专题05 动词&动词短语(复习讲义)(天津专用)2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测
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摘要:
该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦“动词&动词短语”专题,针对中考必考的动词分类与辨析(实义、系、助、情态动词)、动词基本形式(三单、分词、过去式)及动词短语三大核心考点,构建“考情剖析-思维导图网络-考点分层突破-优题实战训练”的系统复习框架,通过表格对比梳理动词用法差异,结合解题锦囊指导形式变化规则,助力学生精准突破难点。
亮点在于“辨析-规则-应用”三阶教学策略,如考点一用表格对比实义动词与系动词的功能及例句,培养学生思维品质;解题锦囊总结“动词形式变化五锦囊”,提升学习能力。优题精选涵盖单选、完形、完成句子等中考题型,配合分层训练,教师可据此灵活调整复习节奏,有效提升学生语言运用能力和应考效率。
内容正文:
专题05 动词&动词短语
目录
01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
02 思维导图·网络构建 3
03 考点通关·靶向突破 5
★考点一 动词分类与辨析 4
1. 及物动词和不及物动词 4
2. 系动词 6
3. 情态动词 7
4. 助动词 8
★考点二 动词的基本形式 11
1. 动词第三人称单数形式变化规则 11
2. 动词现在分词变化规则 11
3. 动词过去式,过去分词变化规则 12
★考点三 动词短语 13
04 优题精选·练能提分 17
考点
课标要求
复习目标
实义动词
· 掌握行为动词的意义,行为动词辨析。
1. 掌握及物动词及不及物动词用法,感官动词,助动词等
2. 动词的三单、过去式、分词变化规律等;
3.熟练掌握常见动词短语搭配
系动词
· 能够识别并正确使用be动词、五变(表示“变得”)、五感官等词的运用。
助动词
· 掌握助动词和别的动词连用,帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构,有人称、数和时态的变化。
动词短语
· 掌握常考动词短语及动词短语辨析。
命题预测
动词主要在单项填空、完形填空中考查,主要考查实义动词词义辨析、词义相对类辨析、近义动词辨析、感官动词辨析。
动词短语在完形填空、完成句子中考查,考查两词短语,也会考查三词及三词以上短语。
解题锦囊
锦囊1:填原形
1.一般现在时中,且主语是表复数概念的词,如:可数名词复数、集合名词、复数人称代词或I和you 等;
2.祈使句中以动词原形开头或“Don’t+动词原形”中;
3.位于一般将来时中,be going to或will 后;
4.位于情态动词及其否定形式后;
5.位于助动词(do/does/did)及其否定形式后;
6.位于使役动词(let/make/have)的宾语后。
锦囊2:变单三(一般现在时中)
1.一般现在时中,a/an/one/this/that+可数名词单数作主语时;
2.不可数名词作主语时;
3.第三人称单数he, she, it作主语时;
4.单个人名、地名或称呼等作主语时;
5.复合不定代词(every系列/some系列/any系列/no系列)、疑问代词作主语时;
6.非谓语动词(不定式或动名词)作主语时。
锦囊3:变过去式
1. 根据上下文或全文时态判断;
2.主从句时态一致,当主句为过去的某种时态时,从句通常也用过去的时态;
3.有明显表示过去时间的标志词,如:yesterday, just now, two days ago, last night week/month/year等。
锦囊4:变过去分词
1.用于各种时态的被动语态中,主语为动作的承受者;
2. 用于现在完成时或过去完成时中:have/has/had (not)+done。
锦囊5:变现在分词
用于现在/过去进行时(am/is/are/was/were+doing)结构中。
考点一 动词分类与辨析
定义:动词是表示人或事物动作和状态的词。按照其语法功能,动词分为行为动词、系动词、助动词及情态动词四类。行为动词又叫实义动词,分为及物动词和不及物动词。
实义动词(及物动词和不及物动词), 连系动词be,feel,look,taste,smell等,助动词do/does/did和have/has及情态动词can,must,may等用法。
类别
功能和用法
例子
行为
动词
1.及物动词,本身含有实在意义,表示动作或状态,在句中能独立作谓语,可以接宾语。
afford, buy, enjoy, keep
2.不及物动词,在句中能独立作谓语。不可以直接接宾语,需要加适当的介词。
arrive, cry, die, fall
连系
动词
本身有一定的词义,但词义不完整,不能单独作谓语,
必须与表语一起构成谓语。
be,smell,look,taste
助动词
本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语,表示时态、语态、否定、疑问等。
do,does,will,shall
情态
动词
本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语,表示说话人的语气和情态,没有人称和数的变化。
may, must,can, need
1. 及物动词和不及物动词
可以直接跟宾语的动词称为及物动词。
可分为跟单宾语的及物动词、跟双宾语的及物动词、跟复合宾语(即宾语+宾补)的及物动词等。
及物动词
用法
例句
跟单宾语的
及物动词
其后只跟一个宾语
I love China.
我爱中国。
跟双宾语的
及物动词
可同时跟两个宾语。
双宾语中一个宾语指人,称为间接宾语;一个宾语指物,称为直接宾语。
通常间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后。直接宾语提前时,后面需加介词。
Please give me that pen.
=Please give that pen to me.
请把那支笔给我。
跟复合宾语的
及物动词
(跟名词、形容词、不定式等做宾补)
We call him Xiao Wang.(名词作宾补)
我们叫他小王。
Keep the window open.(形容词作宾补)
让窗户开着。
I left a case on the train.(介词短语作宾补)
我把一个箱子落在火车上了。
Don't keep me waiting.(动名词作宾补)
表达持续的动作或状态。
My mother asks me to get up early.(不定式作宾补)
我妈妈让我早点起床。
Don’t keep your children watching TV all the time.(现在分词作宾补)
不要让你的孩子一直在看电视。
I must get my bicycle fixed.(过去分词作宾补)
我得让人修理一下我的自行车了。
不及物动词,本身意义完整,后面不必跟宾语的实义动词,叫作不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如:
Birds can fly. 鸟会飞。
She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨晚的会上发了言。
常见的不及物动词
agree 同意
arrive 到达
come 来
die 死
exist 存在
fall 掉下
spread 传开
happen 发生
lie 平躺
stay 待
walk 走
rise 升起
remain 剩下
consist 由……组成
go 去
lie 位于,在于
laugh 大笑
snow 下雪
live 居住
think 想
hope 希望
2. 系动词
系动词又称连系动词,是连接主语和表语的动词,后面一般跟形容词、名词等,说明主语的性质、特征、状态、身份、变化和结果等。
类别
系动词
示例
状态类
用来表示主语状态,只有be动词(am/is/ are/ was/ were)。
Jenny a helpful girl.珍妮是一个乐于助人的女孩。
It so hot on the slow train.慢速的火车太热了。
持续类
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,
主要有keep, stay, remain, lie等。
She fit by walking after supper every day.
她每天晚饭后通过走路来保持健康。
He always keeps silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
感官类
表示人类感官活动的动词(视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉),
包括look, smell,sound, taste,feel。
The flower smells good.花闻起来很香。
This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布摸起来很软。
变化类
表示主语变成什么样,
主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run等。
He became mad after that.自那之后,他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。
表象类
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有appear, seem, look。
He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
常用系动词
词义
例句
be
是
I’m a girl with short hair.
become
成为,变得
Mike becomes interested in Chinese.
turn
变得
Mr. White’s face turned red.
get
变得
The weather is getting bad.
smell
闻起来
The flowers smell nice.
sound
听起来
The plan sounds good.
taste
尝起来
The soup tastes delicious.
stay
保持
The shop stays open till 8 pm.
grow
成长,变得
Her hair is growing white.
keep
保持
The girl keeps silent all the time.
feel
感到,摸起来
The coat feels very soft
look
看起来
My mother looks very young.
注意
1.连系动词不能单独作谓语,其后必须接形容词、名词或介词短语作表语
2.含连系动词(be除外)的句子变疑问句时一定要借助助动词do,does,did等
3. 情态动词
情态动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,需和实义动词或系表结构一起构成谓语,表明说话者对某一行为的态度和观点,主要包括揣测、判断、需要、可能、各种意愿等。
情态动词无人称和数的变化(have to 除外);情态动词后必须接动词原形。
主要的情态动词有:can,may,must,need,would,could,might,dare等。
情态
动词
意义及用法
例句
may
表示“请求许可”,意思是“可以,可能”,
其一般疑问句的否定回答为mustn’t。
—May I go out and play football?
—No,you mustn’t.
表推测,意思是“可能”。
Mr.Li may be at home.
can
(could)
表示“能力”,意思是“能,会”,
否定形式为can’t,couldn’t。
Mike can speak a little Chinese.
I could ride the bike when I was 6 years old.
用在疑问句中,表示“征求意见”,
could比can的语气更委婉、客气。
Could you tell me something about your school?
表推测,常用在否定句和疑问句中。
He can’t be at home. He has gone to Japan.
can用于一般现在时及一般过去时两种时态,be able to可以用于各种时态。
He can spell these words.
He has been able to draw pictures already.
must
表示义务、命令或要求,意为“必须,应该”,否定形式为mustn’t,意为“不应该,不允许”,表示警告。
You must be careful next time.
You mustn’t take photos here.
表示推测,意为“必定”。
He must be in the room.
表示说话人的主观看法。
I must go home now.
must引导的一般疑问句,
肯定回答时用must,have to;
否定回答时用needn’t或don’t have to。
—Must I finish the homework today?
—No,you needn’t/you don’t have to.
need
表示“需要”,多用于否定句。
He needn’t worry about it.
作实义动词,后接动词不定式。
I’m very tired and I need to have a rest.
情态动词的重点和难点是:
情态动词之间的区别;表示“推测”的表达方式;以及“情态动词+have+过去分词”的含义。
4. 助动词
助动词本身没有词意,或者意义不完全,不能单独作谓语。
只能和别的动词一起在句子中作谓语,帮助动词构成各种时态、语态等及否定、疑问、强调等。
主要的助动词有:be,do,have,shall,will等。
句中有动词原形用do/does/did;无动词原形用be;现在完成时用have / has;过去完成时用had。
(1)助动词be的用法:
be 用作助动词时,有人称、数和时态等的变化,可与现在分词构成进行时态,与过去分词构成被动语态。
be用法
例句
构成现在进行时、过去进行时。
Jane is doing a project about family history.
简正在做一项有关家族史的项目。
构成现在/过去某种时态的被动语态。
The earliest kites were made of wood,instead of paper.
最早的风筝是用木头做的,而不是用纸做的。
(2) 助动词do的用法:
助动词do主要帮助实义动词构成否定句和疑问句。有时可以放在谓语动词前面起强调的作用,还可以代替前面刚出现过的动词以避免重现。do的第三人称单数是does,过去时是did。
do用法
例句
构成疑问句
Do youwant to pass the CET?你想通过大学英语测试吗?
Did you study German?你们学过德语吗?
构成否定句
Don't judge a book by its cover.不要以貌取人。
I do not want to be criticized.我不想被批评。
表示强调
Do come to the party tomorrow evening.明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
代替上文出现过的词,避免重复
He works harder than you do.他工作比你工作努力。
I like coffee,but my parents don’t.我喜欢喝咖啡,但我的父母不喜欢。
(3)助动词have的用法:
助动词have在句中有人称、数和时态的变化,主要是与动词的过去分词构成完成时态。
He has phoned me about your coming.他已经打电话把你要来的事告诉我了。(现在完成时)
I told him I was playing for school team and I had been his fan for years.(过去时和现在完成时)
我告诉他我是学校球队的队员,多年来我一直是他的粉丝。
(4)will、would、shall、should的用法
will、shall用于构成一般将来时,would、should用于构成过去将来时;
shall、should主要用于第一人称;will、would可用于所有人称。
You will have an English test tomorrow.明天你有英语小测验。
They said it would be fine the next day.他们说第二天会好起来的。
When shall I see you again?我何时再见到你?
I thought I should finish the work by Friday.我想我应该在星期五之前完成工作。
【易错提醒】
1. 不及物动词不能直接跟宾语,需要加上相应的介词才能跟宾语,不及物动词不能用于被动语态。
2. 如talk to /with sb(与某人交谈),think about sth(思考某事), dream of sth.(梦想某事)。
3. 有些动词可以跟同源宾语如,dream a good/bad dream; live a comfortable life过着舒适的生活。
4. 3.有些动词表达动作事实是及物动词,如sell, lock, wash, write, spread; 表示性质特点时为不及物动词。
5. The books have been sold out.(vt.)这些书已经卖完了。
6. The book sells well.(vi.)这本书很畅销。
7. You don’t have to write these things in detail. (vt.)你不必详细地写这些东西。
8. The pen writes smoothly. (vi.)这支笔写起来很流利。
一、单项选择
1.(2025·天津·中考真题)When David sees these postcards, he will ________ his wonderful travel experiences.
A.remember B.borrow C.hate D.trust
2.(2025·山东东营·中考真题)“Tom, stop it! Don’t let your phone ______ our family time!” Dad warned at dinner.
A.hide B.save C.steal D.borrow
3.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)And I ________ you should try the colour therapy. Colours have amazing power.
A.support B.suggest C.imagine D.introduce
4.(2025·湖北武汉·中考真题)—Why do you often wear white clothes in summer?
—Clothes of this color ________ the heat, so I don’t feel that hot.
A.spread B.reflect C.increase D.bring
5.(2025·江苏淮安·一模)—______ you free this weekend?
—Yes, but I need to look after my little sister.
A.Do B.Are C.Did D.Will
6.(2025·安徽芜湖·三模)—Which coat do you prefer?
—The black one. It ________ more comfortable.
A.tastes B.smells C.feels D.sounds
7.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)Hey, Julie. I’ve had a problem recently. ________ you help me?
A.Can B.Must C.Should D.May
8.(2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题)—________ we make a meal for our grandparents on Double Ninth Festival?
—Good idea. Let’s do it right now.
A.Must B.Will C.Could D.Shall
二、完成句子
1.(2023·上海·中考真题)The tourists visited the exhibition of Chinese paper cutting last week. (改为一般疑问句)
the tourists the exhibition of Chinese paper cutting last week?
2.(2023·重庆·中考真题)Tina finishes her homework before 6 o’clock every day.(改为否定句)
Tina her homework before 6 o’clock every day.
考点二 动词的基本形式
动词有五种基本形式,即动词原形、现在分词、一般现在时的第三人称单数、过去式和过去分词。
动词原形,没有经过任何变形,即在词典词目中所使用的动词形式。如:be, do, have, come等 。
1. 动词第三人称单数形式变化规则
规则
示例
一般情况下加-s
help→help
sit→sit坐
know→know知道
play→play玩
read→read阅读
以字母s,x,ch,sh结尾的动词,加-es
pass→pass通过
watch→watch
finish→finish完成
以字母o结尾的动词加-es
do→do做;干
go→go去;走
以“辅音字母+-y”结尾的动词,
变y为i再加-es
carry→carr携带
study→stud学习
worry→worr担心
2. 动词现在分词变化规则
规则
示例
一般情况下直接加-ing
sleep→sleeping睡觉 buy→buying购买
以不发音的e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-ing
write→writing写 use→using使用
以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音 字母的动词,双写词尾辅音字母后再加-ing
sit→sitting开始 put→putting放
以ie结尾的动词,先变ie为y,再加-ing
die→dying死 lie→lying躺
以ee结尾的动词,直接加-ing
see→seeing看见
以w或x结尾的动词,直接加-ing
snow→snowing下雪
3. 动词过去式,过去分词变化规则
规则
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
一般情况下,动词原形后加-ed
look
look
look
help
help
help
work
work
work
动词词尾为不发音的字母e,加-d
like
like
like
hope
hope
hope
live
live
live
动词词尾为“辅音字母+y”,
变y为i, 再加-ed
try
tr
tr
study
stud
stud
cry
cr
cr
以重读闭音节结尾,
且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,
则双写该辅音字母后加-ed
plan
plan
plan
stop
stop
stop
nod
nod
nod
一、单项选择
1.(2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题)—How about climbing Donghua Mountain this weekend?
—Sounds great. Then a pair of comfortable sports shoes ________ necessary.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
二、单词拼写
2.(2025·江苏淮安·中考真题)Last week, we (watch) a fashion show in the school hall.
3.(2025·西藏·中考真题)We (talk) about saving water and electricity now.
4.(2025·江苏扬州·中考真题)Recently, more and more people have to visit Yangzhou during holidays. (choose)
5.(2025·四川达州·一模)We were told that many computers in our school had been (steal) last night.
6.(2025·上海·模拟预测)Betty has sports in the gym with her classmates every day. (改为一般疑问句)
Betty sports in the gym with her classmates every day?
考点三 动词短语
动词短语是由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的词组,其作用和动词差不多。
类别
实例
动词+副词
add up
加起来
break out
爆发
carry on
坚持下去;继续下去
change into
转换成;变成
clean up
清除;收拾干净
clear up
整理,收拾;(天气)放晴
come back
回来;想起来
come down
落下来
come in
进入,进来
cut down
砍倒
cut off
切断
cut up
切碎
eat up
吃光,吃完
fall behind
落在……后面;输给别人
find out
发现;查明
get along
取得进展
get together
聚会,联欢
get up
起床
give away
分发;赠送
give back
归还,送回
give in
屈服
give out
分发;用完,耗尽
give up
放弃
go ahead
继续
go away
走开,离去
go on
继续
grow up
长大成人,成长
hand in
上交;交纳
hand out
分发
hold on
坚持;(打电话)别挂断
keep on
继续(进行)
let in
让……进来,放进
look ahead
向前看
look up
查找
pay back
偿还(借款等)
pick up
拾起,捡起;开车接;学会
point out
指出,标明
put off
推迟
put on
穿;戴上;上演
put up
举起;张贴
start off
出发
stay up
熬夜
take off
脱下;起飞
turn down
声音调小
turn in
上交
turn off
关闭
wake up
唤醒,醒来
watch out
当心
work out
计算出动
动词+介词
agree with
赞同,同意(某人的看法)
arrive at/in
到达
ask for
请求;询问
base on
以……为依据
belong to
属于
break into
破门而入
call for
需要;呼吁
care for
在乎,关心
come from
来自……
deal with
处理;对付
depend on/upon
依靠;相信;依赖
get over
克服
get to
到达……
go by
走过,经过
go over
仔细检查;复习
knock at
敲
laugh at
嘲笑……
learn from
向……学习
look after
照顾
look at
看……,观看……
look for
寻找
look like
看起来像
pass by
经过
point to
指向……
quarrel with
(和某人)争吵
stand for
代表(某事物);支持
stick to
坚持
talk about
谈论,议论
think about
考虑
think of
想起,想出;认为
wait for
等待
动词+副词+介词
add up to
加起来总计
catch up with
赶上
come up with
想出
get along with
相处
go on with
继续进行
keep away from
远离
keep up with
跟上;和……保持联系
look down on/upon
看不起
look forward to
盼望
look out of
朝……外看
make up of
由……组成,构成
run out of
耗尽
【易错提醒】
1. 对于动词+副词类的短语,如果是名词作宾语,那么这个名词既可以放在短语之间也可以放在短语的后面,但是如果是代词作宾语,则代词一定要放在短语之间。例:
He turned off all the lights when he left. 当他离开时,他关上了所有的灯。
He picked it up and gave it to me. 他捡起它,然后把它交给了我。
一、完成句子
1.(2025·天津·中考真题)你可以给秋天的树叶拍照。
You can of autumn leaves.
2.(2025·天津·中考真题)马丁假期经常外出放松自己。
Martin often to relax himself during holidays.
3.(2025·天津·中考真题)这周五贝蒂要和姑姑一起吃晚饭。
Betty will with her aunt this Friday.
4.(2025·重庆·中考真题)面对困难, 我们应该永不放弃。(完成译句)
We should never in the face of difficulties.
5.(2025·天津·模拟预测)托尼正在考虑是否加入学校的音乐社团。
Tony is whether he will join the Music Club or not.
1、 单项选择
1.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)You’re welcome! ________ you good luck!
A.Give B.Make C.Hope D.Wish
2.(2025·湖北武汉·中考真题)—Who is________ the way in the race?
—Xiaoming. He runs the fastest in our class.
A.watching B.planning C.leading D.showing
3.(2025·江西·中考真题)Mozart ______ many pieces of beautiful music. That’s why he is so famous.
A.enjoyed B.created C.bought D.heard
4.(2025·安徽·中考真题)Paper-cutting is not easy to learn. It ________ much practice, patience and imagination.
A.explains B.supports C.provides D.requires
5.(2025·云南·中考真题)—Linda, can you do housework?
—Yes, I________. I learned to cook at the age of eight.
A.must B.can C.should D.need
6.(2025·江苏连云港·中考真题)New types of energy from the sun, wind and water ________ little pollution and will never run out.
A.burn B.recycle C.separate D.produce
7.(2023·湖北孝感·中考真题)—Daniel, try this strawberry cake.
—It ________ delicious. I’d like to have some more.
A.smells B.feels C.tastes D.looks
8.(2025·吉林长春·三模)After lots of practice, neither Susan nor I ______ afraid of giving a speech in public now.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
9.(2025·湖北武汉·模拟预测)—How do I know if the mango is ready?
—Just press into it gently with your finger! If it ________ soft, you can eat it.
A.looks B.tastes C.sounds D.feels
10.(2025·天津·模拟预测)—I wonder whether the man sitting in front of us is your manager or not.
—It ________ be him. He has gone to Shanghai on business.
A.must B.mustn’t C.can D.can’t
二、单词拼写
1.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)My little sister w (想知道) when the green leaves will come out.
2.(2025·四川眉山·中考真题)As a stamp lover, Xiao Ning has c plenty of special stamps over these years.
3.(2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测)Every time we Chinese need help in a foreign country, at our back always (stand) a strong motherland.
4.(2025·山东日照·中考真题)I (借) the book to Ted last week, but he hasn’t returned it yet.
5.(2023·江苏扬州·中考真题)It seems that families are more and more time together. (spend)
三、完成句子
1.(2025·天津南开·三模)我想查明谁打碎了玻璃。
I want to who broke the window.
2.(2025·广东广州·二模)去年,我们全家参加了社区的“家庭悦读”的活动。
Last year, our family the “Family Reading” activity in the community.
3.(2025·重庆北碚·三模)他昨天很兴奋,因为他收到了他父亲的信。
He was excited yesterday, because he his father.
4.(2025·天津南开·三模)政府建立了自然公园。
The government nature parks.
5.(2025·天津南开·三模)结果将取决于你自己的选择。
The result will your personal choice.
6.(2025·天津·模拟预测)只要努力,我们的梦想一定能实现。
As long as we work hard, our dreams will one day.
7.(2025·贵州·模拟预测)端午节期间你会做什么?快来和我们分享吧!
What will you do during the Dragon Boat Festival? Come and us!
8.(2025·天津南开·三模)你应该每天交作业。
You should your homework every day.
四、完形填空
(2025·江苏镇江·中考真题)
阅读下面短文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。
“Aim for the moon and even if you miss, you will land among the stars” is a common saying. It shows that we shouldn’t be afraid to fail and should try to be 1 . In this way, we can stay in a 2 place than where we start, even if we fail. Many great people in the world love fighting for excellence. One of them is the famous biologist—Tong Dizhou, the father of China’s clone (克隆).
Tong came from a poor family in Zhejiang Province and didn’t go to high school until 17. So he became the oldest student in the class. What was worse, he faced the 3 of being not allowed to continue his study because he couldn’t catch up with others. 4 , he didn’t give up. He studied hard and managed to take the lead among his classmates. 5 , he graduated with the highest grade.
Tong is remembered and 6 for the outstanding achievement of cross-species cloning in fish. In 1963, Tong produced the world’s first cloned fish. Ten years later, Tong 7 the first cross-species cloned fish. In the whole process, challenges and failures didn’t prevent him. Thanks to his pioneering research, Chinese scientists developed fish-breeding skills. Now China produces more than half of the world’s aquaculture (水产养殖) harvest.
Should we “aim for the moon” or 8 aim for what is easily achieved? Tong gave us a good 9 . He shows us that working towards excellence despite the failure can be a stepping stone to great success. Nowadays, many young people fear failure. They prefer to take an easier path. They 10 taking on challenges and are easily beaten by stress. Actually, fighting for excellence and not being afraid of failure can help people better themselves.
1.A.generous B.excellent C.modest D.organized
2.A.warmer B.tidier C.higher D.quieter
3.A.decision B.secret C.risk D.purpose
4.A.Moreover B.However C.Otherwise D.Also
5.A.In general B.As usual C.Above all D.As a result
6.A.respected B.required C.changed D.compared
7.A.drew B.bought C.created D.caught
8.A.closely B.widely C.suddenly D.simply
9.A.speech B.answer C.help D.reason
10.A.avoid B.continue C.practice D.suggest
五、短文填空
(2025·江苏淮安·中考真题)
根据短文内容及所给首字母提示,写出所缺单词,使短文意思完整、通顺,每空一词。
Rabbits are small and cute animals with white fur, long ears and soft bodies. Many people keep one as a p 1 at home. But the rabbits in the wild are not the s 2 as those at home. The information below may help you know more about them.
What do wild rabbits e 3 ? You may think they like carrots best. However, they would rather choose green plants, such as grass and vegetables. Sometimes, they also eat crops, s 4 farmers may not welcome them.
Where do wild rabbits live? Most of them live in the fields, forests or grasslands. They are g 5 at digging holes. They dig underground holes which can provide space from enemies and bad weather. The holes can also be used to store food and raise the y 6 . Also, some wild rabbits may live in the bushes.
H 7 do wild rabbits keep safe? They have many enemies, such as foxes and snakes. To survive, they use clever tricks. For example, when other animals hunt them, they will run away in a special way, so they won’t be c 8 easily. Also, their special eyes allow them to notice d 9 from almost every direction. Though they are not very strong, their amazing abilities help them live through the hard conditions in nature.
There are also some fun facts about wild rabbits. Can you imagine they can j 10 as high as 2 metres? Their front teeth never stop growing, so they need to chew (咀嚼) every day to stop them from getting too long. Isn’t that amazing?
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专题05 动词&动词短语
目录
01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
02 思维导图·网络构建 3
03 考点通关·靶向突破 5
★考点一 动词分类与辨析 4
1. 及物动词和不及物动词 4
2. 系动词 6
3. 情态动词 7
4. 助动词 8
★考点二 动词的基本形式 12
1. 动词第三人称单数形式变化规则 12
2. 动词现在分词变化规则 13
3. 动词过去式,过去分词变化规则 13
★考点三 动词短语 15
04 优题精选·练能提分 20
考点
课标要求
复习目标
实义动词
· 掌握行为动词的意义,行为动词辨析。
1. 掌握及物动词及不及物动词用法,感官动词,助动词等
2. 动词的三单、过去式、分词变化规律等;
3.熟练掌握常见动词短语搭配
系动词
· 能够识别并正确使用be动词、五变(表示“变得”)、五感官等词的运用。
助动词
· 掌握助动词和别的动词连用,帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构,有人称、数和时态的变化。
动词短语
· 掌握常考动词短语及动词短语辨析。
命题预测
动词主要在单项填空、完形填空中考查,主要考查实义动词词义辨析、词义相对类辨析、近义动词辨析、感官动词辨析。
动词短语在完形填空、完成句子中考查,考查两词短语,也会考查三词及三词以上短语。
解题锦囊
锦囊1:填原形
1.一般现在时中,且主语是表复数概念的词,如:可数名词复数、集合名词、复数人称代词或I和you 等;
2.祈使句中以动词原形开头或“Don’t+动词原形”中;
3.位于一般将来时中,be going to或will 后;
4.位于情态动词及其否定形式后;
5.位于助动词(do/does/did)及其否定形式后;
6.位于使役动词(let/make/have)的宾语后。
锦囊2:变单三(一般现在时中)
1.一般现在时中,a/an/one/this/that+可数名词单数作主语时;
2.不可数名词作主语时;
3.第三人称单数he, she, it作主语时;
4.单个人名、地名或称呼等作主语时;
5.复合不定代词(every系列/some系列/any系列/no系列)、疑问代词作主语时;
6.非谓语动词(不定式或动名词)作主语时。
锦囊3:变过去式
1. 根据上下文或全文时态判断;
2.主从句时态一致,当主句为过去的某种时态时,从句通常也用过去的时态;
3.有明显表示过去时间的标志词,如:yesterday, just now, two days ago, last night week/month/year等。
锦囊4:变过去分词
1.用于各种时态的被动语态中,主语为动作的承受者;
2. 用于现在完成时或过去完成时中:have/has/had (not)+done。
锦囊5:变现在分词
用于现在/过去进行时(am/is/are/was/were+doing)结构中。
考点一 动词分类与辨析
定义:动词是表示人或事物动作和状态的词。按照其语法功能,动词分为行为动词、系动词、助动词及情态动词四类。行为动词又叫实义动词,分为及物动词和不及物动词。
实义动词(及物动词和不及物动词), 连系动词be,feel,look,taste,smell等,助动词do/does/did和have/has及情态动词can,must,may等用法。
类别
功能和用法
例子
行为
动词
1.及物动词,本身含有实在意义,表示动作或状态,在句中能独立作谓语,可以接宾语。
afford, buy, enjoy, keep
2.不及物动词,在句中能独立作谓语。不可以直接接宾语,需要加适当的介词。
arrive, cry, die, fall
连系
动词
本身有一定的词义,但词义不完整,不能单独作谓语,
必须与表语一起构成谓语。
be,smell,look,taste
助动词
本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语,表示时态、语态、否定、疑问等。
do,does,will,shall
情态
动词
本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语,表示说话人的语气和情态,没有人称和数的变化。
may, must,can, need
1. 及物动词和不及物动词
可以直接跟宾语的动词称为及物动词。
可分为跟单宾语的及物动词、跟双宾语的及物动词、跟复合宾语(即宾语+宾补)的及物动词等。
及物动词
用法
例句
跟单宾语的
及物动词
其后只跟一个宾语
I love China.
我爱中国。
跟双宾语的
及物动词
可同时跟两个宾语。
双宾语中一个宾语指人,称为间接宾语;一个宾语指物,称为直接宾语。
通常间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后。直接宾语提前时,后面需加介词。
Please give me that pen.
=Please give that pen to me.
请把那支笔给我。
跟复合宾语的
及物动词
(跟名词、形容词、不定式等做宾补)
We call him Xiao Wang.(名词作宾补)
我们叫他小王。
Keep the window open.(形容词作宾补)
让窗户开着。
I left a case on the train.(介词短语作宾补)
我把一个箱子落在火车上了。
Don't keep me waiting.(动名词作宾补)
表达持续的动作或状态。
My mother asks me to get up early.(不定式作宾补)
我妈妈让我早点起床。
Don’t keep your children watching TV all the time.(现在分词作宾补)
不要让你的孩子一直在看电视。
I must get my bicycle fixed.(过去分词作宾补)
我得让人修理一下我的自行车了。
不及物动词,本身意义完整,后面不必跟宾语的实义动词,叫作不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如:
Birds can fly. 鸟会飞。
She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨晚的会上发了言。
常见的不及物动词
agree 同意
arrive 到达
come 来
die 死
exist 存在
fall 掉下
spread 传开
happen 发生
lie 平躺
stay 待
walk 走
rise 升起
remain 剩下
consist 由……组成
go 去
lie 位于,在于
laugh 大笑
snow 下雪
live 居住
think 想
hope 希望
2. 系动词
系动词又称连系动词,是连接主语和表语的动词,后面一般跟形容词、名词等,说明主语的性质、特征、状态、身份、变化和结果等。
类别
系动词
示例
状态类
用来表示主语状态,只有be动词(am/is/ are/ was/ were)。
Jenny is a helpful girl.珍妮是一个乐于助人的女孩。
It was so hot on the slow train.慢速的火车太热了。
持续类
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,
主要有keep, stay, remain, lie等。
She keeps fit by walking after supper every day.
她每天晚饭后通过走路来保持健康。
He always keeps silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
感官类
表示人类感官活动的动词(视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉),
包括look, smell,sound, taste,feel。
The flower smells good.花闻起来很香。
This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布摸起来很软。
变化类
表示主语变成什么样,
主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run等。
He became mad after that.自那之后,他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。
表象类
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有appear, seem, look。
He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
常用系动词
词义
例句
be
是
I’m a girl with short hair.
become
成为,变得
Mike becomes interested in Chinese.
turn
变得
Mr. White’s face turned red.
get
变得
The weather is getting bad.
smell
闻起来
The flowers smell nice.
sound
听起来
The plan sounds good.
taste
尝起来
The soup tastes delicious.
stay
保持
The shop stays open till 8 pm.
grow
成长,变得
Her hair is growing white.
keep
保持
The girl keeps silent all the time.
feel
感到,摸起来
The coat feels very soft
look
看起来
My mother looks very young.
注意
1.连系动词不能单独作谓语,其后必须接形容词、名词或介词短语作表语
2.含连系动词(be除外)的句子变疑问句时一定要借助助动词do,does,did等
3. 情态动词
情态动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,需和实义动词或系表结构一起构成谓语,表明说话者对某一行为的态度和观点,主要包括揣测、判断、需要、可能、各种意愿等。
情态动词无人称和数的变化(have to 除外);情态动词后必须接动词原形。
主要的情态动词有:can,may,must,need,would,could,might,dare等。
情态
动词
意义及用法
例句
may
表示“请求许可”,意思是“可以,可能”,
其一般疑问句的否定回答为mustn’t。
—May I go out and play football?
—No,you mustn’t.
表推测,意思是“可能”。
Mr.Li may be at home.
can
(could)
表示“能力”,意思是“能,会”,
否定形式为can’t,couldn’t。
Mike can speak a little Chinese.
I could ride the bike when I was 6 years old.
用在疑问句中,表示“征求意见”,
could比can的语气更委婉、客气。
Could you tell me something about your school?
表推测,常用在否定句和疑问句中。
He can’t be at home. He has gone to Japan.
can用于一般现在时及一般过去时两种时态,be able to可以用于各种时态。
He can spell these words.
He has been able to draw pictures already.
must
表示义务、命令或要求,意为“必须,应该”,否定形式为mustn’t,意为“不应该,不允许”,表示警告。
You must be careful next time.
You mustn’t take photos here.
表示推测,意为“必定”。
He must be in the room.
表示说话人的主观看法。
I must go home now.
must引导的一般疑问句,
肯定回答时用must,have to;
否定回答时用needn’t或don’t have to。
—Must I finish the homework today?
—No,you needn’t/you don’t have to.
need
表示“需要”,多用于否定句。
He needn’t worry about it.
作实义动词,后接动词不定式。
I’m very tired and I need to have a rest.
情态动词的重点和难点是:
情态动词之间的区别;表示“推测”的表达方式;以及“情态动词+have+过去分词”的含义。
4. 助动词
助动词本身没有词意,或者意义不完全,不能单独作谓语。
只能和别的动词一起在句子中作谓语,帮助动词构成各种时态、语态等及否定、疑问、强调等。
主要的助动词有:be,do,have,shall,will等。
句中有动词原形用do/does/did;无动词原形用be;现在完成时用have / has;过去完成时用had。
(1)助动词be的用法:
be 用作助动词时,有人称、数和时态等的变化,可与现在分词构成进行时态,与过去分词构成被动语态。
be用法
例句
构成现在进行时、过去进行时。
Jane is doing a project about family history.
简正在做一项有关家族史的项目。
构成现在/过去某种时态的被动语态。
The earliest kites were made of wood,instead of paper.
最早的风筝是用木头做的,而不是用纸做的。
(2) 助动词do的用法:
助动词do主要帮助实义动词构成否定句和疑问句。有时可以放在谓语动词前面起强调的作用,还可以代替前面刚出现过的动词以避免重现。do的第三人称单数是does,过去时是did。
do用法
例句
构成疑问句
Do you want to pass the CET?你想通过大学英语测试吗?
Did you study German?你们学过德语吗?
构成否定句
Don't judge a book by its cover.不要以貌取人。
I do not want to be criticized.我不想被批评。
表示强调
Do come to the party tomorrow evening.明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
代替上文出现过的词,避免重复
He works harder than you do.他工作比你工作努力。
I like coffee,but my parents don’t.我喜欢喝咖啡,但我的父母不喜欢。
(3)助动词have的用法:
助动词have在句中有人称、数和时态的变化,主要是与动词的过去分词构成完成时态。
He has phoned me about your coming.他已经打电话把你要来的事告诉我了。(现在完成时)
I told him I was playing for school team and I had been his fan for years.(过去时和现在完成时)
我告诉他我是学校球队的队员,多年来我一直是他的粉丝。
(4)will、would、shall、should的用法
will、shall用于构成一般将来时,would、should用于构成过去将来时;
shall、should主要用于第一人称;will、would可用于所有人称。
You will have an English test tomorrow.明天你有英语小测验。
They said it would be fine the next day.他们说第二天会好起来的。
When shall I see you again?我何时再见到你?
I thought I should finish the work by Friday.我想我应该在星期五之前完成工作。
【易错提醒】
1. 不及物动词不能直接跟宾语,需要加上相应的介词才能跟宾语,不及物动词不能用于被动语态。
2. 如talk to /with sb(与某人交谈),think about sth(思考某事), dream of sth.(梦想某事)。
3. 有些动词可以跟同源宾语如,dream a good/bad dream; live a comfortable life过着舒适的生活。
4. 3.有些动词表达动作事实是及物动词,如sell, lock, wash, write, spread; 表示性质特点时为不及物动词。
5. The books have been sold out.(vt.)这些书已经卖完了。
6. The book sells well.(vi.)这本书很畅销。
7. You don’t have to write these things in detail. (vt.)你不必详细地写这些东西。
8. The pen writes smoothly. (vi.)这支笔写起来很流利。
一、单项选择
1.(2025·天津·中考真题)When David sees these postcards, he will ________ his wonderful travel experiences.
A.remember B.borrow C.hate D.trust
【答案】A
【详解】句意:当大卫看到这些明信片时,他就会想起自己那美妙的旅行经历。
考查动词辨析。remember记得;borrow借;hate讨厌;trust信任。根据“When David sees these postcards, he will ... his wonderful travel experiences.”可知,当大卫看到这些明信片时,他就会想起自己那美妙的旅行经历。故选A。
2.(2025·山东东营·中考真题)“Tom, stop it! Don’t let your phone ______ our family time!” Dad warned at dinner.
A.hide B.save C.steal D.borrow
【答案】C
【详解】句意:“汤姆,住手!别让你的手机占用我们的家庭时光!”爸爸在晚饭时警告道。
考查动词辨析。hide隐藏;save节省;steal偷窃;borrow借。根据“Don’t let your phone…our family time”可知,此处指手机占用家庭相处的时间,steal可引申为“占用”,故选C。
3.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)And I ________ you should try the colour therapy. Colours have amazing power.
A.support B.suggest C.imagine D.introduce
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我建议你应该试试色彩疗法。颜色有惊人的力量。
考查动词辨析。support支持;suggest建议;imagine想象;introduce介绍。根据“you should try the colour therapy”可知,建议试试色彩疗法,此处为提出建议。故选B。
4.(2025·湖北武汉·中考真题)—Why do you often wear white clothes in summer?
—Clothes of this color ________ the heat, so I don’t feel that hot.
A.spread B.reflect C.increase D.bring
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你为什么夏天经常穿白色的衣服?——这种颜色的衣服能反射热量,所以我不觉得那么热。
考查动词辨析。spread传播;reflect反射;increase增加;bring带来。根据“the heat, so I don’t feel that hot.”可知可以反射热量,所以不觉得热。故选B。
5.(2025·江苏淮安·一模)—______ you free this weekend?
—Yes, but I need to look after my little sister.
A.Do B.Are C.Did D.Will
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——这周末你有空吗?——是的,但是我需要照顾我的小妹妹。
考查be动词。此处是结构be free“有空”,变一般疑问句时把be动词提前。故选B。
6.(2025·安徽芜湖·三模)—Which coat do you prefer?
—The black one. It ________ more comfortable.
A.tastes B.smells C.feels D.sounds
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你更喜欢哪件外套?——黑色的那件。它摸起来更舒服。
考查感官动词辨析。tastes尝起来;smells闻起来;feels摸起来,感觉;sounds听起来。根据语境可知,此处是在描述外套摸起来的感觉,所以应该用feels。故选C。
7.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)Hey, Julie. I’ve had a problem recently. ________ you help me?
A.Can B.Must C.Should D.May
【答案】A
【详解】句意:嘿,朱莉。我最近遇到一个问题。你能帮我吗?
考查情态动词辨析。Can能、可以,表示请求许可或能力;Must必须,表示强制或义务;Should应该,表示建议或责任;May可以,表示请求许可,语气较正式。此处是请求对方提供帮助,用“Can”更符合日常口语中的请求语境。故选A。
8.(2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题)—________ we make a meal for our grandparents on Double Ninth Festival?
—Good idea. Let’s do it right now.
A.Must B.Will C.Could D.Shall
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——我们要不要在重阳节为祖父母做顿饭?——好主意。我们现在就做吧。
考查情态动词。must必须;will将;could能够;shall将会。根据“Good idea.”可知,对方是在提出建议,shall用于第一人称we或I,表示提出建议或征求意见,符合语境。故选D。
二、完成句子
1.(2023·上海·中考真题)The tourists visited the exhibition of Chinese paper cutting last week. (改为一般疑问句)
the tourists the exhibition of Chinese paper cutting last week?
【答案】 Did visit
【详解】句意:上周游客参观了中国剪纸展。句子是一般过去时,变疑问句时借助助动词did,后加动词原形visit。故填Did;visit。
2.(2023·重庆·中考真题)Tina finishes her homework before 6 o’clock every day.(改为否定句)
Tina her homework before 6 o’clock every day.
【答案】 doesn’t finish
【详解】句意:蒂娜每天6点前完成家庭作业。根据“finishes”可知变否定句时借助助动词doesn’t,后加动词原形。故填doesn’t;finish。
考点二 动词的基本形式
动词有五种基本形式,即动词原形、现在分词、一般现在时的第三人称单数、过去式和过去分词。
动词原形,没有经过任何变形,即在词典词目中所使用的动词形式。如:be, do, have, come等 。
1. 动词第三人称单数形式变化规则
规则
示例
一般情况下加-s
help→helps
sit→sits坐
know→knows知道
play→plays玩
read→reads阅读
以字母s,x,ch,sh结尾的动词,加-es
pass→passes通过
watch→watches
finish→finishes完成
以字母o结尾的动词加-es
do→does做;干
go→goes去;走
以“辅音字母+-y”结尾的动词,
变y为i再加-es
carry→carries携带
study→studies学习
worry→worries担心
2. 动词现在分词变化规则
规则
示例
一般情况下直接加-ing
sleep→sleeping睡觉 buy→buying购买
以不发音的e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-ing
write→writing写 use→using使用
以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音 字母的动词,双写词尾辅音字母后再加-ing
sit→sitting开始 put→putting放
以ie结尾的动词,先变ie为y,再加-ing
die→dying死 lie→lying躺
以ee结尾的动词,直接加-ing
see→seeing看见
以w或x结尾的动词,直接加-ing
snow→snowing下雪
3. 动词过去式,过去分词变化规则
规则
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
一般情况下,动词原形后加-ed
look
looked
looked
help
helped
helped
work
worked
worked
动词词尾为不发音的字母e,加-d
like
liked
liked
hope
hoped
hoped
live
lived
lived
动词词尾为“辅音字母+y”,
变y为i, 再加-ed
try
tried
tried
study
studied
studied
cry
cried
cried
以重读闭音节结尾,
且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,
则双写该辅音字母后加-ed
plan
planned
planned
stop
stopped
stopped
nod
nodded
nodded
一、单项选择
1.(2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题)—How about climbing Donghua Mountain this weekend?
—Sounds great. Then a pair of comfortable sports shoes ________ necessary.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——这周末去爬东华山怎么样?——听起来不错。那么一双舒适的运动鞋是必要的。
考查主谓一致和时态。根据“How about climbing Donghua Mountain this weekend”可知,此处需要用一般现在时表客观事实,排除BD;题干中“a pair of comfortable sports shoes”是单数主语(核心词是pair),需用单数谓语动词is。故选A。
二、单词拼写
2.(2025·江苏淮安·中考真题)Last week, we (watch) a fashion show in the school hall.
【答案】watched
【详解】句意:上周,我们在学校礼堂看了一场时装秀。根据“Last week”以及句子结构可知,此处表示过去发生的动作,使用一般过去时,watch的过去式为watched。故填watched。
3.(2025·西藏·中考真题)We (talk) about saving water and electricity now.
【答案】are talking
【详解】句意:我们正在谈论关于节约水电的事。talk“谈论,交谈”。根据时间状语“now”可知,本句时态为现在进行时态,肯定句的结构为“am/is/are+动词的现在分词”。本句主语“We”为第一人称复数,be动词用“are”,talk“谈论,交谈”,其现在分词形式为“talking”。故填are talking。
4.(2025·江苏扬州·中考真题)Recently, more and more people have to visit Yangzhou during holidays. (choose)
【答案】chosen
【详解】句意:最近,越来越多的人选择在假期游览扬州。choose“选择”。根据“Recently, more and more people have”可知,空格处需填入动词的过去分词形式,与have构成现在完成时(have + 过去分词)。choose的过去分词形式为chosen。故填chosen。
5.(2025·四川达州·一模)We were told that many computers in our school had been (steal) last night.
【答案】stolen
【详解】句意:我们被告知我们学校的许多电脑昨晚被偷了。分析句子可知此处应为动词过去分词,与had been共同构成过去完成时的被动语态;动词steal "偷" 的过去分词为stolen,故填stolen。
6.(2025·上海·模拟预测)Betty has sports in the gym with her classmates every day. (改为一般疑问句)
Betty sports in the gym with her classmates every day?
【答案】 Does have
【详解】句意:贝蒂每天和同学们在体育馆进行体育活动。原句是一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,助动词用does,后跟动词原形have。故填Does;have。
考点三 动词短语
动词短语是由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的词组,其作用和动词差不多。
类别
实例
动词+副词
add up
加起来
break out
爆发
carry on
坚持下去;继续下去
change into
转换成;变成
clean up
清除;收拾干净
clear up
整理,收拾;(天气)放晴
come back
回来;想起来
come down
落下来
come in
进入,进来
cut down
砍倒
cut off
切断
cut up
切碎
eat up
吃光,吃完
fall behind
落在……后面;输给别人
find out
发现;查明
get along
取得进展
get together
聚会,联欢
get up
起床
give away
分发;赠送
give back
归还,送回
give in
屈服
give out
分发;用完,耗尽
give up
放弃
go ahead
继续
go away
走开,离去
go on
继续
grow up
长大成人,成长
hand in
上交;交纳
hand out
分发
hold on
坚持;(打电话)别挂断
keep on
继续(进行)
let in
让……进来,放进
look ahead
向前看
look up
查找
pay back
偿还(借款等)
pick up
拾起,捡起;开车接;学会
point out
指出,标明
put off
推迟
put on
穿;戴上;上演
put up
举起;张贴
start off
出发
stay up
熬夜
take off
脱下;起飞
turn down
声音调小
turn in
上交
turn off
关闭
wake up
唤醒,醒来
watch out
当心
work out
计算出动
动词+介词
agree with
赞同,同意(某人的看法)
arrive at/in
到达
ask for
请求;询问
base on
以……为依据
belong to
属于
break into
破门而入
call for
需要;呼吁
care for
在乎,关心
come from
来自……
deal with
处理;对付
depend on/upon
依靠;相信;依赖
get over
克服
get to
到达……
go by
走过,经过
go over
仔细检查;复习
knock at
敲
laugh at
嘲笑……
learn from
向……学习
look after
照顾
look at
看……,观看……
look for
寻找
look like
看起来像
pass by
经过
point to
指向……
quarrel with
(和某人)争吵
stand for
代表(某事物);支持
stick to
坚持
talk about
谈论,议论
think about
考虑
think of
想起,想出;认为
wait for
等待
动词+副词+介词
add up to
加起来总计
catch up with
赶上
come up with
想出
get along with
相处
go on with
继续进行
keep away from
远离
keep up with
跟上;和……保持联系
look down on/upon
看不起
look forward to
盼望
look out of
朝……外看
make up of
由……组成,构成
run out of
耗尽
【易错提醒】
1. 对于动词+副词类的短语,如果是名词作宾语,那么这个名词既可以放在短语之间也可以放在短语的后面,但是如果是代词作宾语,则代词一定要放在短语之间。例:
He turned off all the lights when he left. 当他离开时,他关上了所有的灯。
He picked it up and gave it to me. 他捡起它,然后把它交给了我。
一、完成句子
1.(2025·天津·中考真题)你可以给秋天的树叶拍照。
You can of autumn leaves.
【答案】 take photos/pictures
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,空格处为“拍照”take photos/pictures。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填take;photos/pictures。
2.(2025·天津·中考真题)马丁假期经常外出放松自己。
Martin often to relax himself during holidays.
【答案】 goes out
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,空格处为“外出”go out。根据“Martin often”可知,句子时态为一般现在时,主语为三单,故谓语动词应用三单形式。故填goes;out。
3.(2025·天津·中考真题)这周五贝蒂要和姑姑一起吃晚饭。
Betty will with her aunt this Friday.
【答案】 have dinner
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,空格处为“吃晚饭”have dinner,will后接动词原形。故填have;dinner。
4.(2025·重庆·中考真题)面对困难, 我们应该永不放弃。(完成译句)
We should never in the face of difficulties.
【答案】 give up
【详解】放弃:give up,情态动词后加动词原形。故填give;up。
5.(2025·天津·模拟预测)托尼正在考虑是否加入学校的音乐社团。
Tony is whether he will join the Music Club or not.
【答案】 thinking about
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“考虑”。“考虑、思考”在英文中常用短语“think about”表达,此处用现在进行时。故填thinking;about。
1、 单项选择
1.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)You’re welcome! ________ you good luck!
A.Give B.Make C.Hope D.Wish
【答案】D
【详解】句意:不客气!祝你好运!
考查动词辨析。Give给;Make使,制造;Hope希望;Wish祝愿。根据“you good luck!”可知,此处是wish sb sth“祝愿某人某事”。故选D。
2.(2025·湖北武汉·中考真题)—Who is________ the way in the race?
—Xiaoming. He runs the fastest in our class.
A.watching B.planning C.leading D.showing
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——谁在比赛中领先?——小明。他在我们班跑得最快。
考查动词辨析。watching观看;planning计划;leading领先,领路;showing展示。根据“…the way in the race”及“He runs the fastest”可知,此处指在比赛中处于领先地位。故选C。
3.(2025·江西·中考真题)Mozart ______ many pieces of beautiful music. That’s why he is so famous.
A.enjoyed B.created C.bought D.heard
【答案】B
【详解】句意:莫扎特创作许多美妙的音乐作品。这就是他如此出名的原因。
考查动词辨析。enjoyed 享受;created 创作;bought 购买;heard 听到。根据“...many pieces of beautiful music. That’s why he is so famous.”可知,莫扎特是因为创作音乐而出名,故选B。
4.(2025·安徽·中考真题)Paper-cutting is not easy to learn. It ________ much practice, patience and imagination.
A.explains B.supports C.provides D.requires
【答案】D
【详解】句意:剪纸并不容易学。它需要大量的练习、耐心和想象力。
考查动词辨析。explains解释;supports支持;provides提供;requires需要,要求。根据“Paper-cutting is not easy to learn. It...much practice, patience and imagination.”可知,学习剪纸需要大量的练习、耐心和想象力。故选D。
5.(2025·云南·中考真题)—Linda, can you do housework?
—Yes, I________. I learned to cook at the age of eight.
A.must B.can C.should D.need
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——琳达,你会做家务吗?——是的,我会。我八岁时就学会做饭了。
考查情态动词。must必须;can能;should应该;need需要。根据“can you do housework”以及“I learned to cook at the age of eight”可知,应作肯定回答,表示会做家务,需用对应情态动词回答。故选B。
6.(2025·江苏连云港·中考真题)New types of energy from the sun, wind and water ________ little pollution and will never run out.
A.burn B.recycle C.separate D.produce
【答案】D
【详解】句意:来自太阳、风能和水能的新型能源几乎不会产生污染,而且永远不会耗尽。
考查动词辨析。burn燃烧;recycle回收;separate分开;produce产生。根据“little pollution and will never run out.”可知新型能源几乎不会产生污染。故选D。
7.(2023·湖北孝感·中考真题)—Daniel, try this strawberry cake.
—It ________ delicious. I’d like to have some more.
A.smells B.feels C.tastes D.looks
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——Daniel,尝尝这个草莓蛋糕。——它尝起来很美味。我还想再吃一些。
考查感官动词辨析。smells闻起来;feels感觉;tastes尝起来;looks看起来。It指代上一句中的strawberry cake,结合delicious可知,草莓蛋糕尝起来美味,故选C。
8.(2025·吉林长春·三模)After lots of practice, neither Susan nor I ______ afraid of giving a speech in public now.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
【答案】A
【详解】句意:经过多次练习后,现在苏珊和我都不会害怕在公众场合演讲了。
考查主谓一致。am是,用于主语为第一人称单数I时;is是,用于主语为第三人称单数时;are是,用于主语为复数或第二人称you时;be是动词原形。本句的主语是“neither Susan nor I”,根据“neither...nor...”连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”,即与离谓语动词最近的主语保持一致,在本句中离谓语动词最近的主语是“I”,所以谓语动词应用am。故选A。
9.(2025·湖北武汉·模拟预测)—How do I know if the mango is ready?
—Just press into it gently with your finger! If it ________ soft, you can eat it.
A.looks B.tastes C.sounds D.feels
【答案】D
【详解】句意:—我怎么知道芒果熟了?——用你的手指轻轻按一下!如果它摸起来软了,你就可以吃了。
考查动词辨析。looks看起来;tastes尝起来;sounds听起来;feels摸起来。根据“Just press into it gently with your finger”可知是通过触摸来判断芒果是否熟了,故选D。
10.(2025·天津·模拟预测)—I wonder whether the man sitting in front of us is your manager or not.
—It ________ be him. He has gone to Shanghai on business.
A.must B.mustn’t C.can D.can’t
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——想知道坐在我们前面的那个人是不是你的经理。—不可能是他。他已经去上海出差了。
考查情态动词辨析。must必须;mustn’t禁止;can能;can’t不可能。根据“He has gone to Shanghai on business.”可知,这里需要一个表示否定推测的词,can’t符合语境,说明因为经理出差了,所以前面的人不可能是他。故选D。
二、单词拼写
1.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)My little sister w (想知道) when the green leaves will come out.
【答案】wonders/onders
【详解】句意:我的小妹妹想知道绿叶什么时候长出来。根据汉语提示及首字母w可知,此处用wonder表示;句子是一般现在时,主语“My little sister”是第三人称单数,故动词用第三人称单数形式wonders。故填wonders。
2.(2025·四川眉山·中考真题)As a stamp lover, Xiao Ning has c plenty of special stamps over these years.
【答案】(c)ollected
【详解】句意:作为邮票爱好者,小宁在这些年来收集了许多特殊邮票。根据首字母提示和“plenty of special stamps”可知,需要一个过去分词构成完成时态,此处是“收集邮票”,collected符合句意,故填(c)ollected。
3.(2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测)Every time we Chinese need help in a foreign country, at our back always (stand) a strong motherland.
【答案】stands
【详解】句意:每当我们中国人在国外需要帮助的时候,我们的背后都有一个强大的祖国。根据题意可知此处是倒装句,主语是a strong motherland,这里是一般现在时态,谓语动词变第三人称单数,stand是动词,表示站立,故填stands。
4.(2025·山东日照·中考真题)I (借) the book to Ted last week, but he hasn’t returned it yet.
【答案】lent
【详解】句意:我上周把书借给了Ted,但他还没有归还。根据中文提示可知,此处表示“借”,用lend表示,lend sth. to sb.“把某物借给某人”,固定搭配;根据“last week”可知,句子是一般过去时,谓语动词用其过去式。故填lent。
5.(2023·江苏扬州·中考真题)It seems that families are more and more time together. (spend)
【答案】spending
【详解】句意:似乎家人在一起的时间越来越多了。spend“花(时间)”,空处应填spend的现在分词与are构成现在进行时结构,故填spending。
三、完成句子
1.(2025·天津南开·三模)我想查明谁打碎了玻璃。
I want to who broke the window.
【答案】 find out
【详解】根据汉语提示可知,空格处需填写find out“查明”,为动词短语;want to do sth.“想要做某事”,为固定搭配,to后需跟动词原形。故填find;out。
2.(2025·广东广州·二模)去年,我们全家参加了社区的“家庭悦读”的活动。
Last year, our family the “Family Reading” activity in the community.
【答案】 took part in
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,句中缺少“参加”的英文内容,“参加”英文表达为“take part in”,用于参与某项活动并在其中发挥作用,“家庭悦读”是社区组织的特定活动,因此使用“take part in”。“Last year”表明句子是一般过去时态,谓语动词要用过去式。“take”的过去式是“took”,故填took;part;in。
3.(2025·重庆北碚·三模)他昨天很兴奋,因为他收到了他父亲的信。
He was excited yesterday, because he his father.
【答案】 heard from
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,句中缺少“收到……的来信”hear from sb.;根据“yesterday”可知,句子时态为一般过去时,所以hear变为过去式heard。故填heard;from。
4.(2025·天津南开·三模)政府建立了自然公园。
The government nature parks.
【答案】 set up
【详解】set up“建立”,句子表达过去的事情,用一般过去时,set的过去式为set。故填set;up。
5.(2025·天津南开·三模)结果将取决于你自己的选择。
The result will your personal choice.
【答案】 depend on
【详解】根据汉语可知,depend on“取决”,动词短语;will为情态动词,后跟动词原形。故填depend;on。
6.(2025·天津·模拟预测)只要努力,我们的梦想一定能实现。
As long as we work hard, our dreams will one day.
【答案】 come true
【详解】根据中英文对比可知,英文句子中缺少“实现”的英文表达,可用come true,其主语是“物”。根据空前的“will”可知,后面须接动词原形。故填come;true。
7.(2025·贵州·模拟预测)端午节期间你会做什么?快来和我们分享吧!
What will you do during the Dragon Boat Festival? Come and us!
【答案】 share with
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,share with sb表示“和某人分享”,此处是祈使句,动词用原形。故填share;with。
8.(2025·天津南开·三模)你应该每天交作业。
You should your homework every day.
【答案】 hand in
【详解】句意:你应该每天交作业。根据“You should…your homework every day.”可知,此处需要表示“上交”的短语,hand in表示“上交”符合语境,且should后接动词原形。故填hand;in。
四、完形填空
(2025·江苏镇江·中考真题)
阅读下面短文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。
“Aim for the moon and even if you miss, you will land among the stars” is a common saying. It shows that we shouldn’t be afraid to fail and should try to be 1 . In this way, we can stay in a 2 place than where we start, even if we fail. Many great people in the world love fighting for excellence. One of them is the famous biologist—Tong Dizhou, the father of China’s clone (克隆).
Tong came from a poor family in Zhejiang Province and didn’t go to high school until 17. So he became the oldest student in the class. What was worse, he faced the 3 of being not allowed to continue his study because he couldn’t catch up with others. 4 , he didn’t give up. He studied hard and managed to take the lead among his classmates. 5 , he graduated with the highest grade.
Tong is remembered and 6 for the outstanding achievement of cross-species cloning in fish. In 1963, Tong produced the world’s first cloned fish. Ten years later, Tong 7 the first cross-species cloned fish. In the whole process, challenges and failures didn’t prevent him. Thanks to his pioneering research, Chinese scientists developed fish-breeding skills. Now China produces more than half of the world’s aquaculture (水产养殖) harvest.
Should we “aim for the moon” or 8 aim for what is easily achieved? Tong gave us a good 9 . He shows us that working towards excellence despite the failure can be a stepping stone to great success. Nowadays, many young people fear failure. They prefer to take an easier path. They 10 taking on challenges and are easily beaten by stress. Actually, fighting for excellence and not being afraid of failure can help people better themselves.
1.A.generous B.excellent C.modest D.organized
2.A.warmer B.tidier C.higher D.quieter
3.A.decision B.secret C.risk D.purpose
4.A.Moreover B.However C.Otherwise D.Also
5.A.In general B.As usual C.Above all D.As a result
6.A.respected B.required C.changed D.compared
7.A.drew B.bought C.created D.caught
8.A.closely B.widely C.suddenly D.simply
9.A.speech B.answer C.help D.reason
10.A.avoid B.continue C.practice D.suggest
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.A
【导语】本文讲述了追求卓越的重要性,并通过中国著名生物学家童第周的故事来说明这一观点。
1.句意:这表明我们不应该害怕失败,应该努力做到优秀。
generous慷慨的;excellent优秀的;modest谦虚的;organized有条理的。根据“Aim for the moon and even if you miss, you will land among the stars”可知,志存高远,即便没有达到目标,也会置身于群星之中,说明我们不应该害怕失败,要努力做到优秀。故选B。
2.句意:这样,即使我们失败了,我们也能待在比我们开始时更高的地方。
warmer更暖和的;tidier更整洁的;higher更高的;quieter更安静的。根据“even if you miss, you will land among the stars”可知,即便没有达到目标,也会置身于群星之中,说明即便失败了,也能待在比开始时更高的地方。故选C。
3.句意:更糟糕的是,他面临着因为赶不上别人而不被允许继续学习的风险。
decision决定;secret秘密;risk风险;purpose目的。根据“being not allowed to continue his study because he couldn’t catch up with others”可知,因为赶不上别人而不被允许继续学习,这是他面临的风险。故选C。
4.句意:然而,他没有放弃。
Moreover而且;However然而;Otherwise否则;Also也。根据“he faced the…of being not allowed to continue his study because he couldn’t catch up with others”和“he didn’t give up”可知,前后句为转折关系,故用However。故选B。
5.句意:结果,他以最优异的成绩毕业。
In general通常;As usual像往常一样;Above all最重要的是;As a result结果。根据“He studied hard and managed to take the lead among his classmates”和“he graduated with the highest grade”可知,他努力学习,在同学中名列前茅,结果以最优异的成绩毕业。故选D。
6.句意:童以鱼类跨物种克隆的杰出成就而被人们铭记和尊敬。
respected尊敬;required要求;changed改变;compared比较。根据“Tong is remembered and…for the outstanding achievement of cross-species cloning in fish”可知,童以鱼类跨物种克隆的杰出成就而被人们铭记和尊敬。故选A。
7.句意:十年后,童创造了第一条跨物种克隆鱼。
drew画;bought买;created创造;caught抓住。根据“Tong produced the world’s first cloned fish”和“the first cross-species cloned fish”可知,童创造了第一条跨物种克隆鱼。故选C。
8.句意:我们应该“志存高远”,还是仅仅追求容易实现的目标?
closely紧密地;widely广泛地;suddenly突然地;simply仅仅。根据“aim for what is easily achieved”可知,是仅仅追求容易实现的目标。故选D。
9.句意:童给了我们一个很好的答案。
speech演讲;answer答案;help帮助;reason原因。根据“Should we ‘aim for the moon’ or…aim for what is easily achieved”和“He shows us that working towards excellence despite the failure can be a stepping stone to great success”可知,童给了我们一个很好的答案,即尽管失败,也要追求卓越,这是通往伟大成功的垫脚石。故选B。
10.句意:他们避免接受挑战,很容易被压力打败。
avoid避免;continue继续;practice练习;suggest建议。根据“They prefer to take an easier path”和“are easily beaten by stress”可知,他们更喜欢走更容易的路,避免接受挑战,很容易被压力打败。故选A。
五、短文填空
(2025·江苏淮安·中考真题)
根据短文内容及所给首字母提示,写出所缺单词,使短文意思完整、通顺,每空一词。
Rabbits are small and cute animals with white fur, long ears and soft bodies. Many people keep one as a p 1 at home. But the rabbits in the wild are not the s 2 as those at home. The information below may help you know more about them.
What do wild rabbits e 3 ? You may think they like carrots best. However, they would rather choose green plants, such as grass and vegetables. Sometimes, they also eat crops, s 4 farmers may not welcome them.
Where do wild rabbits live? Most of them live in the fields, forests or grasslands. They are g 5 at digging holes. They dig underground holes which can provide space from enemies and bad weather. The holes can also be used to store food and raise the y 6 . Also, some wild rabbits may live in the bushes.
H 7 do wild rabbits keep safe? They have many enemies, such as foxes and snakes. To survive, they use clever tricks. For example, when other animals hunt them, they will run away in a special way, so they won’t be c 8 easily. Also, their special eyes allow them to notice d 9 from almost every direction. Though they are not very strong, their amazing abilities help them live through the hard conditions in nature.
There are also some fun facts about wild rabbits. Can you imagine they can j 10 as high as 2 metres? Their front teeth never stop growing, so they need to chew (咀嚼) every day to stop them from getting too long. Isn’t that amazing?
【答案】
1.(p)et 2.(s)ame 3.(e)at 4.(s)o 5.(g)ood 6.(y)oung 7.(H)ow 8.(c)aught 9.(d)anger/(d)angers 10.(j)ump
【导语】文介绍了野兔的生活习性、栖息地和自我保护方式等有趣知识。根据上下文和首字母提示,我们可以补全空缺的单词,使文章内容完整通顺。
1.句意: 许多人把它当作宠物养在家里。根据“Rabbits”和“keep one as a …”及首字母p可知,家养动物通常称为“宠物”(pet),a后跟单数名词。故填(p)et。
2.句意: 但野外的兔子与家养的兔子不一样。根据“not the …as...”及首字母s可知,此处两者不一样,用“not the same as”表示“和……不一样”,故填(s)ame。
3.句意: 野兔会吃什么?根据“What do wild rabbits … You may think they like carrots best”及首字母e可知,询问它们“吃”(eat)什么,助动词do后跟动词原形,故填(e)at。
4.句意: 它们有时也吃庄稼,所以农民可能不欢迎它们。根据“they also eat crops”和“farmers may not welcome them”及首字母s可知,前后为因果关系,后半句表结果,用so“所以”连接。故填(s)o。
5.句意: 它们擅长挖洞。根据“ar....at digging holes”及首字母g可知,此处指兔子擅长挖洞,固定搭配“be good at”表示“擅长”,故填(g)ood。
6.句意: 洞穴也可用于储存食物和养育幼崽。根据“raise the y…”及首字母y可知,养育对象应为“幼崽”(young),the+形容词表示“一类人”,故填(y)oung。
7.句意: 野兔如何保护自身安全?根据“keep safe”和“They have many enemies, such as foxes and snakes. To survive, they use clever tricks. ”及首字母H可知,此处是询问保护自己的方式,需用“How”,故填(H)ow。
8.句意: 例如,当其他动物猎杀它们时,它们会以一种特殊的方式逃跑,所以它们不会被轻易被抓住。根据“ they will run away in a special way, so they won’t be...”及首字母c可知,逃跑是为了不被抓住,catch“抓住”,be后应跟过去分词caught构成被动语态,故填(c)aught。
9.句意: 而且,它们的特殊眼睛能让它们察觉来自各个方向的危险(事物)。这里讲的是他们保护自己的方式,结合“notice d…”及首字母d可知,此处指它们的眼睛可以关注到周围的危险(事物),danger“危险;危险物;威胁”,既是可数名词又是不可数名词,当表示具体的 “危险的事物、威胁” 时,常以可数形式出现;当表示抽象的 “危险” 概念时,多为不可数 。这里两种均可,作可数名词时,需用复数形式。故填(d)anger/(d)angers。
10.句意: 你能想象它们能跳高达2米吗?根据“as high as 2 metres”及首字母j可知,此处指跳跃(jump)的高度,can后跟动词原形。故填(j)ump。
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