梭！若你能和我再待一个星期该有多好。 How time flies！ How I wish you ________ （stay）with me for another week. 2）在表示建议、要求、命令的动词后的宾语从句，谓语用 should+动词原形， should可省略。 *医生建议这位出租车司机立即戒烟。 The doctor suggested that the taxi driver ________（stop）smoking at once. *经理要求他的秘书在中午前把那封信打印出来。 The manager insisted that his secretary ________（finish）typing the letter before noon. *他的健康状况要求他卧床休息几周。 His health requires that he ________（stay）in bed for weeks. *他要求再给一次机会作个解释。 He asks that he ________ （give）a second opportunity to make an explanation. 注： ①常见动词：insist (on)， command，order， advise， propose，recommend,suggest，`ask， demand， request, require， urge, desire等 一个坚持: ________ 两个命令: ________，________ 四个建议:________, ________,________, ________ 四个要求:________,________, ________, ________, 口诀：一坚二命四建议 ，四要求加两渴望________ ， ②她脸色苍白，表明她感觉不适。 The pale look on her face suggested that she was not well enough. 他坚持说自己是清白的。He insists (on) that he is innocent. *这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法，即从句中的动词 使用(should) + do sth. 但：如果 suggest作“________”讲， insist (on)作“________”讲，从句所叙述的是事实，那么谓语动词就用________。 3）would rather/had rather虚拟语气:表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望 ①与现在事实相反：从句谓语用________ *我宁愿你现在不在房间里抽烟。I'd rather you ________（not smoke）in the room. *她宁愿他现在陪在她身边。She'd rather he________（be） here with her. ②与将来事实相反：从句谓语用 *我宁愿你明天来，而不是今天。I'd rather you________（come）tomorrow instead of today. * 他宁愿我们下周不去那里。He'd rather we ________（go ）there next week. ③与过去事实相反：从句谓语用 *我宁愿你当时没告诉她这个消息。I'd rather you ________（not tell）her the news. *她宁愿他昨天来参加派对了。She'd rather he ________（come）to the party yesterday. 2.用于主语从句 1）It is/was +adj/done +that +sb （should）+do ------ 常用表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、迫切、紧迫、紧急重要等形容词后的主语从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气 常用形容词： natural，appropriate，advisable，preferable，important，imperative，urgent，vital，probable，possible，desirable，compulsory，crucial，desirable，essential，necessary，incredible，strange，surprising *父母有必要和他们的孩子经常交流。 It is necessary that parents _____________（communicate) with their children very often. *我们不应总是依赖广告所说的来购物，这是明智的。 It is advisable that we _______always rely on what the advertisements say for shopping. 注：it's strange /surprising that 也可引起类似的虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词表示“遗憾，惊奇，怀疑或不满”等语气，但也可以用陈述语气，只是情感色彩稍弱一些。 *真奇怪，我居然没听说过这件事。It is strange that I ________________(hear) about it. *一个三岁的孩子竟然认识这么多汉字，真令人吃惊。 It's surprising that a child of three ________(know) so many Chinese words. 2） It is/was +done +that +sb （should）+do ------ 3） 常用的过去分词： suggested(ordered， advised， required， proposed，recommended，requested ，urged）等 *人们要求，候选人不被允许带着纸离开。 It is demanded that no candidates ________（allow）to leave with their paper. *人们建议，在雷雨天，我们应该远离大树。 It's suggested that we ________（stay）away from the tall trees in thunderstorm. 3） It's +名词+that sb （should）+do sth. 名词常为表示建议，命令，请求，必要性、重要性，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等的名词 常用的名词： suggestion ，proposal ，request ，requirement，demand ，order ，advice ，requirement ，necessity，importance，decision ，recommendation ，arrangement ，preference ，insistence，pity，no wonder ，shame，surprise， *我们要求他明天来。 It is our demand that he ________（come）tomorrow. *我们应该按时完成任务的建议是合理的。 The suggestion that we ________（finish） the task in time is reasonable. *我建议派他去国外进一步学习。 It is my proposal that he ________________（send）to study further abroad. *学生掌握一门外语是非常重要的。 It is of great importance that a student ________（master）a foreign language. 3.用于同位语从句和表语从句 用在某些表示建议，请求，命令等主观意向的名词 order， suggestion， demand， request， proposal，desire，advice，recommendation，necessity，preference，plan，idea等名词的同位语从句和表语从句中，从句的谓语动词应用 should+动词原形表示， should可以省去。 *他提出建议，下周六去旅游。 He made a suggestion that we ________（go） on a trip the next Saturday. *他的请求是允许他请假。 His request is that he ________（allow）to ask for leave. *我们应该举办派对的建议来自班长。 The suggestion that we ________（hold）a party came from our monitor. *他要求我们周五前完成工作。 He gave us a request that we ________（finish）the work by Friday. *我的建议是你立刻向她道歉。 My advice is that you ________（apologize）to her at once. *我们的决定是运动会下周举行。 Our decision is that the sports meeting ________（hold） next week. 4.用于状语从句 1）even if / even though 引导的让步状语从句 ①与现在事实相反 ：从句谓语动词用过去式（be 用 were） *即使我很有钱，我也不会买豪车。 Even if I ________（be）rich, I would not buy a luxury car. *纵然他来这儿，他也无法解决这个问题。 Even though he ________（come）here, he could not solve this problem . ②与过去事实相反：从句谓语动词用 had + 过去分词 *即使她当时知道真相，她也不会告诉我们。 Even if she________（know） the truth, she ________________（not tell）us. *纵然我们当时拼尽全力，我们可能还是会考试不及格。 Even though we ________ （try）our best, we might still have failed the exam. ③与将来事实相反 ：从句谓语动词用①动词过去式 ②should + 动词原形 ③were to + 动词原形 *即使明天会下雨，我们还是要去露营。 Even if it________（rain） tomorrow, we would still go camping. *纵然他会错过火车，他也可以打车去开会。 Even though he ________（miss） the train, he could take a taxi to the meeting. 2） as if/as though引导的方式状语从句时 虚拟语气的使用条件是，从句内容与事实不符、是主观想象或可能性极小的情况。若从句内容与事实相符或可能性大，则用陈述语气。 ①与现在事实相反：从句谓语动词用过去式（be 用 were） 描述当前的虚假状态/动作 *她说话的样子，好像什么都知道似的。 She talks as if she________（know）everything. *他表现得仿佛自己是公司老板一样。 He acts as though he ________（be） the boss of the company. *他看上去好像生病了。 He looks as if he ________（be） ill. ②与过去事实相反：从句谓语动词用 had + 过去分词 描述过去的虚假经历/动作 *她的眼睛红了，好像哭过一样。Her eyes were red as if she________（be）crying. *他看起来仿佛见了鬼似的。 He looked as though he ________（see） a ghost. *他谈起利比亚就仿佛他曾经到过那里似的。 He talked about Libya as if he ________ ever________（be）there. *这水果吃起来好像已经坏了。The fruit tastes as if it ________ （go）bad. ③与将来事实相反： would / could / might + 动词原形 描述将来的虚假可能性。 * 他张开嘴，好像要说什么重要的话似的。 He opened his mouth as if he ________（say） something important. *在晚会上，他们愉快地交谈着，似乎他们将能成为好朋友。 At the party, they talked happily as if they________（become） good friends. 3） 虚拟语气用于目的状语从句 表达“以防、以免、为了”等主观目的，从句谓语固定用 (should) + 动词原形（should 可省略，高考重点）。 ★________（以免、唯恐） She locked the door lest someone (should) break in.________________________________ He studied hard lest he (should) fail the exam.________________________________ ★________（以防、生怕） She took an umbrella for fear that it (should) rain.________________________________ He kept quiet for fear that he (should) wake up the baby._____________________________ ★________（以防，仅在表示“主观担心的目的”时用虚拟，表“客观条件的防备”用陈述语气） Take some money with you in case you (should) need it.________________________________ 对比（表客观防备，用陈述语气）： Take an umbrella in case it rains.（带伞以防下雨，客观天气情况） 注： a.虚拟语气的触发条件 仅当从句表达主观的担心、唯恐、以防某种不希望发生的情况时，才用 (should) + 动词原形。 若为客观的目的或条件，用陈述语气 b，引导目的状语的 so that / in order that，通常用 can / could / may / might + 动词原形，不用虚拟语气（高考易混点，需严格区分）。 他踮着脚走进房间，惟恐惊醒他的妻子。 He tiptoed in the room ________ that he ________his wife. 伦敦人总是随身带把雨伞，以防下雨。 Londoners always take umbrellas with them ________ that it ________________. 5.用在定语从句 定语从句本身不自带虚拟语气规则，高考中仅涉及一种高频场景，需重点掌握： It's (high/about) time that... 是固定句式，表达“________________”，that 引导的是定语从句（修饰先行词________），从句必须用虚拟语气。 形式1：动词过去式（更常用，口语/书面语通用） *我们该睡觉了。It's high time that we ________（go）to bed. *你该上学去了。It's time you________（leave）home for school. 形式2：should + 动词原形（should 不可省略 ，正式书面语） *他该为自己的错误负责了。 It's about time that he ________（take） responsibility for his mistakes. *这正是我们和老外练习口语的时候。 It's high time we ________（practice）our spoken English with the native speakers. 四、虚拟语气在其他句型的用法 1.简单句中的虚拟语气 (1)说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should + 动词原形。 我把门关起来你介意吗？ ________________________________________________________________ 你要把这个教训牢记于心。 ________________________________________________________________ (2)表示“祝愿”时，常用may + 主语+ 动词原形。 *祝你一路顺风。________________________________________________________________ *祝你青春永驻。________________________________________________________________ (3)表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时，常用动词原形。 *Long live the Communist Party of China. _____________________________________ *God bless us. ________________________________________________________________ *Long live the peace of the world！_______________________________________________ 2.习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气 ①提出请求或邀请。 *今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗? ________________________________________________________________ *我可以用一下你的单车吗? ________________________________________________________________ ②陈述自己的观点或看法。 *见到你我会很高兴。________________________________________________________________ *我会尽力帮助你。________________________________________________________________ ③提出劝告或建议。 *你最好先问一问你的父亲。___________________________________________________________ *你应该先全面调查一番。 ________________________________________________________________ ④提出问题。 *你认为他能按时来吗?________________________________________________________________ *你期望他会告诉我们真相吗?___________________________________________________________ ⑤表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。 其结构为：should/could/might/ought to+have done *should have done/ought to have done sth.表示________________________ *should not have done/ought not to have done sth.表示________________________ *could/might have done表示________________________ *would like to have done sth.表示________________________ *needn't have done sth.表示________________________ *I had planned (wanted, hoped, thought, meant...) to do/that-从句，表示________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $