Unit 1 Lifestyles 合成词，及物动词与不及物动词，条件状语从句（单元核心语法精练）英语新教材北师大版八年级下册

Unit 1 Lifestyles 核心语法精练（ 合成词，及物动词与不及物动词，条件状语从句） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单项选择 7 二、完成句子 3 三、将A栏单词与B栏单词重新组合成一个新单词 4 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一 语法填空 11 题型二 阅读理解 12 合成词 一、核心定义 合成词（Compound Words） 是由两个或两个以上独立单词按照一定规则组合而成，形成新词义、新词性的词汇，是英语词汇拓展的重要方式，也是初高中英语考试的基础考点。 二、常见构成类型及示例 1. 复合名词（Compound Nouns） 由两个或多个单词组合，构成新的名词，是初高中阶段最常考查的合成词类型，主要有三种书写形式： 连写式：两个单词直接拼成一个词 例： classroom （class + room）、 toothbrush （tooth + brush）、 notebook （note + book） 分写式：两个单词独立书写，中间有空格 例： bus stop （公交车站）、 peanut butter （花生酱）、 phone number （电话号码） 连字符式：两个单词之间加连字符连接 例： mother-in-law （岳母/婆婆）、 passer-by （路人）、 well-known （知名的，注：虽常作形容词，但词根为名词组合） 2. 复合形容词（Compound Adjectives） 多为连字符式，常作定语修饰名词，中考、高考语法填空和短文改错中高频出现： 形容词 + 名词 + -ed 例： kind-hearted （好心的）、 cold-blooded （冷血的） 数词 + 名词（单数） 例： five-year-old （五岁的）、 ten-minute （十分钟的） 副词 + 现在分词/过去分词 例： hard-working （勤奋的）、 well-done （做得好的） 名词 + 现在分词/过去分词 例： peace-loving （热爱和平的）、 man-made （人造的） 3. 复合动词（Compound Verbs） 构成方式较灵活，多为实用高频词汇： 名词 + 动词 例： sunbathe （sun + bathe，日光浴）、 waterproof （water + proof，做防水处理） 副词 + 动词 例： overcome （over + come，克服）、 underline （under + line，强调；下划线标注） 短语动词转化（部分） 例： whitewash （white + wash，粉刷） 4. 复合代词（Compound Pronouns） 由代词或限定词加后缀构成，词义明确且用法固定： 由  some/ any/ no/ every-  +  -body / -one / -thing  构成 例： somebody （某人）、 anything （任何事物）、 everyone （每个人） 由  self  构成（反身代词） 例： myself （我自己）、 themselves （他们自己）。 及物动词与不及物动词 1、 核心定义 1.  及物动词（Transitive Verb, 简称 vt.） 后面必须跟宾语，才能使句子意思完整的动词，宾语可直接承受该动词的动作。 2. 不及物动词（Intransitive Verb, 简称 vi.） 本身意义完整，后面不需要跟宾语就能表达清晰语义的动词，若要接宾语，需在动词后加合适的介词。 二、核心用法与示例 1. 及物动词的用法 直接接宾语，构成“主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语”的基本句型。 例：She likes music.（like 是及物动词，music 是宾语） 例：They finished their homework.（finish 是及物动词，their homework 是宾语） 部分及物动词可接双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），或用于复合宾语结构（宾语+宾语补足语）。 例：My mother gave me a book.（give 是及物动词，me 是间接宾语，a book 是直接宾语） 例：We keep the room clean.（keep 是及物动词，the room 是宾语，clean 是宾语补足语） 2. 不及物动词的用法 单独使用，构成“主语 + 不及物动词”的句型。 例：The sun rises.（rise 是不及物动词，无需宾语） 例：He sleeps well.（sleep 是不及物动词，well 是副词作状语） 若需接宾语，必须先加介词，再跟宾语。 例：She listens to music every day.（listen 是不及物动词，后接介词 to 才能跟宾语 music） 例：They arrived at the station on time.（arrive 是不及物动词，接小地点时加介词 at） 条件状语从句 一、核心定义 条件状语从句是在复合句中表示主句动作发生前提条件的从句，由特定连词引导，通常可置于主句之前（用逗号隔开）或之后（不用逗号）。 二、分类及常用引导词 表示有可能实现的条件，主句和从句的时态遵循“主将从现、主情从现、主祈从现”的规则。 引导词：if（如果）、unless（除非，相当于if…not）、as long as（只要）、so long as（只要） 时态规则 1. 主将从现：主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时 例：If it rains tomorrow, we will not go camping. 2. 主情从现：主句用情态动词（can/may/must等），从句用一般现在时 例：You can pass the exam as long as you work hard. 3. 主祈从现：主句为祈使句，从句用一般现在时 例：Don’t leave unless the teacher tells you to. 一、单项选择 1．Which of the following words is a compound word (合成词)? A．Healthy. B．Passport. C．Illness. D．Helpful. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：下列哪个单词是合成词？ 考查词性辨析。Healthy健康的，是形容词，由“health+y”构成，属于派生词；Passport护照，是名词，由“pass+port”构成，属于合成词；Illness疾病，是名词，由“ill+ness”构成，属于派生词；Helpful有帮助的，是形容词，由“help+ful”构成，属于派生词。所以只有Passport是合成词，故选B。 2．Which of the following words is formed in the same way as the word “driveway”? A．invention B．necessary C．unlucky D．playground 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下面哪个单词的构成方式与“driveway”相同？ 考查构词法。“driveway”由“drive”和“way”组成，属于合成词。invention是“invent”的名词形式，通过在动词后加后缀“-ion”构成，属于派生词；necessary是形容词，由词根“necess-”加后缀“-ary”构成，属于派生词；unlucky是“lucky”的反义词，通过在形容词前加前缀“un-”构成，属于派生词；playground由“play”和“ground”两个词组成，属于合成词，与“driveway”的构成方式相同。故选D。 3．—Which of the following words is NOT a compound word? —________. A．Grandson B．Careless C．Railway D．Rainstorm 【答案】B 【详解】句意：以下哪个单词不是复合词？ 考查复合词辨析。Grandson孙子；Careless粗心的；Railway铁路；Rainstorm暴风雨。 复合词是由两个或多个单词组成的新单词。“Grandson”由“grand”和“son”组成；“Railway”由“rail”和“way”组成；“Rainstorm”由“rain”和“storm”组成；而“Careless”是由“care”加后缀“-less”构成的派生词，不是复合词。故选B。 4．Which of the following words is not a compound word? A．hard-working B．outbreak C．watermelon D．illness 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下列哪个单词不是复合词？ 考查复合词。“hard-working”是“hard”和“working”组成的复合词；“outbreak”是“out”和“break”组成的复合词；“watermelon”是“water”和“melon”组成的复合词；“illness”是由“ill”加后缀“ness”构成的派生词，不是复合词。故选D。 5．The word “________” is formed the same way as “spacecraft”. A．pollution B．uncertain C．interplanetary D．necklace 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“necklace”一词与“spacecraft”一词的构成方式相同。 考查构词法。pollution是由动词“pollute”（污染）加上后缀“-ion”派生而成，表示“污染状态”，属于派生词；uncertain是由形容词“certain”（确定的）加上前缀“un-”（表示否定）派生而成，意思是“不确定的”，属于派生词；interplanetary是由前缀“inter-”（表示“之间”）和词根“planetary”（行星的）组合而成，但“planetary”本身是派生词（来自“planet”），因此整体属于派生词；necklace是由两个独立单词“neck”（脖子）和“lace”（带子）组合而成的复合词。spacecraft是由两个独立单词“space”（太空）和“craft”（船）组合而成的复合词，意思是“航天器”，与necklace构词法相同。故选D。 6．Which of the following words is a compound word (合成词)? A．Healthy. B．Blackboard. C．Illness. D．Helpful. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：下列哪个单词是合成词？ 考查合成词。healthy健康的，不是合成词；blackboard (black+board) 黑板，是合成词；illness疾病，名词，不是合成词；helpful有帮助的，不是合成词。根据题意可知，blackboard是合成词。故选B。 7．Which of the following words is formed in the same way as “snowstorm”? A．artist B．illness C．government D．daylight 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下列哪个词与“snowstorm”的构成方式相同？ 考查合成词。snowstorm“暴风雪”，是由两个名词snow和storm构成的名词，选项中daylight也是由两个名词day和light构成的名词，与snowstorm的构成方式相同。故选D。 8．Which of the following words is a compound word like “wartime”? A．impatient B．schoolwork C．German D．carelessness 【答案】B 【详解】句意：下面哪个单词是和“wartime”一样的复合词？ 考查合成词。impatient不耐烦的；schoolwork学业；German德国人；carelessness粗心。根据四个选项可知，schoolwork是复合词，由“school”和“work”合成，故选B。 9．Tom ________ home early every day. A．gets to B．arrives at C．arrives D．arrives in 【答案】C 【详解】句意：汤姆每天都很早到家。 考查动词短语。gets to到达，后接地点名词；arrives at到达，后接小地方；arrives到达，不及物动词；arrives in到达，后接大地方。空后home为副词，其前不能用介词，arrive home“到家”，动词短语。故选C。 10．________! Can you ________ the birds singing in the tree. A．Listen; hear B．Hear; listen C．Listen; listen D．Hear; hear 【答案】A 【详解】句意：听！你能听到树上的鸟儿在唱歌吗？ 考查动词用法。listen听，不及物动词；hear听，及物动词。第一个空后无宾语，填不及物动词的listen；第二个空后直接接宾语the birds，填及物动词hear。故选A。 11．—The price of vegetables ________ so quickly these days. —Oh, no. I don’t think so. A．affords B．rises C．improves D．raises 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这些天蔬菜的价格涨得真快。——哦，不。我不这么想。 考查动词辨析。affords付得起；rises上升，不及物动词；improves提高；raises上升，及物动词。根据“The price of vegetables”可知，此处指价格上升，且没有宾语，故选B。 12．Li Hong is a friendly girl. She ______ everyone in her class, so she has many friends. A．looks after B．gets along well with C．takes care of D．agrees with 【答案】B 【详解】句意：李红是一个友好的女孩。她与班上的每个人相处融洽，所以她有很多朋友。 考查动词短语。look after照顾；gets along well with与……相处融洽；takes care of照顾；agrees with同意。根据上下文，友好的女孩和有很多朋友强调人际关系和谐，B项最符合语境。故选B。 13．—How are you going to ________ your dream? —By working hard, of course. A．come true B．go out C．realize D．stop 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你打算怎样实现你的梦想？——当然是通过努力工作。 考查动词及动词短语辨析。come true实现，但为不及物动词，不能直接接宾语；go out出去；realize实现，为及物动词，可接宾语；stop停止。根据“How are you going to...your dream?”可知，此处指实现梦想，realize one’s dream为固定搭配，意为“实现某人的梦想”。故选C。 14．—What kind of home do you want to________? —A flat________ three bedrooms. A．live; has B．live; with C．live in; has D．live in; with 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你想住在什么样的房子里？——一个有三间卧室的公寓。 考查动词和介词。live居住，不及物动词，后面接宾语时要加介词in；with具有，带有，介词。第一空，want to后跟动词原形，且home是live in的宾语，所以用live in；第二空，作后置定语修饰名词a flat，所以用with。故选D。 15．—Do you know when Amy will arrive in Nanchang? —Sorry, I don’t know. If she _________, I will give you a call. A．will arrive B．is arriving C．arrived D．arrives 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你知道艾米什么时候会到达南昌吗？——抱歉，我不知道。如果她到达了，我会给你打电话。 考查if条件句的用法。在if引导的条件状语从句中，表示将来可能发生的情况时，从句需用一般现在时表示将来，主句用将来时。根据语法规则，从句应使用一般现在时表示将来。故选D。 16．—How will you spend this winter holiday? —If I ________ free, I ________ to Hainan with my family. A．will be; will go B．am; will go C．am; go D．will be; go 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你打算怎么过这个寒假？——如果我有空，我将和我的家人去海南。 考查条件状语从句。该句是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句主语是“I”，be动词填am；主句用“will go”表将来。故选B。 17．If it ______ tomorrow, we’ll go hiking in the mountains. A．doesn’t rain B．won’t rain C．didn’t rain D．isn’t raining 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果明天不下雨，我们就去山里徒步旅行。 考查if引导的条件状语从句的“主将从现”原则。在if引导的条件状语从句中，当主句为一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时表示将来。根据“we’ll go hiking in the mountains”可知，从句需用一般现在时，因此“doesn’t rain”符合要求。故选A。 18．—It's hard for Tina to lose weight. —________ she eats less and exercises more every day. A．Unless B．If C．After D．Until 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——蒂娜减肥很难。——除非她每天少吃多运动。 考查连词辨析。Unless除非；If如果；After在……之后；Until直到。根据“It’s hard for Tina to lose weight.”以及“she eats less and exercises more every day”可知，蒂娜减肥确实很难，后半句是条件状语从句，表示“除非”，所以用unless。故选A。 19．We can have a wonderful future ______ we work hard. A．although B．because C．if D．so 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果我们努力工作，我们可以有一个美好的未来。 考查连词词义辨析。although尽管，引导让步状语从句；because因为，引导原因状语从句；if如果，引导条件状语从句；so所以，表结果。“努力工作”是“有美好未来”的条件，用“if”，故选C。 20．—It is impossible to finish the difficult work in such a short time on my own ________ both of us work together. —No problem. Let’s start! A．if B．but C．because D．unless 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我一个人不可能在这么短的时间内完成这项艰巨的工作，除非我们两个一起合作。——没问题。我们开始吧！ 考查连词辨析。if如果；but但是；because因为；unless除非。根据“It is impossible to finish the difficult work in such a short time on my own…both of us work together.”可知，此处表示除非两人合作，否则一个人不可能在短时间内完成工作。故选D。 二、完成句子 21．如果不下雨，我们就去公园露营。 If it doesn’t rain, we camping in the park. 【答案】 will/can go 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“就去”对应的英文表达。“去露营”常用短语为“go camping”。本句是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，也可表示“能够去”，can表示“能够”，符合语境。  故填will/can；go。   22．如果天晴，我喜欢在河里游泳。 If sunny, I swim in the river. 【答案】 it is like to 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“天晴”和“喜欢”。“如果天晴”对应的是if 引导的条件状语从句，“天晴”常用“it is sunny”表达；“喜欢做某事”用“like to do sth.”的结构。故填it；is；like；to。 23．如果我们坚持我们的目标，总有一天我们会成功的。 If we our goals, we will succeed one day. 【答案】 stick to 【详解】对比中英文可知，空格处需填入表示“坚持”的短语，其英文表达为stick to，动词短语；句子为含if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句时态为一般将来时，从句时态为一般现在时，且主语为“we”，谓语动词stick应用其原形。故填stick；to。 24．如果你坚持你的学习计划，你肯定会取得进步。 If you your study plan, you will surely make progress. 【答案】 stick to 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“坚持”。stick to“坚持”，动词短语。根据“If”可知，if引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此用动词原形。故填stick；to。 25．学习上，不进则退。 You in study. 【答案】will fall behind if you don’t move forward 【详解】if引导条件状语从句时，遵循“主将从现”原则，即从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。fall behind“落后，退步”；move forward“前进”。从句是否定句，主语是you，助动词用don’t。故填will fall behind if you don’t move forward。 26．除非你上课认真听讲，不然你就做不出这些数学题。 you listen carefully in class, you work these Maths problems out. 【答案】 Unless won’t/can’t 【详解】unless“除非”，引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则；从句用一般现在时，主句应含有情态动词can或主句用一般将来时，其结构为“will do”；主句为否定句，第二空应用won’t/can’t；且句首首字母要大写。故填Unless；won’t/can’t。 27．除非我们意识到电脑的重要性，否则我们将无法正确地使用它们。 we are aware of the importance of computers, we them in a right way. 【答案】 Unless can’t use 【详解】unless“除非”；can’t use“无法使用”。故填Unless；can’t；use。 28．除非你放弃，否则你会意识到你可以成功的。 you give up, you will you can be successful. 【答案】 Unless realize 【详解】第一空缺少unless“除非”，引导条件状语从句，位于句首首字母要大写，第二空缺少realize“意识到”，是动词，will后接动词原形，故填Unless；realize。 29．如果他不能把他的尾巴藏起来，他就不能把自己变成人。 he can hide his tail, he cannot himself into a person. 【答案】 Unless turn/change 【详解】如果不：unless；把自己变成人：turn/change oneself into a person。情态动词后加动词原形。故填Unless；turn/change。 30．除非我们向别人倾诉，否则我们肯定会感觉更糟。 we talk to someone, we . 【答案】 Unless will feel worse 【详解】unless引导的条件状语从句与if引导的条件状语从句一样，也遵循“主将从现”的原则，feel worse感到更糟糕，故答案为(1). Unless     (2). will    (3). be   (4). worse 。 三、将A栏单词与B栏单词重新组合成一个新单词。（每词仅限使用一次） A栏 grand snow black out class basket play B栏 side mate man ground ball board father 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 【答案】31．grandfather 32．snowman 33．blackboard 34．outside 35．classmate 36．basketball 37．playground 【解析】31．分析两栏中的词汇可知，grand + father = grandfather（祖父）。故填 grandfather。 32．分析两栏中的词汇可知，snow + man = snowman（雪人）。故填 snowman。 33．分析两栏中的词汇可知，black + board = blackboard（黑板）。故填 blackboard。 34．分析两栏中的词汇可知，out + side = outside（外面）。故填 outside。 35．分析两栏中的词汇可知，class + mate = classmate（同学）。故填 classmate。 36．分析两栏中的词汇可知，basket + ball = basketball（篮球）。故填 basketball。 37．分析两栏中的词汇可知，play + ground = playground（操场）。故填 playground。 题型一 语法填空 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Breakfast gives us energy for the morning. What’s the best drink for breakfast? Most people may say milk. Yes. Doctors always say it’s 1 good habit to drink milk every day. It has lots of nutrients (营养物质) to help build up 2 (child). Calcium (钙) in milk gives us strong teeth. Vitamins (维生素) in it are necessary nutrients for our body. There 3 (be) many micro elements (微量元素) in milk, too. They can make us smarter. Also, studies show milk can even make 4 (woman) look more beautiful. Milk is great! But you may not believe milk may cause many 5 (healthy) problems. For example, it can make people fat. For those very fat people, stopping 6 (drink) it can help a lot. Also, it is 7 (danger) to take medicine with milk. And a glass of milk 8 bedtime may cause a toothache if you don’t brush your teeth after that. So should we drink milk? Milk may not be a perfect drink. But it 9 (give) us a lot of nutrients. Drink milk if you like it, 10 not because you think it is the best thing. And drink proper (适量的) milk each time. 【答案】 1．a 2．children 3．are 4．women 5．health 6．drinking 7．dangerous 8．before 9．gives 10．but 【导语】本文介绍了早餐的最佳饮品牛奶，阐述了它的营养好处以及可能带来的健康问题。 1．句意：医生总是说每天喝牛奶是一个好习惯。根据“good habit”可知，a good habit表示“一个好习惯”，为常用表达；habit是可数名词单数，good以辅音音素开头，表示泛指需用不定冠词a。故填a。 2．句意：它含有大量营养物质来帮助孩子成长。child是可数名词，此处表示泛指用复数形式，故填children。 3．句意：牛奶中也有许多微量元素。根据“many micro elements (微量元素)”可知，主语是复数，文章时态为一般现在时，be动词用are。故填are。 4．句意：研究表明牛奶甚至能让女性看起来更美丽。woman是可数名词，此处表示泛指，用复数形式women，故填women。 5．句意：但你可能不相信牛奶可能会导致许多健康问题。health problems表示“健康问题”，用名词health修饰problems，故填health。 6．句意：对于那些非常胖的人来说，停止喝牛奶会有很大帮助。根据“stopping”可知，stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”，drink的动名词是drinking，故填drinking。 7．句意：而且用牛奶吃药是危险的。根据“it is”可知，is后接形容词，danger的形容词形式是dangerous，故填dangerous。 8．句意：如果睡前喝一杯牛奶后不刷牙，可能会导致牙痛。根据“bedtime”可知，这里表示在睡前喝牛奶。before“在……之前”符合题意。故填before。 9．句意：但它给我们提供了很多营养物质。根据“it”可知，主语it是第三人称单数，文章时态为一般现在时，give的第三人称单数形式是gives。故填gives。 10．句意：如果你喜欢就喝牛奶，但不是因为你认为它是最好的东西。根据“not because you think it is the best thing.”可知，前后为转折关系，即喜欢就喝，但是牛奶不是最好的东西，且需要适量饮用。故填but。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(共10小题，每小题1分) Healthy eating habits are becoming more and more important. A study shows that 40% of parents in the UK are using health apps to check their children’s diet every day now. Last year, a study 1 (find) that 33% of parents in the US use tools 2 (keep) watching on their children’s food choices. With these apps, parents feel closer to their children’s health than before even when they’re at school. Although many parents want to know 3 their child is eating, some people think that such close monitoring is bad 4 children. What do you think? Should parents track their 5 (children) eating habits? These apps mean that parents know what their children are eating. They can also set alerts (提醒) for themselves, so they know when 6 (they) children choose healthy food or need to improve their diet. This makes parents feel safe and 7 (relax). Instead of 8 (be) worried about their children’s eating habits, parents can relax because they’ll get suggestions for healthy meals. These apps also give young people 9 taste of independence, especially if their parents would not let them choose food so freely. However, such close monitoring takes away a big part of childhood. If young people know their parents are “watching” their every meal, they won’t have the same enjoyment and feeling of freedom in food 10 (choice). Young people may also become too worried about their diet. 【答案】 1．found 2．to keep 3．what 4．for 5．children’s 6．their 7．relaxed 8．being 9．a 10．choices 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了父母使用健康应用程序监控孩子饮食习惯的现象及其利弊。 1．句意：去年，一项研究发现，美国33%的家长使用工具来持续关注孩子的食物选择。句中时间状语“Last year”表明动作发生在过去，谓语动词需用一般过去时，“find”的过去式是“found”。故填found。 2．句意：去年，一项研究发现，美国33%的家长使用工具来持续关注孩子的食物选择。此处用不定式“to keep”作目的状语，说明使用工具的目的是持续关注孩子的食物选择。故填to keep。 3．句意：尽管许多家长想知道他们的孩子在吃什么，但是一些人认为这种密切的监控对孩子不好。“know”后是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语（表示“什么”），所以用“what”引导。故填what。 4．句意：尽管许多家长想知道他们的孩子在吃什么，但是一些人认为这种密切的监控对孩子不好。“be bad for”是固定搭配，意为“对……有害”。故填for。 5．句意：家长应该追踪他们孩子的饮食习惯吗？此处表示“孩子的”饮食习惯，要用名词所有格形式，“children”的所有格是“children’s”。故填children’s。 6．句意：他们也可以为自己设置提醒，这样他们就知道什么时候他们的孩子选择了健康的食物或者需要改善饮食。修饰名词“children”，要用形容词性物主代词“their”。故填their。 7．句意：这让家长感到安全和放松。“feel”是系动词，后接形容词作表语，“relaxed”表示“感到放松的”，用来描述人的感受。故填relaxed。 8．句意：不用再担心孩子的饮食习惯，家长可以放松，因为他们会得到健康饮食的建议。“instead of”是介词短语，后接动名词，“be”的动名词是“being”。故填being。 9．句意：这些应用程序也让年轻人尝到了独立的滋味，尤其是如果他们的父母不让他们那么自由地选择食物的话。“a taste of”是固定搭配，意为“……的滋味”。故填a。 10．句意：如果年轻人知道父母在“监视”他们的每一顿饭，他们在食物选择上就不会有同样的乐趣和自由感。“choice”是可数名词，此处表示泛指的食物选择，要用复数形式“choices”。故填choices。 题型二 阅读理解 Shenzhen is the first city in China to ask schools to have daily P.E. classes for primary and middle school students. Buxin Primary School in Luohu District has a “3+1+1” model—three P.E. classes, one music-based exercise class and one sports game class. This makes sure that students have five P.E. classes per week. Then there is a new problem: there aren’t enough P.E. teachers. Buxin Primary School lets teachers from other subjects teach some P.E. classes. For example, Liu Xunhua, a Chinese teacher, is also a part-time P.E. teacher. He says daily P.E. classes are good for students’ health and he supports the idea. Besides, many schools don’t have much space for the new P.E. classes. To solve the problem, Longhua Foreign Languages School makes full use of space in the school. For example, students can run uphill (朝上坡方向) and jump on steps. If there are too many P.E. classes at the same time, teachers will take students to the public basketball court (公共篮球场) near the school. It’s just across the street from the school playground. Students enjoy daily P.E. classes. Yuan Yinuo, a sixth grader, thinks sports can make students feel less stressed in daily study and before exams. Chen Xinru, an eighth grader, says daily P.E. classes can help them improve their studies. However, some parents are worried about daily P.E. classes taking up the learning time for other subjects, although they know the importance of P.E. classes. Now, many other big cities like Beijing and Shanghai are also trying out daily P.E. classes. They want to make sure that students get enough exercise at school. 1．How many P.E. classes do students at Buxin Primary School have per week? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The ways of solving the space problem. B．The lack (缺乏) of P.E. teachers in schools. C．The importance of P.E. classes in students’ study. D．The different views of students on daily P.E. classes 3．What do the underlined words “less stressed” mean in English? A．More tired. B．More relaxed. C．Less bored. D．Less excited. 4．Which is the right structure (结构) of the text? (①= Paragraph 1, ②= Paragraph 2…) A．①②③④/⑤ B．①/②③④⑤ C．①②/③④/⑤ D．①/②③/④/⑤ 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文介绍了深圳率先提出中小学生每天一节体育课，文章介绍了实施该措施出现的问题以及老师、学生和家长对此的态度和评价。 1．细节理解题。根据第1段“Buxin Primary School in Luohu District has a “3+1+1” model—three P.E. classes, one music-based exercise class and one sports game class. This makes sure that students have five P.E. classes per week.”可知，罗湖区布心小学的学生每周有五节体育课。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据第3段“Besides, many schools don’t have much space for the new P.E. classes. To solve the problem, Longhua Foreign Languages School makes full use of space in the school.”可知，本段以龙华区外国语学校为例，介绍了应对校园内体育活动空间不足的一些举措。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据第4段“Students enjoy daily P.E. classes.”可知，此句是说六年级学生袁一诺认为每天一节体育课有助于缓解学生学习和考试的压力，也就是让学生更加放松。“less stressed”的意思应该是更加放松。故选B。 4．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，文章的第一段主要介绍了“每日体育课”的模式；第二、三段分别介绍了实施这一举措的过程中出现的问题；第四段介绍了学生和家长对于这一举措的态度和评价；最后一段对全文进行了总结。故选D。 Many people take running as a way to keep fit. They like to run in hot weather and enjoy the feeling of being wet through with sweat (汗) while running. Cold weather during winter months, with low temperatures and freezing cold winds, may keep many people from running in the open air. However, a new study shows that the drop in temperature is a good reason to run. In fact, running in cold weather helps improve one’s performance. Many runners might find it easier to run in winter than in hot weather. The body needs less water on a cold day than in warm weather. In addition, lower temperatures reduce stress on the body. When you run in cold weather, your heart rate is lower. John Brewer is a professor of applied sports science at St. Mary’s University in London. For this study, he and other researchers put a group of people into a room where summer and winter weather conditions are recreated. The people participating in the study were asked to run 10,000 meters under both conditions and their biological measurements were recorded and studied. From the study, every movement runners make produces heat. The heat can be really damaging unless the body can lose it. One way in which people lose heat is by sweating. The body loses heat through sweat. The body also loses it by transporting the blood to the surface of the skin and it puts more stress on the heart, especially in hot conditions because it’s much harder to lose heat when the outside environment is warm. As the result shows running in hot temperatures results in 6 percent higher heart rates. When running in cold conditions, the body does not have to work hard to move blood to the skin surface. Therefore, it requires less energy. The most important thing for people who run in cold conditions is to wear the right clothing. Keep as dry as possible when exercising in low temperatures. Wear warm and light clothing to keep sweat away from your skin. So don’t let winter weather keep you indoors. Simply get ready for the low temperatures and start running. 1．What may keep many people from running in the open air? A．Sunburn and wrinkles B．Hot weather and much sweat all over the body. C．Air pollution and climate change. D．Low temperatures and freezing cold winds. 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Running in cold weather doesn’t need a lot of energy. B．Running in cold weather needs heavy clothing to keep warm. C．Running in hot weather causes hearts to beat more slowly than in cold. D．Running in hot weather produces more heat than other movements. 3．What is the main purpose in writing this passage? A．To study why the drop in temperature is good to run. B．To compare benefits of running in winter and summer. C．To encourage people to keep running outdoors in winter. D．To show us how to keep healthy while running in winter. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文通过科学研究论证了冬季跑步的益处，并鼓励人们在低温环境下坚持户外跑步。 1．细节理解题。根据“Cold weather during winter months, with low temperatures and freezing cold winds, may keep many people from running in the open air.”可知，低温和寒风使许多人不愿在户外跑步。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“When running in cold conditions, the body does not have to work hard to move blood to the skin surface. Therefore, it requires less energy.”可知，在寒冷天气跑步不需要太多能量。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据“So don’t let winter weather keep you indoors. Simply get ready for the low temperatures and start running”以及全文内容可知，文章主要目的是鼓励人们在冬季继续在户外跑步。故选C。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Lifestyles 核心语法精练（ 合成词，及物动词与不及物动词，条件状语从句） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单项选择 7 二、完成句子 3 三、将A栏单词与B栏单词重新组合成一个新单词 4 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一 语法填空 11 题型二 阅读理解 12 合成词 一、核心定义 合成词（Compound Words） 是由两个或两个以上独立单词按照一定规则组合而成，形成新词义、新词性的词汇，是英语词汇拓展的重要方式，也是初高中英语考试的基础考点。 二、常见构成类型及示例 1. 复合名词（Compound Nouns） 由两个或多个单词组合，构成新的名词，是初高中阶段最常考查的合成词类型，主要有三种书写形式： 连写式：两个单词直接拼成一个词 例： classroom （class + room）、 toothbrush （tooth + brush）、 notebook （note + book） 分写式：两个单词独立书写，中间有空格 例： bus stop （公交车站）、 peanut butter （花生酱）、 phone number （电话号码） 连字符式：两个单词之间加连字符连接 例： mother-in-law （岳母/婆婆）、 passer-by （路人）、 well-known （知名的，注：虽常作形容词，但词根为名词组合） 2. 复合形容词（Compound Adjectives） 多为连字符式，常作定语修饰名词，中考、高考语法填空和短文改错中高频出现： 形容词 + 名词 + -ed 例： kind-hearted （好心的）、 cold-blooded （冷血的） 数词 + 名词（单数） 例： five-year-old （五岁的）、 ten-minute （十分钟的） 副词 + 现在分词/过去分词 例： hard-working （勤奋的）、 well-done （做得好的） 名词 + 现在分词/过去分词 例： peace-loving （热爱和平的）、 man-made （人造的） 3. 复合动词（Compound Verbs） 构成方式较灵活，多为实用高频词汇： 名词 + 动词 例： sunbathe （sun + bathe，日光浴）、 waterproof （water + proof，做防水处理） 副词 + 动词 例： overcome （over + come，克服）、 underline （under + line，强调；下划线标注） 短语动词转化（部分） 例： whitewash （white + wash，粉刷） 4. 复合代词（Compound Pronouns） 由代词或限定词加后缀构成，词义明确且用法固定： 由  some/ any/ no/ every-  +  -body / -one / -thing  构成 例： somebody （某人）、 anything （任何事物）、 everyone （每个人） 由  self  构成（反身代词） 例： myself （我自己）、 themselves （他们自己）。 及物动词与不及物动词 1、 核心定义 1.  及物动词（Transitive Verb, 简称 vt.） 后面必须跟宾语，才能使句子意思完整的动词，宾语可直接承受该动词的动作。 2. 不及物动词（Intransitive Verb, 简称 vi.） 本身意义完整，后面不需要跟宾语就能表达清晰语义的动词，若要接宾语，需在动词后加合适的介词。 二、核心用法与示例 1. 及物动词的用法 直接接宾语，构成“主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语”的基本句型。 例：She likes music.（like 是及物动词，music 是宾语） 例：They finished their homework.（finish 是及物动词，their homework 是宾语） 部分及物动词可接双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），或用于复合宾语结构（宾语+宾语补足语）。 例：My mother gave me a book.（give 是及物动词，me 是间接宾语，a book 是直接宾语） 例：We keep the room clean.（keep 是及物动词，the room 是宾语，clean 是宾语补足语） 2. 不及物动词的用法 单独使用，构成“主语 + 不及物动词”的句型。 例：The sun rises.（rise 是不及物动词，无需宾语） 例：He sleeps well.（sleep 是不及物动词，well 是副词作状语） 若需接宾语，必须先加介词，再跟宾语。 例：She listens to music every day.（listen 是不及物动词，后接介词 to 才能跟宾语 music） 例：They arrived at the station on time.（arrive 是不及物动词，接小地点时加介词 at） 条件状语从句 一、核心定义 条件状语从句是在复合句中表示主句动作发生前提条件的从句，由特定连词引导，通常可置于主句之前（用逗号隔开）或之后（不用逗号）。 二、分类及常用引导词 表示有可能实现的条件，主句和从句的时态遵循“主将从现、主情从现、主祈从现”的规则。 引导词：if（如果）、unless（除非，相当于if…not）、as long as（只要）、so long as（只要） 时态规则 1. 主将从现：主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时 例：If it rains tomorrow, we will not go camping. 2. 主情从现：主句用情态动词（can/may/must等），从句用一般现在时 例：You can pass the exam as long as you work hard. 3. 主祈从现：主句为祈使句，从句用一般现在时 例：Don’t leave unless the teacher tells you to. 一、单项选择 1．Which of the following words is a compound word (合成词)? A．Healthy. B．Passport. C．Illness. D．Helpful. 2．Which of the following words is formed in the same way as the word “driveway”? A．invention B．necessary C．unlucky D．playground 3．—Which of the following words is NOT a compound word? —________. A．Grandson B．Careless C．Railway D．Rainstorm 4．Which of the following words is not a compound word? A．hard-working B．outbreak C．watermelon D．illness 5．The word “________” is formed the same way as “spacecraft”. A．pollution B．uncertain C．interplanetary D．necklace 6．Which of the following words is a compound word (合成词)? A．Healthy. B．Blackboard. C．Illness. D．Helpful. 7．Which of the following words is formed in the same way as “snowstorm”? A．artist B．illness C．government D．daylight 8．Which of the following words is a compound word like “wartime”? A．impatient B．schoolwork C．German D．carelessness 9．Tom ________ home early every day. A．gets to B．arrives at C．arrives D．arrives in 10．________! Can you ________ the birds singing in the tree. A．Listen; hear B．Hear; listen C．Listen; listen D．Hear; hear 11．—The price of vegetables ________ so quickly these days. —Oh, no. I don’t think so. A．affords B．rises C．improves D．raises 12．Li Hong is a friendly girl. She ______ everyone in her class, so she has many friends. A．looks after B．gets along well with C．takes care of D．agrees with 13．—How are you going to ________ your dream? —By working hard, of course. A．come true B．go out C．realize D．stop 14．—What kind of home do you want to________? —A flat________ three bedrooms. A．live; has B．live; with C．live in; has D．live in; with 15．—Do you know when Amy will arrive in Nanchang? —Sorry, I don’t know. If she _________, I will give you a call. A．will arrive B．is arriving C．arrived D．arrives 16．—How will you spend this winter holiday? —If I ________ free, I ________ to Hainan with my family. A．will be; will go B．am; will go C．am; go D．will be; go 17．If it ______ tomorrow, we’ll go hiking in the mountains. A．doesn’t rain B．won’t rain C．didn’t rain D．isn’t raining 18．—It's hard for Tina to lose weight. —________ she eats less and exercises more every day. A．Unless B．If C．After D．Until 19．We can have a wonderful future ______ we work hard. A．although B．because C．if D．so 20．—It is impossible to finish the difficult work in such a short time on my own ________ both of us work together. —No problem. Let’s start! A．if B．but C．because D．unless 二、完成句子 21．如果不下雨，我们就去公园露营。 If it doesn’t rain, we camping in the park. 22．如果天晴，我喜欢在河里游泳。 If sunny, I swim in the river. 23．如果我们坚持我们的目标，总有一天我们会成功的。 If we our goals, we will succeed one day. 24．如果你坚持你的学习计划，你肯定会取得进步。 If you your study plan, you will surely make progress. 25．学习上，不进则退。 You in study. 26．除非你上课认真听讲，不然你就做不出这些数学题。 you listen carefully in class, you work these Maths problems out. 27．除非我们意识到电脑的重要性，否则我们将无法正确地使用它们。 we are aware of the importance of computers, we them in a right way. 28．除非你放弃，否则你会意识到你可以成功的。 you give up, you will you can be successful. 29．如果他不能把他的尾巴藏起来，他就不能把自己变成人。 he can hide his tail, he cannot himself into a person. 30．除非我们向别人倾诉，否则我们肯定会感觉更糟。 we talk to someone, we . 三、将A栏单词与B栏单词重新组合成一个新单词。（每词仅限使用一次） A栏 grand snow black out class basket play B栏 side mate man ground ball board father 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 题型一 语法填空 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Breakfast gives us energy for the morning. What’s the best drink for breakfast? Most people may say milk. Yes. Doctors always say it’s 1 good habit to drink milk every day. It has lots of nutrients (营养物质) to help build up 2 (child). Calcium (钙) in milk gives us strong teeth. Vitamins (维生素) in it are necessary nutrients for our body. There 3 (be) many micro elements (微量元素) in milk, too. They can make us smarter. Also, studies show milk can even make 4 (woman) look more beautiful. Milk is great! But you may not believe milk may cause many 5 (healthy) problems. For example, it can make people fat. For those very fat people, stopping 6 (drink) it can help a lot. Also, it is 7 (danger) to take medicine with milk. And a glass of milk 8 bedtime may cause a toothache if you don’t brush your teeth after that. So should we drink milk? Milk may not be a perfect drink. But it 9 (give) us a lot of nutrients. Drink milk if you like it, 10 not because you think it is the best thing. And drink proper (适量的) milk each time. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(共10小题，每小题1分) Healthy eating habits are becoming more and more important. A study shows that 40% of parents in the UK are using health apps to check their children’s diet every day now. Last year, a study 1 (find) that 33% of parents in the US use tools 2 (keep) watching on their children’s food choices. With these apps, parents feel closer to their children’s health than before even when they’re at school. Although many parents want to know 3 their child is eating, some people think that such close monitoring is bad 4 children. What do you think? Should parents track their 5 (children) eating habits? These apps mean that parents know what their children are eating. They can also set alerts (提醒) for themselves, so they know when 6 (they) children choose healthy food or need to improve their diet. This makes parents feel safe and 7 (relax). Instead of 8 (be) worried about their children’s eating habits, parents can relax because they’ll get suggestions for healthy meals. These apps also give young people 9 taste of independence, especially if their parents would not let them choose food so freely. However, such close monitoring takes away a big part of childhood. If young people know their parents are “watching” their every meal, they won’t have the same enjoyment and feeling of freedom in food 10 (choice). Young people may also become too worried about their diet. 题型二 阅读理解 Shenzhen is the first city in China to ask schools to have daily P.E. classes for primary and middle school students. Buxin Primary School in Luohu District has a “3+1+1” model—three P.E. classes, one music-based exercise class and one sports game class. This makes sure that students have five P.E. classes per week. Then there is a new problem: there aren’t enough P.E. teachers. Buxin Primary School lets teachers from other subjects teach some P.E. classes. For example, Liu Xunhua, a Chinese teacher, is also a part-time P.E. teacher. He says daily P.E. classes are good for students’ health and he supports the idea. Besides, many schools don’t have much space for the new P.E. classes. To solve the problem, Longhua Foreign Languages School makes full use of space in the school. For example, students can run uphill (朝上坡方向) and jump on steps. If there are too many P.E. classes at the same time, teachers will take students to the public basketball court (公共篮球场) near the school. It’s just across the street from the school playground. Students enjoy daily P.E. classes. Yuan Yinuo, a sixth grader, thinks sports can make students feel less stressed in daily study and before exams. Chen Xinru, an eighth grader, says daily P.E. classes can help them improve their studies. However, some parents are worried about daily P.E. classes taking up the learning time for other subjects, although they know the importance of P.E. classes. Now, many other big cities like Beijing and Shanghai are also trying out daily P.E. classes. They want to make sure that students get enough exercise at school. 1．How many P.E. classes do students at Buxin Primary School have per week? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The ways of solving the space problem. B．The lack (缺乏) of P.E. teachers in schools. C．The importance of P.E. classes in students’ study. D．The different views of students on daily P.E. classes 3．What do the underlined words “less stressed” mean in English? A．More tired. B．More relaxed. C．Less bored. D．Less excited. 4．Which is the right structure (结构) of the text? (①= Paragraph 1, ②= Paragraph 2…) A．①②③④/⑤ B．①/②③④⑤ C．①②/③④/⑤ D．①/②③/④/⑤ Many people take running as a way to keep fit. They like to run in hot weather and enjoy the feeling of being wet through with sweat (汗) while running. Cold weather during winter months, with low temperatures and freezing cold winds, may keep many people from running in the open air. However, a new study shows that the drop in temperature is a good reason to run. In fact, running in cold weather helps improve one’s performance. Many runners might find it easier to run in winter than in hot weather. The body needs less water on a cold day than in warm weather. In addition, lower temperatures reduce stress on the body. When you run in cold weather, your heart rate is lower. John Brewer is a professor of applied sports science at St. Mary’s University in London. For this study, he and other researchers put a group of people into a room where summer and winter weather conditions are recreated. The people participating in the study were asked to run 10,000 meters under both conditions and their biological measurements were recorded and studied. From the study, every movement runners make produces heat. The heat can be really damaging unless the body can lose it. One way in which people lose heat is by sweating. The body loses heat through sweat. The body also loses it by transporting the blood to the surface of the skin and it puts more stress on the heart, especially in hot conditions because it’s much harder to lose heat when the outside environment is warm. As the result shows running in hot temperatures results in 6 percent higher heart rates. When running in cold conditions, the body does not have to work hard to move blood to the skin surface. Therefore, it requires less energy. The most important thing for people who run in cold conditions is to wear the right clothing. Keep as dry as possible when exercising in low temperatures. Wear warm and light clothing to keep sweat away from your skin. So don’t let winter weather keep you indoors. Simply get ready for the low temperatures and start running. 1．What may keep many people from running in the open air? A．Sunburn and wrinkles B．Hot weather and much sweat all over the body. C．Air pollution and climate change. D．Low temperatures and freezing cold winds. 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Running in cold weather doesn’t need a lot of energy. B．Running in cold weather needs heavy clothing to keep warm. C．Running in hot weather causes hearts to beat more slowly than in cold. D．Running in hot weather produces more heat than other movements. 3．What is the main purpose in writing this passage? A．To study why the drop in temperature is good to run. B．To compare benefits of running in winter and summer. C．To encourage people to keep running outdoors in winter. D．To show us how to keep healthy while running in winter. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $