UNIT 2 Out of this world 单元知识回扣（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（译林版）

该高中英语单元复习讲义通过分类梳理与结构化呈现构建完整知识体系，核心单词按航天主题分类（如astronaut, gravity, orbit等），标注词性与多义释义；词形转换用表格展示词根词缀关系（如absence→absent, occupy→occupation）；重点短语按功能归类，句型模块归纳as引导让步状语从句等语法结构，清晰呈现知识脉络与内在联系。 讲义亮点在于“语境化分层训练”设计，如核心单词对应训练要求用astronaut等词填空，结合太空探索语境提升语言运用能力；词形转换题引导学生掌握构词规律，培养学习能力；语法填空短文围绕宇宙起源，综合词汇、语法与主题意义，助力思维品质发展。基础题巩固知识，综合题拓展深度，教师可实施分层教学，支持学生自主复习与高效提升。

1．astronaut n. 宇航员，航天员 2．gravity n. 重力，地球引力；严重性；严肃 3．cupboard n. 壁橱；橱柜，衣柜 4．ceiling n. 天花板；上限 5．bother vt. 使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰 vi. 花费时间精力(做某事) n. 麻烦，困难 6．mission n. 任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务 7．creature n. 动物，生物；人 8．microscope n. 显微镜 9．circumstance n. 条件，状况；境况，(尤指)经济状况 10．pill n. 药丸，药片 11. vital adj. 必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 12．leisure n. 闲暇，空闲 13．crew n. 全体工作人员；全体乘务人员，全体船员；专业团队 14．telescope n. 望远镜 15．universe n. 宇宙，天地万物 16．crucial adj. 至关重要的，关键性的 17．orbit vt.&vi. 围绕……运动，沿轨道运行 n. (天体等运行的)轨道 18．astronomer n. 天文学家 19．agency n. 机构；代理处 20．comprise vt. 包括，包含；组成，构成 21．foundation n. 基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会 22．purse n. 资金，财源；钱包 23．tale n. 故事；讲述，叙述 24．rocket n. 火箭；火箭武器 25．motive n. 原因，动机，目的 26．shelter n. 居所，住处；庇护 vt. 保护，掩蔽 vi. 躲避 27．nuclear adj. 核能的，原子能的；核武器的 [对应训练] 选用本单元核心单词的适当形式填空 1．No matter how high you jump, you will fall down because of gravity. 2．He lay on the bed with his eyes staring at the white ceiling. 3．Yang Liwei, China's first astronaut in space, visited Hong Kong for six days with a group of scientists and space experts. 4．A microscope is a scientific instrument which makes very small objects look bigger so that more detail can be seen. 5．The earth orbits the sun once every 365.25 days, which is called a year. 6．They opened a shelter to provide temporary housing for the city's homeless people. 7．A telescope is a piece of equipment that you look through to make objects that are far away appear larger and nearer. 8．A purse is a very small bag that people, especially women, keep their money in. 1．absence n．缺乏，不存在；缺席→absent adj.缺席的，不在场的；缺少的，缺乏的 2．occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于→occupied adj.已被占用的；无空闲的；在使用中的；被占领的→occupation n．侵占，占领；(土地、房屋、建筑等的)使用，居住；工作，职业 3．evaluate vt.评估，估计，评价→evaluation n．评估，评价 4．maintenance n．维护，保养；维持，保持→maintain vt.保持，维持；保养，维修 5．exposure n．面临，遭受；揭露；报道→expose vt.使暴露(于险境)；揭露，使曝光；使接触，使体验→exposed adj.无遮蔽的；无保护的 6．visible adj.看得见的；明显的→visibly adv. 易察觉地；明显地→invisible adj. 看不见的 7．luxury n．不常有的乐趣(或享受)；奢侈品→luxurious adj.奢侈的；十分舒适的 8．discipline vt.严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练n.训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力→disciplined adj.遵守纪律的；受过训练的 9．permanent adj.永久的，永恒的→permanence n．永久性，持久性；永久→permanently adv.永久地，永恒地 10．merely adv.仅仅，只不过→mere adj.仅仅的 11．administration n．行政部门；管理，行政→administrate vt.管理，支配 12．scan vt.&vi.扫描；细看；浏览n.扫描检查；快速查阅→scanner n．扫描仪，扫描设备 13．origin n．起源，起因；出身→originate vi.起源，发源，发端于→original adj.最初的；独创的；原作的→originally adv.最初；起初 14．frequency n．发生率，出现率；频繁；频率→frequent adj.经常发生的，频繁的→frequently adv.频繁地，经常 15．investment n．投资；投入→invest vt.&vi.投资→investor n．投资者；投资机构 16．calculate vt.计算，核算；预测→calculation n．计算；推算→calculator n．计算器；计算者 17．coverage n．新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围→cover vt.遮盖；覆盖；包含；足以支付；行走(一段路程)；报道n.覆盖物；盖子；(书刊的)封面，封皮 18．assistant n．助理；售货员；助教adj.助理的，副的→assist vt.帮助，协助，援助→assistance n．帮助，援助 19．incredibly adv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信→incredible adj.极好的，极大的；不能相信的，难以置信的 20．dust n．沙土，尘土；灰尘，尘埃→dusty adj.布满灰尘的 21．constant adj.固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的→constantly adv.持续不断地；经常地→constancy n．稳定性；始终如一；忠诚，忠实 [对应训练] 用所给词的适当形式填空 1．In the absence (absent) of any further evidence, the police were unable to solve the murder. 2．My uncle is occupied (occupy) in building his own house these days. 3．You should rewrite your papers and submit them for final evaluation (evaluate)． 4．Exposure (expose) to lead (铅) is known to damage the brains of young children. 5．She seemed to have visibly (visible) aged over the last year. 6．Tom is a very disciplined (discipline) student who is always praised by the teachers. 7. The only way to lose weight permanently (permanent) is to completely change your attitudes toward food. 8. The identity cards are examined by an electronic scanner (scan)． 9．The room still has many of its original (origin) features. 10．Traffic accidents have decreased in frequency (frequent) over recent years. 11. These machines are constantly (constant) updated by improving the design of the computers. 12．Our country will continue to expand the coverage (cover) of basic medical care. 13．He made a rough calculation (calculate) that we made a profit of $20,000 last year. 14．The Earth looks incredibly (incredible) beautiful from space. 15．I want an assistant (assist) who has a knowledge of English and experience of office routine. 1．cast new light on 使进一步了解…… 2．in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此 3．in view of 鉴于，考虑到 4．plain to see 显而易见的 5．lay the foundation for 为……打下基础 6．come to an end 结束 7．at a speed of 以……速度 8．at a time 一次 9．make sense of 理解 10．a variety of各种各样的 [对应训练] 选用本单元重点短语的适当形式填空 1．His explanation helped us cast new light on the problems that we are facing. 2．In view of his age, we'd better arrange a doctor to accompany him. 3．Everyone was excited to see the year come to an end. 4．Your creative imagination is what you use to make sense of your experiences. 5．But the influence is plain to see. 1．as引导让步状语从句 Splendid as the view of the Earth is (虽然地球的景色十分壮观)，spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think. 2．be of＋抽象名词 Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance (至关重要)to astronauts' health. 3．强调句型 It is through our research into space that (正是通过我们对太空的研究) we have confirmed that the Earth is round and that it orbits the Sun. [对应训练] 补全句子 1．Rich as he is, he never spends a cent on clothes. 虽然他很富有，但他从不花一分钱在衣服上。 2．Your advice is of great value. 你的建议很有价值。 3．It was in the school library that I found the book. 我正是在学校图书馆发现这本书的。 短文语法填空 No one knows 1.exactly (exact) how the earth began，as it happened so long ago.However，according to a widely accepted theory，the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all 2.directions (direction)．After that，atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies. For several billion years after the“Big Bang”，the earth was still just a cloud of dust. 3.What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.The earth became so violent that 4.it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.It exploded loudly with fire and rock.They were in time to produce carbon，nitrogen，water vapor and other gases, 5.which were to make the earth's atmosphere. 6.What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down，water began to appear on its surface. Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but unlike the earth，it had disappeared later. 7.It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. 8.What many scientists believe is that the continued 9.presence (present) of water allowed the earth to dissolve 10.harmful (harm) gases and acids into the oceans and seas.This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $