UNIT 2 Section Ⅲ Extended reading & Project & Assessment（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（译林版）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Scientists say they have developed a system that uses machine learning to predict when and where lightning will strike.Researchers report the system is able to predict lightning strikes up to 30 minutes before they happen within a 30­kilometer area. Lightning is a strong burst of electricity in the atmosphere.Since it carries an extremely powerful electrical charge，it can be destructive and deadly.European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year.For this reason，climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict lightning. The system tested in the experiments uses a combination of data from weather stations and machine learning methods.The researchers developed a prediction model that was trained to recognize weather conditions that were likely to cause lightning. The model was created with data collected over a 12­year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas.The data，related to four main surface conditions：air pressure，air temperature，relative humidity and wind speed，was placed into a unique machine learning algorithm(算法)，which compared it to records of lightning strikes.Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens. The researchers test­ran the system several times.They found that the system made predictions that proved correct almost 80 percent of the time.“It can now be used anywhere，” the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology said in a statement. The researchers plan to keep developing the technology in partnership with a European effort that aims to create a lightning protection program.The effort is called the European Laser Lightning Rod project.Scientists working on the project are experimenting with a laser technology that could someday control lightning activity，transferring lightning charges from clouds to the ground.They hope that such technology can one day be used as protection against lightning strikes.Possible uses could be at stations，airports or places where large crowds gather. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们开发出一种利用机器学习来预测闪电何时何地发生的系统。 1．Why was the system developed? A．To meet kids' curiosity about lightning. B．To show the power of lightning. C．To keep track of lightning deaths. D．To protect people from lightning. 解析　D　推理判断题。由第二段最后两句可知，欧洲研究人员估计，全世界每年有6000到24 000人死于闪电。由于这个原因，气候科学家一直在寻找预测闪电的方法。故选D。 2．What was special about the system? A．It was based on a number of samples worldwide. B．It adopted a different machine learning algorithm. C．It used an effective method of collecting data. D．It required low cost of predicting lightning. 解析　B　细节理解题。由第四段第二句可知，与四个主要表面条件即气压、气温、相对湿度和风速相关的数据被放入一个独特的机器学习算法中，这种算法将数据跟闪电袭击记录作比对。由此可见，这个系统的独特之处在于它独特的算法。故选B。 3．What will the researchers do next with the laser technology? A．Monitor lightning activity. B．Prevent the occurrence of lightning. C．Direct energy from lightning. D．Generate electricity with lightning. 解析　C　推理判断题。由最后一段第三句可知，参与该项目的科学家正在试验一种激光技术，希望有一天这种技术可以控制闪电活动，将闪电电荷从云层转移到地面。利用技术将闪电的电荷转移到地面另做他用，减少危害。换句话说就是控制和利用闪电能量，用作其他用途。故选C。 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A System of Controlling Lightning B．A Method of Forecasting Lightning C．A Theory of Employing Lightning D．A Model of Creating Lightning 解析　B　标题归纳题。由第一段第一句可知，科学家们表示，他们已经开发出一种利用机器学习来预测闪电何时何地发生的系统。也就是一种预测闪电的方法，而且下文主要就是围绕这一点来讲的，故选B。 B A new study suggests Earth could have lost up to 60 percent of its atmosphere in the collision of space objects that created the moon. Most scientists believe this event happened about 4 billion years ago when Earth was still developing. They think a massive object, possibly the size of the planet Mars, hit the Earth, sending vaporized particles into space. Gravity is believed to have brought these particles together to form the moon. The study presents evidence that this collision might have caused Earth to lose between 10 to 60 percent of the atmosphere it had. A report on the study appeared in the publication Astrophysical Journal Letters. The researchers' impact assumption is one of three leading theories of how the moon was formed. The others suggest the moon was either created at the same time as Earth, or that it was captured by Earth's gravitational field as it traveled through space. The researchers decided to explore how massive collisions of objects affected rocky planets with thin atmospheres. To do this, they carried out more than 300 supercomputer simulations (模拟). The experiment considered the positions at which the objects hit the planet, the speed of the impacts, as well as the size and mass of the colliding objects. Earlier research suggested that impact collisions during the latter stages of the formation of a planet can affect its atmosphere. The computer models in this study expanded on this idea. They showed that a collision like the one that may have formed the moon likely took a large part of Earth's atmosphere. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究显示，地球在与其他星体碰撞而产生月球的过程中已经失去了60% 的大气层。 5．What do most scientists believe? A．Earth has lost its atmosphere in the collision. B．The moon was created in the collision of space objects. C．The planet Mars hit Earth about 4 billion years ago. D．The collision of space objects caused the atmosphere to increase. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据第一段中“They think a massive object, possibly the size of the planet Mars, hit the Earth, sending vaporized particles into space. Gravity is believed to have brought these particles together to form the moon.”可知，是引力把这些粒子聚集在一起形成了月球。所以科学家相信，地球与一个尺寸与火星相当的物体碰撞从而形成了月球。故选B。 6．What can we infer from Paragraph 2? A．The collision of Earth and the moon affected gravity. B．The atmosphere on Earth is the cause of the collision. C．Scientists hold different points on how the moon was formed. D．An agreement on the formation of the moon has been reached. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第二段中“The researchers' impact assumption is one of three leading theories of how the moon was formed.”可知，对于月球是如何形成的有三种主要的理论，即科学家们对月球是如何形成的持不同观点。故选C。 7．What does the passage talk about? A．The process of the moon's being formed. B．The heated debate among different scientists. C．The supercomputer experiment of planets' collision. D．The collision of space objects affected Earth's atmosphere. 解析　D　主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段第一句“A new study suggests Earth could have lost up to 60 percent of its atmosphere in the collision of space objects that created the moon.”，第二段第一句“The study presents evidence that this collision might have caused Earth to lose between 10 to 60 percent of the atmosphere it had.”及根据第三段最后一句“They showed that a collision like the one that may have formed the moon likely took a large part of Earth's atmosphere.”可知，本文主要是关于太空物体的碰撞影响了地球的大气层。故选D。 8．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To inform.　　　　　 B．To persuade. C．To debate. D．To warn. 解析　A　推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段第一句“A new study suggests Earth could have lost up to 60 percent of its atmosphere in the collision of space objects that created the moon. ”可知，本文的目的是告知读者一项新的研究。故选A。 Ⅱ.完形填空 For a little girl growing up in Colombia，a science career with NASA may seem impossible.Trujillo，however，is an aerospace 1 who leads a team at the NASA laboratory 2 for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover(火星探测器)． How did Trujillo go from simply dreaming about the universe to 3 exploring it? That's a tale of 4 written in the stars. Born in 1983，even as a young girl Trujillo was 5 of her passion for science.But she doubted how far she'd be able to 6 in a male­dominated field.Then her dad offered to send her to Miami.Only 17 at the time，she 7 the offer. Trujillo took a series of housekeeping 8 to put herself through Miami Dade College.Sometimes she was cleaning bathrooms to help pay her way through her 9 .But she didn't 10 .“I saw everything coming my way as an opportunity.” Then came another life­changing moment.She became the first Hispanic(西班牙语国家的) woman to be 11 to the NASA Academy.Later，she became an engineer at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. This February，when the Perseverance rover 12 on the surface of Mars，it was 13 by commentary(解说) from Trujillo in NASA's first­ever Spanish­language 14 . Trujillo's own story is 15 that just beyond the barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to reach for the stars. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Trujillo作为一名女性，靠着努力和毅力一步步成为美国宇航局的工程师的故事。 1．A.astronaut B．pilot C．engineer D．guide 解析　C　astronaut宇航员；pilot飞行员；engineer工程师；guide指导，向导。根据下文“Later，she became an engineer at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.”可知，她成为美国宇航局工程师，所以此处表示她是航天“工程师”，故选C。 2．A.eager B．responsible C．concerned D．grateful 解析　B　eager 渴望的；responsible负责任的；concerned担心的；grateful感激的。此空是前面laboratory的后置定语，根据句意以及选项意思，可知此处表示的是这个实验室的职责，be responsible for“负责……”，故选B。 3．A.actually B．hardly C．precisely D．repeatedly 解析　A　actually事实上；hardly几乎不；precisely准确地；repeatedly 重复地。此空对应此句中的“dreaming about”，表示的是“从梦想变成了现实”，在现实中真正地探索宇宙。故选A。 4．A.innocence B．kindness C．perseverance D．sympathy 解析　C　innocence无辜，无罪；kindness善良；perseverance毅力；sympathy 同情。根据文章开头“For a little girl growing up in Colombia，a science career with NASA may seem impossible.”可知，对于一个女孩来说，要进入美国宇航局工作是非常难的一件事，而这个女孩做到了，结合选项，所以此处表达她的整个经历是一个关于毅力和坚持的故事。故选C。 5．A.certain B．tolerant C．afraid D．fond 解析　A　certain确信的；tolerant容忍的，宽容的；afraid害怕的，担心的；fond喜爱的。根据上文“How did Trujillo go from simply dreaming about the universe to exploring it？”可知，她一直梦想着探索宇宙，再结合此句中的even，可知此处表达甚至在她还很小的时候，她就确定了对科学的追求和喜爱，故选A。 6．A.respond B．rise C．invest D．apply 解析　B　respond回应；rise上升，地位提高；invest投资，投入；apply申请，应用。根据空后“in a male­dominated field”并结合句意以及选项可知，此处表达在这样一个男性主导的领域里，Trujillo不知道她的努力和坚持能让自己走多远，地位能提高多少，故选B。 7．A.made up B．turned up C．picked up D．took up 解析　D　make up编造；turn up出现，调大；pick up捡起，学会；take up接受(建议或主意)，占据。上文提到她爸爸提出送她去迈阿密，下文提到她去迈阿密上大学，所以此处表示，她接受了爸爸让她去迈阿密的提议。故选D。 8．A.measures B．activities C．jobs D．courses 解析　C　句意为：Trujillo做了许多家政工作，使自己读完了迈阿密戴德学院。measure措施；activity活动；job工作；course课程。故选C。 9．A.studies B．purchases C．recreations D．trips 解析　A　study学习，研究；purchase购买的东西；recreation休闲活动；trip旅行。上题分析提到她做家政工作帮助她读完大学，结合选项可知，此处表示她打扫浴室帮助她完成学业，故选A。 10．A.skip B．panic C．reform D．complain 解析　D　skip 略过；panic 惊慌；reform 改革；complain 抱怨。上文提到为了完成学业，她要做家政工作，此句用到转折词“But”，再根据空后“I saw everything coming my way as an opportunity”可知，此处表示，尽管完成学业不易，但是她不抱怨，故选D。 11．A.applied B．admitted C．assigned D．introduced 解析　B　apply申请，应用；admit承认，准许……进入；assign分配，分派；introduce介绍。根据上文“Then came another life­changing moment.”可知，此处表示她被美国宇航局学院录取，这是她人生的转折点，be admitted to“被……录取”，故选B。 12．A.originated B．sank C．landed D．waited 解析　C　originate起源；sink下沉；land降落，着陆；wait等待。根据此空的主语、空后地点状语以及选项可知，此处表示的是“毅力号”在火星表面着陆，故选C。 13．A.accompanied B．restricted C．enhanced D．teased 解析　A　accompany陪伴，伴随；restrict限制；enhance增强；tease取笑，戏弄。结合上文以及空后“by commentary(解说) from Trujillo in NASA's...”可知，此处表示的是“毅力号”着陆时，同时伴随着广播中Trujillo的西班牙语解说，故选A。 14．A.theory B．broadcast C．criticism D．performance 解析　B　theory 理论；broadcast 广播节目；criticism 批评；performance 表演，表现。参考上题解析，故选B。 15．A.enterprise B．information C．competence D．proof 解析　D　句意为：Trujillo自己的故事证明，越过障碍，有一个充满机遇的宇宙在等待着任何愿意全力以赴去够星星的人。enterprise 公司；information 信息；competence 能力，胜任；proof 证据，证明。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $