Unit5 Poems（知识清单）英语人教版选择性必修第三册
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摘要：
该高中英语Unit5 Poems知识清单全面覆盖诗歌主题的词汇、短语、句型、语法及写作等核心内容，构建了从基础词汇（如poem, metaphor）、语法复习（定语从句）到写作应用（推荐诗歌书信）的系统化学习支架，为学生搭建完整的诗歌语言知识体系。
清单通过分类整合（词汇、语法、写作等模块）、分级练习（单句填空到篇章写作）及知识关联（如定语从句修饰诗歌术语）呈现知识体系，突出语言能力和思维品质的培养。特色设计包括熟词生义解析（如foot表诗律音步）、句型功能示例（“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语）及写作分步指导，助力不同学生高效掌握要点，教师可据此设计针对性教学活动，提升课堂实效。
内容正文：
Unit5 Poems
单词
poem n.诗；韵文
poet n.诗人
poetry n.诗歌（总称）；诗意
rhyme n. 韵；押韵 vi.&vt.（使）押韵
rhythm n.节奏；韵律
rhythm n.节奏；韵律
verse n.诗节；诗句；韵文
stanza n.（诗的）节
imagery n.意象；形象化的描述
metaphor n.隐喻；暗喻
simile n.明喻
短语
be composed of由...组成
convey emotions/ideas传达情感/思想
make a comparison作比较
be compared to/with被比作/与...相比
give sb. an insight into 使某人深刻理解...
call up memories/emotions 唤起回忆/情感
in tune with 与...协调一致
play with words 玩文字游戏
a variety of 多种多样的
熟词生义
line n. 线；路线 n. （诗的）行
figure n. 数字；人物 n. 修辞手法（如figure of speech）
foot n. 脚；英尺 n. （诗律中的）音步
stress n.&v. 压力；强调 n. （诗歌中的）重读；重音
appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激 vt. 充分领会；鉴赏（诗歌等）
句型
as引导的非限制性定语从句（指代整个主句）
Poetry can express the inexpressible, as is often the case with great art.
诗歌能表达不可言传之物，伟大的艺术通常都是如此。
“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语
The poet must decide how to structure the verses to create the desired effect.
诗人必须决定如何构建诗节以达到预期的效果。
what引导的名词性从句（主语从句）
What makes a poem timeless is its ability to speak to readers across generations.
使一首诗成为永恒的是它能够与跨越时代的读者对话。
so...that...结果状语从句
The imagery in the poem was so vivid that readers felt they were part of the scene.
诗中的意象如此生动，以至于读者感觉自己身临其境。
be + of + 抽象名词 结构（表示特征）
This type of poem is of great simplicity and depth.
这类诗歌极具简洁性和深度。
It is + adj. + that从句 句型
It is essential that a poem should create a certain mood or feeling.
诗歌营造出某种情绪或感觉是至关重要的。
语法
复习定语从句
一、词汇清单
知识点1 poem n. 诗；韵文
教材原句
A poem can capture a moment or emotion in a way that ordinary language cannot.
诗歌能够以普通语言无法做到的方式捕捉瞬间或情感。
[拓展]
(1) write/compose a poem 写/创作一首诗
(2) a narrative/lyric poem 叙事/抒情诗
[经典练习]
单句语法填空：
① She read us a beautiful __________ (poem) about nature.
② He enjoys __________ (write) poems in his spare time.
答案：① poem ② writing
知识点2 poet n. 诗人
教材原句
The poet uses vivid imagery to paint a picture in the reader's mind.
诗人运用生动的意象在读者脑海中描绘一幅画面。
[拓展]
(1) a renowned poet 一位著名的诗人
(2) poetic adj. 诗的；富有诗意的
[经典练习]
单句语法填空：
① Li Bai is one of the greatest __________ (poet) in Chinese history.
② The scenery was so beautiful that it was almost __________ (poetry).
答案：① poets ② poetic
知识点3 poetry n. 诗歌（总称）；诗意
教材原句
Poetry often appeals to our senses and emotions more directly than prose.
诗歌通常比散文更直接地诉诸我们的感官和情感。
[拓展]
(1) modern/classical poetry 现代/古典诗歌
(2) a collection of poetry 诗集
[经典练习]
单句语法填空：
① He has a deep appreciation for English __________ (poet).
② The __________ (poet) beauty of her words moved the audience.
答案：① poetry ② poetic
知识点4 rhyme n. 韵；押韵 v.（使）押韵
教材原句
The use of rhyme and rhythm can make a poem more musical and memorable.
押韵和节奏的运用可以使诗歌更具音乐性和记忆点。
[拓展]
(1) rhyme scheme 韵律格式
(2) without rhyme or reason 毫无道理；莫名其妙
[经典练习]
单句语法填空：
① “Cat” and “hat” __________ (rhyme) with each other.
② The poem has a regular __________ (rhyme) scheme.
答案：① rhyme ② rhyme/rhyming
知识点5 rhythm n. 节奏；韵律
教材原句
The steady rhythm of the poem mimics the sound of a heartbeat.
这首诗稳定的节奏模仿了心跳的声音。
[拓展]
(1) rhythmic(al) adj. 有节奏的
(2) sense of rhythm 节奏感
[经典练习]
单句语法填空：
① The music had a strong, driving __________ (rhythmic).
② She moved to the __________ (rhythm) of the drums.
答案：① rhythm ② rhythm
知识点6 imagery n. 意象；形象化的描述
教材原句
The imagery in the poem—the “golden daffodils”—creates a sense of joy and vitality.
诗中的意象——“金色的水仙花”——营造出一种欢乐与活力的感觉。
[拓展]
(1) visual imagery 视觉意象
(2) use/employ imagery 运用意象
[经典练习]
单句语法填空：
① The writer’s rich __________ (image) brings the story to life.
② The poem is full of powerful visual __________ (image).
答案：① imagery ② imagery
知识点7 metaphor n. 隐喻；暗喻
教材原句
“Time is a thief” is a common metaphor.
“时光是小偷”是一个常见的隐喻。
[拓展]
(1) metaphorical adj. 隐喻性的
(2) use sth. as a metaphor for... 用某物作为...的隐喻
[经典练习]
单句语法填空：
① She described the company as a family, using it as a __________ (metaphor) for closeness.
② His __________ (metaphor) language made the abstract idea easier to understand.
答案：① metaphor ② metaphorical
知识点8 simile n. 明喻
教材原句
A simile compares two things using “like” or “as”, such as “as brave as a lion”.
明喻使用“like”或“as”比较两个事物，例如“像狮子一样勇敢”。
[拓展]
make/draw a simile 作一个明喻
[经典练习]
单句语法填空：
Her smile was __________ bright __________ the sun. (用介词填空构成明喻)
答案： as; as
知识点9 verse n. 诗节；诗句；韵文
教材原句
The final verse of the poem delivers its most powerful message.
这首诗的最后一节传达了它最有力的信息。
[拓展]
(1) a poem of four verses 一首四节诗
(2) in verse 用韵文写成
[经典练习]
单句语法填空：
① He quoted a __________ (verse) from Shakespeare.
② Many ancient stories were written __________ verse.
答案：① verse ② in
知识点10 stanza n. （诗的）节
教材原句
Each stanza in this poem presents a different image of autumn.
这首诗的每一节都呈现了秋天不同的意象。
[拓展]
a four-line stanza 一个四行诗节
[经典练习]
单句语法填空：
The poem is divided into three __________ (stanza).
答案： stanzas
二、短语清单
be composed of 由...组成
convey emotions/ideas 传达情感/思想
call up memories/feelings 唤起回忆/情感
be compared to/with 被比作/与...相比
make a comparison 作比较
give sb. an insight into 使某人深刻理解...
in tune with 与...协调一致
play with words 玩文字游戏
a variety of 多种多样的
reflect on 反思；思考
[经典练习]
用所给短语的适当形式填空
1.The committee __________ ten experts from different fields. (be composed of)
答案：is composed of
2.A good poem can __________ strong emotions in its readers. (call up)
答案：call up
3.The poet’s experience __________ him __________ the lives of the poor. (give...an insight into)
答案：gave; an insight into
4.The rhythm of the poem seems to be perfectly __________ the theme of nature. (in tune with)
答案：in tune with
三、熟词生义
foot
n. 脚；英尺（常见义）
n. （诗律中的）音步（生义）
[经典练习]
用 foot 的适当形式填空。
In poetry, an iamb is a __________ consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one.
答案：foot
解析：句意“在诗歌中，一个抑扬格音步由一个非重读音节后跟一个重读音节组成。”此处“foot”是其生义，指“音步”。
stress
n.&v. 压力；强调（常见义）
n. （诗歌中的）重读；重音（生义）
[经典练习]
用 stress 的适当形式填空。
In the word “poem”, the __________ falls on the first syllable.
答案：stress
解析：句意“在‘poem’这个词中，重音落在第一个音节上。”此处“stress”是其生义，指“重音”。
四、句型清单
“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语：
The poet must decide how to arrange the words for the best effect.
what引导的名词性从句（主语从句）：
What makes this poem unique is its unusual perspective.
It is/was...that/who...强调句型（用于突出诗歌要素）：
It is the imagery, not the rhyme, that leaves the deepest impression on me.
现在分词短语作状语：
Using simple language, the poem expresses complex emotions.
as引导的非限制性定语从句（指代整个主句）：
The poem can be interpreted in many ways, as is often the case with great works of art.
“so...that...”结果状语从句：
The rhythm was so captivating that I found myself tapping my foot.
[经典练习]
根据句型要求，用括号内所给提示完成句子。
1.（疑问词+不定式）The workshop teaches beginners __________ a haiku. (how, write)
答案：how to write
2.（What引导主语从句）__________ appeals to me most is the poem’s musical quality. (what)
答案：What
3.（强调句型）__________ in the quiet countryside __________ he found inspiration for his best poems. (it, be)
答案：It was; that
4.（现在分词短语作状语）__________ ordinary objects, the poet reveals extraordinary beauty. (use)
答案：Using
五、语法清单
定语从句
【感知·语法规律】
观察以下句子，注意定语从句的构成和作用：
Poems that use vivid imagery can create powerful pictures in our minds.
（运用生动意象的诗歌能在我们脑海中创造强有力的画面。）
（关系代词that引导定语从句，修饰先行词Poems，在从句中作主语。）
Emily Dickinson is a poet whose unconventional style has influenced many.
（艾米莉·狄金森是一位其非传统风格影响了许多人的诗人。）
（关系代词whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词a poet，在从句中作定语。）
This is the poem from which I gained a deep insight into nature.
（这就是那首让我对自然获得深刻领悟的诗歌。）
（“介词+关系代词which”引导定语从句，修饰先行词the poem，from which在从句中作状语。）
He recited the poem in a quiet room, where every word could be felt deeply.
（他在一间安静的房间里朗诵了那首诗，在那里每个字都能被深切感受到。）
（关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a quiet room，在从句中作地点状语。）
【精讲·语法知识】
定语从句在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词（即先行词），起形容词作用。引导定语从句的关系词包括关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose）和关系副词（when, where, why）。
1. 关系代词的用法：
关系代词 指代对象 在从句中的作用 诗歌单元示例
that 人 或 物 主语、宾语 The imagery that the poet employs is striking. （主语）
which 物 主语、宾语 The rhythm, which is regular, adds to the poem’s musicality. （主语）
who 人 主语、宾语 Poets who play with words often create unexpected effects. （主语）
whom 人 宾语（正式） The poet whom we admire most will give a lecture. （宾语）
whose 人 或 物 定语 I love poems whose themes revolve around hope. （定语，修饰themes）
2. 关系副词的用法：
关系副词 指代先行词类型 在从句中的作用 诗歌单元示例
when 时间名词 时间状语 I still remember the moment when I first understood the poem.
where 地点名词 地点状语 The stanza where the metaphor appears is the most powerful.
why reason 原因状语 The reason why this poem touches people is its universal emotion.
3. 限制性 vs. 非限制性定语从句：
类型 意义 形式 功能 示例
限制性 对先行词起限定作用，不可或缺。 无逗号与主句隔开 指定先行词的具体所指。 Poems that have a clear rhyme scheme are easier to memorize.
非限制性 对先行词起补充说明作用，可省略。 有逗号与主句隔开 提供附加信息，常翻译为并列句。 “Ode to the West Wind,” which was written by Shelley, is a classic.
4. “介词+关系代词”结构：
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，可将介词提前。
原句：The poet whom you are referring to is famous for his sonnets.
介词提前：The poet to whom you are referring is famous for his sonnets.
诗歌应用：The metaphors with which he expresses loneliness are profound.
【易错警示】
1. 关系代词that与which的混用：
在限制性定语从句中，指物时两者常可互换。
但下列情况通常只用that：
先行词被序数词、最高级或the only, the very等修饰时。
This is the most moving poem that I have ever read.
先行词同时包含人和物时。
He wrote about the poet and his works that inspired him.
在非限制性定语从句中，只用which，不用that。
He analyzed the poem’s structure, which was very helpful. (正确)
He analyzed the poem’s structure, that was very helpful. (错误)
2. 关系代词在从句中充当成分的遗漏：
关系代词在定语从句中必须充当一个成分（主语、宾语、表语等）。注意从句结构的完整性。
（错误）The imagery is very beautiful the poet uses in the first stanza.
（正确）The imagery that/which the poet uses in the first stanza is very beautiful.
（分析：原句缺少关系代词，that/which在从句the poet uses __ in the first stanza中作uses的宾语。）
3. 关系副词where, when, why与“介词+which”的混淆：
关系副词相当于“介词+which”。需根据先行词和从句意思判断。
where = in/at/on... + which (表地点)
That’s the point where (= at which) the poem reaches its climax.
when = in/on/at... + which (表时间)
The 19th century was a period when (= during which) Romantic poetry flourished.
why = for which (表原因)
That’s the reason why (= for which) I appreciate this poem.
4. 非限制性定语从句中关系代词指代不清：
非限制性定语从句的which可以指代前面整个主句，但that没有此用法。
（正确）He can recite the whole poem from memory, which amazes us all. (which指代前面整件事)
（错误）He can recite the whole poem from memory, that amazes us all.
【经典练习】
单句语法填空
1.A simile is a figure of speech __________ compares two different things using “like” or “as”.
答案： that/which
解析： 句意“明喻是一种使用‘like’或‘as’比较两种不同事物的修辞手法。” 先行词a figure of speech指物，定语从句缺主语，用that或which引导。
2.The poet __________ works we studied last week is known for his innovative use of rhythm.
答案： whose
解析： 句意“我们上周研究其作品的那位诗人以其创新的节奏运用而闻名。” 先行词The poet指人，定语从句中works前需要定语，表示“他的作品”，用关系代词whose。
3.The era __________ Shakespeare wrote his sonnets was a golden age of English poetry.
答案： when/during which
解析： 句意“莎士比亚创作十四行诗的时代是英国诗歌的黄金时代。” 先行词The era表时间，定语从句中缺时间状语，用关系副词when或“介词+which”结构during which。
4.This is the very poem __________ theme has sparked endless discussion among critics.
答案： whose
解析： 句意“这正是那首其主题在评论家中引发无尽讨论的诗歌。” 先行词the very poem指物，定语从句中theme前需要定语，表示“它的主题”，用关系代词whose。
5.The stanza __________ the poet introduces the central metaphor is particularly powerful.
答案： where/in which
解析： 句意“诗人引入核心隐喻的那个诗节尤其有力。” 先行词The stanza可抽象理解为“部分、位置”，定语从句中缺地点状语，用关系副词where或“介词+which”结构in which。
句子改写（用定语从句合并句子，保持句意基本不变）
1.We attended a lecture yesterday. The famous poet gave the lecture.
答案： We attended the lecture that/which the famous poet gave yesterday. / We attended the lecture given by the famous poet yesterday.
解析： 将第二句变为定语从句修饰第一句的a lecture。关系词在从句中作宾语，可用that/which，也可省略。或用过去分词短语简化。
2.I was deeply moved by a poem. Its imagery was incredibly vivid.
答案： I was deeply moved by a poem whose imagery was incredibly vivid.
解析： 用关系代词whose引导定语从句，修饰a poem。whose imagery在从句中作主语。
3.The poet has won many awards. You are talking about the poet.
答案： The poet whom/who/that you are talking about has won many awards. / The poet about whom you are talking has won many awards.
解析： 将第二句变为定语从句修饰第一句的The poet。关系词在从句中作介词about的宾语，可用whom/who/that（可省略），也可将about提前至whom前。
4.There are several reasons. For these reasons, this poem remains popular today.
答案： There are several reasons why/for which this poem remains popular today.
解析： 用关系副词why或“介词+which”结构for which引导定语从句，修饰reasons，在从句中作原因状语
六、写作清单
A Letter Recommending a Favorite Poem
【点拨·写作技巧】
一封推荐诗歌的应用文（如书信）旨在向特定读者分享你由衷欣赏的一首诗，激发其阅读兴趣。其核心是清晰传达诗歌的价值、你的个人见解与真挚的推荐理由。
明确目的与读者：面向学校文学社、英语角成员或外国笔友，目的是分享文化体验与个人审美，建立基于文学欣赏的联结。
结构清晰（四段式）：
开头段：问候并直接表明写信目的——推荐一首诗。
介绍段：简要介绍诗歌名称、作者及其核心主题。
赏析段：阐述诗歌最打动你的一个艺术特色（如意象、比喻、韵律）并结合内容简述其效果。
结尾段：表达个人收获或感受，并诚挚邀请对方阅读后分享感想。
语言特点：语言需正式、优美且富有感染力。使用一般现在时描述诗歌特点与个人感受。适当运用本单元所学词汇（如imagery, metaphor, conveys）和句型（如What impresses me is...），以展现对诗歌术语的掌握。
【积累·写作素材】
开头常用语
I am writing to highly recommend a poem that has deeply moved me.
I would like to share my favorite English poem with you.
介绍与赏析
The poem "[Title]" by [Poet] explores the theme of...
What strikes me most is its vivid imagery of...
The poet's use of metaphor/simile brilliantly conveys...
结尾常用语
Reading it always gives me a sense of...
I believe you will also find beauty and inspiration in it.
I look forward to hearing your thoughts after you read it.
【示例·分步写作】
主题： 假如你叫李华，向学校英语角推荐一首诗
第一步：审题谋篇
体裁：推荐信/书信
对象：学校英语角成员
时态：主要使用一般现在时
框架：
开头：问候，表明推荐意图。
主体：介绍诗歌《未选择的路》及其主题；分析其“隐喻”手法及带来的启发。
结尾：表达个人感受，发出邀请。
第二步：连句成篇
Dear members of the English Club,
I am writing to recommend my favorite poem, "The Road Not Taken" by Robert Frost, which explores life's choices.
What impresses me most is its powerful metaphor of two roads representing different paths in life. The poet's description makes me reflect on my own decisions.
This poem inspires courage to make unique choices. I believe you will find it equally thought-provoking and would love to hear your impressions.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
1 / 11
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
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Unit5 Poems
单词
poem n.诗；韵文
poet n.诗人
poetry n.诗歌（总称）；诗意
rhyme n. 韵；押韵 vi.&vt.（使）押韵
rhythm n.节奏；韵律
rhythm n.节奏；韵律
verse n.诗节；诗句；韵文
stanza n.（诗的）节
imagery n.意象；形象化的描述
metaphor n.隐喻；暗喻
simile n.明喻
短语
be composed of由...组成
convey emotions/ideas传达情感/思想
make a comparison作比较
be compared to/with被比作/与...相比
give sb. an insight into 使某人深刻理解...
call up memories/emotions 唤起回忆/情感
in tune with 与...协调一致
play with words 玩文字游戏
a variety of 多种多样的
熟词生义
line n. 线；路线 n. （诗的）行
figure n. 数字；人物 n. 修辞手法（如figure of speech）
foot n. 脚；英尺 n. （诗律中的）音步
stress n.&v. 压力；强调 n. （诗歌中的）重读；重音
appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激 vt. 充分领会；鉴赏（诗歌等）
句型
as引导的非限制性定语从句（指代整个主句）
Poetry can express the inexpressible, as is often the case with great art.
诗歌能表达不可言传之物，伟大的艺术通常都是如此。
“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语
The poet must decide how to structure the verses to create the desired effect.
诗人必须决定如何构建诗节以达到预期的效果。
what引导的名词性从句（主语从句）
What makes a poem timeless is its ability to speak to readers across generations.
使一首诗成为永恒的是它能够与跨越时代的读者对话。
so...that...结果状语从句
The imagery in the poem was so vivid that readers felt they were part of the scene.
诗中的意象如此生动，以至于读者感觉自己身临其境。
be + of + 抽象名词 结构（表示特征）
This type of poem is of great simplicity and depth.
这类诗歌极具简洁性和深度。
It is + adj. + that从句 句型
It is essential that a poem should create a certain mood or feeling.
诗歌营造出某种情绪或感觉是至关重要的。
语法
复习定语从句
一、词汇清单
知识点1 poem n. 诗；韵文
教材原句
A poem can capture a moment or emotion in a way that ordinary language cannot.
诗歌能够以普通语言无法做到的方式捕捉瞬间或情感。
[拓展]
(1) write/compose a poem 写/创作一首诗
(2) a narrative/lyric poem 叙事/抒情诗
[经典练习]
单句语法填空：
① She read us a beautiful __________ (poem) about nature.
② He enjoys __________ (write) poems in his spare time.
知识点2 poet n. 诗人
教材原句
The poet uses vivid imagery to paint a picture in the reader's mind.
诗人运用生动的意象在读者脑海中描绘一幅画面。
[拓展]
(1) a renowned poet 一位著名的诗人
(2) poetic adj. 诗的；富有诗意的
[经典练习]
单句语法填空：
① Li Bai is one of the greatest __________ (poet) in Chinese history.
② The scenery was so beautiful that it was almost __________ (poetry).
知识点3 poetry n. 诗歌（总称）；诗意
教材原句
Poetry often appeals to our senses and emotions more directly than prose.
诗歌通常比散文更直接地诉诸我们的感官和情感。
[拓展]
(1) modern/classical poetry 现代/古典诗歌
(2) a collection of poetry 诗集
[经典练习]
单句语法填空：
① He has a deep appreciation for English __________ (poet).
② The __________ (poet) beauty of her words moved the audience.
知识点4 rhyme n. 韵；押韵 v.（使）押韵
教材原句
The use of rhyme and rhythm can make a poem more musical and memorable.
押韵和节奏的运用可以使诗歌更具音乐性和记忆点。
[拓展]
(1) rhyme scheme 韵律格式
(2) without rhyme or reason 毫无道理；莫名其妙
[经典练习]
单句语法填空：
① “Cat” and “hat” __________ (rhyme) with each other.
② The poem has a regular __________ (rhyme) scheme.
知识点5 rhythm n. 节奏；韵律
教材原句
The steady rhythm of the poem mimics the sound of a heartbeat.
这首诗稳定的节奏模仿了心跳的声音。
[拓展]
(1) rhythmic(al) adj. 有节奏的
(2) sense of rhythm 节奏感
[经典练习]
单句语法填空：
① The music had a strong, driving __________ (rhythmic).
② She moved to the __________ (rhythm) of the drums.
知识点6 imagery n. 意象；形象化的描述
教材原句
The imagery in the poem—the “golden daffodils”—creates a sense of joy and vitality.
诗中的意象——“金色的水仙花”——营造出一种欢乐与活力的感觉。
[拓展]
(1) visual imagery 视觉意象
(2) use/employ imagery 运用意象
[经典练习]
单句语法填空：
① The writer’s rich __________ (image) brings the story to life.
② The poem is full of powerful visual __________ (image).
知识点7 metaphor n. 隐喻；暗喻
教材原句
“Time is a thief” is a common metaphor.
“时光是小偷”是一个常见的隐喻。
[拓展]
(1) metaphorical adj. 隐喻性的
(2) use sth. as a metaphor for... 用某物作为...的隐喻
[经典练习]
单句语法填空：
① She described the company as a family, using it as a __________ (metaphor) for closeness.
② His __________ (metaphor) language made the abstract idea easier to understand.
知识点8 simile n. 明喻
教材原句
A simile compares two things using “like” or “as”, such as “as brave as a lion”.
明喻使用“like”或“as”比较两个事物，例如“像狮子一样勇敢”。
[拓展]
make/draw a simile 作一个明喻
[经典练习]
单句语法填空：
Her smile was __________ bright __________ the sun. (用介词填空构成明喻)
知识点9 verse n. 诗节；诗句；韵文
教材原句
The final verse of the poem delivers its most powerful message.
这首诗的最后一节传达了它最有力的信息。
[拓展]
(1) a poem of four verses 一首四节诗
(2) in verse 用韵文写成
[经典练习]
单句语法填空：
① He quoted a __________ (verse) from Shakespeare.
② Many ancient stories were written __________ verse.
知识点10 stanza n. （诗的）节
教材原句
Each stanza in this poem presents a different image of autumn.
这首诗的每一节都呈现了秋天不同的意象。
[拓展]
a four-line stanza 一个四行诗节
[经典练习]
单句语法填空：
The poem is divided into three __________ (stanza).
二、短语清单
be composed of 由...组成
convey emotions/ideas 传达情感/思想
call up memories/feelings 唤起回忆/情感
be compared to/with 被比作/与...相比
make a comparison 作比较
give sb. an insight into 使某人深刻理解...
in tune with 与...协调一致
play with words 玩文字游戏
a variety of 多种多样的
reflect on 反思；思考
[经典练习]
用所给短语的适当形式填空
1.The committee __________ ten experts from different fields. (be composed of)
2.A good poem can __________ strong emotions in its readers. (call up)
3.The poet’s experience __________ him __________ the lives of the poor. (give...an insight into)
4.The rhythm of the poem seems to be perfectly __________ the theme of nature. (in tune with)
三、熟词生义
foot
n. 脚；英尺（常见义）
n. （诗律中的）音步（生义）
[经典练习]
用 foot 的适当形式填空。
In poetry, an iamb is a __________ consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one.
stress
n.&v. 压力；强调（常见义）
n. （诗歌中的）重读；重音（生义）
[经典练习]
用 stress 的适当形式填空。
In the word “poem”, the __________ falls on the first syllable.
四、句型清单
“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语：
The poet must decide how to arrange the words for the best effect.
what引导的名词性从句（主语从句）：
What makes this poem unique is its unusual perspective.
It is/was...that/who...强调句型（用于突出诗歌要素）：
It is the imagery, not the rhyme, that leaves the deepest impression on me.
现在分词短语作状语：
Using simple language, the poem expresses complex emotions.
as引导的非限制性定语从句（指代整个主句）：
The poem can be interpreted in many ways, as is often the case with great works of art.
“so...that...”结果状语从句：
The rhythm was so captivating that I found myself tapping my foot.
[经典练习]
根据句型要求，用括号内所给提示完成句子。
1.（疑问词+不定式）The workshop teaches beginners __________ a haiku. (how, write)
2.（What引导主语从句）__________ appeals to me most is the poem’s musical quality. (what)
3.（强调句型）__________ in the quiet countryside __________ he found inspiration for his best poems. (it, be)
4.（现在分词短语作状语）__________ ordinary objects, the poet reveals extraordinary beauty. (use)
五、语法清单
定语从句
【感知·语法规律】
观察以下句子，注意定语从句的构成和作用：
Poems that use vivid imagery can create powerful pictures in our minds.
（运用生动意象的诗歌能在我们脑海中创造强有力的画面。）
（关系代词that引导定语从句，修饰先行词Poems，在从句中作主语。）
Emily Dickinson is a poet whose unconventional style has influenced many.
（艾米莉·狄金森是一位其非传统风格影响了许多人的诗人。）
（关系代词whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词a poet，在从句中作定语。）
This is the poem from which I gained a deep insight into nature.
（这就是那首让我对自然获得深刻领悟的诗歌。）
（“介词+关系代词which”引导定语从句，修饰先行词the poem，from which在从句中作状语。）
He recited the poem in a quiet room, where every word could be felt deeply.
（他在一间安静的房间里朗诵了那首诗，在那里每个字都能被深切感受到。）
（关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a quiet room，在从句中作地点状语。）
【精讲·语法知识】
定语从句在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词（即先行词），起形容词作用。引导定语从句的关系词包括关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose）和关系副词（when, where, why）。
1. 关系代词的用法：
关系代词 指代对象 在从句中的作用 诗歌单元示例
that 人 或 物 主语、宾语 The imagery that the poet employs is striking. （主语）
which 物 主语、宾语 The rhythm, which is regular, adds to the poem’s musicality. （主语）
who 人 主语、宾语 Poets who play with words often create unexpected effects. （主语）
whom 人 宾语（正式） The poet whom we admire most will give a lecture. （宾语）
whose 人 或 物 定语 I love poems whose themes revolve around hope. （定语，修饰themes）
2. 关系副词的用法：
关系副词 指代先行词类型 在从句中的作用 诗歌单元示例
when 时间名词 时间状语 I still remember the moment when I first understood the poem.
where 地点名词 地点状语 The stanza where the metaphor appears is the most powerful.
why reason 原因状语 The reason why this poem touches people is its universal emotion.
3. 限制性 vs. 非限制性定语从句：
类型 意义 形式 功能 示例
限制性 对先行词起限定作用，不可或缺。 无逗号与主句隔开 指定先行词的具体所指。 Poems that have a clear rhyme scheme are easier to memorize.
非限制性 对先行词起补充说明作用，可省略。 有逗号与主句隔开 提供附加信息，常翻译为并列句。 “Ode to the West Wind,” which was written by Shelley, is a classic.
4. “介词+关系代词”结构：
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，可将介词提前。
原句：The poet whom you are referring to is famous for his sonnets.
介词提前：The poet to whom you are referring is famous for his sonnets.
诗歌应用：The metaphors with which he expresses loneliness are profound.
【易错警示】
1. 关系代词that与which的混用：
在限制性定语从句中，指物时两者常可互换。
但下列情况通常只用that：
先行词被序数词、最高级或the only, the very等修饰时。
This is the most moving poem that I have ever read.
先行词同时包含人和物时。
He wrote about the poet and his works that inspired him.
在非限制性定语从句中，只用which，不用that。
He analyzed the poem’s structure, which was very helpful. (正确)
He analyzed the poem’s structure, that was very helpful. (错误)
2. 关系代词在从句中充当成分的遗漏：
关系代词在定语从句中必须充当一个成分（主语、宾语、表语等）。注意从句结构的完整性。
（错误）The imagery is very beautiful the poet uses in the first stanza.
（正确）The imagery that/which the poet uses in the first stanza is very beautiful.
（分析：原句缺少关系代词，that/which在从句the poet uses __ in the first stanza中作uses的宾语。）
3. 关系副词where, when, why与“介词+which”的混淆：
关系副词相当于“介词+which”。需根据先行词和从句意思判断。
where = in/at/on... + which (表地点)
That’s the point where (= at which) the poem reaches its climax.
when = in/on/at... + which (表时间)
The 19th century was a period when (= during which) Romantic poetry flourished.
why = for which (表原因)
That’s the reason why (= for which) I appreciate this poem.
4. 非限制性定语从句中关系代词指代不清：
非限制性定语从句的which可以指代前面整个主句，但that没有此用法。
（正确）He can recite the whole poem from memory, which amazes us all. (which指代前面整件事)
（错误）He can recite the whole poem from memory, that amazes us all.
【经典练习】
单句语法填空
1.A simile is a figure of speech __________ compares two different things using “like” or “as”.
2.The poet __________ works we studied last week is known for his innovative use of rhythm.
3.The era __________ Shakespeare wrote his sonnets was a golden age of English poetry.
4.This is the very poem __________ theme has sparked endless discussion among critics.
5.The stanza __________ the poet introduces the central metaphor is particularly powerful.
句子改写（用定语从句合并句子，保持句意基本不变）
1.We attended a lecture yesterday. The famous poet gave the lecture.
2.I was deeply moved by a poem. Its imagery was incredibly vivid.
3.The poet has won many awards. You are talking about the poet.
4.There are several reasons. For these reasons, this poem remains popular today.
六、写作清单
A Letter Recommending a Favorite Poem
【点拨·写作技巧】
一封推荐诗歌的应用文（如书信）旨在向特定读者分享你由衷欣赏的一首诗，激发其阅读兴趣。其核心是清晰传达诗歌的价值、你的个人见解与真挚的推荐理由。
明确目的与读者：面向学校文学社、英语角成员或外国笔友，目的是分享文化体验与个人审美，建立基于文学欣赏的联结。
结构清晰（四段式）：
开头段：问候并直接表明写信目的——推荐一首诗。
介绍段：简要介绍诗歌名称、作者及其核心主题。
赏析段：阐述诗歌最打动你的一个艺术特色（如意象、比喻、韵律）并结合内容简述其效果。
结尾段：表达个人收获或感受，并诚挚邀请对方阅读后分享感想。
语言特点：语言需正式、优美且富有感染力。使用一般现在时描述诗歌特点与个人感受。适当运用本单元所学词汇（如imagery, metaphor, conveys）和句型（如What impresses me is...），以展现对诗歌术语的掌握。
【积累·写作素材】
开头常用语
I am writing to highly recommend a poem that has deeply moved me.
I would like to share my favorite English poem with you.
介绍与赏析
The poem "[Title]" by [Poet] explores the theme of...
What strikes me most is its vivid imagery of...
The poet's use of metaphor/simile brilliantly conveys...
结尾常用语
Reading it always gives me a sense of...
I believe you will also find beauty and inspiration in it.
I look forward to hearing your thoughts after you read it.
【示例·分步写作】
主题： 假如你叫李华，向学校英语角推荐一首诗
第一步：审题谋篇
体裁：推荐信/书信
对象：学校英语角成员
时态：主要使用一般现在时
框架：
开头：问候，表明推荐意图。
主体：介绍诗歌《未选择的路》及其主题；分析其“隐喻”手法及带来的启发。
结尾：表达个人感受，发出邀请。
第二步：连句成篇
1 / 11
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
$
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