Unit 2 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦动词不定式作主语这一核心知识点，系统梳理其表示具体一次性或将来动作的基本用法，通过it作形式主语平衡句子结构的方法，对比与动名词作主语的差异（具体动作vs抽象经常性动作），并延伸至疑问词+不定式作主语及主谓一致规则，构建从基础用法到特殊句型的递进学习支架。 该讲义以“理论讲解-例句示范-即时演练”为主线，融入应用文写作实例（如发言稿中“how to treat failure”作主语），通过对比分析培养学生思维品质，借助语法填空和完成句子提升语言能力。课中辅助教师清晰授课，课后练习帮助学生巩固知识，查漏补缺，助力形成自主学习习惯。

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 动词不定式作主语 一、动词不定式作主语的用法 动词不定式作主语，表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作；在很多情况下，人们通常用it作形式主语，而把动词不定式移至谓语之后，使句子结构显得平衡一些。 To know something about English is one thing；to know English is quite another. 懂一点英语是一回事；掌握英语完全是另一回事。 It is impossible to learn a foreign language without making painstaking efforts. 不下苦功就能学会一门外语是不可能的。 二、动词不定式具有名词的特征，可在句子中充当主语 To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can get. 爱与被爱是一个人能获得的最大幸福。 To improve our teaching method is very important. 改进我们的教学方法是非常重要的。 三、动词不定式作主语与动词­ing形式作主语时的区别 1．动词不定式表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来的动作。 To teach you the uses of the infinitives is my job today.(表具体行为) 教你们动词不定式的用法是我今天的工作。 2．动词­ing形式表示比较抽象的、经常性的、一般性的动作。 Teaching is my job.(表抽象行为) 教学是我的工作。 3．动词不定式和when，where，how，what，whether等疑问词连用，在句子中作主语。 Failure cannot be avoided as we grow up.Therefore，how to treat failure is very important.(应用文之发言稿) 在我们成长的过程中，失败是不可避免的。因此，如何对待失败是非常重要的。 Whether to sign up for the competition bothered him a lot. 是否报名参加比赛让他很烦恼。 4．不定式短语作主语与主谓一致 (1)单个不定式(短语)作主语，谓语用单数。 To improve your spoken English needs your constant practice. 提高英语口语需要你持续的练习。 (2)两个或两个以上不定式并列作主语，若语意不一致则用复数，但如果不定式作为一个整体或属于同一概念，仍用单数。 To improve people's lives and to speed up socialist construction are our two important tasks today. 提高人民生活水平和加快社会主义建设是当今我们的两个重要任务。 Early to go to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy. 早睡早起有益健康。 [即时演练1]　完成句子 ①我很荣幸有机会参加今天的面试。 It is a great honor for me to have an opportunity to attend the interview today. ②被选中代表他们的国家是大多数运动员的最高荣誉。 To be chosen to represent their country is the highest honor for most athletes. ③上山很艰难，下山却很好玩。 To climb the mountain is hard work but to go down the mountain is great fun. ④对我们来说，反复看来记新单词是不错的方式。 It is a good way for us to memorize new words by seeing them repeatedly. ⑤如何拯救这种稀有珍贵的动物仍然是一个很大的问题。 How to save this kind of rare and precious animal remains a great concern. 四、it作形式主语的句型 1．It is/was＋形容词＋(for/of sb)＋动词不定式 (1)It is/was＋形容词＋(for sb)＋动词不定式 强调动作特征的形容词(如easy，difficult，hard，important，possible，wise等)常用于此句型。为了强调动词不定式动作的执行者，常在动词不定式前加for sb。 It is necessary for us to master some basic living skills. 我们有必要掌握一些基本的生活技能。 (2)It is/was＋形容词＋(of sb)＋动词不定式 表示心理品质或性格特征的形容词(如kind，nice，stupid，clever，foolish，polite，impolite，silly，selfish，considerate等)常用于此句型，动作的逻辑主语与这些形容词可以构成主系表结构，因此这样的句式也可转化为“sb＋be＋形容词＋动词不定式”。 It is foolish of you to trust a person like him. →You are foolish to trust a person like him. 你相信像他这样的人是愚蠢的。 2．It is＋a/an＋名词(如a pity/a shame/a pleasure/one's duty/an honour ...)＋to do ... In a word, my appreciation to you is beyond words.It is really an honor for me to have been your student.(应用文之感谢信) 总之，我对您的感激之情无法用言语表达。作为您的学生，我感到非常荣幸。 3．It takes/costs/requires/makes ...sb/sth to do sth It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down, but much less time for paper. 塑料需要数百年才能分解，而纸则需要更短的时间。 在It is＋no use/no good/useless/a waste of time...句型中常用动词­ing形式作真正的主语。 It is no use waiting here doing nothing. 无所事事地在这里等待是没有用的。　 [即时演练2]　完成句子 ①我们有必要提高环保意识，养成垃圾分类的好习惯。 It is necessary for us to raise awareness of environmental protection and develop the good habit of garbage sorting. ②这是一个学习新文化和认识新朋友的好机会。 It is a good chance to learn new culture and meet new friends. ③控制全球变暖需要多年的工作。 It takes years of work to control the global warming. ④停止使用一次性筷子对于保护森林至关重要。 It is vital to stop using disposable chopsticks to protect forests. ⑤当你在公众场合演讲时，一开始感到紧张是正常的。 It is normal for you to feel nervous at first when making a speech in public. make up one's mind下定决心 change one's mind　改变主意 bear/keep ...in mind 牢记…… fix one's mind on/upon 将注意力集中于…… [经典佳句]　Inspired by his actions, she made up her mind to save lives when she grew up.(读后续写之心理描写) 他的行为让她备受鼓舞，她下定决心长大后要拯救他人生命。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds (mind)for better. (2025·北京卷) ②With his mind fixed (fix) on the things not related to his studies, his marks have fallen rapidly. ③为了成为像你一样伟大的人，我已经下定决心更加努力学习，取得更大进步。 I have made up my mind to study harder and make greater progress so as to be a great person like you. be composed of由……组成(或构成)的 (1)compose vt.& vi. 组成；作曲；撰写 (2)composition n. 作文；作曲；作品；成分 (3)composer n. 作曲家；作家 [经典佳句]　The team, composed of participants throughout the country, rushed to the rescue of people trapped in the ruins. 由来自全国各地的参与者组成的队伍，迅速赶往救援被困在废墟中的人们。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①The group composed(compose) of three influential physicists and ten assistants has made a breakthrough in physics. ②This man deserves his fame as one of the most popular composers(composer)in Western musical history. ③我强烈建议我们的英语电影欣赏课程由欣赏电影、讨论精彩台词和给电影配音组成。(应用文写作之建议信) a．I strongly suggest that our English film appreciation course (should) be composed of/ be made up of/ be comprised of enjoying the film，talking about wonderful movie lines and dubbing. b．I strongly recommend that enjoying the film，talking about wonderful movie lines and dubbing (should) make up/ consist of our English film appreciation course. disturb vt.打扰；搅乱；使烦恼 (1)disturb the peace　 扰乱治安 (2)disturbing adj. 引起烦恼的；令人不安的 disturbed adj. 困扰的 [经典佳句]　The restaurant has large separate rooms with a quiet atmosphere, where you can enjoy your party without being disturbed.(应用文之推荐信) 餐厅拥有宽敞的独立房间，氛围安静，你可以在不受打扰的情况下享受你的派对。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/句型转换 ①Avoid disturbing (disturb)others, choose appropriate times and places, and always respect privacy.(2025·浙江卷) ②Very annoyed and disturbed， she walked slowly toward the door.(读后续写之动作描写) ③You'd better say sorry to those who were disturbed by your loud noise. →You'd better say sorry to those disturbed by your loud noise.(用非谓语动词改写) Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．While in the canteen, it's good manners to wait(wait) in line and keep quiet. 2．It's really a good chance for you to show(show) your talent for shooting a film. 3．Traveling(travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. 4．To develop healthy and scientific eating habits is (be) of great importance to your health and well­being. 5．It will take a nutrition specialist an hour for you to make(make) a balanced diet menu. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．步行去银行大约用十分钟时间。 It takes about ten minutes to walk to the bank. 2．在一天结束的时候，我们很容易在被误解的感觉下入睡。 It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood. 3．那个商人捐了那么多钱真是太慷慨了。 It's very generous of that businessman to donate so much money to the charity. 4．什么时候开会还没有定下来呢。 When to hold the meeting hasn't been decided yet. 5．很难决定把这个箱子放在哪里。 Where to put the box seems hard to decide. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $