专题04 冠词与数词(复习讲义)(浙江专用)2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

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摘要:

该初中英语讲义聚焦中考“冠词与数词”专题,覆盖不定冠词a/an、定冠词the、零冠词用法及基数词、序数词、分数倍数表达六大核心考点,按“考情透视-考点突破-真题训练”架构组织,通过表格对比、口诀助记梳理用法,结合中考真题解析易错点,体现复习系统性与针对性。 资料亮点在于“情境化考点突破”策略,如冠词部分设计“a/an辨析对比表”归纳易错词例,数词部分用“基数变序数口诀”强化记忆,培养学生语言运用能力与思维品质。配套分层练习含基础巩固、能力提升题,真题训练结合即时反馈,助力学生高效掌握考点,为教师把控复习节奏提供精准教学支持。

内容正文:

专题04 冠词与数词 目录 第一部分 冠词 1 第二部分 数词 2 考点一 不定冠词 3 考点二 定冠词 6 考点三 零冠词的用法 9 考点四 基数词的构成和用法 12 考点五 序数词的构成和用法 16 考点六 分数、倍数表达法 20 第一部分 冠词 主要考点 1. 不定冠词a/an和定冠词the的用法区别。 2. 不定冠词a/an用于表示类别的方法、定冠词表示特指、不用冠词习惯用法等。 3. 零冠词的用法,包括在某些专有名词、抽象名词、物质名词前不用冠词的情况。 课标要求 1. 掌握冠词的基本用法,包括不定冠词和定冠词的使用。 2. 能够在具体的语境中正确使用冠词,包括不定冠词a/an和定冠词the。 考查重点 1. 单项选择题中考查不定冠词a/an和定冠词the的用法区别。 2. 考查冠词与名词的搭配,如特指与泛指的区别、固定搭配中的冠词使用。 3. 考查冠词在特定结构中的使用,如“the + 比较级”表示“越……越……”的结构。 命题预测 对于冠词的考查,往往集中于a、an的用法区别,定冠词的用法,不用冠词的情况,习惯用语中冠词的用法等几个方面。考查形式会在完形填空、语法填空等类型的题目中出现。在学习过程中,不但要掌握不同类型的冠词的用法,还要注意习惯搭配中的冠词的使用情况。 第二部分 数词 主要考点 1. 基数词和序数词的构成和基本用法 2. 日期、时刻、年龄、编号等的表示法 3. 分数的表达法以及分数作主语时谓语的单复数形式 4. hundred、thousand、million和billion的用法 5. 数词在编号中的用法;带有数词的复合形容词中名词的数 课标要求 1. 掌握数词(含基数词、序数词)、月份、星期等 考查重点 1. 单项选择、单词拼写和语法填空中考查数词 2. 考查数词的词形与用法 3. 考查数词在具体语境中的运用 命题预测 数词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看,一般有完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2~4分。从命题意图看,侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用数词的能力。 考点一 不定冠词 1. 不定冠词的基本用法 ①不定冠词a/an表示“某一个”,相当于some/a certain,意为“一个”,或首次提到的泛指的人或事物。 A young man wants to see you.有个年轻人想见你。 ②用在某些物质名词前,表示“一阵、一份、一类、一场”等。 Green tea is a wonderful tea.绿茶是一种很好的茶。 What a heavy rain!多大的一场雨啊! ③表示一类人或物,指同类中的任何一个。 A dog is a faithful animal.狗是忠诚的动物。 =Dogs are faithful animals. ④用在表示数量、长度、时间、重量等的计数单位的名词前,表示“每一”相当于every, each, per等。 The car moves 100 miles an hour. 这辆小汽车以每小时100英里的速度行驶。 ⑤用在序数词前,强调在原有基础上“又,再”。“a/an+序数词”不表示排序,表示“又一,再一”; When I sat down, a fifth man rose to speak.我坐下后,第五个人又起来发言。 I want a second cup of coffee.我想再要一杯咖啡。(暗含已经喝了一杯。) ⑥另外,不定冠词a用于“most+形容词原级”之前无比较含义,表示程度,意为“很,非常”。 He is a most wise man.他是一个非常英明的人。 This is a most troublesome case.这是一个很麻烦的案子。 ⑦用在of之后,表示属性,意思是“同样,一样”,相当于the same。 They are of an age.他们一样大。 The two rooms are of a size.这两个房间一样大。 ⑧抽象名词具体化的情况下,不定冠词a/an用于抽象名词前,常考的具体化的抽象名词有success,failure,surprise,pleasure,beauty,pity,danger,comfort,honour等。 Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.在艰苦的时期,能够买得起一杯饮料都会是一件令人感到欣慰的事。 ⑨用在某些表示情绪的抽象名词前,表示“一种,一类”等。 It’s a pleasure to meet you here.在这儿见到你是一件很高兴的事。 It’s an honor to be invited to the party.很荣幸应邀参加晚会。 2.不定冠词a/an易错点 【易错点1】 以辅音音素开头的单词前使用a,以元音音素开头的单词前使用an。但要注意以下两种情况: 1. 有些单词开头的辅音字母并不发音,即该单词的读音实际上是以元音音素开头的,要使用an,如:hour, honest, honor等。 an hour,an honest man。 2. 有些单词以元音字母开头,但该单词的读音实际上是以辅音音素开头,要使用a,如:useful, usual, united, European, one-eyed, one-way等。 a university, a European country, 【易错点2】 不定冠词在句中的位置:such a/an+单数可数名词;quite a/an+单数可数名词;rather a/an+单数可数名词。如果修饰名词的形容词前有so, as, too, how等副词,则不定冠词一般放在形容词和名词之间。 He is as clever a boy as Tom.他是一个像汤姆一样聪明的男孩。 It is too difficult a book for beginners.这本书对初学者来说太难了。 3.常见的易混用不定冠词a和an的情况 易混类别 示例 Aa an actor, an apple, an artist, an amazing singer, an American writer, an astronaut Ee an egg, an eight-year-old girl, an exciting job, an eleven-year-old girl 【易错】a European country i an idea, an interesting story, an important part o an old man, an orange one, an outgoing girl 【易错】a one-month holiday Uu an umbrella, an unusual experience, an unhappy girl, an ugly man 【易错】a UFO, a unit, a university, a useless/useful suggestion, a usual trip 英文字母前 26个英文字母中,前面用an的有:a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x(口诀助记:Mr. Li has one fox) 特别记 an honest boy, an hour, an honor, a hero 4.不定冠词常考固定搭配 不定冠词的常用固定搭配 at a loss困惑,不知所措 as a result因此 as a rule通常,照例 as a matter of fact事实上 after a while一会儿后 at a distance离一段距离,从远处 all of a sudden突然 a waste of ... ……的浪费 a matter of ... ……的问题 a collection of一批…… a knowledge of (=know)知道 an understanding of (=understand)懂得 a great many许多 at a time每次 as a whole总的来说 after a while一会儿之后 have a good time玩得高兴 have a holiday度假 have a cold患感冒 have/take a rest休息一下 have a gift for有……的天赋 in a hurry匆忙地 in a word总之 on a diet节食 in a moment立刻 in a sense在某种意义上 have a population of有……人口 for a while暂时,一时 go on a diet节食 have a history of有……的历史 get a lift/ride搭便车 make/earn a living谋生 once in a while偶尔 once upon a time从前 make an effort 努力 make an apology道歉 have a good time过得愉快 have a word with...与......交谈 take an interest in...对......感兴趣 1.—It’s reported that there will be ________ highway from Panzhihua to Yibin. —Wow, what ________ great news for us! A.a; a B.the; a C.the; 不填 D.a; 不填 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——据报道,将有一条从攀枝花到宜宾的高速公路。——哇,对我们来说真是个好消息! 考查冠词用法和感叹句。根据“highway from Panzhihua to Yibin”可知,第一空是泛指一条高速公路,highway以辅音音素开头,要用不定冠词a;第二空位于感叹句结构中,中心词news是不可数名词,在感叹句中不加冠词。故选D。 2.(2025·天津·中考真题)Mary usually rides ________ bike to school. Sometimes she also goes by ________ bus. A.a; 不填 B.不填; a C.the; a D.a; a 【答案】A 【详解】句意:玛丽通常骑自行车上学,有时她也乘公交车。 考查冠词。ride a bike“骑自行车”,故第一空填a,表示骑一辆自行车,泛指她的交通工具;by bus“乘坐公交车”,故第二空不填,此处by bus是固定搭配,表示交通方式时不用冠词。故选A。 3.I have _________ European pen friend, and he likes playing _________ guitar. A.an; / B.an; the C.a; \ D.a; the 【答案】D 【详解】句意:我有一个欧洲笔友,他喜欢弹吉他。 考查冠词的用法。根据“I have ... European pen friend”可知,第一空泛指“一个”欧洲笔友,European以辅音音素开头,不定冠词用a;根据“he likes playing ... guitar.”可知,乐器名词前要用定冠词the,play the guitar“弹吉他”。故选D。 4.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)I want to be _______ scientist like Qian Xuesen when I grow up. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我长大后想成为像钱学森一样的科学家。 考查冠词的用法。此处泛指一位科学家,“scientist”首字母发辅音音素,故选A。 5.(2024·天津·中考真题)My grandma has got ________ garden. And ________ flowers in it are beautiful. A.a; the B.an; the C.不填; 不填 D.an; 不填 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我奶奶有一个花园。里面的花很漂亮。 考查冠词的用法。第一处泛指一个花园,“garden”首字母发辅音音素,用a;第二处特指花园里的花,用定冠词the。故选A。 考点二 定冠词 1.定冠词的基本用法和易错点 ①表示特指的人或物或者双方都知道的或心中都明白的人或物,或指上文已提到过的人或事物。 The dictionary on the desk is mine 书桌上的那本字典是我的。 ②用在世界上独一无二的名词前。 The sun is shining brightly.太阳明亮地照耀着。 Explore the surface of the moon.探索月球的表面。 【易错点】 1.有些事物虽然也是独一无二的,但表达特定意义时习惯上却不用冠词。如:space太空,nature自然,man人类等。但若space表“空间”,nature表“特点”,man特指“个人”时,则可加冠词。对比: Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. 太空旅行是如此令人愉快,但同时又存在无形的危险。 2.独一无二的词如moon,sky,world等被形容词或介词短语修饰时,也可用不定冠词a/an。对比: in the world在世界上; the Mars火星; a full moon一轮圆月; a world of water一个水的世界; ③表示具体的地点、方位、时间或某天的一部分的名词前。 on the left/right在左边/右边 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起,从西方落下。 We play football in the afternoon. 我们下午踢足球。 ④用于形容词或分词前,表示一类人或物。 the rich富人;the homeless.无家可归者;the wounded伤员; The impossible is often the untried. 不可能的事往往是未尝试过的事。 The wounded were taken good care of in the hospital.伤员在医院得到了很好的照顾。 ⑤用在在序数词和最高级前面。 Is this the first time you have visited Qingdao?这是你第一次游览青岛吗? The greatest talkers are always the least doers.言语的巨人往往是行动的矮子。 As is known to all,the People's Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world. 众所周知,中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。 【易错点】 1.定冠词the可以用于二者之中的比较级前表示最高级的含义。 Jim is the thinner of the two boys.吉姆是两个男孩中比较瘦的那个。 2.形容词only, very, same修饰名词时前面用定冠词the。 He is the very boy that I have been looking for.他就是我一直在寻找的那个男孩。 ⑥用于表示姓氏的复数名词前,表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩”。 The Browns are waiting for you outside.布朗一家在外面等你。 The Smiths went on an around­the­world trip.史密斯一家去环球旅行了。 ⑦演奏的西洋乐器前一定要加定冠词。 He often plays the piano after finishing his homework.他常常写完作业后弹钢琴。 【易错点】 1.如果只是提到这种乐器,而不是演奏,则不一定用定冠词。 He bought a piano for his daughter.他为女儿买了一架钢琴。 2.用汉语拼音表示的乐器前不用冠词。 Play erhu拉二胡 play pipa弹琵琶 ⑧用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。 It is said that corn was grown a lot in Tibet in the 17th century. 据说在十七世纪的时候玉米在西藏大量种植。 ⑨用在表示计量的名词前,(如:by the hour, by the day, by the dozen, by the yard等)表示“以......计算” He pays the rent by the month.他按月付房租。 He gets paid by the week.他的工资也将按周支付。 ⑩“动词(如hit/strike/pull/take/seize)+sb+介词+the+身体某一部位”结构中,用the而不用物主代词。 hit sb.on the head 打某人的头 strike sb.in the face 打某人的脸 The police caught the thief by the arm.警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。 ⑪用在句型“the +比较级..., the+比较级...”中,表示“越......就越......”。 The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越小心,出的错就越少。 ⑫用于由普通名词构成的专有名词以及表示江、河、湖、海、洋、山、岛、国家、党派、杂志、机构、条约等的专有名词前。 The Warsaw Treaty华沙条约; the Taiwan Strait台湾海峡; the Senate参议院; the Atlantic大西洋; The Thames泰晤士河; the Middle East中东; The Security Council安理会; 【易错点】 节日前不用冠词,但我国的传统节日前用定冠词。 The Spring Festival春节; the Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节; 2.定冠词常考固定搭配 定冠词the的常用固定搭配 at the same time同时 at the moment此刻 all the year round一年到头 all the time一直 at the age of...在...岁时 at the beginning/end of...在...结束时 by the way顺便问一下 go to the cinema去看电影 go to the doctor's去看医生 for the time being暂时 in the daytime在白天 in the end最后,终于 for the first time第一次 in the habit of习惯于 in the distance在远处 in the way挡路 on the whole总的来说 make the most/best of充分利用 on the right/left在右/左面 the other day前几天 on the radio/phone通过无线电/电话 to tell (you) the truth说实话 in the form of...以......的形式 on the spot在场;到场;立即;马上; with the help of...在......的帮助下 the next day第二天 not in the least (=not at all)一点也不 on the way to...在去......的路上 on the eve of...在......的前夕 in the habit of...有......的习惯 on the other hand...另一方面…… on the whole总的来说 to the point中肯,切题 for the first time第一次 1.(2024·四川·中考真题)Can you lend me ________ book that you bought yesterday? A.an B.the C.a D.不填 【答案】B 【详解】句意:你能把你昨天买的书借给我吗? 考查冠词。根据“book that you bought yesterday”可知此处特指昨天买的书,用定冠词the。故选B。 2.(2023·上海·中考真题)We Chinese have the tradition of respecting ______ old. A.the B./ C.an D.a 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我们中国人有尊老的传统。 考查冠词。此处是指尊敬老人,应用the+形容词,表示“一类人”。the old“老人”,故选A。 3.(2023·江苏镇江·中考真题)It is said that Panda Ya Ya will live ________ rest of her life in her hometown, China. A.a B.an C.the D.不填 【答案】C 【详解】句意:据说熊猫丫丫将在她的家乡中国度过余生。 考查冠词用法。live the rest of one’s life“度过余生”,固定搭配。故选C。 4.(2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题)—Betty began to play ________ violin at the age of four. —No wonder she plays so well. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——贝蒂四岁开始拉小提琴。——怪不得她拉得这么好。 考查冠词。a不定冠词,表泛指,后接以辅音音素开头的单词;an不定冠词,表泛指,后接以元音音素开头的单词;the定冠词;/零冠词。violin是乐器,乐器前应加定冠词the。play the violin“拉小提琴”。故选C。 5.—Tony, what’s ________ matter with you? —I have ________ toothache. A.a; the B.the; a C./; the D.the; / 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——托尼,你怎么了?——我牙痛。 考查冠词用法。第一句是固定句式what’s the matter“怎么了”;第二句是固定短语have a toothache“牙痛”。故选B。 考点三 零冠词的用法 1.零冠词基本用法和易错点 用法 示例 表示泛指意义的物质名词、抽象名词前 Money can’t buy you happiness. 在一日三餐、球类运动、语言、棋类、学科等名词前(2015.21) have supper;play football;play chess;learn English 不可数名词、复数名词前(泛指某类人或事物时) Children like animals. 在星期、月份、季节、西方节日前 (注意:我国含有“Festival”的传统节日前,要加定冠词the,如the Mid-Autumn Festival) on Friday;in March;in spring;Mother’s Day 在称呼语、职位、头衔等名词前 We made him manager of the company. 人名、地名、街道名、城市名、州、省、机场以及大多数大学、公园等专有名词前 Beijing Street;Baiyun Airport 名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, any, every, each等限定词修饰时 My pen is much more expensive than yours. 与by连用的交通工具名词前 by train, by bus 【易错点】 抽象名词表示具体事物时,变为可数名词,可被a/an修饰,也可以有复数形式。 抽象名词 抽象名词具体化 beauty美 a beauty 美丽的人或事物 success成功 a success 成功的人或事 failure失败 a failure 失败的人或事 comfort安慰,舒适 a comfort 令人感到安慰的人或事 danger危险 a danger一个危险分子 surprise吃惊 a surprise 令人感到惊讶的人或事 pleasure开心 a pleasure 令人感到高兴的人或事 wonder奇迹 a wonder 令人感到惊奇的人或事/奇迹 shock震惊,休克 a shock 令人感到震惊的人或事 honour荣誉,荣耀 an honour 令人感到荣耀的人或事 worry烦恼 a worry 令人感到烦恼的人或事 2.零冠词常考固定搭配 不定冠词a/an表示“某一个”,相当于 at risk 有危险 ahead of time 提前 in advance 提前 by mistake 错误地,无意地 by chance/accident 碰巧地 lose heart 灰心 catch fire 着火 at last最终 for example 例如 in debt 负债 in place 在恰当的位置 after school放学后 give way to 给……让路 in danger 处于危险之中 in order有序 take part in 参加 out of control 失控 set fire to放火 out of work 失业 face to face 面对面地 under repair 处于维修中 on time按时 day and night 夜以继日地 heart and soul 全心全意地 take care of照顾 take pride in...以......为自豪 in time及时 with pleasure高兴地 come into power/effect开始执政/生效 take office就职 do harm to...对......有害 from morning till night 从早到晚 on purpose 故意地 in condition状况良好 at dawn/noon/dusk在黎明/正午/黄昏 in advance预先 3.固定搭配中有无冠词区别 by day在白天 by the day按日计算 go to class/hospital/school上课/住院/上学 go to the class/hospital/school到课堂/医院/学校 in the front of在......的前面(在参照物里) in front of在......的前面(和参照物不相连) in case of以防,万一 in the case of就某人或某事而言 in bed/church/prison/town睡觉/作礼拜/进监狱 in the bed/church/prison/town在床上/在教堂/在监狱里 in future今后 in the future将来 in sight of看见 in the sight of据......的见解 in place of代替 in the place of在......的地方 in charge of主管,负责 in the charge of在......的看管之下 in possession of拥有 in the possession of...被......所拥有 out of the question不可能 out of question毫无疑问 sit at table吃饭 sit at the table在桌旁 take advice征求意见 take the advice听从建议 take place发生 take the place of代替 1.(2023·江苏淮安·中考真题)I usually have ________ lunch with my classmates at school. A./ B.a C.an D.the 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我通常在学校和同学们一起吃午饭。 考查冠词。表示一日三餐前不加冠词,have lunch“吃午饭”。故选A。 2.My father likes sports. He is good at playing ________ soccer. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】D 【详解】句意:我爸爸喜欢运动。他擅长踢足球。 考查冠词用法。球类运动前不加冠词。故选D。 3.(2023·江苏扬州·中考真题)Yangzhou is ________ city full of ________ history, culture and mouthwatering food. A.the; a B.a; a C.the; the D.a; / 【答案】D 【详解】句意:扬州是一座充满历史、文化和令人垂涎的美食的城市。 考查冠词。第一个空泛指“一个城市”,city以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a,排除AC;根据“full of...history, culture...”可知此处指充满历史、文化等的城市,此处history是不可数名词,排除B。故选D。 4.China’s panda Ya Ya finished ________ 30-day stay in Shanghai after landing in China and then was sent to Beijing Zoo in ________ May. A.a; a B.a; the C.the; a D.a; / 【答案】D 【详解】句意:中国熊猫丫丫在抵达中国后,在上海待了30天,然后于5月被送往北京动物园。 考查冠词。“...30-day stay”泛指“一段30天的停留”,30-day以辅音音素开头,此空应用不定冠词a;May是月份,它的前面不用冠词。故选D。 5.(2022·江苏宿迁·中考真题)My brother often plays ________ football with his classmates after school. A.a B.an C./ D.the 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我哥哥经常放学后和他的同学踢足球。 考查冠词辨析。a不定冠词,常用在辅音音素开头的单词前;an不定冠词,常用在元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词。球类运动前不加任何冠词,play football“踢足球”,故选C。 考点四 基数词的构成和用法 1. 基数词的构成 (1)0—12单独记。如: zero, one, two, three等。 (2)13—19的词尾都是teen。如:fourteen, seventeen等,但13—thirteen,15—fifteen,18—eighteen需要特殊记。 (3)20以上的整十的基数词均以ty结尾。 20—twenty,30—thirty,40—forty,50—fifty,80—eighty等。 (4)"几十几"要加连字符号"-"。 48—forty-eight, 97—ninety-seven等。 (5)"几百几十"或者"几百几十几"在"百"后加and。 156—one hundred and fifty-six, 509—five hundred and nine。 (6)四位数或者四位数以上的基数词的拼写规律:用逗号从右往左每三位加一个逗号,第一个逗号读作thousand(千),第二个逗号读作million(百万),第三个逗号读作billion(十亿),hundred后莫忘"and"。 3,610=three thousand six hundred and ten; 94,295=ninety-four thousand two hundred and ninety-five; 2. 基数词的用法: ① 表示确切数字时,基数词hundred, thousand, dozen(12)等,只用单数形式,不能加“s” 如:five thousand six hundred teachers 5600名教师 ② 在表示某些概数的习语中,如“成百上千”等,基数词要加“s” 如:thousands of people 成千上万的人表示人的不确切岁数或年代, 用“几十”的复数形式表示 如:in his twenties 在他二十多岁时 in the 1980’s / 1980s 在20世纪80年代 ③ 可以用来表示时间 如:5:00 five / five o’clock 4:25 four twenty-five 7:20 twenty past seven 11:15 a quarter past eleven 5:55 five to six 9:31 twenty-nine to ten“基数词 + 名词 + ......”构成复合形容词作定语 如:He is a ten-year-old boy. It a five-minute walk from the library to the playground. ④ 可以用来表示年代 如:1980年 nineteen eighty ⑤ 可以用来表示年龄 如:He is ten years old. ⑥ 可以用来表示事物编号 如:No. Ten Middle School 第十中学 308 Nanjing Road 南京路308号 Room 209 房间209 Section 3 / Part 3 第三部分 ⑥ 可以用于倍数表达,”基数词 + times“ 表示“...是...几倍” 如:This room is three times as big as that one. This room is three times bigger than that one. This room is threetimes the size of that one. ⑦ 可以用于百分数表达。百分数由“基数词+百分号(%)”构成 如:30% = thirty percent 65% = sixty - five percent 1.The weather in Kunming is so comfortable and I have been there ________ times. If possible, I still want to go there a ________ time. A.three; fourth B.third; fourth C.three; four D.third; four 【答案】A 【详解】句意:昆明的天气非常舒适,我已经去过那里三次。如果可能的话,我还想再去第四次。 考查数词。three三,基数词;third第三,序数词;four四,基数词;fourth第四,序数词。第一空后是复数名词times,需要用基数词,排除BD;第二空后是单数名词time,需要用序数词,排除C。故选A。 2.My old grandfather is in his ________, but he can still do some gardening and look after himself well. A.nineteen B.ninety C.ninetieth D.nineties 【答案】D 【详解】句意:我的老爷爷九十多岁了,但他仍然能做些园艺并照顾好自己。 考查年龄表达法。nineteen十九;ninety九十;ninetieth第九十;nineties九十几。表示“某人几十多岁”用“in one’s + 整十基数词的复数形式”。故选D。 3.(2023·上海·中考真题)The village is really beautiful. We’ve decided to stay for ________ two days. A.others B.the others C.the other D.another 【答案】D 【详解】句意:这个村庄真的很漂亮。我们决定再待两天。 考查代词辨析。others其他的人或物;the others其他人或物(两部分中);the other两者中的另一个;another另一个(三者及以上)。根据“two days”可知此处指再待两天,用结构another+数词+名词复数“再几个……”。故选D。 4.________ visitors came to take photos of Hongyadong during the vacation. A.Thousand B.Thousand of C.Thousands D.Thousands of 【答案】D 【详解】句意:假期期间,成千上万的游客来到洪崖洞拍照。 考查数词的表达。表示具体的数量,用基数词+数词的单数形式,表示概数,用数词的复数形式+of。此处表示概数,此空应填Thousands of,故选D。 5.(2023·山东·中考真题)The number of the fans going to this concert is about three ________. And ________ of them are girls. A.thousand; two third B.thousands; two third C.thousand; two thirds D.thousands; two thirds 【答案】C 【详解】句意:去听这场音乐会的歌迷大约有三千人,其中三分之二是女孩。 考查thousand和分数的表达。thousand被具体的基数词修饰时,用单数形式,且不与of连用,表示具体的数词,空前有three,所以第一空填thousand;分数的表达:分子(基数词)/分母(序数词),当分子大于1时,分母中的序数词要变为复数,所以三分之二则表达为“two thirds”,故选C。 考点五 序数词的构成和用法 1. 基数词与序数词的转化 first 1st second 2nd third 3rd fourth 4th fifth 5th sixth 6th seventh 7th eighth 8th ninth 9th tenth 10th eleventh 11th twelfth 12th thirteenth 13th fourteenth 14th fifteenth 15th sixteenth 16th seventeenth 17th eighteenth 18th nineteenth 19th twentieth 20th twenty-first 21st twenty-second 22nd thirtieth 30th fortieth 40th fiftieth 50th sixtieth 60th seventieth 70th eightieth 80th ninetieth 90th hundredth 100th one hundred and first 101st (1)"第一"、"第二"、"第三"分别是first, second, third。 (2)"第四"到"第十九"除了fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth是特殊的拼写外,其余的都在相应基数词后面加 "th"构成。如:fourth。 (3)20以上的整十的序数词由相应的基数词变y为i,再加"-eth"。如:thirty→thirtieth; fifty→fiftieth。 (4)第一百hundredth; 第一千thousandth; 第一百万millionth。 (5)20以上的非整十的基数词变序数词时,只变化个位数。如:twenty-one→twenty-first; one hundred and one→one hundred and first。 基数词变序数词记忆口诀 基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th。 一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d。 八去t,九除e,ve要用f替,ty将y变成i,th前面有个e。 若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。 整十基数变序数,先把ty变成tie,要是遇上两位数,十位基数,个位序,th最后加上去。 2. 序数词的用法 ① 序数词的前面一般要用定冠词the表示”第几“的意思 如:You are the second one to know the way. 你是第二个知道方法的人 当序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰,序数词前不用the This is my third question. / Betty is Linda’s first good friend. 这是我的第三个问题 贝蒂是琳达第一个好朋友 We’ll read it a second time. 我们将再读一遍 当表示”又一,再一“时,序数词前不用the,但可加不定冠词a / an ② 可以用于年、月、日的表达;年、月用基数词,日用序数词 如:May the first / the first of May 5月1日 August the eighth / the eighth of August 8月1日 March 18th, 1978 1978年3月18日 ③ 可以用于分数的表达; 分子是基数词,分母是序数词;当分子大于1时,分母用复数形式 如: two fifths one third six sevenths 注意:1/2通常读作 a (one) half 1/4可读作 a (one) fourth或a (one) quarter ④ 表示编号的时候,经常把基数词放在名词的前面表示顺序 相当于 the+序数词+ 名词,也可以用 “ 名词 + 基数词 ” 如:Lesson Five=the fifth lesson 第五课 ⑤ 可以用于倍数表达,”基数词 + times“ 表示“...是...几倍” 如:This room is two times as big as that one. = twice / double = twice / double This room is two times bigger than that one. This room is two times the size of that one.= twice / double 1.—________ of the students in our class have passed the exam. —Oh, that means 20% of them should work harder. A.One fifth B.Four five C.Four fifths D.One five 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——我们班五分之四的学生通过了考试。——哦,那意味着他们中的20%应该更加努力。 考查分数表达。One fifth五分之一;Four five四五;Four fifths五分之四;One five一五。根据“20% of them should work harder”可知,有20%的学生没通过考试,即五分之一的学生没通过考试,那么通过考试的人数占五分之四。Four fifths表示五分之四。故选C。 2.I am _____ child in my family. I have an elder brother and a younger sister. A.one B.the first C.the second D.the third 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我是家里的第二个孩子。我有一个哥哥和一个妹妹。 考查序数词。one一;the first第一;the second第二;the third第三。根据“I have an elder brother and a younger sister.”可知,“我”有一个哥哥和一个妹妹,所以“我”是家里的第二个孩子。故选C。 3.—China Shanghai International Children’s Book Fair has been held nine times. —Yes. The ________ fair was held from December 2 to 4, 2022. A.nine B.ninth C.nineteenth D.ninety 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——中国上海国际儿童图书博览会已经举办了九届。——是的。第九届进博会于2022年12月2日至4日举行。 考查序数词。nine九;ninth第九;nineteenth第十九;ninety九十。根据“has been held nine times.”以及“The...fair was held...”可知博览会已经举办了九届,此处指第九届,用序数词。故选B。 4.It is the ________ time for him to take part in this kind of game. A.one B.two C.three D.third 【答案】D 【详解】句意:这是他第三次参加这种比赛了。 考查序数词表示顺序。one一;two二;three三;third第三。根据“the…time”可知此处应用序数词third表示顺序,the third time意为“第三次”。故选D。 5.—It is Mom’s __________ birthday next Wednesday. What should we do? —What about buying her __________ flowers to show our love? A.forty; forty B.forty; fortieth C.fortieth; forty D.fortieth; fortieth 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——下周三是妈妈四十岁生日。我们该怎么办?——给她买四十朵花来表达我们的爱怎么样? 考查基数词和序数词。第一空是指生日,应用序数词;第二空是表示40朵花,应用基数词,故选C。 考点六 分数、倍数表达法 1. 分数表达法 分数是由基数词作分子,序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是"1"的情况外,序数词都要用复数。 ►1/3 one third 7/9 seven ninths 【注意】 · 一些特殊的分数表达法: a half 二分之一 a quarter =one fourth 四分之一 three quarters=three fourth 四分之三 · 带分数的词组作句子的主语时,谓语动词的单复数与分数后的名词保持一致。 Two fifths of the apple is eaten.这个苹果被吃了五分之二。 Two fifths of the apples are red.五分之二的苹果是红的。 · quarter,half 和 percent 的用法 四分之一通常用 a/one quarter 来表示;四分之三通常用three quarters 来表示;二分之一通常用a/one half 来表示;百分之几通常用“基数词+percent”来表示,如:30% 可以表达为“30 percent”。 2. 倍数表达法 表示倍数时通常借助half, double, twice, three/four...+ times等之类的词: Half (of) the apples are bad. 一半苹果是坏的。 He eats twice what I eat. 他的食量是我的两倍。 1. 倍数+as +形容词/副词(原级)+ as。 My income is twice as much as yours.我的收入是你的2倍。 2. 倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than。 The room is 4 times larger than that one.这间房比那间大两倍。 3. 倍数+ the size/length/weight…+of+表示比较对象的名词。 My house is twice the size of his.我的房子是他的两倍大。 4.倍数+what引导的从句。 The college is twice what it was 5 years ago.这所大学是它五年前的两倍。 1.—________ of the city ________ covered with parks and gardens. —Wow, it’s really a green city. A.Three fifth; is B.Three fifths; is C.Three fifths; are D.Three fifths; are 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——五分之三的城市被公园和花园所覆盖。——哇,它真的是一个绿色的城市。 考查分数和主谓一致。分数表达是:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,如果分子大于1,分母要加s,所以五分之三的正确表达为:three fifths。另外注意分数修饰名词时,谓语动词由分数修饰的名词决定单复数,题干中“city”为单数,故用单数is。故选B。 2.Tom was angry because Jerry ate ________ of his nine apples secretly. Now he had only three left. A.a quarter B.one third C.a half D.two thirds 【答案】D 【详解】句意:汤姆很生气,因为杰里偷偷地吃了他九个苹果中的三分之二。现在他只剩下三个了。 考查数词运算。a quarter四分之一;one third三分之一;a half二分之一;two thirds三分之二。根据“his nine apples”及“only three left”可知,总共9个苹果,还剩3个,也就是吃了6个,占总数的三分之二,故选D。 3.—Susan, how many women teachers are there in your school? —In our school, _______of the teachers _______ women teachers. A.third fourth; are B.third fourth; is C.three fourths; is D.three fourths; are 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——苏珊,你们学校有多少女老师?——在我们学校,四分之三的教师是女教师。 考查分数表达法及其用法。在英语中,分数的表达方法是:基数词(分子)+序数词(分母),分子超过1时,分母加s,故排除A、B项;含有分数主语的谓语动词形式,由of后面的名词决定,句中of后的名词teachers是复数形式,故谓语动词应用复数形式are。故选D。 4.—How many students in your class get to school on foot? —About ________ of them do. A.three fifths B.two third C.first four D.one seconds 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——你们班有多少学生步行到学校?——大约五分之三。 考查分数表达。英语中表达分数时,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,所以排除选项C;分子如是1以上,分母须用复数形式,排除选项B和D。故选A。 5.About ________ of the students in Kaili ________ to school by bus. A.two fifth;go B.two fifths;go C.two fifth;goes D.two fifths;goes 【答案】B 【详解】句意:凯里大约五分之二的学生坐公共汽车上学。 考查分数的表达和主谓一致。“五分之二”的英文表达方式为two fifths,故A、C选项可排除。分数构成的主语,谓语动词与of后的名词一致,students是复数名词,故谓语go应用原形go,故选B。 一、单词拼写 1.(2025·江苏淮安·中考真题)Mr Wu is my new neighbour. He lives on the (six) floor. 【答案】sixth 【详解】句意:吴先生是我的新邻居。他住在六楼。根据“Mr Wu is my new neighbour. He lives on the ... (six) floor.”可知,此处表示居住在“第六”层楼,需要用序数词。six的序数词形式是sixth。故填sixth。 2.(2025·江苏扬州·三模)Bananas are the biggest crop in the world. (four) 【答案】fourth 【详解】句意:香蕉是世界上(产量)第四大的作物。根据“the”和“biggest”可知,空格处应使用序数词,表示“第……”,four的序数词为fourth。故填fourth。 3.(2023·江苏南京·中考真题)Last weekend, (hundred) of students joined in the reading activity at the foot of the ancient Ming City Wall. 【答案】hundreds 【详解】句意:上周末,数百名学生参加了在明古城墙脚下的阅读活动。根据“Last weekend, ...(hundred) of students”可知,此处是hundreds of“数百”,固定用法,故填hundreds。 4.(2023·上海·中考真题)There were various activities at the China Folk Craft Fair. (eight) 【答案】eighth 【详解】句意:第八届中国民间工艺博览会上有各种各样的活动。此处指“第八届中国民间工艺博览会”,表示顺序用序数词eighth“第八”。故填eighth。 5.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)I live on the (ten) floor. I can enjoy beautiful views of the city. 【答案】tenth 【详解】句意:我住在十楼。我可以欣赏到城市的美丽景色。根据“the...floor”可知此处指十楼,表示顺序用序数词tenth“第十”。故填tenth。 6.(2022·江苏南京·中考真题)Nanjing Museum is the (one) modern museum and remains as one of the leading museum in China. 【答案】first 【详解】句意:南京博物馆是中国第一座现代博物馆,至今仍是中国主要的博物馆之一。one是数词,根据“the...modern museum”可知,此处用序数词表示顺序,即:第一座现代化博物馆,one的序数词是first。故填first。 7.(2025·上海杨浦·三模)This year he won the national championship again—for the time. (four) 【答案】fourth 【详解】句意:今年他再次赢得了全国冠军——这是他第四次赢得冠军。根据“for the...time”可知,横线处需填序数词,表示“第几次”。four“四”,是基数词,其序数词形式为fourth。for the fourth time“第四次”。故填fourth。 8.(2025·江苏扬州·三模)With the help of AI, two of the time will be saved when dealing with such problems. (three) 【答案】 thirds 【详解】句意:在人工智能的帮助下,我们处理此类问题时将节省三分之二的时间。考查分数表达。分数表达规则:分子用基数词,分母用序数词;当分子>1时,分母要加s,所以三分之二表示为“two thirds”。故填thirds。 9.(2025·江苏扬州·三模)So far, five of the visitors have visited Yangzhou Grand Canal Musuem. (twelve) 【答案】twelfths 【详解】句意:到目前为止,十二分之五的游客已经参观过扬州大运河博物馆。根据“five...of the visitors”可知,此处表示分数。英语中分数的表达规则为:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1时,分母用复数形式。“十二”的基数词为twelve,其对应的序数词为twelfth,分子是five(大于1),所以分母要用复数形式twelfths。故填twelfths。 10.(2025·上海虹口·三模)The question in the quiz was about the history of space exploration. (four) 【答案】fourth 【详解】句意:测验的第四个问题是关于太空探索的历史。此处指“第四个问题”,表示顺序用序数词fourth“第四”。故填fourth。 二、语法填空 1. (2023·浙江丽水·中考真题)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Kendall Rae Johnson spends a lot of time playing in the dirt. She has 1 huge garden that produces over 100 pounds of food each year! Kendall Rae 2 (begin) gardening at age three, when her great-grandmother gave her some fresh collard greens. Kendall Rae says, “Grandma Kate told 3 (I), ‘Don’t throw away the stems, because if you put them in the ground, they will grow back.’” She tried it and the stems 4 (real) grew new leaves. Soon after, her parents put in a backyard garden. 5 her friends came to their house, Kendall Rae enjoyed sharing what she knew about farming. She says, “My friends would help me water 6 care for the plants. They started to enjoy farming, too.” At age six, she became the youngest certified farmer 7 her hometown. Today, her garden has grown to include sixty plant beds and twelve 8 (tree)! When the vegetables and fruits are ripe(成熟), Kendall Rae sells some of them 9 (make) money. She also invites people who don’t have enough food to take what they need. “If 10 (many) kids join us, our community will surely become better,” says Kendall Rae. “Growing food takes a lot of work, but together we can do it.” 【答案】 1.а 2.began 3.me 4.really 5.When 6.and 7.in 8.trees 9.to make 10.more 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文,介绍喜欢种植的肯德尔·雷·约翰逊。 1.句意:她有一个巨大的花园,每年生产超过100磅的食物!此处泛指一个花园,huge首字母发辅音音素,故填а。 2.句意:肯德尔·雷三岁时开始园艺,当时她的曾祖母给了她一些新鲜的羽衣甘蓝。根据“at age three”可知,是一般过去时,动词用过去式,故填began。 3.句意:肯德尔·雷说:“凯特奶奶告诉我,‘不要扔掉茎,因为如果你把它们埋在地里,它们会重新长出来的。’”此处在动词后作宾语,用宾格,故填me。 4.句意:她试了试,茎真的长出了新叶。此处在句中修饰动词,用副词形式,故填really。 5.句意:当朋友们来她家做客时,肯德尔·雷喜欢分享她对农业的了解。根据“...her friends came to their house, Kendall Rae enjoyed sharing what she knew about farming.”可知,当朋友们来做客时,肯德尔·雷会分享对农业的了解,用when引导时间状语从句。故填When。 6.句意:我的朋友会帮我浇水和照顾植物。前后构成并列关系,用and连接,故填and。 7.句意:六岁时,她成为了家乡最年轻的持证农民。in her hometown“在她的家乡”,故填in。 8.句意:今天,她的花园已经发展到包括60个植物床和12棵树!twelve修饰可数名词复数,故填trees。 9.句意:当蔬菜和水果成熟时,肯德尔·雷会卖掉一些来赚钱。此处在句中表示目的,用动词不定式形式,故填to make。 10.句意:如果有更多的孩子加入我们,我们的社区肯定会变得更好。根据“our community will surely become better”可知,此处应使用比较级,more“更多”符合语境,故填more。 2. (2023·浙江台州·中考真题)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 You don’t need to wait until you’re an adult to take part in community service. You can develop good habits now. Community service is a great way to make 11 difference in your neighborhood. You also can enjoy 12 (spend) time with friends and meeting new people. Here are some ideas for you to start 13 (quick). Do you play an instrument or love to draw? Offer to give free concerts at a senior center or spread your love of art by giving 14 (lesson) to younger children. You can never imagine 15 happy you will be after that. Do you live near a public park? You can volunteer 16 (plant) or clean up the park. You’ll bring pleasure 17 everyone who uses the park. Do you know any sick or disabled people in your neighborhood? Offer to do yard work for 18 (they). Sweep the floor and 19 (do) the dishes. Or just stop by for a friendly visit with some food. Does your school encourage a buddy (伙伴) system? You can set up buddy systems which connect older children with 20 (young) ones. Buddies often spend time together reading books. Helping a young person grow into a smart reader is a gift that keeps on giving. 【答案】 11.a 12.spending 13.quickly 14.lessons 15.how 16.to plant 17.to/for 18.them 19.do 20.younger 【导语】本文主要介绍了如何快速开始社区服务。 11.句意:社区服务是一个很好的方式来改变你的社区。make a difference“有影响”。故填a。 12.句意:你还可以享受与朋友共度时光和结识新朋友的乐趣。enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”。故填spending。 13.句意:以下是一些快速开始的想法。修饰动词start用副词quickly“快速地”。故填quickly。 14.句意:在老年中心举办免费音乐会,或者通过给年幼的孩子上课来传播你对艺术的热爱。此处表泛指用名词复数lessons“课”。故填lessons。 15.句意:你永远无法想象在那之后你会有多幸福。根据“happy you will be”可知是多么开心,用how引导宾语从句。故填how。 16.句意:你可以自愿种植或打扫公园。plant“种植”,volunteer to do sth.“自愿做某事”。故填to plant。 17.句意:你会给每个使用公园的人带来快乐。bring sth. to/for sb.“给某人带来某物”。故填to/for。 18.句意:主动提出为他们做庭院工作。此处作介词for的宾语用代词宾格them“他们”。故填them。 19.句意:扫地洗碗。或者只是顺道拜访一下,带上一些食物。此处动词和sweep并列,故此处用动词原形。故填do。 20.句意:你可以建立好友系统,将年龄较大的孩子与年龄较小的孩子联系起来。根据“older children with...ones”可知是将较大的孩子和较年轻的孩子联系起来,用比较级younger“更年轻的”。故填younger。 21 / 21 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题04 冠词与数词 目录 第一部分 冠词 1 第二部分 数词 2 考点一 不定冠词 3 考点二 定冠词 6 考点三 零冠词的用法 9 考点四 基数词的构成和用法 12 考点五 序数词的构成和用法 14 考点六 分数、倍数表达法 16 第一部分 冠词 主要考点 1. 不定冠词a/an和定冠词the的用法区别。 2. 不定冠词a/an用于表示类别的方法、定冠词表示特指、不用冠词习惯用法等。 3. 零冠词的用法,包括在某些专有名词、抽象名词、物质名词前不用冠词的情况。 课标要求 1. 掌握冠词的基本用法,包括不定冠词和定冠词的使用。 2. 能够在具体的语境中正确使用冠词,包括不定冠词a/an和定冠词the。 考查重点 1. 单项选择题中考查不定冠词a/an和定冠词the的用法区别。 2. 考查冠词与名词的搭配,如特指与泛指的区别、固定搭配中的冠词使用。 3. 考查冠词在特定结构中的使用,如“the + 比较级”表示“越……越……”的结构。 命题预测 对于冠词的考查,往往集中于a、an的用法区别,定冠词的用法,不用冠词的情况,习惯用语中冠词的用法等几个方面。考查形式会在完形填空、语法填空等类型的题目中出现。在学习过程中,不但要掌握不同类型的冠词的用法,还要注意习惯搭配中的冠词的使用情况。 第二部分 数词 主要考点 1. 基数词和序数词的构成和基本用法 2. 日期、时刻、年龄、编号等的表示法 3. 分数的表达法以及分数作主语时谓语的单复数形式 4. hundred、thousand、million和billion的用法 5. 数词在编号中的用法;带有数词的复合形容词中名词的数 课标要求 1. 掌握数词(含基数词、序数词)、月份、星期等 考查重点 1. 单项选择、单词拼写和语法填空中考查数词 2. 考查数词的词形与用法 3. 考查数词在具体语境中的运用 命题预测 数词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看,一般有完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2~4分。从命题意图看,侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用数词的能力。 考点一 不定冠词 1. 不定冠词的基本用法 ①不定冠词a/an表示“某一个”,相当于some/a certain,意为“一个”,或首次提到的泛指的人或事物。 A young man wants to see you.有个年轻人想见你。 ②用在某些物质名词前,表示“一阵、一份、一类、一场”等。 Green tea is a wonderful tea.绿茶是一种很好的茶。 What a heavy rain!多大的一场雨啊! ③表示一类人或物,指同类中的任何一个。 A dog is a faithful animal.狗是忠诚的动物。 =Dogs are faithful animals. ④用在表示数量、长度、时间、重量等的计数单位的名词前,表示“每一”相当于every, each, per等。 The car moves 100 miles an hour. 这辆小汽车以每小时100英里的速度行驶。 ⑤用在序数词前,强调在原有基础上“又,再”。“a/an+序数词”不表示排序,表示“又一,再一”; When I sat down, a fifth man rose to speak.我坐下后,第五个人又起来发言。 I want a second cup of coffee.我想再要一杯咖啡。(暗含已经喝了一杯。) ⑥另外,不定冠词a用于“most+形容词原级”之前无比较含义,表示程度,意为“很,非常”。 He is a most wise man.他是一个非常英明的人。 This is a most troublesome case.这是一个很麻烦的案子。 ⑦用在of之后,表示属性,意思是“同样,一样”,相当于the same。 They are of an age.他们一样大。 The two rooms are of a size.这两个房间一样大。 ⑧抽象名词具体化的情况下,不定冠词a/an用于抽象名词前,常考的具体化的抽象名词有success,failure,surprise,pleasure,beauty,pity,danger,comfort,honour等。 Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.在艰苦的时期,能够买得起一杯饮料都会是一件令人感到欣慰的事。 ⑨用在某些表示情绪的抽象名词前,表示“一种,一类”等。 It’s a pleasure to meet you here.在这儿见到你是一件很高兴的事。 It’s an honor to be invited to the party.很荣幸应邀参加晚会。 2.不定冠词a/an易错点 【易错点1】 以辅音音素开头的单词前使用a,以元音音素开头的单词前使用an。但要注意以下两种情况: 1. 有些单词开头的辅音字母并不发音,即该单词的读音实际上是以元音音素开头的,要使用an,如:hour, honest, honor等。 an hour,an honest man。 2. 有些单词以元音字母开头,但该单词的读音实际上是以辅音音素开头,要使用a,如:useful, usual, united, European, one-eyed, one-way等。 a university, a European country, 【易错点2】 不定冠词在句中的位置:such a/an+单数可数名词;quite a/an+单数可数名词;rather a/an+单数可数名词。如果修饰名词的形容词前有so, as, too, how等副词,则不定冠词一般放在形容词和名词之间。 He is as clever a boy as Tom.他是一个像汤姆一样聪明的男孩。 It is too difficult a book for beginners.这本书对初学者来说太难了。 3.常见的易混用不定冠词a和an的情况 易混类别 示例 Aa an actor, an apple, an artist, an amazing singer, an American writer, an astronaut Ee an egg, an eight-year-old girl, an exciting job, an eleven-year-old girl 【易错】a European country i an idea, an interesting story, an important part o an old man, an orange one, an outgoing girl 【易错】a one-month holiday Uu an umbrella, an unusual experience, an unhappy girl, an ugly man 【易错】a UFO, a unit, a university, a useless/useful suggestion, a usual trip 英文字母前 26个英文字母中,前面用an的有:a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x(口诀助记:Mr. Li has one fox) 特别记 an honest boy, an hour, an honor, a hero 4.不定冠词常考固定搭配 不定冠词的常用固定搭配 at a loss困惑,不知所措 as a result因此 as a rule通常,照例 as a matter of fact事实上 after a while一会儿后 at a distance离一段距离,从远处 all of a sudden突然 a waste of ... ……的浪费 a matter of ... ……的问题 a collection of一批…… a knowledge of (=know)知道 an understanding of (=understand)懂得 a great many许多 at a time每次 as a whole总的来说 after a while一会儿之后 have a good time玩得高兴 have a holiday度假 have a cold患感冒 have/take a rest休息一下 have a gift for有……的天赋 in a hurry匆忙地 in a word总之 on a diet节食 in a moment立刻 in a sense在某种意义上 have a population of有……人口 for a while暂时,一时 go on a diet节食 have a history of有……的历史 get a lift/ride搭便车 make/earn a living谋生 once in a while偶尔 once upon a time从前 make an effort 努力 make an apology道歉 have a good time过得愉快 have a word with...与......交谈 take an interest in...对......感兴趣 1.—It’s reported that there will be ________ highway from Panzhihua to Yibin. —Wow, what ________ great news for us! A.a; a B.the; a C.the; 不填 D.a; 不填 2.(2025·天津·中考真题)Mary usually rides ________ bike to school. Sometimes she also goes by ________ bus. A.a; 不填 B.不填; a C.the; a D.a; a 3.I have _________ European pen friend, and he likes playing _________ guitar. A.an; / B.an; the C.a; \ D.a; the 4.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)I want to be _______ scientist like Qian Xuesen when I grow up. A.a B.an C.the D./ 5.(2024·天津·中考真题)My grandma has got ________ garden. And ________ flowers in it are beautiful. A.a; the B.an; the C.不填; 不填 D.an; 不填 考点二 定冠词 1.定冠词的基本用法和易错点 ①表示特指的人或物或者双方都知道的或心中都明白的人或物,或指上文已提到过的人或事物。 The dictionary on the desk is mine 书桌上的那本字典是我的。 ②用在世界上独一无二的名词前。 The sun is shining brightly.太阳明亮地照耀着。 Explore the surface of the moon.探索月球的表面。 【易错点】 1.有些事物虽然也是独一无二的,但表达特定意义时习惯上却不用冠词。如:space太空,nature自然,man人类等。但若space表“空间”,nature表“特点”,man特指“个人”时,则可加冠词。对比: Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. 太空旅行是如此令人愉快,但同时又存在无形的危险。 2.独一无二的词如moon,sky,world等被形容词或介词短语修饰时,也可用不定冠词a/an。对比: in the world在世界上; the Mars火星; a full moon一轮圆月; a world of water一个水的世界; ③表示具体的地点、方位、时间或某天的一部分的名词前。 on the left/right在左边/右边 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起,从西方落下。 We play football in the afternoon. 我们下午踢足球。 ④用于形容词或分词前,表示一类人或物。 the rich富人;the homeless.无家可归者;the wounded伤员; The impossible is often the untried. 不可能的事往往是未尝试过的事。 The wounded were taken good care of in the hospital.伤员在医院得到了很好的照顾。 ⑤用在在序数词和最高级前面。 Is this the first time you have visited Qingdao?这是你第一次游览青岛吗? The greatest talkers are always the least doers.言语的巨人往往是行动的矮子。 As is known to all,the People's Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world. 众所周知,中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。 【易错点】 1.定冠词the可以用于二者之中的比较级前表示最高级的含义。 Jim is the thinner of the two boys.吉姆是两个男孩中比较瘦的那个。 2.形容词only, very, same修饰名词时前面用定冠词the。 He is the very boy that I have been looking for.他就是我一直在寻找的那个男孩。 ⑥用于表示姓氏的复数名词前,表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩”。 The Browns are waiting for you outside.布朗一家在外面等你。 The Smiths went on an around­the­world trip.史密斯一家去环球旅行了。 ⑦演奏的西洋乐器前一定要加定冠词。 He often plays the piano after finishing his homework.他常常写完作业后弹钢琴。 【易错点】 1.如果只是提到这种乐器,而不是演奏,则不一定用定冠词。 He bought a piano for his daughter.他为女儿买了一架钢琴。 2.用汉语拼音表示的乐器前不用冠词。 Play erhu拉二胡 play pipa弹琵琶 ⑧用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。 It is said that corn was grown a lot in Tibet in the 17th century. 据说在十七世纪的时候玉米在西藏大量种植。 ⑨用在表示计量的名词前,(如:by the hour, by the day, by the dozen, by the yard等)表示“以......计算” He pays the rent by the month.他按月付房租。 He gets paid by the week.他的工资也将按周支付。 ⑩“动词(如hit/strike/pull/take/seize)+sb+介词+the+身体某一部位”结构中,用the而不用物主代词。 hit sb.on the head 打某人的头 strike sb.in the face 打某人的脸 The police caught the thief by the arm.警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。 ⑪用在句型“the +比较级..., the+比较级...”中,表示“越......就越......”。 The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越小心,出的错就越少。 ⑫用于由普通名词构成的专有名词以及表示江、河、湖、海、洋、山、岛、国家、党派、杂志、机构、条约等的专有名词前。 The Warsaw Treaty华沙条约; the Taiwan Strait台湾海峡; the Senate参议院; the Atlantic大西洋; The Thames泰晤士河; the Middle East中东; The Security Council安理会; 【易错点】 节日前不用冠词,但我国的传统节日前用定冠词。 The Spring Festival春节; the Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节; 2.定冠词常考固定搭配 定冠词the的常用固定搭配 at the same time同时 at the moment此刻 all the year round一年到头 all the time一直 at the age of...在...岁时 at the beginning/end of...在...结束时 by the way顺便问一下 go to the cinema去看电影 go to the doctor's去看医生 for the time being暂时 in the daytime在白天 in the end最后,终于 for the first time第一次 in the habit of习惯于 in the distance在远处 in the way挡路 on the whole总的来说 make the most/best of充分利用 on the right/left在右/左面 the other day前几天 on the radio/phone通过无线电/电话 to tell (you) the truth说实话 in the form of...以......的形式 on the spot在场;到场;立即;马上; with the help of...在......的帮助下 the next day第二天 not in the least (=not at all)一点也不 on the way to...在去......的路上 on the eve of...在......的前夕 in the habit of...有......的习惯 on the other hand...另一方面…… on the whole总的来说 to the point中肯,切题 for the first time第一次 1.(2024·四川·中考真题)Can you lend me ________ book that you bought yesterday? A.an B.the C.a D.不填 2.(2023·上海·中考真题)We Chinese have the tradition of respecting ______ old. A.the B./ C.an D.a 3.(2023·江苏镇江·中考真题)It is said that Panda Ya Ya will live ________ rest of her life in her hometown, China. A.a B.an C.the D.不填 4.(2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题)—Betty began to play ________ violin at the age of four. —No wonder she plays so well. A.a B.an C.the D./ 5.—Tony, what’s ________ matter with you? —I have ________ toothache. A.a; the B.the; a C./; the D.the; / 考点三 零冠词的用法 1.零冠词基本用法和易错点 用法 示例 表示泛指意义的物质名词、抽象名词前 Money can’t buy you happiness. 在一日三餐、球类运动、语言、棋类、学科等名词前(2015.21) have supper;play football;play chess;learn English 不可数名词、复数名词前(泛指某类人或事物时) Children like animals. 在星期、月份、季节、西方节日前 (注意:我国含有“Festival”的传统节日前,要加定冠词the,如the Mid-Autumn Festival) on Friday;in March;in spring;Mother’s Day 在称呼语、职位、头衔等名词前 We made him manager of the company. 人名、地名、街道名、城市名、州、省、机场以及大多数大学、公园等专有名词前 Beijing Street;Baiyun Airport 名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, any, every, each等限定词修饰时 My pen is much more expensive than yours. 与by连用的交通工具名词前 by train, by bus 【易错点】 抽象名词表示具体事物时,变为可数名词,可被a/an修饰,也可以有复数形式。 抽象名词 抽象名词具体化 beauty美 a beauty 美丽的人或事物 success成功 a success 成功的人或事 failure失败 a failure 失败的人或事 comfort安慰,舒适 a comfort 令人感到安慰的人或事 danger危险 a danger一个危险分子 surprise吃惊 a surprise 令人感到惊讶的人或事 pleasure开心 a pleasure 令人感到高兴的人或事 wonder奇迹 a wonder 令人感到惊奇的人或事/奇迹 shock震惊,休克 a shock 令人感到震惊的人或事 honour荣誉,荣耀 an honour 令人感到荣耀的人或事 worry烦恼 a worry 令人感到烦恼的人或事 2.零冠词常考固定搭配 不定冠词a/an表示“某一个”,相当于 at risk 有危险 ahead of time 提前 in advance 提前 by mistake 错误地,无意地 by chance/accident 碰巧地 lose heart 灰心 catch fire 着火 at last最终 for example 例如 in debt 负债 in place 在恰当的位置 after school放学后 give way to 给……让路 in danger 处于危险之中 in order有序 take part in 参加 out of control 失控 set fire to放火 out of work 失业 face to face 面对面地 under repair 处于维修中 on time按时 day and night 夜以继日地 heart and soul 全心全意地 take care of照顾 take pride in...以......为自豪 in time及时 with pleasure高兴地 come into power/effect开始执政/生效 take office就职 do harm to...对......有害 from morning till night 从早到晚 on purpose 故意地 in condition状况良好 at dawn/noon/dusk在黎明/正午/黄昏 in advance预先 3.固定搭配中有无冠词区别 by day在白天 by the day按日计算 go to class/hospital/school上课/住院/上学 go to the class/hospital/school到课堂/医院/学校 in the front of在......的前面(在参照物里) in front of在......的前面(和参照物不相连) in case of以防,万一 in the case of就某人或某事而言 in bed/church/prison/town睡觉/作礼拜/进监狱 in the bed/church/prison/town在床上/在教堂/在监狱里 in future今后 in the future将来 in sight of看见 in the sight of据......的见解 in place of代替 in the place of在......的地方 in charge of主管,负责 in the charge of在......的看管之下 in possession of拥有 in the possession of...被......所拥有 out of the question不可能 out of question毫无疑问 sit at table吃饭 sit at the table在桌旁 take advice征求意见 take the advice听从建议 take place发生 take the place of代替 1.(2023·江苏淮安·中考真题)I usually have ________ lunch with my classmates at school. A./ B.a C.an D.the 2.My father likes sports. He is good at playing ________ soccer. A.a B.an C.the D./ 3.(2023·江苏扬州·中考真题)Yangzhou is ________ city full of ________ history, culture and mouthwatering food. A.the; a B.a; a C.the; the D.a; / 4.China’s panda Ya Ya finished ________ 30-day stay in Shanghai after landing in China and then was sent to Beijing Zoo in ________ May. A.a; a B.a; the C.the; a D.a; / 5.(2022·江苏宿迁·中考真题)My brother often plays ________ football with his classmates after school. A.a B.an C./ D.the 考点四 基数词的构成和用法 1. 基数词的构成 (1)0—12单独记。如: zero, one, two, three等。 (2)13—19的词尾都是teen。如:fourteen, seventeen等,但13—thirteen,15—fifteen,18—eighteen需要特殊记。 (3)20以上的整十的基数词均以ty结尾。 20—twenty,30—thirty,40—forty,50—fifty,80—eighty等。 (4)"几十几"要加连字符号"-"。 48—forty-eight, 97—ninety-seven等。 (5)"几百几十"或者"几百几十几"在"百"后加and。 156—one hundred and fifty-six, 509—five hundred and nine。 (6)四位数或者四位数以上的基数词的拼写规律:用逗号从右往左每三位加一个逗号,第一个逗号读作thousand(千),第二个逗号读作million(百万),第三个逗号读作billion(十亿),hundred后莫忘"and"。 3,610=three thousand six hundred and ten; 94,295=ninety-four thousand two hundred and ninety-five; 2. 基数词的用法: ① 表示确切数字时,基数词hundred, thousand, dozen(12)等,只用单数形式,不能加“s” 如:five thousand six hundred teachers 5600名教师 ② 在表示某些概数的习语中,如“成百上千”等,基数词要加“s” 如:thousands of people 成千上万的人表示人的不确切岁数或年代, 用“几十”的复数形式表示 如:in his twenties 在他二十多岁时 in the 1980’s / 1980s 在20世纪80年代 ③ 可以用来表示时间 如:5:00 five / five o’clock 4:25 four twenty-five 7:20 twenty past seven 11:15 a quarter past eleven 5:55 five to six 9:31 twenty-nine to ten“基数词 + 名词 + ......”构成复合形容词作定语 如:He is a ten-year-old boy. It a five-minute walk from the library to the playground. ④ 可以用来表示年代 如:1980年 nineteen eighty ⑤ 可以用来表示年龄 如:He is ten years old. ⑥ 可以用来表示事物编号 如:No. Ten Middle School 第十中学 308 Nanjing Road 南京路308号 Room 209 房间209 Section 3 / Part 3 第三部分 ⑥ 可以用于倍数表达,”基数词 + times“ 表示“...是...几倍” 如:This room is three times as big as that one. This room is three times bigger than that one. This room is threetimes the size of that one. ⑦ 可以用于百分数表达。百分数由“基数词+百分号(%)”构成 如:30% = thirty percent 65% = sixty - five percent 1.The weather in Kunming is so comfortable and I have been there ________ times. If possible, I still want to go there a ________ time. A.three; fourth B.third; fourth C.three; four D.third; four 2.My old grandfather is in his ________, but he can still do some gardening and look after himself well. A.nineteen B.ninety C.ninetieth D.nineties 3.(2023·上海·中考真题)The village is really beautiful. We’ve decided to stay for ________ two days. A.others B.the others C.the other D.another 4.________ visitors came to take photos of Hongyadong during the vacation. A.Thousand B.Thousand of C.Thousands D.Thousands of 5.(2023·山东·中考真题)The number of the fans going to this concert is about three ________. And ________ of them are girls. A.thousand; two third B.thousands; two third C.thousand; two thirds D.thousands; two thirds 考点五 序数词的构成和用法 1. 基数词与序数词的转化 first 1st second 2nd third 3rd fourth 4th fifth 5th sixth 6th seventh 7th eighth 8th ninth 9th tenth 10th eleventh 11th twelfth 12th thirteenth 13th fourteenth 14th fifteenth 15th sixteenth 16th seventeenth 17th eighteenth 18th nineteenth 19th twentieth 20th twenty-first 21st twenty-second 22nd thirtieth 30th fortieth 40th fiftieth 50th sixtieth 60th seventieth 70th eightieth 80th ninetieth 90th hundredth 100th one hundred and first 101st (1)"第一"、"第二"、"第三"分别是first, second, third。 (2)"第四"到"第十九"除了fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth是特殊的拼写外,其余的都在相应基数词后面加 "th"构成。如:fourth。 (3)20以上的整十的序数词由相应的基数词变y为i,再加"-eth"。如:thirty→thirtieth; fifty→fiftieth。 (4)第一百hundredth; 第一千thousandth; 第一百万millionth。 (5)20以上的非整十的基数词变序数词时,只变化个位数。如:twenty-one→twenty-first; one hundred and one→one hundred and first。 基数词变序数词记忆口诀 基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th。 一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d。 八去t,九除e,ve要用f替,ty将y变成i,th前面有个e。 若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。 整十基数变序数,先把ty变成tie,要是遇上两位数,十位基数,个位序,th最后加上去。 2. 序数词的用法 ① 序数词的前面一般要用定冠词the表示”第几“的意思 如:You are the second one to know the way. 你是第二个知道方法的人 当序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰,序数词前不用the This is my third question. / Betty is Linda’s first good friend. 这是我的第三个问题 贝蒂是琳达第一个好朋友 We’ll read it a second time. 我们将再读一遍 当表示”又一,再一“时,序数词前不用the,但可加不定冠词a / an ② 可以用于年、月、日的表达;年、月用基数词,日用序数词 如:May the first / the first of May 5月1日 August the eighth / the eighth of August 8月1日 March 18th, 1978 1978年3月18日 ③ 可以用于分数的表达; 分子是基数词,分母是序数词;当分子大于1时,分母用复数形式 如: two fifths one third six sevenths 注意:1/2通常读作 a (one) half 1/4可读作 a (one) fourth或a (one) quarter ④ 表示编号的时候,经常把基数词放在名词的前面表示顺序 相当于 the+序数词+ 名词,也可以用 “ 名词 + 基数词 ” 如:Lesson Five=the fifth lesson 第五课 ⑤ 可以用于倍数表达,”基数词 + times“ 表示“...是...几倍” 如:This room is two times as big as that one. = twice / double = twice / double This room is two times bigger than that one. This room is two times the size of that one.= twice / double 1.—________ of the students in our class have passed the exam. —Oh, that means 20% of them should work harder. A.One fifth B.Four five C.Four fifths D.One five 2.I am _____ child in my family. I have an elder brother and a younger sister. A.one B.the first C.the second D.the third 3.—China Shanghai International Children’s Book Fair has been held nine times. —Yes. The ________ fair was held from December 2 to 4, 2022. A.nine B.ninth C.nineteenth D.ninety 4.It is the ________ time for him to take part in this kind of game. A.one B.two C.three D.third 5.—It is Mom’s __________ birthday next Wednesday. What should we do? —What about buying her __________ flowers to show our love? A.forty; forty B.forty; fortieth C.fortieth; forty D.fortieth; fortieth 考点六 分数、倍数表达法 1. 分数表达法 分数是由基数词作分子,序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是"1"的情况外,序数词都要用复数。 ►1/3 one third 7/9 seven ninths 【注意】 · 一些特殊的分数表达法: a half 二分之一 a quarter =one fourth 四分之一 three quarters=three fourth 四分之三 · 带分数的词组作句子的主语时,谓语动词的单复数与分数后的名词保持一致。 Two fifths of the apple is eaten.这个苹果被吃了五分之二。 Two fifths of the apples are red.五分之二的苹果是红的。 · quarter,half 和 percent 的用法 四分之一通常用 a/one quarter 来表示;四分之三通常用three quarters 来表示;二分之一通常用a/one half 来表示;百分之几通常用“基数词+percent”来表示,如:30% 可以表达为“30 percent”。 2. 倍数表达法 表示倍数时通常借助half, double, twice, three/four...+ times等之类的词: Half (of) the apples are bad. 一半苹果是坏的。 He eats twice what I eat. 他的食量是我的两倍。 1. 倍数+as +形容词/副词(原级)+ as。 My income is twice as much as yours.我的收入是你的2倍。 2. 倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than。 The room is 4 times larger than that one.这间房比那间大两倍。 3. 倍数+ the size/length/weight…+of+表示比较对象的名词。 My house is twice the size of his.我的房子是他的两倍大。 4.倍数+what引导的从句。 The college is twice what it was 5 years ago.这所大学是它五年前的两倍。 1.—________ of the city ________ covered with parks and gardens. —Wow, it’s really a green city. A.Three fifth; is B.Three fifths; is C.Three fifths; are D.Three fifths; are 2.Tom was angry because Jerry ate ________ of his nine apples secretly. Now he had only three left. A.a quarter B.one third C.a half D.two thirds 3.—Susan, how many women teachers are there in your school? —In our school, _______of the teachers _______ women teachers. A.third fourth; are B.third fourth; is C.three fourths; is D.three fourths; are 4.—How many students in your class get to school on foot? —About ________ of them do. A.three fifths B.two third C.first four D.one seconds 5.About ________ of the students in Kaili ________ to school by bus. A.two fifth;go B.two fifths;go C.two fifth;goes D.two fifths;goes 一、单词拼写 1.(2025·江苏淮安·中考真题)Mr Wu is my new neighbour. He lives on the (six) floor. 2.(2025·江苏扬州·三模)Bananas are the biggest crop in the world. (four) 3.(2023·江苏南京·中考真题)Last weekend, (hundred) of students joined in the reading activity at the foot of the ancient Ming City Wall. 4.(2023·上海·中考真题)There were various activities at the China Folk Craft Fair. (eight) 5.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)I live on the (ten) floor. I can enjoy beautiful views of the city. 6.(2022·江苏南京·中考真题)Nanjing Museum is the (one) modern museum and remains as one of the leading museum in China. 7.(2025·上海杨浦·三模)This year he won the national championship again—for the time. (four) 8.(2025·江苏扬州·三模)With the help of AI, two of the time will be saved when dealing with such problems. (three) 9.(2025·江苏扬州·三模)So far, five of the visitors have visited Yangzhou Grand Canal Musuem. (twelve) 10.(2025·上海虹口·三模)The question in the quiz was about the history of space exploration. (four) 二、语法填空 1. (2023·浙江丽水·中考真题)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Kendall Rae Johnson spends a lot of time playing in the dirt. She has 1 huge garden that produces over 100 pounds of food each year! Kendall Rae 2 (begin) gardening at age three, when her great-grandmother gave her some fresh collard greens. Kendall Rae says, “Grandma Kate told 3 (I), ‘Don’t throw away the stems, because if you put them in the ground, they will grow back.’” She tried it and the stems 4 (real) grew new leaves. Soon after, her parents put in a backyard garden. 5 her friends came to their house, Kendall Rae enjoyed sharing what she knew about farming. She says, “My friends would help me water 6 care for the plants. They started to enjoy farming, too.” At age six, she became the youngest certified farmer 7 her hometown. Today, her garden has grown to include sixty plant beds and twelve 8 (tree)! When the vegetables and fruits are ripe(成熟), Kendall Rae sells some of them 9 (make) money. She also invites people who don’t have enough food to take what they need. “If 10 (many) kids join us, our community will surely become better,” says Kendall Rae. “Growing food takes a lot of work, but together we can do it.” 2. (2023·浙江台州·中考真题)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 You don’t need to wait until you’re an adult to take part in community service. You can develop good habits now. Community service is a great way to make 11 difference in your neighborhood. You also can enjoy 12 (spend) time with friends and meeting new people. Here are some ideas for you to start 13 (quick). Do you play an instrument or love to draw? Offer to give free concerts at a senior center or spread your love of art by giving 14 (lesson) to younger children. You can never imagine 15 happy you will be after that. Do you live near a public park? You can volunteer 16 (plant) or clean up the park. You’ll bring pleasure 17 everyone who uses the park. Do you know any sick or disabled people in your neighborhood? Offer to do yard work for 18 (they). Sweep the floor and 19 (do) the dishes. Or just stop by for a friendly visit with some food. Does your school encourage a buddy (伙伴) system? You can set up buddy systems which connect older children with 20 (young) ones. Buddies often spend time together reading books. Helping a young person grow into a smart reader is a gift that keeps on giving. 21 / 21 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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