UNIT 3 Back to the past 单元知识回扣（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（译林版）

该高中英语单元复习讲义通过表格系统梳理核心词汇及词形变化，将44个单词按词性、释义分类呈现，用派生关系表归纳18组同根词，搭配思维导图梳理5个重点短语和2类核心句型，清晰呈现知识脉络与内在联系。 讲义亮点在于“语境化分层训练”设计，如“选用核心单词适当形式填空”“用所给词的适当形式填空”等题型，在语境中强化词汇运用与语法规则，培养语言能力和思维品质。基础题巩固知识，综合题提升迁移能力，助力教师实施精准分层教学，支持学生自主复习。

1．breadth n. 宽度；广泛 2．convince vt. 使确信，使相信；说服，劝说 3．voyage n. 航海，航行，航天 vi. 航行，远行 4．fleet n. 舰队；捕鱼船队；车队 5．load vt.&vt. 装上，装入 n. 负载；承载量；大量 6．log n. 航海日志，正式记录；原木 vi.&vt. 伐木 7．proof n. 证据，证明 8．insist vi.&vt. 坚决要求，坚持；坚持说 9．route n. 路线，路途；途径，渠道 10．leak vi. 漏，渗漏；渗入 vt. 漏，渗漏；泄露 n. 漏洞 11．panic n. 惊恐，恐慌 vi.&vt. (使)惊慌失措 12．regardless adj. 不顾，不加理会 13．shore n. 岸，滨 14．captain n. 船长，机长；上校；队长 15．kingdom n. 王国；管辖范围 16．royal adj. 盛大的，庄严的；皇家的，王室的 17．facilitate vt. 使便利，促进 18．available adj. 可获得的，可找到的；有空的 19．prison n. 监狱 20．phrase n. 成语，习语；短语，词组 21．format n. 总体安排，设计；版式 22．shelf n. (书架等的)架子，搁板 23．pack vt.&vi. 塞进，挤进；装(箱)，收拾；打包；包装 n. 包，包裹；小盒，小包 24．contrary adj. 相反的，相对立的；截然不同的 25．aboard prep.&adv. 在(车、船、飞机等)上，上(车、船、飞机等) 26．washroom n. 洗手间，厕所 27．uniform n. 制服；队服 adj. 一致的，统一的 28．dive vi. 俯冲；跳水；潜水 n. 冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水 29．thunder vi. 轰隆隆地响；打雷 n. 雷，雷声 30．meanwhile adv. 同时；其间；对比之下 31．drag vt. 拖，拉；缓慢而费力地移动 32．chaos n. 混乱，杂乱 33．navy n. 海军，海军部队 34．hatch vt. 密谋，策划；使孵出 vi. 孵化；孵出 35．plot n. 阴谋；故事情节 vi.&vt. 密谋 36．sink vi.&vt. 下沉，沉没；坐下；降低 37．memorial n. 纪念碑(或像等)；纪念物 38．pray vi.&vt. 企盼，祈求；祈祷，祷告 39．episode n. 一段经历，片段；一集 40．reform vt. 改进，改良，改革 n. 改革，改良 41．output n. 产量，输出量 42．cloth n. 织物，布料 43．shift n. 改变，转移；轮班 vi.&vt. (使)转移；改变 44．cottage n. 小屋，村舍 [对应训练] 选用本单元核心单词的适当形式填空 1．The captain of a sports team is the player who is the leader of it. 2．The royal family of a country refers to the king, queen, or emperor, and all the members of their family. 3．The plan is top­secret so you mustn't leak to anyone else. 4．She took out a map and showed us the shortest route to the park. 5．There's no point getting into a panic about the coming exams if you are well prepared. 6．These results are a further proof of his outstanding ability. 7．A shore is the land along the edge of the sea or ocean, a lake or another large area of water. 8．A fleet is a group of ships organized to do something together, for example to fight battles or to catch fish. 9．It takes a load off my mind to know you have come back safe and sound. 10．While I am willing to help, I do not have much time available. 11. A prison is a building where criminals are kept as punishment. 12．It is required that every student in our school should wear the school uniform. 13．A phrase refers to a group of words which have a particular meaning when used together. 14．The ship sank after hitting a huge iceberg, but fortunately, all the passengers aboard survived. 15．The man dived into the river immediately and saved the drowning boy. 16. The local government hopes that the new airport will facilitate the development of tourism. 17．I am firmly convinced of the significance of honesty, which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society. 1．strengthen vt.&vi.加强，增强→strength n．体力，力气；优势，优点；长处→strong adj.强壮的；强大的；强烈的；坚决的→strongly adv.强烈地；坚固地；强有力地 2．harmonious adj.友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的→harmony n．相处融洽，和谐 3．dismiss vt.不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散→dismissal n．解雇，开除，撤职；不予考虑，不予理会；摒弃；驳回(诉讼)；不予受理 4．acknowledge vt.承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢→acknowledgement n．承认；确认；感谢；收件复函 5．influential adj.有很大影响力的，有支配力的→influence n．影响，作用vt.影响，对……起作用 6．financial adj.财政的，金融的，财务的→finance n．财政；财政学；金融 7．depart vi.&vt.离开，起程→departure n．离开，起程；背离，违反 8．shortage n．不足，短缺→short adj.短的；矮的；短缺的，紧俏的→shorten vt.&vi.缩短，变短→shortly adv.不多时，不久 9．subsequent adj.随后的，后来的→subsequently adv.随后；后来 10．astonish vt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊→astonished adj.感到吃惊的，惊愕的→astonishing adj.令人吃惊的→astonishment n．惊讶；令人惊讶的事物 11．literary adj.文学的，文学上的；爱好文学的→literature n．文学 12．extensively adv.广阔地；广泛地→extend vt.持续；延伸→extension n．延长；延伸→extensive adj.广阔的，广大的；大量的 13．exceptional adj.杰出的，优秀的；异常的，罕见的→exception n．例外，一般情况以外的人(或事物)→exceptionally adv.极其，非常 14．adopt vt.采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养 vi.领养，收养→adopted adj.收养的，领养的→adoption n．采用，收养 15．comparison n．对比；比较→compare vt.比较；匹敌；比喻；相比 n．比较 16．violently adv.猛烈地，厉害地；强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地→violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的→violence n．暴力，暴行；狂热，激情 17．freeze vi.&vt.突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵→freezing adj.极冷的，严寒的→frozen adj.冷冻的，冻僵的 18．bleed vi.失血，流血→blood n．血，血液 [对应训练] 用所给词的适当形式填空 1．The exercises are designed to strengthen (strength) your stomach muscles. 2．The girl was so nervous on the stage that her hands shook violently (violent)． 3．The water was freezing (freeze) cold, but the young man jumped into it without a second thought. 4．It is difficult to make a comparison (compare) with her previous book—they are completely different. 5．Artificial intelligence had been applied extensively (extensive) in a lot of fields. 6．Exceptionally (exceptional) dry weather over the past year had cut agricultural production. 7．Mr Smith looked blank when he was informed of his dismissal (dismiss)． 8．She is one of the most influential (influence) figures in local politics. 9．Over the past forty years, China has enjoyed an astonishing (astonish) economic success. 10．Many companies are suffering from a shortage (short) of skilled staff. 11．His company is deeply troubled by the financial (finance) crisis. 12．These flowers are a small acknowledgement (acknowledge) of your great kindness. 1．on behalf of 代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了 2．regardless of 不管，不顾 3．allow for 使成为可能；考虑到，把……计算在内 4．sort out 理顺，整理；把……安排好 5．contrary to 与……相反 [对应训练] 选用本单元重点短语的适当形式填空 1．All applicants will be considered regardless of age, sex, religion or nationality. 2．Contrary to all our expectations, he found a well paid job. 3．On behalf of the staff, I wish to extend our warmest welcome to you. 1．before引导时间状语从句 It would take 500 years before a larger fleet sailed the seas (才有一支更大的舰队在海上航行)． 2．动词不定式短语作定语 Out of 37 sets of brothers, Russell and his brother were the only full pair to survive the attack (在袭击中幸存的)． [对应训练] 完成句子 1．She wanted me to wait two days before I gave the plan to you. 她让我等上两天再交给你们那个计划。 2．He was the only one to arrive late yesterday. 昨天他是唯一一位来晚的人。 用合适的引导词填空 I like reading very much. My classmates' question is 1.when I began to love reading. Actually, I loved reading as a child. I grew up in a college town and I spent all my summer vacations in the university. What I mean is 2.that I was surrounded by libraries and the people who loved to read. One of my hobbies was 3.that I went to the library to read every day. My love of reading was 4.because my parents only let me watch an hour of TV a day. I learned to entertain myself through my mind and imagination. This is 5.why literature became my vocation. Recently I have been reading a lot of multicultural women's legends. Jane Goodall went to Africa and studied chimps instead of going to university. She argued 6.that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment. After finishing her story, I still have some doubts 7.how she could achieve great success on her own in the forest. Lin Qiaozhi, a doctor, became a specialist in women's illness. The medical work of Chinese women and children is 8.what she devoted all her life to. 9.What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients. 10.Why she didn't choose to have a family of her own is clear to me now. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $