Unit 1 Face Values 面孔价值（话题阅读精练）英语外研版选择性必修第三册

Unit 1 Face Values面孔价值 话题阅读精练 单元引言解读 本单元以Face Values（面孔价值）为核心话题，围绕“面孔”的多元内涵展开探究：从京剧脸谱的文化象征、文学作品中人物面部特征与性格的关联，到现实中“面孔”所承载的身份、情感与社会意义。单元通过“Starting out”的京剧脸谱视频引入，结合《巴黎圣母院》（改编版）的阅读素材，引导学生对比叙事作品中的人物形象，探讨“美与丑”“外在与内在”的深层关系；语言运用板块聚焦主语从句的语法知识，同时训练“定义主题、呈现观点、总结内容”的表达功能，最终通过“推荐你心中‘最美的人’”的展示任务，让学生将语言学习与价值观思考结合，实现对“面孔价值”的多维理解。 主题词汇积累 第一部分：面部特征与外貌描写 1. facial adj. 面部的 2. feature n. 特征；容貌 3. complexion n. 肤色；面色 4. forehead n. 额头 5. eyebrow n. 眉毛 6. eyelash n. 睫毛 7. cheek n. 脸颊 8. jaw n. 下巴；颌 9. chin n. 下巴 10. nose n. 鼻子 11. lip n. 嘴唇 12. mouth n. 嘴；口 13. tooth n. 牙齿 14. smile n. 微笑 v. 微笑 15. frown v. 皱眉 n. 皱眉 16. gaze v. 凝视；注视 17. stare v. 盯着看；凝视 18. glance v. 瞥一眼；扫视 19. expression n. 表情；神情 20. gesture n. 手势；姿态 第二部分：内在品质与性格表达 1. inner adj. 内心的；内在的 2. virtue n. 美德；德行 3. kindness n. 善良；仁慈 4. honesty n. 诚实；正直 5. bravery n. 勇敢；勇气 6. generosity n. 慷慨；大方 7. patience n. 耐心；忍耐力 8. wisdom n. 智慧；明智 9. sincerity n. 真诚；诚挚 10. modesty n. 谦虚；谦逊 11. selfish adj. 自私的 12. cruel adj. 残忍的；残酷的 13. honest adj. 诚实的；正直的 14. brave adj. 勇敢的；无畏的 15. gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的 16. confident adj. 自信的 17. optimistic adj. 乐观的 18. pessimistic adj. 悲观的 19. reliable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的 20. trustworthy adj. 值得信赖的 第三部分：文化象征与艺术表达 1. symbol n. 象征；符号 2. represent v. 代表；象征 3. mask n. 面具；面罩 4. opera n. 歌剧；戏剧 5. Peking Opera 京剧 6. costume n. 服装；戏服 7. makeup n. 化妆；妆容 8. tradition n. 传统；惯例 9. culture n. 文化；文明 10. heritage n. 遗产；传统 11. artistic adj. 艺术的；有美感的 12. creative adj. 创造性的；有创造力的 13. perform v. 表演；演出 14. performance n. 表演；演出 15. character n. 人物；角色 16. plot n. 情节 17. theme n. 主题；主旨 18. metaphor n. 隐喻；暗喻 19. contrast n. 对比；对照 v. 对比 20. symbolize v. 象征；代表 第四部分：评价与观点表达 1. judge v. 判断；评价 n. 法官 2. evaluate v. 评估；评价 3. assess v. 评估；评定 4. appreciate v. 欣赏；感激 5. admire v. 钦佩；赞赏 6. respect v. & n. 尊重；尊敬 7. prejudice n. 偏见；成见 8. stereotype n. 刻板印象；模式化观念 9. impression n. 印象；感想 10. opinion n. 意见；看法 11. view n. 观点；看法 v. 看待 12. perspective n. 视角；观点 13. attitude n. 态度；看法 14. comment n. 评论；意见 v. 评论 15. remark n. 评论；言论 v. 谈论 16. praise v. & n. 表扬；赞扬 17. criticize v. 批评；指责 18. approve v. 赞成；认可 19. disagree v. 不同意；有分歧 20. argue v. 争论；争辩 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 时文拓展阅读 True Beauty Lies in the Heart In a world that often judges people by their appearance, it’s easy to forget that true beauty comes from within. A recent story from a small town in England shows this perfectly. Last year, a local bookstore owner named Mrs. Higgins became popular online. She is in her seventies, with gray hair and wrinkles covering her face, but her warm smile and kind heart have won the love of everyone in the town. Mrs. Higgins has run the bookstore for over 40 years. She always offers free books to poor children and spends hours helping elderly customers find the books they want. During the COVID-19 pandemic, she even delivered books to people’s homes for free, making sure no one felt lonely. When a journalist asked her about her secret to being loved, Mrs. Higgins simply said, “I just treat people the way I want to be treated. Appearance fades, but kindness and care last forever.” Her words have touched millions of people online, who say she is the most beautiful person they have ever known. This story reminds us that face values are not about how we look, but about how we live and how we treat others. True beauty is reflected in our actions and our hearts, not in our facial features or the clothes we wear. 【译文欣赏】 真正的美源于内心 在这个常常以貌取人的世界里，我们很容易忘记，真正的美源于内心。英国一个小镇最近发生的故事完美地印证了这一点。 去年，一位名叫希金斯夫人的当地书店老板在网上走红。她七十多岁，满头银发，脸上布满皱纹，但她温暖的笑容和善良的心赢得了镇上所有人的喜爱。希金斯夫人经营这家书店已有40多年，她总是为贫困儿童提供免费书籍，还会花数小时帮助老年顾客找到他们想要的书。在新冠疫情期间，她甚至免费为人们送书上门，确保没有人感到孤独。 当一名记者问她受人喜爱的秘诀时，希金斯夫人只是简单地说：“我只是以我希望被对待的方式去对待别人。容貌会消逝，但善良与关怀会永存。”她的话感动了数百万网友，大家都说她是他们见过的最美的人。 这个故事提醒我们，面孔的价值不在于我们的外表，而在于我们的生活方式和待人方式。真正的美体现在我们的行动与内心之中，而非面部特征或穿着打扮。 【词汇积累】 1. appearance n. 外貌；外表 2. wrinkle n. 皱纹 3. deliver v. 递送；传送 4. fade v. 逐渐消失；褪色 5. reflect v. 反映；显示 6. elderly adj. 上了年纪的；老年的 7. pandemic n. （全国或全球性）流行病 8. journalist n. 记者；新闻工作者 9. treat v. 对待；看待 10. feature n. 特征；容貌 【知识拓展】 1. 京剧脸谱的文化内涵：京剧脸谱通过不同颜色象征人物性格，如红色代表忠勇（关羽）、黑色代表刚直（包拯）、白色代表奸诈（曹操），是中国戏曲特有的面部艺术符号。 2. 《巴黎圣母院》的人物对比：雨果在作品中塑造了外貌丑陋但内心善良的敲钟人卡西莫多，与外表英俊却内心邪恶的弗罗洛形成鲜明对比，深刻探讨“外在美与内在美”的主题。 3. 西方“相面术”的历史：西方曾有通过面部特征判断性格的“相面术”，虽不科学，但反映了人们对“面孔与性格”关联的长期探索，如今已被心理学中的“面部表情研究”取代。 【词汇延伸】 1. 与“smile”相关的短语： ◦ force a smile 强颜欢笑 ◦ smile from ear to ear 笑得合不拢嘴 ◦ a bitter smile 苦笑 2. 与“judge”相关的搭配： ◦ judge by/from 根据……判断 ◦ judge a book by its cover 以貌取人 ◦ make a judgment 做出判断 3. “内在/外在”相关词汇拓展： ◦ external adj. 外部的；外在的 ◦ internal adj. 内部的；内在的 ◦ superficial adj. 表面的；肤浅的 ◦ profound adj. 深刻的；深远的 高考真题链接 (2025年北京卷阅读理解C篇) Not too long ago, on a cold winter night, there was a teenager who wanted more screen time and a parent who said no. The teenager was advocating for her right to scroll (刷屏) for an extra 30 minutes. The parent argued that none of her friends’ parents let them have screens after 9 o’clock. “I thought, in this family, we don’t compare ourselves with other people, Dad?” the teenager replied. The parent — who was me, by the way — just got served. Since they were young, I have told my kids not to compare themselves with other people. I have argued countless times that comparisons are the “thief of joy”. Although my daughter didn’t win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given. In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances. But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy. Social comparisons do, of course, often get us into emotional trouble. But they can be harnessed (利用) for our betterment if we understand how they work. The social comparisons we make — ones that lead us to feel good or bad about ourselves — are vital to our ability to thrive (成长). Science provides a guide we can use to harness the way we perform these comparisons to reduce their negative emotional impacts. Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in feelings of envy if you focus on the things they have and you don’t, or it can be energizing and inspiring if you use these comparisons as a source of motivation, for example, “If they can achieve that, so can I.” Comparing yourself with someone who is doing worse than you could result in fear and worry if you think about how you could fall into similar circumstances, or it can draw out feelings of gratitude and appreciation if you use that comparison to broaden your views — for example, “Wow, things could be much worse; I’m doing great.” What I wish I taught my daughter earlier are these nuances. How we feel about ourselves rests not just on whom we compare ourselves with but also on how we think about that comparison. That’s something we all have control over. 28. How did the author feel about his daughter’s argument? A. Excited. B. Inspired. C. Energized. D. Relieved. 29. What does the word “nuances” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Major achievements. B. Complex feelings. C. Significant impacts. D. Fine differences. 30. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Become a Healthy Habit B. Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Strengthen Family Ties C. Social Comparisons Can Get Us into Emotional Trouble D. Social Comparisons Can Be Controlled by Science 答案： 第28题：B 解析：推理判断题。作者在女儿反驳后，意识到自己之前“不要和别人比较”的观点存在片面性，还开始反思并探讨社交比较的不同影响，说明女儿的论点给了他启发（Inspired）。A（兴奋的）、C（充满活力的）、D（宽慰的）均不符合原文情感倾向。 第29题：D 解析：词义猜测题。结合上下文，作者之前只是照搬“不要比较”的观点，没有探究社交比较的细微差别（Fine differences）；后文也提到社交比较的影响取决于比较对象和看待方式的不同，这正是“nuances”的含义。A（主要成就）、B（复杂情感）、C（重大影响）均与语境不符。 第30题：A 解析：主旨大意题。文章核心是反驳“所有社交比较都不健康”的观点，指出若理解其运作方式，社交比较可被利用来促进自我成长，即和他人比较能成为健康的习惯。B（加强家庭关系）并非文章重点；C（带来情绪困扰）只是社交比较的一面，并非主旨；D（被科学控制）是文中细节，不能概括全文。 命题特点 1. 题型分布：覆盖推理判断题（28题）、词义猜测题（29题）、主旨大意题（30题），是高考英语阅读理解的核心题型，侧重考查对文本的深层理解与逻辑分析能力。 2. 考查维度：不局限于表面信息提取，而是聚焦作者情感、词汇语境含义、全文主旨，要求考生结合上下文进行推理和归纳。 3. 话题贴合性：选取“亲子沟通与社交比较”的生活化话题，符合高考“人与自我”的主题范畴，文本语言地道且具有思辨性。 命题规律 1. 推理判断题（28题）：常围绕作者态度/情感设题，答案需从文本的行为描述、观点转变中推导，而非直接摘抄原文语句。 2. 词义猜测题（29题）：考查的词汇多为熟词生义或抽象名词（如nuances），需结合上下文的逻辑关系（如转折、解释）和后文的具体阐述来确定含义。 3. 主旨大意题（30题）：正确选项需涵盖全文核心，命题时会设置“以偏概全”“偏离主题”的干扰项，且正确答案往往是对原文观点的提炼与升华，而非简单复述某段内容。 解题思维 1. 推理判断题（28题）： ◦ 第一步：定位原文中与作者情感相关的语句（如“help expose one of the worst pieces of advice”“now is the time to set the record straight”）； ◦ 第二步：分析语句背后的情感倾向（反思、被启发）； ◦ 第三步：匹配选项中对应的情感词汇，排除与原文情感不符的选项。 2. 词义猜测题（29题）： ◦ 第一步：找到划线词的上下文语境（作者之前照搬观点，未探究社交比较的细节）； ◦ 第二步：结合后文对社交比较不同影响的阐述，确定词汇的核心含义（细微差别）； ◦ 第三步：将选项代入原文，验证是否符合逻辑。 3. 主旨大意题（30题）： ◦ 第一步：梳理各段核心（首段举亲子例子→第二段反思观点→第三、四段分析社交比较的双面性→最后一段总结把控方式）； ◦ 第二步：提炼全文中心（社交比较可成为健康习惯）； ◦ 第三步：排除仅涉及局部内容或偏离主题的选项。 干扰项特征 1. 推理判断题（28题）： ◦ 干扰项（A. Excited/C. Energized/D. Relieved）均为情感错位，与作者“反思并受启发”的核心情感不符，属于主观臆断的情感倾向。 2. 词义猜测题（29题）： ◦ A（Major achievements）、C（Significant impacts）属于语义无关，与“社交比较的细节差异”毫无关联； ◦ B（Complex feelings）是概念混淆，将“社交比较带来的感受”与“观点的细微差别”混为一谈。 3. 主旨大意题（30题）： ◦ B（Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Strengthen Family Ties）是偏离主题，家庭关系只是文章的引入例子，并非核心； ◦ C（Social Comparisons Can Get Us into Emotional Trouble）是以偏概全，仅提及社交比较的负面作用，忽略了正面价值； ◦ D（Social Comparisons Can Be Controlled by Science）是细节放大，科学只是文中提到的一个小细节，不能概括全文。            1. 原句：In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances. 句式分析： 主句：I did（主谓）+ what we’ve all done before（宾语从句，作did的宾语）； 非限制性定语从句：which is repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances（which指代前面整句话的行为，“repeat...”是省略to的不定式作表语）； 介词短语：without exploring the nuances作伴随状语。 译文：为自己辩解的话，我做了我们所有人都做过的事——照搬现成的道理，却没有探究其中的细微差别。 2. 原句：How we feel about ourselves rests not just on whom we compare ourselves with but also on how we think about that comparison. 句式分析： 主语从句：How we feel about ourselves（作整个句子的主语）； 谓语：rests on（取决于），后接由*not just...but also...*连接的两个宾语成分； 宾语1：whom we compare ourselves with（宾语从句，作第一个on的宾语）； 宾语2：how we think about that comparison（宾语从句，作第二个on的宾语）。 译文：我们对自己的感受，不仅取决于我们和谁比较，还取决于我们如何看待这种比较。 1. advocate /ˈædvəkeɪt/ v. 主张；倡导 ◦ 搭配：advocate for sth.（为某事倡导、争取） 2. comparison /kəmˈpærɪsn/ n. 比较；对比 ◦ 搭配：make a comparison between A and B（在A和B之间作比较） 3. harness /ˈhɑːnɪs/ v. 利用；驾驭 ◦ 搭配：harness sth. for sth.（为某事利用某物） 4. outperform /ˌaʊtpəˈfɔːm/ v. 表现优于；胜过 ◦ 构词：out-（超过）+ perform（表现） 5. gratitude /ˈɡrætɪtjuːd/ n. 感激；感谢 ◦ 搭配：express gratitude to sb.（向某人表达感激） 6. rest on 取决于；依靠 ◦ 同义短语：depend on / rely on 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 体裁 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 介绍了巧克力对健康和环境的影响，以及提出了生产巧克力的方法 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 如今超加工食品因加工方式引发担忧，虽与健康问题相关，但其危害根源受多种因素干扰仍未明确 Passage3 阅读理解 议论文 人们在面对与自己观点相反的信息时，往往会倾向于寻找能证实自己观点的信息，而避免与之相反的信息 Passage4 阅读理解 议论文 主要讲述给人们贴标签的害处，并且号召不要给人们贴标签。 Passage5 七选五 议论文 主张把阅读当作享受与意义之旅，并通过自身飞行途中沉浸阅读的实例加以佐证。 Passage6 七选五 说明文 介绍美国“华盛顿读书漫步”俱乐部，它将有声书与步行结合，满足社交与阅读需求，同类读书俱乐部也受欢迎 Passage7 完形填空 记叙文 日食让作者决心追寻未想过的方向，历经挑战后获物理学学位并攻读天文学博士，对天空的热爱助他追梦。 Passage 1 (2025届河北省秦皇岛市昌黎第一中学高三下学期“赢在百日”第一次模拟)Many people enjoy chocolate. However, recent reports have emphasized that chocolate production poses environmental and nutritional concerns. As a result, Swiss experts discovered new methods and recipes to create chocolate that is considered healthier and sustainable. In a study, researchers raised concerns about chocolates’ impacts on health. Additionally, chocolate production can impact land use and increase global warming. Finding sustainable ways to create chocolates will be significant to the environment and offer potential socio-economic benefits to farmers. The latest June report revealed that Swiss scientists have discovered new ways to produce healthier and more sustainable chocolate. The traditional sugar in chocolates is replaced by cocoa pod’s waste plant matter. Sustainable chocolate recipe uses mashed pulp(浆状物) and husk(外皮) of the cocoa pod instead of beans. Unlike the usual chocolate, the researchers noted nutritional improvement. Another aspect of the report is environmental benefits. Conventional methods can damage land and use excessive water. The new method reduces water and land usage by 6%. Additionally, it can potentially reduce emissions by utilizing solar drying methods. For farmers who have struggled against climate change and dry conditions, the study highlights that it has a local economic impact. This can drive a new revenue stream(收入来源) for local farmers, particularly for areas where cocoa is grown. While the chocolate uses a new recipe, the result explains that it is identical to other traditional dark chocolate in terms of taste and texture. Additionally, the report emphasized that there is still a need for a pilot study (试点研究) . According to a report, people who consume these chocolates can notice slight differences in flavor and sweetness. The chocolate industry is considered a $100 billion industry. Although chocolates may taste delicious, they contribute more to pollution and waste. Adopting sustainable chocolates can potentially make a significant impact on the environment amidst growing concerns about climate change and habitat warming. Recent findings showed that 70% of cocoa beans are found in West Africa, and there is an increasing demand for cocoa globally. However, Africa has been at risk of climate effects, causing frequent droughts and high temperatures. As cocoa demand soars(猛增), deforestation can likely become more widespread, which could exacerbate climate change. As a result, offering environment-friendly and sustainable ways to produce chocolates is crucial. 1. What do we know from the first two paragraphs? A. Chocolate production costs too much natural resources. B. Chocolate production has impacts on health and environment. C. Chocolate production can increase income for local farmers. D. Chocolate production has been greatly improved so far. 2. What is the author’s attitude towards the new ways of producing chocolates? A. Satisfied. B. Uncertain. C. Objective. D. Subjective. 3. What can we infer about the new recipe for chocolates? A. It does great harm to the environment. B. It costs too much water. C. It doesn’t taste good enough. D. It is still not so perfect so far. 4. What does the underlined word “exacerbate” in the last paragraph mean? A. Promote. B. Extend. C. Worsen. D. Relieve. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了巧克力对健康和环境的影响，以及提出了生产巧克力的方法。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, recent reports have emphasized that chocolate production poses environmental and nutritional concerns.( 然而，最近的报告强调，巧克力生产带来了环境和营养问题。)”以及第二段中“In a study, researchers raised concerns about chocolates’ impacts on health. Additionally, chocolate production can impact land use and increase global warming.( 在一项研究中，研究人员提出了巧克力对健康影响的担忧。此外，巧克力生产会影响土地使用，加剧全球变暖。)”可知，巧克力生产对健康和环境都有影响。故选B项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The latest June report revealed that Swiss scientists have discovered new ways to produce healthier and more sustainable chocolate.( 6月份的最新报告显示，瑞士科学家发现了生产更健康、更可持续的巧克力的新方法。)”以及第六段中“While the chocolate uses a new recipe, the result explains that it is identical to other traditional dark chocolate in terms of taste and texture. Additionally, the report emphasized that there is still a need for a pilot study (试点研究) . According to a report, people who consume these chocolates can notice slight differences in flavor and sweetness.( 虽然巧克力采用了新配方，但结果表明，它在味道和质地上与其他传统黑巧克力完全相同。此外，该报告强调，仍有必要进行初步研究。根据一份报告，食用这些巧克力的人可以注意到味道和甜度的细微差异。)”可知，作者在文中既提到了巧克力生产存在的问题，也介绍了瑞士科学家发现的新的更健康、更可持续的巧克力生产方法的优点和不足(如还需要试点研究，人们能注意到味道和甜度的细微差异等)，没有明显的褒贬倾向，只是客观地阐述事实，所以作者的态度是客观的。故选C项。 3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Additionally, the report emphasized that there is still a need for a pilot study (试点研究) . According to a report, people who consume these chocolates can notice slight differences in flavor and sweetness.( 此外，该报告强调，仍有必要进行初步研究。根据一份报告，食用这些巧克力的人可以注意到味道和甜度的细微差异。)”可知，新的巧克力配方还需要进行试点研究，并且人们能注意到味道和甜度的细微差异，说明到目前为止它还不是很完美。故选D项。 4. 词义猜测题。根据划线单词中“As cocoa demand soars (猛增), deforestation can likely become more widespread…(随着可可需求的飙升，森林砍伐可能会变得更加普遍……)”以及后一句“As a result, offering environment-friendly and sustainable ways to produce chocolates is crucial.( 因此，提供环保和可持续的巧克力生产方式至关重要。)”可知，随着可可需求猛增，森林砍伐可能会更广泛，这会对气候变化产生影响。结合常识，森林砍伐会导致环境恶化，进而使气候变化更严重，所以“exacerbate”意思是“使恶化；加剧”，与 C选项 “Worsen.( 恶化)”意思相近。故选C项。 Passage 2 (2025届江西省南昌市高三下学期第一次模拟测试英语试题)For thousands of years, people have changed food to please their sense of taste. More than 3, 000years ago Mesoamericans, living in what is Mexico and Central America today, cooked com kernels(玉米粒) in a solution of wood ash or limestone. The process unlocked nutrients and softened the tough outer shells of the corn, making it easier to chew. With the invention of canned goods in the 19th century, the industrial-scale transformation of food became possible. According to the UN, the average daily food supply available for a person in the rich world increased by over 20% between 1961 and 2021, to 3, 500 kilocalories. In that time, obesity rates have more than tripled; today, nearly one in three people globally is obese or overweight. Now worries are mounting that the heavy processing used to cook up cheap, tasty snacks may itself be harmful. A parțicular target is “ultra-processed foods” (UPFs), heavily processed foods like ice-cream or instant noodles. At the heart of the debate is a question: are UPFs unhealthy because their nutritional content is poor, or does the processing somehow pose risks in itself? At the turn of the 21st century some scientists noticed that people in Brazil were buying less sugar and oil than in the past. Yet rates of obesity were still rising. This unintentionally occurred with the growing popularity of packaged desserts and ready-made meals. By now numerous studies have shown that people who consume diets high in UPFs tend to have more health problems. But a recent analysis by Samuel Dicken and Rachel Batterham at University College London reviewed 37 studies and found that even after adjusting for fat, sugar and salt UPFs were still strongly linked to poor health. That suggests there is more to their harm than just a poor nutrient profile. Where those harms come from is still unclear, however. With so many influential causes that could also explain poor health — such as income and education — observational studies alone cannot offer conclusive answers. Arne Astrup, a Danish researcher, argues that evidently most of the studies that make statistical adjustments to try to isolate(分离) the effects of processing are “not good enough”. 1. Why did Mesoamericans process corn kernels? A. To ensure better consumption. B. To enable easy handling. C. To discover new solutions. D. To facilitate safe storage. 2. What do the data in paragraph 2 show? A. The history of food industry. B. The benefits of preserved food. C. The results of food mass production. D. The development of food processing. 3. What can be inferred about ultra-processed foods? A. Their popularity is in decline. B. Their presence changes Brazilians’ diet. C. Their nutrients can make up for their risks. D. Their processing methods arouse concerns. 4. Why do observational studies fail to determine the effects of UPFs? A. Many factors affect the results. B. The related statistics are inaccurate. C. The studies lack enough evidence. D. The causes of harm remain unknown. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。数千年来人类不断加工食物以满足口味需求，19 世纪食品工业化后，食物供应增加但肥胖率飙升。如今超加工食品因加工方式引发担忧，虽与健康问题相关，但其危害根源受多种因素干扰仍未明确 。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The process unlocked nutrients and softened the tough outer shells of the corn, making it easier to chew.(这个过程释放出营养物质，软化了玉米坚硬的外壳，使其更容易咀嚼。)”可知，中美洲人加工玉米粒是为了让其更易于食用。故选A项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第二段“With the invention of canned goods in the 19th century, the industrial-scale transformation of food became possible. According to the UN, the average daily food supply available for a person in the rich world increased by over 20% between 1961 and 2021, to 3,500 kilocalories. In that time, obesity rates have more than tripled; today, nearly one in three people globally is obese or overweight.(19 世纪罐头食品的发明使食品的工业规模转型成为可能。据联合国统计，1961 年至 2021 年间，富裕国家人均每日可获得的食物供应量增加了20% 以上，达到3500千卡。在这段时间里，肥胖率增加了两倍多；如今，全球近三分之一的人肥胖或超重。)”可知，这些数据展示了食品大规模生产带来的结果，包括食物供应增加以及肥胖率上升等情况。故选C项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Now worries are mounting that the heavy processing used to cook up cheap, tasty snacks may itself be harmful. A particular target is ‘ultra - processed foods’(UPFs), heavily processed foods like ice-cream or instant noodles.(现在，人们越来越担心，用于制作廉价美味零食的深加工本身可能有害。一个特别的目标是‘超加工食品’(UPFs)，像冰淇淋或方便面这样的深加工食品。)”可知，超加工食品的加工方式引发了担忧。故选D项。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“With so many influential causes that could also explain poor health — such as income and education — observational studies alone cannot offer conclusive answers.(有这么多有影响力的原因也可以解释健康状况不佳——比如收入和教育——单靠观察性研究无法提供结论性的答案。)”可知，许多因素会影响结果，所以仅仅是观察性研究无法确定超加工食品的影响。故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-21学年高二上·山东省潍坊·期末）When discussions are getting heated, divisions on opinions potentially lead to some awkward moments. This causes many of us to struggle with how to convince people to change their minds and how to argue our side effectively. Unfortunately, we’ve already become quite divided. One study showed that when people receive information against their beliefs, their brains aren’t as active as when they receive information that confirms their beliefs. Humans have a well- documented bias (偏见) called the “confirmation bias”, which is a tendency to seek out information that confirms our existing views and to avoid information that disconfirms them. Throwing data at people isn’t at all effective in changing minds and especially hearts. Instead, people just find it super annoying. Luckily, research has provided some guidance about best practices, and, not surprisingly, they all suggest what our parents have been telling us for decades: You catch more flies with honey than with vinegar. In fact, it turns out that instead of citing why you are right and someone else is wrong in a heated conversation, one of the most effective strategies you can use for changing someone’s mind is to find areas where you agree. Another thing we can do is to be open to other perspectives (观点) . We can start by acknowledging our own confirmation bias and making a conscious effort to override it. We can also try to take other people’s perspectives. And better yet — ask them for it. Ask them why they feel the way they do and what would change their mind. Be open to admitting that you could be wrong and make it easy for others to admit their own mistakes. Finally, make new friends — friends that are different from you. Make your bias a disconfirmation bias;in other words, when you have an opinion on something, don’t just read information that confirms it. Instead, make an effort to find information that could potentially prove you wrong. If you were right all along, this exercise will only make your arguments stronger. If you were wrong, your mind will have been opened up to new ideas. Either way, this kind of open-mindedness will give you a brand-new perspective on life, and you might even make some unlikely new friends in the process. 1．Which can illustrate “confirmation bias”? A．We tend to welcome different ideas. B．We accept messages from the others. C．We argue against points of disagreement. D．We prefer information in line with our views 2．What does the underlined word “honey”in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Following advice. B．Sharing common ground. C．Admitting mistakes. D．Blocking different ideas. 3．How can we benefit from our bias according to the last paragraph? A．By letting go of our own opinion. B．By making arguments more reliable. C．By opening up minds to new friends. D．By securing information opposite to ours. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．How to negotiate with others B．Why it’s so hard to change hearts and minds C．How to shift minds in polarized communication D．Why open-mindedness is effective in conversations 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了人们在面对与自己观点相反的信息时，往往会产生“确认偏见”，即倾向于寻找能证实自己观点的信息，而避免与之相反的信息。文章建议我们在争论中寻找共同点，开放自己的观点，接纳不同的信息，这样可以使我们的观点更有说服力，也能开阔我们的视野。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Humans have a well- documented bias (偏见) called the“confirmation bias”, which is a tendency to seek out information that confirms our existing views and to avoid information that disconfirms them. ”（人类有一种有据可查的偏见，称为“确认偏见”，这是一种倾向，即寻找证实我们现有观点的信息，避免不符合这些观点的信息。）可知，D选项“我们更喜欢符合我们观点的信息”符合确认偏见”。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“In fact, it turns out that instead of citing why you are right and someone else is wrong in a heated conversation, one of the most effective strategies you can usefor changing someone’s mind is to find areas where you agree.”（事实证明，在激烈的争论中，改变他人观点最有效的策略之一就是找到你们共同认同的地方，而不是列举你为什么是对的，别人为什么是错的。）可推知，“honey”指的是找到共同的立场。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Make your bias a disconfirmation bias;in other words, when you have an opinion on something, don’t just read information that confirms it. Instead, make an effort to find information that could potentially prove you wrong. If you were right all along, this exercise will only make your arguments stronger. If you were wrong, your mind will have been opened up to new ideas.”（让你的偏见成为一种不确认的偏见；换句话说，当你对某事有看法时，不要只阅读证实它的信息。相反，要努力寻找可能证明你错了的信息。如果你一直都是对的，这个练习只会让你的论点更有力。如果你错了，你的思想就会向新思想开放。）可知，获取与我们相反的信息能让我们受益。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。主要讲述了人们在面对与自己观点相反的信息时，往往会产生“确认偏见”，即倾向于寻找能证实自己观点的信息，而避免与之相反的信息。文章建议我们在争论中寻找共同点，开放自己的观点，接纳不同的信息，这样可以使我们的观点更有说服力，也能开阔我们的视野。所以短文的最佳标题为“如何在两极分化的交流中改变思想”。故选C。 Passage 4 （23-24学年高二上·山东临沂·期末）If you had to use one word to define yourself, what would it be? Imagine trying to summarize your entire being in just one word or two — a challenging task indeed. Labels, like “confident” or “creative”, may suggest certain aspects, but they can never fully capture the richness and depth of a person’s character. Labels take on an “all-or-nothing” meaning. Someone either is something, or they’re not. The biggest problem with labeling people is that it oversimplifies their complex nature. Using labels infers people’s current behavior is fixed, but people change. As they learn, they grow, and someone we think of in a certain way today might not remain the same in a few months or years. When we label people, we deny their complexity, their right to change, and their richness as human beings. Furthermore, labels can become self-fulfilling prophecies (预言). When people are constantly told they are a certain way, they may start to remember these labels and act accordingly. This hinders their potential for growth and development, as they may feel trapped by social expectations. For example, if parents label a child as “annoying” or “a complainer”, the child may feel their needs aren’t important. Over time, being ignored for complaining too much can lead the child to believe that expressing their needs is not acceptable. Consequently, their self-perception (自我认知) may suffer, and they may even start to devalue themselves as a result. Linguist Benjamin Whorf once argued that the words we use to describe what we see are rarely objective, as they carry personally prejudice. Labels can be harmful because they can reduce individuals to a single characteristic or stereotype (刻板印象). Therefore, we should be mindful of the language we use and the labels we attach to people. By adopting a more open view of life, people, and events, we can appreciate the richness and diversity of human experience, and cope with the complexities of our interconnected world. 1．What is the biggest problem with labeling people? A．It expresses a subjective opinion. B．It denies the complexity of humans. C．It overstates people’s shortcomings. D．It ignores goodness in human nature. 2．What does the underlined word “hinders” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Exposes. B．Cultivates. C．Restricts. D．Determines. 3．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．To present the bad effects of labeling on people. B．To show the importance of using language skillfully. C．To prove people’s natural tendency for being prejudiced. D．To encourage people to take an open-minded perspective. 4．Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text? A．Stop Labeling People B．Define Yourself Objectively C．Children Suffer a Lot from Labels D．Different Individuals Diversify the World 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要讲述给人们贴标签的害处，并且号召不要给人们贴标签。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The biggest problem with labeling people is that it oversimplifies their complex nature. Using labels infers people’s current behavior is fixed, but people change. As they learn, they grow, and someone we think of in a certain way today might not remain the same in a few months or years. When we label people, we deny their complexity, their right to change, and their richness as human beings. (给人贴标签最大的问题是过于简单化了他们复杂的本性。使用标签可以推断出人们当前的行为是固定的，但人们会改变。随着他们的学习，他们在成长，我们今天以某种方式想到的人可能在几个月或几年内不会保持原样。当我们给人贴上标签时，我们否认了他们作为人类的复杂性、改变的权利和丰富性。)”可知，给人贴标签最大的问题是它否认了人类的复杂性。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“This hinders their potential for growth and development, as they may feel trapped by social expectations. For example, if parents label a child as “annoying” or “a complainer”, the child may feel their needs aren’t important. Over time, being ignored for complaining too much can lead the child to believe that expressing their needs is not acceptable. Consequently, their self-perception (自我认知) may suffer, and they may even start to devalue themselves as a result. (这hinders了他们的成长和发展潜力，因为他们可能会感到被社会期望所困。例如，如果父母给孩子贴上“烦人”或“爱抱怨”的标签，孩子可能会觉得他们的需求并不重要。随着时间的推移，因为抱怨太多而被忽视会让孩子相信表达自己的需求是不可接受的。因此，他们的自我认知可能会受到影响，甚至可能因此开始贬值。)”可知，这里解释给孩子贴标签会影响甚至阻碍孩子的发展，所以hinders的意思应该是“阻碍”，和选项C意思一致。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Therefore, we should be mindful of the language we use and the labels we attach to people. By adopting a more open view of life, people, and events, we can appreciate the richness and diversity of human experience, and cope with the complexities of our interconnected world. (因此，我们应该注意我们使用的语言和我们贴在人们身上的标签。通过对生活、人和事件采取更开放的观点，我们可以欣赏人类经验的丰富性和多样性，并应对我们相互关联的世界的复杂性。)”可知，作者在最后一段打算鼓励人们持开放的观点，不要给人们贴标签。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“If you had to use one word to define yourself, what would it be? Imagine trying to summarize your entire being in just one word or two — a challenging task indeed. Labels, like “confident” or “creative”, may suggest certain aspects, but they can never fully capture the richness and depth of a person’s character.(如果你必须用一个词来定义自己，它会是什么？想象一下，试着用一两个词来概括你的整个存在——这确实是一项具有挑战性的任务。标签，如“自信”或“有创造力”，可能暗示某些方面，但它们永远无法完全捕捉到一个人性格的丰富性和深度。)”和最后一段“Therefore, we should be mindful of the language we use and the labels we attach to people. By adopting a more open view of life, people, and events, we can appreciate the richness and diversity of human experience, and cope with the complexities of our interconnected world. (因此，我们应该注意我们使用的语言和我们贴在人们身上的标签。通过对生活、人和事件采取更开放的观点，我们可以欣赏人类经验的丰富性和多样性，并应对我们相互关联的世界的复杂性。)”可知，这篇文章主要讲述给人们贴标签的害处，并且号召不要给人们贴标签。故选A。 Passage5 （2026届浙江省台州高三一模英语试题）Don’t Rush Through Books I love books. I love reading. I do it as much as I can. I tell people they should do the same. But when I hear that people are using apps to try to read more in less time, I just shake my head. Guys, you’re doing it wrong! Reading is like eating, dating, and travelling. The whole point is that it’s pleasurable and meaningful. 1 Unfortunately, reading always falls victim to seeking productivity shortcuts. People may rush through books over dinner table to save ten minutes but willingly fly across the country for a three-day conference where nothing gets accomplished. Actually, such an act tends to be penny wise and pound foolish. 2 Simply put: You don’t need to squeeze reading into the in-between moments of your life; you need to squeeze out the non-essentials and make reading, and reading well, the priority. Once on a flight, I was surrounded by businessmen — the type of people who would say things like “I’m too busy to read”. And what were they doing on this flight? Watching videos, texting, or chatting. I was the only one reading. In two and a half hours, I got all the way through the book. But it wasn’t finishing a book that mattered. 3 The book was about a man’s attempt to retract Coronado’s expedition on horseback. I was transported from that plane to the desert. I was fully engaged. We have to remember: we don’t get a prize at the end of life for having rushed through as many books as possible. Remember: quality over quantity. Always, 4 The time you spend reading them, the time you carved out and gave to the process — that’s what you’ll remember at the end of your life. That is the prize. 5 They don’t fit it in between other tasks they make it the priority. And from that, everything follows: the more you read, the better you get, and the more you want to read. They don’t rush. They savor. And so should you. A．It was those quiet, reflective hours. B．You’re not supposed to rush through it. C．Never miss the chance to win the prize. D．It doesn’t matter how much you end up reading. E．All great readers share one rule: they value reading. F．When I am reading, I feel like someone else understands me. G．What really needs changing is not reading speed but daily priorities. 【答案】1．B 2．G 3．A 4．D 5．E 【导语】本文是议论文，作者批驳“速读”风气，主张把阅读当作享受与意义之旅，提出“质量重于数量”“调整生活优先级”“让阅读成为习惯”等观点，并通过自身飞行途中沉浸阅读的实例加以佐证。 1．上文“Reading is like eating, dating, and travelling. The whole point is that it’s pleasurable and meaningful. (阅读就像吃饭、约会和旅行。关键在于其带来的愉悦与意义。)”强调阅读应被享受，B项“You’re not supposed to rush through it. (你不该匆匆读完它。)”直接回应“速读”错误，也与本段作者“摇头”态度一致，故选B。 2．上文“People may rush through books over dinner table to save ten minutes but willingly fly across the country for a three-day conference where nothing gets accomplished. (人们可能为了省十分钟而在饭桌上匆匆读书，却愿意飞越全国参加一个毫无成果的三天会议。)”批判本末倒置，G项“What really needs changing is not reading speed but daily priorities. (真正需要改变的不是阅读速度，而是日常优先级。)”指出症结在于“优先级”错位，承上启下，故选G。 3．上文“But it wasn’t finishing a book that mattered. (但重要的并不是读完一本书。)”指出读书不要贪快，A项“It was those quiet, reflective hours. (正是那些安静、沉思的时光。)”突出“过程”价值，故选A。 4．上文“we don’t get a prize at the end of life for having rushed through as many books as possible. Remember: quality over quantity. (我们不会在生命终点因匆匆读完尽可能多的书而获奖。记住：质量胜过数量。)”再次强调“质胜于量”，D项“It doesn’t matter how much you end up reading. (你最终读了多少并不重要。)”与“quality over quantity”同义反复，故选D。 5．下文“They don’t fit it in between other tasks they make it the priority. And from that, everything follows: the more you read, the better you get, and the more you want to read. They don’t rush. They savor. (他们不会把阅读挤在其他任务之间，而是把阅读当作首要之事。正因如此，一切便水到渠成：读得越多，能力越强，越想读。他们不匆忙，他们品味。)”总结优秀读者的共性，E项“All great readers share one rule: they value reading. (所有优秀读者都遵循一条规则：他们珍视阅读。)”总领该段，与“prioritize — savor”逻辑链闭合，故选E。 Passage6 （2026届浙江省湖州市吴兴区等5地高三一模英语试题）Nearly 100 bookworms (书迷) walked through the U.S. national Arboretum on Aug. 24, among the sounds of dogs barking, feet marching and police sirens (警笛声) ringing out from a distance. Many walkers didn’t care about those sounds. 1 This was the monthly meeting for Book It Around D．C．, a new club that combines audiobooks and walking. Since starting in March, Book It Around D．C. has grown, bringing together audiobook listeners who said they felt happier or safer in a group. They also said it not only was a pleasure in reading but also brought them a sense of belonging — even if they didn’t talk to each other. “ 2 ” said Bailey, who listened to “The Book Club for Troublesome Women” by Marie Bostwick. 3 This is especially true because a recent study showed that fewer Americans than before read for pleasure. In addition to audiobook clubs, silent book clubs, where people gather to read silently, have grown in popularity across the country. Many readers have found communities on social media, where some of Book It Around D．C.’s members discovered the group through Instagram. On the morning of Aug. 24, Kit Ballenger, a librarian who lives in Montgomery County, set up a foldable table in a parking lot in the southern part of the National Arboretum. 4 They each wrote their first name and current audiobook on a white sticker they stuck to the front of their shirts. The group began walking a few minutes later — some quickly, others slowly — while many walkers opened audiobook apps on their phones. Some walkers used the roughly 90-minute outing to make friends, chatting about their jobs, their favorite books and their go-to grocery stores. 5 After a quiet walk, the lawn filled with chatter (闲聊). A．Books are just like our close friends. B．They were trying to focus on exercise itself. C．Bookworms say they are seeking like-minded people. D．People of all ages carried head phones as they approached the table. E．This feels like something that is beautifully both inward and outward. F．The walkers passed trees, paths and gardens, many stopping to take pictures. G．Instead, they were listening to narrators read audiobooks on their headphones. 【答案】1．G 2．E 3．C 4．D 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍美国“华盛顿读书漫步”俱乐部，它将有声书与步行结合，吸引书迷参与，满足其社交与阅读需求，同类读书俱乐部也渐受欢迎。 1．由上文“Many walkers didn’t care about those sounds.(许多步行者并不在意那些声音。)”和下文“This was the monthly meeting for Book It Around D.C., a new club that combines audiobooks and walking.(这是“华盛顿读书漫步”俱乐部的月度聚会，这是一个结合有声书和步行的新俱乐部。)”可知，空格处需说明“步行者不在意噪音的原因”——专注于有声书。G项“Instead, they were listening to narrators read audiobooks on their headphones.(相反，他们正戴着耳机听讲述者朗读有声书。)”符合语境，“Instead”承接上文“不在意噪音”，“listening to audiobooks”呼应下文俱乐部“结合有声书和步行”的核心，承上启下。故选G项。 2．由上文“They also said it not only was a pleasure in reading but also brought them a sense of belonging——even if they didn’t talk to each other.(他们还表示，这不仅是阅读的乐趣，还带来了归属感——即使彼此不交谈。)”可知，空格处需总结“阅读 + 步行”的双重体验。E项“This feels like something that is beautifully both inward and outward.(这感觉是一种内外兼修的美好体验。)”符合语境，“This”指代“听有声书 + 步行”，“inward”对应“阅读的乐趣、内心感受”，“outward”对应“步行、群体归属感”，精准概括前文核心，逻辑连贯。故选E项。 3．由下文“In addition to audiobook clubs, silent book clubs, where people gather to read silently, have grown in popularity across the country. Many readers have found communities on social media, where some of Book It Around D.C.’s members discovered the group through Instagram.(除了有声书俱乐部，“无声读书俱乐部”也在全国范围内日益流行 —— 参与者们聚在一起，静静阅读。许多读者还在社交媒体上找到了志同道合的圈子，“华盛顿读书漫游”俱乐部的部分成员就是通过照片墙（Instagram）发现这个组织的。)”可知，空格处需点明“书迷们组建俱乐部的核心需求”。C项“Bookworms say they are seeking like-minded people.(书迷们表示，他们在寻找志同道合的人。)”符合语境，“seeking like-minded people”解释了“各类读书俱乐部流行”的原因，“communities”呼应下文“社群”，衔接自然。故选C项。 4．由上文“On the morning of Aug. 24, Kit Ballenger, a librarian who lives in Montgomery County, set up a foldable table in a parking lot in the southern part of the National Arboretum.(8月24日上午，居住在蒙哥马利县的图书管理员基特・巴伦杰，在国家植物园南部的一处停车场里搭起了一张折叠桌。)”和下文“They each wrote their first name and current audiobook on a white sticker they stuck to the front of their shirts.(他们每个人都在一张白色贴纸写下自己的名字和正在听的有声书，再把贴纸贴在衬衫正面。)”可知，空格处需描述“参与者靠近桌子的状态”。D项“People of all ages carried head phones as they approached the table.(各个年龄段的人都携带耳机走近桌子。)”符合语境，“carried head phones”呼应俱乐部“听有声书”的核心，“approached the table”衔接下文“在贴纸写字”的动作，逻辑清晰。故选D项。 5．由上文“The group began walking a few minutes later——some quickly, others slowly ——while many walkers opened audiobook apps on their phones.(几分钟后，大家开始步行 —— 有的快，有的慢 —— 许多人打开了手机上的有声书应用。)”和下文“After a quiet walk, the lawn filled with chatter.(安静的步行结束后，草坪上充满了闲聊声。)”可知，空格处需补充“步行途中的场景”。F项“The walkers passed trees, paths and gardens, many stopping to take pictures.(步行者们经过树木、小径和花园，许多人停下来拍照。)”符合语境，“passed trees, paths and gardens”描述步行环境，“stopping to take pictures”丰富途中细节，衔接“步行开始”与“步行结束后的闲聊”，过渡自然。故选F项。 Passage7 （24-25学年高二上·山东省菏泽·期末）It was my birthday, and I was celebrating it as I had for years: by watching the annual August heavenly wonder, the meteor (流星) shower at night. But this year was 1 . I studied for my graduate degree in medicine, as I had 2 to do for the past 15 years. But now, watching it across the night sky, I began to 3 the path I had taken. In the weeks since starting my courses, I had met people with jobs and Ph.D．s in the areas I had never 4 — neuroscience, archaeology, and even 5 , broadening my horizons. 6 , another event helped me make a decision: a solar eclipse (日食). After the trip along the winding mountain road, I found a 7 spot in a valley surrounded by the mountains, nothing besides occasional birds’ songs. The 8 built as the Moon gradually slid in front of the Sun. Finally, when the world around me became 9 , I knew I had to pursue previously 10 options. The next four years were some of the most 11 of my life. I worked various 12 jobs: washing at restaurants, and then selling clothes at stores. I got a job as a teaching assistant and conducted research. I eventually 13 with another bachelor’s degree in physics, and began a Ph.D．program in astronomy. Now, about to kick off my final year of my Ph.D．, I realize that my 14 for the sky gave me a great gift. It 15 me from allowing earthly worries, shame, or self-doubt to stand in the way of chasing new dreams. 1．A．normal B．different C．diverse D．ordinary 2．A．hesitated B．refused C．feared D．planned 3．A．question B．accept C．follow D．find 4．A．ignored B．recalled C．considered D．admitted 5．A．literature B．astronomy C．history D．geography 6．A．Sadly B．Gradually C．Accidentally D．Eventually 7．A．peaceful B．warm C．muddy D．wild 8．A．panic B．sadness C．anticipation D．confusion 9．A．hot B．noisy C．strange D．dark 10．A．misled B．unimagined C．mismatched D．unspoken 11．A．cheerful B．relaxing C．successful D．challenging 12．A．easy B．stable C．decent D．odd 13．A．trained B．left C．graduated D．struggled 14．A．love B．knowledge C．study D．thinking 15．A．freed B．protected C．banned D．distracted 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．B 11．D 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在生日看流星雨时，开始质疑既定的医学之路，日食让作者决心追寻未想过的方向，历经挑战后获物理学学位并攻读天文学博士，对天空的热爱助他追梦。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但今年不同了。A. normal正常的；B. different不同的；C. diverse多种多样的；D. ordinary普通的。根据前文“It was my birthday, and I was celebrating it as I had for years:”及后文“But now, watching it across the night sky, I began to ___3___ the path I had taken.”可知，作者多年来庆祝生日看流星雨，但后文转折讲述作者开始反思自己的人生道路，说明今年和往年不同。故选B。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我正在攻读医学研究生学位，就像我过去15年所计划的那样。A. hesitated犹豫；B. refused拒绝；C. feared害怕；D. planned计划。根据前文“I studied for my graduate degree in medicine,”及后文“for the past 15 years”可知，攻读医学研究生是作者长期计划的事。故选D。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但现在，看着夜空，我开始质疑我所走的道路。A. question质疑；B. accept接受；C. follow跟随；D. find发现。根据前文“I studied for my graduate degree in medicine, as I had ___2___ to do for the past 15 years.”及“But now”可知，but表转折，虽然医学是作者长期计划的事，但作者开始质疑自己的人生道路。故选A。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在开始上课的几周里，我遇到了一些人，他们的工作和博士学位涉及我从未考虑过的领域——神经科学、考古学，甚至天文学，这些拓宽了我的视野。A. ignored忽视；B. recalled回忆；C. considered考虑；D. admitted承认。根据下文“neuroscience, archaeology, and even ____5____, broadening my horizons.”可知，作者一直计划攻读医学，所以这些领域是作者之前没考虑过的。故选C。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. literature文学；B. astronomy天文学；C. history历史；D. geography地理。根据下文“I eventually ___13___ with another bachelor’s degree in physics, and began a Ph.D. program in astronomy.”可知，作者开始了天文学博士学位课程，所以这里提到的领域有天文学。故选B。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：偶然的是，另一件事帮助我做出了决定：日食。A. Sadly悲伤地；B. Gradually逐渐地；C. Accidentally偶然地；D. Eventually最终。根据后文“another event helped me make a decision: a solar eclipse”可知，正当作者犹豫不决时，偶然发生的看日食的经历让作者做了决定。故选C。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：沿着蜿蜒的山路行驶后，我在一个被群山环绕的山谷里找到了一个宁静的地方，除了偶尔的鸟鸣声，什么也没有。A. peaceful宁静的；B. warm温暖的；C. muddy泥泞的；D. wild野生的。根据后文“nothing besides occasional birds’ songs”可知，作者找到了一个宁静的地方。故选A。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着月亮逐渐滑到太阳前面，期待感逐渐增强。A. panic恐慌；B. sadness悲伤；C. anticipation期待；D. confusion困惑。根据后文“as the Moon gradually slid in front of the Sun.”可知，日食是难得的景象，人们会充满期待。故选C。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后，当我周围的世界变得黑暗时，我知道我必须追求以前从未想象过的选择。A. hot热的；B. noisy嘈杂的；C. strange奇怪的；D. dark黑暗的。根据前文“the Moon gradually slid in front of the Sun”及常识可知，日食发生时，月亮完全遮挡太阳，周围的世界会变得黑暗。故选D。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. misled误导的；B. unimagined未想象过的；C. mismatched不匹配的；D. unspoken未说出口的。根据后文“in the areas I had never ___4___ — neuroscience, archaeology, and even ___5___,”可知，作者质疑自己的人生道路，要追求以前从未想象过的选择。故选B。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：接下来的四年是我人生中最具挑战性的几年。A. cheerful愉快的；B. relaxing放松的；C. successful成功的；D. challenging具有挑战性的。根据后文“I worked various ___12___ jobs: washing at restaurants, and then selling clothes at stores.”可知，作者做各种零工，还要学习，过程充满挑战。故选D。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我做了各种不同的零工：在餐馆洗碗，然后在商店卖衣服。A. easy容易的；B. stable稳定的；C. decent体面的；D. odd临时的，不固定的。根据后文“washing at restaurants, and then selling clothes at stores”以及常识可知，这些都属于零工，odd jobs“零工”。故选D。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最终获得了另一个物理学学士学位，并开始了天文学博士学位课程。A. trained训练；B. left离开；C. graduated毕业，获得学位；D. struggled挣扎。根据后文“with another bachelor’s degree in physics”可知，作者获得了物理学学士学位。故选C。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，即将开始我的博士最后一年，我意识到我对天空的热爱给了我一份很棒的礼物。A. love热爱；B. knowledge知识；C. study学习；D. thinking思考。根据前文“I was celebrating it as I had for years: by watching the annual August heavenly wonder, the meteor shower in night.”及“another event helped me make a decision: a solar eclipse”可知，作者过生日的时候看流星雨，后来因为日食做出改变，最终选择了天文学，这一切都说明作者对天空的热爱。故选A。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它让我摆脱了世俗的烦恼、羞耻或自我怀疑，不再阻碍我追逐新的梦想。A. freed使自由；B. protected保护；C. banned禁止；D. distracted分散注意力。根据后文“from allowing earthly worries, shame, or self-doubt to stand in the way of chasing new dreams”可知，对天空的热爱让作者摆脱了各种负面因素的束缚，free sb. from为固定短语，意为“使某人摆脱”。故选A。 $ Unit 1 Face Values面孔价值 话题阅读精练 单元引言解读 本单元以Face Values（面孔价值）为核心话题，围绕“面孔”的多元内涵展开探究：从京剧脸谱的文化象征、文学作品中人物面部特征与性格的关联，到现实中“面孔”所承载的身份、情感与社会意义。单元通过“Starting out”的京剧脸谱视频引入，结合《巴黎圣母院》（改编版）的阅读素材，引导学生对比叙事作品中的人物形象，探讨“美与丑”“外在与内在”的深层关系；语言运用板块聚焦主语从句的语法知识，同时训练“定义主题、呈现观点、总结内容”的表达功能，最终通过“推荐你心中‘最美的人’”的展示任务，让学生将语言学习与价值观思考结合，实现对“面孔价值”的多维理解。 主题词汇积累 第一部分：面部特征与外貌描写 1. facial adj. 面部的 2. feature n. 特征；容貌 3. complexion n. 肤色；面色 4. forehead n. 额头 5. eyebrow n. 眉毛 6. eyelash n. 睫毛 7. cheek n. 脸颊 8. jaw n. 下巴；颌 9. chin n. 下巴 10. nose n. 鼻子 11. lip n. 嘴唇 12. mouth n. 嘴；口 13. tooth n. 牙齿 14. smile n. 微笑 v. 微笑 15. frown v. 皱眉 n. 皱眉 16. gaze v. 凝视；注视 17. stare v. 盯着看；凝视 18. glance v. 瞥一眼；扫视 19. expression n. 表情；神情 20. gesture n. 手势；姿态 第二部分：内在品质与性格表达 1. inner adj. 内心的；内在的 2. virtue n. 美德；德行 3. kindness n. 善良；仁慈 4. honesty n. 诚实；正直 5. bravery n. 勇敢；勇气 6. generosity n. 慷慨；大方 7. patience n. 耐心；忍耐力 8. wisdom n. 智慧；明智 9. sincerity n. 真诚；诚挚 10. modesty n. 谦虚；谦逊 11. selfish adj. 自私的 12. cruel adj. 残忍的；残酷的 13. honest adj. 诚实的；正直的 14. brave adj. 勇敢的；无畏的 15. gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的 16. confident adj. 自信的 17. optimistic adj. 乐观的 18. pessimistic adj. 悲观的 19. reliable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的 20. trustworthy adj. 值得信赖的 第三部分：文化象征与艺术表达 1. symbol n. 象征；符号 2. represent v. 代表；象征 3. mask n. 面具；面罩 4. opera n. 歌剧；戏剧 5. Peking Opera 京剧 6. costume n. 服装；戏服 7. makeup n. 化妆；妆容 8. tradition n. 传统；惯例 9. culture n. 文化；文明 10. heritage n. 遗产；传统 11. artistic adj. 艺术的；有美感的 12. creative adj. 创造性的；有创造力的 13. perform v. 表演；演出 14. performance n. 表演；演出 15. character n. 人物；角色 16. plot n. 情节 17. theme n. 主题；主旨 18. metaphor n. 隐喻；暗喻 19. contrast n. 对比；对照 v. 对比 20. symbolize v. 象征；代表 第四部分：评价与观点表达 1. judge v. 判断；评价 n. 法官 2. evaluate v. 评估；评价 3. assess v. 评估；评定 4. appreciate v. 欣赏；感激 5. admire v. 钦佩；赞赏 6. respect v. & n. 尊重；尊敬 7. prejudice n. 偏见；成见 8. stereotype n. 刻板印象；模式化观念 9. impression n. 印象；感想 10. opinion n. 意见；看法 11. view n. 观点；看法 v. 看待 12. perspective n. 视角；观点 13. attitude n. 态度；看法 14. comment n. 评论；意见 v. 评论 15. remark n. 评论；言论 v. 谈论 16. praise v. & n. 表扬；赞扬 17. criticize v. 批评；指责 18. approve v. 赞成；认可 19. disagree v. 不同意；有分歧 20. argue v. 争论；争辩 时文拓展阅读 True Beauty Lies in the Heart In a world that often judges people by their appearance, it’s easy to forget that true beauty comes from within. A recent story from a small town in England shows this perfectly. Last year, a local bookstore owner named Mrs. Higgins became popular online. She is in her seventies, with gray hair and wrinkles covering her face, but her warm smile and kind heart have won the love of everyone in the town. Mrs. Higgins has run the bookstore for over 40 years. She always offers free books to poor children and spends hours helping elderly customers find the books they want. During the COVID-19 pandemic, she even delivered books to people’s homes for free, making sure no one felt lonely. When a journalist asked her about her secret to being loved, Mrs. Higgins simply said, “I just treat people the way I want to be treated. Appearance fades, but kindness and care last forever.” Her words have touched millions of people online, who say she is the most beautiful person they have ever known. This story reminds us that face values are not about how we look, but about how we live and how we treat others. True beauty is reflected in our actions and our hearts, not in our facial features or the clothes we wear. 【译文欣赏】 真正的美源于内心 在这个常常以貌取人的世界里，我们很容易忘记，真正的美源于内心。英国一个小镇最近发生的故事完美地印证了这一点。 去年，一位名叫希金斯夫人的当地书店老板在网上走红。她七十多岁，满头银发，脸上布满皱纹，但她温暖的笑容和善良的心赢得了镇上所有人的喜爱。希金斯夫人经营这家书店已有40多年，她总是为贫困儿童提供免费书籍，还会花数小时帮助老年顾客找到他们想要的书。在新冠疫情期间，她甚至免费为人们送书上门，确保没有人感到孤独。 当一名记者问她受人喜爱的秘诀时，希金斯夫人只是简单地说：“我只是以我希望被对待的方式去对待别人。容貌会消逝，但善良与关怀会永存。”她的话感动了数百万网友，大家都说她是他们见过的最美的人。 这个故事提醒我们，面孔的价值不在于我们的外表，而在于我们的生活方式和待人方式。真正的美体现在我们的行动与内心之中，而非面部特征或穿着打扮。 【词汇积累】 1. appearance n. 外貌；外表 2. wrinkle n. 皱纹 3. deliver v. 递送；传送 4. fade v. 逐渐消失；褪色 5. reflect v. 反映；显示 6. elderly adj. 上了年纪的；老年的 7. pandemic n. （全国或全球性）流行病 8. journalist n. 记者；新闻工作者 9. treat v. 对待；看待 10. feature n. 特征；容貌 【知识拓展】 1. 京剧脸谱的文化内涵：京剧脸谱通过不同颜色象征人物性格，如红色代表忠勇（关羽）、黑色代表刚直（包拯）、白色代表奸诈（曹操），是中国戏曲特有的面部艺术符号。 2. 《巴黎圣母院》的人物对比：雨果在作品中塑造了外貌丑陋但内心善良的敲钟人卡西莫多，与外表英俊却内心邪恶的弗罗洛形成鲜明对比，深刻探讨“外在美与内在美”的主题。 3. 西方“相面术”的历史：西方曾有通过面部特征判断性格的“相面术”，虽不科学，但反映了人们对“面孔与性格”关联的长期探索，如今已被心理学中的“面部表情研究”取代。 【词汇延伸】 1. 与“smile”相关的短语： ◦ force a smile 强颜欢笑 ◦ smile from ear to ear 笑得合不拢嘴 ◦ a bitter smile 苦笑 2. 与“judge”相关的搭配： ◦ judge by/from 根据……判断 ◦ judge a book by its cover 以貌取人 ◦ make a judgment 做出判断 3. “内在/外在”相关词汇拓展： ◦ external adj. 外部的；外在的 ◦ internal adj. 内部的；内在的 ◦ superficial adj. 表面的；肤浅的 ◦ profound adj. 深刻的；深远的 高考真题链接 (2025年北京卷阅读理解C篇) Not too long ago, on a cold winter night, there was a teenager who wanted more screen time and a parent who said no. The teenager was advocating for her right to scroll (刷屏) for an extra 30 minutes. The parent argued that none of her friends’ parents let them have screens after 9 o’clock. “I thought, in this family, we don’t compare ourselves with other people, Dad?” the teenager replied. The parent — who was me, by the way — just got served. Since they were young, I have told my kids not to compare themselves with other people. I have argued countless times that comparisons are the “thief of joy”. Although my daughter didn’t win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given. In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances. But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy. Social comparisons do, of course, often get us into emotional trouble. But they can be harnessed (利用) for our betterment if we understand how they work. The social comparisons we make — ones that lead us to feel good or bad about ourselves — are vital to our ability to thrive (成长). Science provides a guide we can use to harness the way we perform these comparisons to reduce their negative emotional impacts. Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in feelings of envy if you focus on the things they have and you don’t, or it can be energizing and inspiring if you use these comparisons as a source of motivation, for example, “If they can achieve that, so can I.” Comparing yourself with someone who is doing worse than you could result in fear and worry if you think about how you could fall into similar circumstances, or it can draw out feelings of gratitude and appreciation if you use that comparison to broaden your views — for example, “Wow, things could be much worse; I’m doing great.” What I wish I taught my daughter earlier are these nuances. How we feel about ourselves rests not just on whom we compare ourselves with but also on how we think about that comparison. That’s something we all have control over. 28. How did the author feel about his daughter’s argument? A. Excited. B. Inspired. C. Energized. D. Relieved. 29. What does the word “nuances” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Major achievements. B. Complex feelings. C. Significant impacts. D. Fine differences. 30. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Become a Healthy Habit B. Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Strengthen Family Ties C. Social Comparisons Can Get Us into Emotional Trouble D. Social Comparisons Can Be Controlled by Science 命题特点 1. 题型分布：覆盖推理判断题（28题）、词义猜测题（29题）、主旨大意题（30题），是高考英语阅读理解的核心题型，侧重考查对文本的深层理解与逻辑分析能力。 2. 考查维度：不局限于表面信息提取，而是聚焦作者情感、词汇语境含义、全文主旨，要求考生结合上下文进行推理和归纳。 3. 话题贴合性：选取“亲子沟通与社交比较”的生活化话题，符合高考“人与自我”的主题范畴，文本语言地道且具有思辨性。 命题规律 1. 推理判断题（28题）：常围绕作者态度/情感设题，答案需从文本的行为描述、观点转变中推导，而非直接摘抄原文语句。 2. 词义猜测题（29题）：考查的词汇多为熟词生义或抽象名词（如nuances），需结合上下文的逻辑关系（如转折、解释）和后文的具体阐述来确定含义。 3. 主旨大意题（30题）：正确选项需涵盖全文核心，命题时会设置“以偏概全”“偏离主题”的干扰项，且正确答案往往是对原文观点的提炼与升华，而非简单复述某段内容。 解题思维 1. 推理判断题（28题）： ◦ 第一步：定位原文中与作者情感相关的语句（如“help expose one of the worst pieces of advice”“now is the time to set the record straight”）； ◦ 第二步：分析语句背后的情感倾向（反思、被启发）； ◦ 第三步：匹配选项中对应的情感词汇，排除与原文情感不符的选项。 2. 词义猜测题（29题）： ◦ 第一步：找到划线词的上下文语境（作者之前照搬观点，未探究社交比较的细节）； ◦ 第二步：结合后文对社交比较不同影响的阐述，确定词汇的核心含义（细微差别）； ◦ 第三步：将选项代入原文，验证是否符合逻辑。 3. 主旨大意题（30题）： ◦ 第一步：梳理各段核心（首段举亲子例子→第二段反思观点→第三、四段分析社交比较的双面性→最后一段总结把控方式）； ◦ 第二步：提炼全文中心（社交比较可成为健康习惯）； ◦ 第三步：排除仅涉及局部内容或偏离主题的选项。 干扰项特征 1. 推理判断题（28题）： ◦ 干扰项（A. Excited/C. Energized/D. Relieved）均为情感错位，与作者“反思并受启发”的核心情感不符，属于主观臆断的情感倾向。 2. 词义猜测题（29题）： ◦ A（Major achievements）、C（Significant impacts）属于语义无关，与“社交比较的细节差异”毫无关联； ◦ B（Complex feelings）是概念混淆，将“社交比较带来的感受”与“观点的细微差别”混为一谈。 3. 主旨大意题（30题）： ◦ B（Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Strengthen Family Ties）是偏离主题，家庭关系只是文章的引入例子，并非核心； ◦ C（Social Comparisons Can Get Us into Emotional Trouble）是以偏概全，仅提及社交比较的负面作用，忽略了正面价值； ◦ D（Social Comparisons Can Be Controlled by Science）是细节放大，科学只是文中提到的一个小细节，不能概括全文。            1. 原句：In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances. 句式分析： 主句：I did（主谓）+ what we’ve all done before（宾语从句，作did的宾语）； 非限制性定语从句：which is repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances（which指代前面整句话的行为，“repeat...”是省略to的不定式作表语）； 介词短语：without exploring the nuances作伴随状语。 译文：为自己辩解的话，我做了我们所有人都做过的事——照搬现成的道理，却没有探究其中的细微差别。 2. 原句：How we feel about ourselves rests not just on whom we compare ourselves with but also on how we think about that comparison. 句式分析： 主语从句：How we feel about ourselves（作整个句子的主语）； 谓语：rests on（取决于），后接由*not just...but also...*连接的两个宾语成分； 宾语1：whom we compare ourselves with（宾语从句，作第一个on的宾语）； 宾语2：how we think about that comparison（宾语从句，作第二个on的宾语）。 译文：我们对自己的感受，不仅取决于我们和谁比较，还取决于我们如何看待这种比较。 1. advocate /ˈædvəkeɪt/ v. 主张；倡导 ◦ 搭配：advocate for sth.（为某事倡导、争取） 2. comparison /kəmˈpærɪsn/ n. 比较；对比 ◦ 搭配：make a comparison between A and B（在A和B之间作比较） 3. harness /ˈhɑːnɪs/ v. 利用；驾驭 ◦ 搭配：harness sth. for sth.（为某事利用某物） 4. outperform /ˌaʊtpəˈfɔːm/ v. 表现优于；胜过 ◦ 构词：out-（超过）+ perform（表现） 5. gratitude /ˈɡrætɪtjuːd/ n. 感激；感谢 ◦ 搭配：express gratitude to sb.（向某人表达感激） 6. rest on 取决于；依靠 ◦ 同义短语：depend on / rely on 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 体裁 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 介绍了巧克力对健康和环境的影响，以及提出了生产巧克力的方法 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 如今超加工食品因加工方式引发担忧，虽与健康问题相关，但其危害根源受多种因素干扰仍未明确 Passage3 阅读理解 议论文 人们在面对与自己观点相反的信息时，往往会倾向于寻找能证实自己观点的信息，而避免与之相反的信息 Passage4 阅读理解 议论文 主要讲述给人们贴标签的害处，并且号召不要给人们贴标签。 Passage5 七选五 议论文 主张把阅读当作享受与意义之旅，并通过自身飞行途中沉浸阅读的实例加以佐证。 Passage6 七选五 说明文 介绍美国“华盛顿读书漫步”俱乐部，它将有声书与步行结合，满足社交与阅读需求，同类读书俱乐部也受欢迎 Passage7 完形填空 记叙文 日食让作者决心追寻未想过的方向，历经挑战后获物理学学位并攻读天文学博士，对天空的热爱助他追梦。 Passage 1 (2025届河北省秦皇岛市昌黎第一中学高三下学期“赢在百日”第一次模拟)Many people enjoy chocolate. However, recent reports have emphasized that chocolate production poses environmental and nutritional concerns. As a result, Swiss experts discovered new methods and recipes to create chocolate that is considered healthier and sustainable. In a study, researchers raised concerns about chocolates’ impacts on health. Additionally, chocolate production can impact land use and increase global warming. Finding sustainable ways to create chocolates will be significant to the environment and offer potential socio-economic benefits to farmers. The latest June report revealed that Swiss scientists have discovered new ways to produce healthier and more sustainable chocolate. The traditional sugar in chocolates is replaced by cocoa pod’s waste plant matter. Sustainable chocolate recipe uses mashed pulp(浆状物) and husk(外皮) of the cocoa pod instead of beans. Unlike the usual chocolate, the researchers noted nutritional improvement. Another aspect of the report is environmental benefits. Conventional methods can damage land and use excessive water. The new method reduces water and land usage by 6%. Additionally, it can potentially reduce emissions by utilizing solar drying methods. For farmers who have struggled against climate change and dry conditions, the study highlights that it has a local economic impact. This can drive a new revenue stream(收入来源) for local farmers, particularly for areas where cocoa is grown. While the chocolate uses a new recipe, the result explains that it is identical to other traditional dark chocolate in terms of taste and texture. Additionally, the report emphasized that there is still a need for a pilot study (试点研究) . According to a report, people who consume these chocolates can notice slight differences in flavor and sweetness. The chocolate industry is considered a $100 billion industry. Although chocolates may taste delicious, they contribute more to pollution and waste. Adopting sustainable chocolates can potentially make a significant impact on the environment amidst growing concerns about climate change and habitat warming. Recent findings showed that 70% of cocoa beans are found in West Africa, and there is an increasing demand for cocoa globally. However, Africa has been at risk of climate effects, causing frequent droughts and high temperatures. As cocoa demand soars(猛增), deforestation can likely become more widespread, which could exacerbate climate change. As a result, offering environment-friendly and sustainable ways to produce chocolates is crucial. 1. What do we know from the first two paragraphs? A. Chocolate production costs too much natural resources. B. Chocolate production has impacts on health and environment. C. Chocolate production can increase income for local farmers. D. Chocolate production has been greatly improved so far. 2. What is the author’s attitude towards the new ways of producing chocolates? A. Satisfied. B. Uncertain. C. Objective. D. Subjective. 3. What can we infer about the new recipe for chocolates? A. It does great harm to the environment. B. It costs too much water. C. It doesn’t taste good enough. D. It is still not so perfect so far. 4. What does the underlined word “exacerbate” in the last paragraph mean? A. Promote. B. Extend. C. Worsen. D. Relieve. Passage 2 (2025届江西省南昌市高三下学期第一次模拟测试英语试题)For thousands of years, people have changed food to please their sense of taste. More than 3, 000years ago Mesoamericans, living in what is Mexico and Central America today, cooked com kernels(玉米粒) in a solution of wood ash or limestone. The process unlocked nutrients and softened the tough outer shells of the corn, making it easier to chew. With the invention of canned goods in the 19th century, the industrial-scale transformation of food became possible. According to the UN, the average daily food supply available for a person in the rich world increased by over 20% between 1961 and 2021, to 3, 500 kilocalories. In that time, obesity rates have more than tripled; today, nearly one in three people globally is obese or overweight. Now worries are mounting that the heavy processing used to cook up cheap, tasty snacks may itself be harmful. A parțicular target is “ultra-processed foods” (UPFs), heavily processed foods like ice-cream or instant noodles. At the heart of the debate is a question: are UPFs unhealthy because their nutritional content is poor, or does the processing somehow pose risks in itself? At the turn of the 21st century some scientists noticed that people in Brazil were buying less sugar and oil than in the past. Yet rates of obesity were still rising. This unintentionally occurred with the growing popularity of packaged desserts and ready-made meals. By now numerous studies have shown that people who consume diets high in UPFs tend to have more health problems. But a recent analysis by Samuel Dicken and Rachel Batterham at University College London reviewed 37 studies and found that even after adjusting for fat, sugar and salt UPFs were still strongly linked to poor health. That suggests there is more to their harm than just a poor nutrient profile. Where those harms come from is still unclear, however. With so many influential causes that could also explain poor health — such as income and education — observational studies alone cannot offer conclusive answers. Arne Astrup, a Danish researcher, argues that evidently most of the studies that make statistical adjustments to try to isolate(分离) the effects of processing are “not good enough”. 1. Why did Mesoamericans process corn kernels? A. To ensure better consumption. B. To enable easy handling. C. To discover new solutions. D. To facilitate safe storage. 2. What do the data in paragraph 2 show? A. The history of food industry. B. The benefits of preserved food. C. The results of food mass production. D. The development of food processing. 3. What can be inferred about ultra-processed foods? A. Their popularity is in decline. B. Their presence changes Brazilians’ diet. C. Their nutrients can make up for their risks. D. Their processing methods arouse concerns. 4. Why do observational studies fail to determine the effects of UPFs? A. Many factors affect the results. B. The related statistics are inaccurate. C. The studies lack enough evidence. D. The causes of harm remain unknown. Passage 3 （24-21学年高二上·山东省潍坊·期末）When discussions are getting heated, divisions on opinions potentially lead to some awkward moments. This causes many of us to struggle with how to convince people to change their minds and how to argue our side effectively. Unfortunately, we’ve already become quite divided. One study showed that when people receive information against their beliefs, their brains aren’t as active as when they receive information that confirms their beliefs. Humans have a well- documented bias (偏见) called the “confirmation bias”, which is a tendency to seek out information that confirms our existing views and to avoid information that disconfirms them. Throwing data at people isn’t at all effective in changing minds and especially hearts. Instead, people just find it super annoying. Luckily, research has provided some guidance about best practices, and, not surprisingly, they all suggest what our parents have been telling us for decades: You catch more flies with honey than with vinegar. In fact, it turns out that instead of citing why you are right and someone else is wrong in a heated conversation, one of the most effective strategies you can use for changing someone’s mind is to find areas where you agree. Another thing we can do is to be open to other perspectives (观点) . We can start by acknowledging our own confirmation bias and making a conscious effort to override it. We can also try to take other people’s perspectives. And better yet — ask them for it. Ask them why they feel the way they do and what would change their mind. Be open to admitting that you could be wrong and make it easy for others to admit their own mistakes. Finally, make new friends — friends that are different from you. Make your bias a disconfirmation bias;in other words, when you have an opinion on something, don’t just read information that confirms it. Instead, make an effort to find information that could potentially prove you wrong. If you were right all along, this exercise will only make your arguments stronger. If you were wrong, your mind will have been opened up to new ideas. Either way, this kind of open-mindedness will give you a brand-new perspective on life, and you might even make some unlikely new friends in the process. 1．Which can illustrate “confirmation bias”? A．We tend to welcome different ideas. B．We accept messages from the others. C．We argue against points of disagreement. D．We prefer information in line with our views 2．What does the underlined word “honey”in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Following advice. B．Sharing common ground. C．Admitting mistakes. D．Blocking different ideas. 3．How can we benefit from our bias according to the last paragraph? A．By letting go of our own opinion. B．By making arguments more reliable. C．By opening up minds to new friends. D．By securing information opposite to ours. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．How to negotiate with others B．Why it’s so hard to change hearts and minds C．How to shift minds in polarized communication D．Why open-mindedness is effective in conversations Passage 4 （23-24学年高二上·山东临沂·期末）If you had to use one word to define yourself, what would it be? Imagine trying to summarize your entire being in just one word or two — a challenging task indeed. Labels, like “confident” or “creative”, may suggest certain aspects, but they can never fully capture the richness and depth of a person’s character. Labels take on an “all-or-nothing” meaning. Someone either is something, or they’re not. The biggest problem with labeling people is that it oversimplifies their complex nature. Using labels infers people’s current behavior is fixed, but people change. As they learn, they grow, and someone we think of in a certain way today might not remain the same in a few months or years. When we label people, we deny their complexity, their right to change, and their richness as human beings. Furthermore, labels can become self-fulfilling prophecies (预言). When people are constantly told they are a certain way, they may start to remember these labels and act accordingly. This hinders their potential for growth and development, as they may feel trapped by social expectations. For example, if parents label a child as “annoying” or “a complainer”, the child may feel their needs aren’t important. Over time, being ignored for complaining too much can lead the child to believe that expressing their needs is not acceptable. Consequently, their self-perception (自我认知) may suffer, and they may even start to devalue themselves as a result. Linguist Benjamin Whorf once argued that the words we use to describe what we see are rarely objective, as they carry personally prejudice. Labels can be harmful because they can reduce individuals to a single characteristic or stereotype (刻板印象). Therefore, we should be mindful of the language we use and the labels we attach to people. By adopting a more open view of life, people, and events, we can appreciate the richness and diversity of human experience, and cope with the complexities of our interconnected world. 1．What is the biggest problem with labeling people? A．It expresses a subjective opinion. B．It denies the complexity of humans. C．It overstates people’s shortcomings. D．It ignores goodness in human nature. 2．What does the underlined word “hinders” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Exposes. B．Cultivates. C．Restricts. D．Determines. 3．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．To present the bad effects of labeling on people. B．To show the importance of using language skillfully. C．To prove people’s natural tendency for being prejudiced. D．To encourage people to take an open-minded perspective. 4．Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text? A．Stop Labeling People B．Define Yourself Objectively C．Children Suffer a Lot from Labels D．Different Individuals Diversify the World Passage5 （2026届浙江省台州高三一模英语试题）Don’t Rush Through Books I love books. I love reading. I do it as much as I can. I tell people they should do the same. But when I hear that people are using apps to try to read more in less time, I just shake my head. Guys, you’re doing it wrong! Reading is like eating, dating, and travelling. The whole point is that it’s pleasurable and meaningful. 1 Unfortunately, reading always falls victim to seeking productivity shortcuts. People may rush through books over dinner table to save ten minutes but willingly fly across the country for a three-day conference where nothing gets accomplished. Actually, such an act tends to be penny wise and pound foolish. 2 Simply put: You don’t need to squeeze reading into the in-between moments of your life; you need to squeeze out the non-essentials and make reading, and reading well, the priority. Once on a flight, I was surrounded by businessmen — the type of people who would say things like “I’m too busy to read”. And what were they doing on this flight? Watching videos, texting, or chatting. I was the only one reading. In two and a half hours, I got all the way through the book. But it wasn’t finishing a book that mattered. 3 The book was about a man’s attempt to retract Coronado’s expedition on horseback. I was transported from that plane to the desert. I was fully engaged. We have to remember: we don’t get a prize at the end of life for having rushed through as many books as possible. Remember: quality over quantity. Always, 4 The time you spend reading them, the time you carved out and gave to the process — that’s what you’ll remember at the end of your life. That is the prize. 5 They don’t fit it in between other tasks they make it the priority. And from that, everything follows: the more you read, the better you get, and the more you want to read. They don’t rush. They savor. And so should you. A．It was those quiet, reflective hours. B．You’re not supposed to rush through it. C．Never miss the chance to win the prize. D．It doesn’t matter how much you end up reading. E．All great readers share one rule: they value reading. F．When I am reading, I feel like someone else understands me. G．What really needs changing is not reading speed but daily priorities. Passage6 （2026届浙江省湖州市吴兴区等5地高三一模英语试题）Nearly 100 bookworms (书迷) walked through the U.S. national Arboretum on Aug. 24, among the sounds of dogs barking, feet marching and police sirens (警笛声) ringing out from a distance. Many walkers didn’t care about those sounds. 1 This was the monthly meeting for Book It Around D．C．, a new club that combines audiobooks and walking. Since starting in March, Book It Around D．C. has grown, bringing together audiobook listeners who said they felt happier or safer in a group. They also said it not only was a pleasure in reading but also brought them a sense of belonging — even if they didn’t talk to each other. “ 2 ” said Bailey, who listened to “The Book Club for Troublesome Women” by Marie Bostwick. 3 This is especially true because a recent study showed that fewer Americans than before read for pleasure. In addition to audiobook clubs, silent book clubs, where people gather to read silently, have grown in popularity across the country. Many readers have found communities on social media, where some of Book It Around D．C.’s members discovered the group through Instagram. On the morning of Aug. 24, Kit Ballenger, a librarian who lives in Montgomery County, set up a foldable table in a parking lot in the southern part of the National Arboretum. 4 They each wrote their first name and current audiobook on a white sticker they stuck to the front of their shirts. The group began walking a few minutes later — some quickly, others slowly — while many walkers opened audiobook apps on their phones. Some walkers used the roughly 90-minute outing to make friends, chatting about their jobs, their favorite books and their go-to grocery stores. 5 After a quiet walk, the lawn filled with chatter (闲聊). A．Books are just like our close friends. B．They were trying to focus on exercise itself. C．Bookworms say they are seeking like-minded people. D．People of all ages carried head phones as they approached the table. E．This feels like something that is beautifully both inward and outward. F．The walkers passed trees, paths and gardens, many stopping to take pictures. G．Instead, they were listening to narrators read audiobooks on their headphones. Passage7 （24-25学年高二上·山东省菏泽·期末）It was my birthday, and I was celebrating it as I had for years: by watching the annual August heavenly wonder, the meteor (流星) shower at night. But this year was 1 . I studied for my graduate degree in medicine, as I had 2 to do for the past 15 years. But now, watching it across the night sky, I began to 3 the path I had taken. In the weeks since starting my courses, I had met people with jobs and Ph.D．s in the areas I had never 4 — neuroscience, archaeology, and even 5 , broadening my horizons. 6 , another event helped me make a decision: a solar eclipse (日食). After the trip along the winding mountain road, I found a 7 spot in a valley surrounded by the mountains, nothing besides occasional birds’ songs. The 8 built as the Moon gradually slid in front of the Sun. Finally, when the world around me became 9 , I knew I had to pursue previously 10 options. The next four years were some of the most 11 of my life. I worked various 12 jobs: washing at restaurants, and then selling clothes at stores. I got a job as a teaching assistant and conducted research. I eventually 13 with another bachelor’s degree in physics, and began a Ph.D．program in astronomy. Now, about to kick off my final year of my Ph.D．, I realize that my 14 for the sky gave me a great gift. It 15 me from allowing earthly worries, shame, or self-doubt to stand in the way of chasing new dreams. 1．A．normal B．different C．diverse D．ordinary 2．A．hesitated B．refused C．feared D．planned 3．A．question B．accept C．follow D．find 4．A．ignored B．recalled C．considered D．admitted 5．A．literature B．astronomy C．history D．geography 6．A．Sadly B．Gradually C．Accidentally D．Eventually 7．A．peaceful B．warm C．muddy D．wild 8．A．panic B．sadness C．anticipation D．confusion 9．A．hot B．noisy C．strange D．dark 10．A．misled B．unimagined C．mismatched D．unspoken 11．A．cheerful B．relaxing C．successful D．challenging 12．A．easy B．stable C．decent D．odd 13．A．trained B．left C．graduated D．struggled 14．A．love B．knowledge C．study D．thinking 15．A．freed B．protected C．banned D．distracted 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $