Unit3 Diverse Cultures（知识清单）英语人教版必修第三册

该高中英语知识清单系统梳理了“Unit3 Diverse Cultures”单元核心内容，涵盖词汇（含拓展与练习）、短语、句型、语法（省略）及写作指导五大知识范畴，为学生搭建了从基础语言知识积累到综合语言运用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“知识点拓展+经典练习”“语法规律感知+易错警示”“写作素材与分步示例”的分层设计呈现知识体系，如词汇部分标注“diverse”的词形转换（diversity/diversify）并配单句语法填空，语法部分通过例句归纳省略规则并设补全句子练习，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。特别设计“熟词生义对比”和“句型应用提示”，如“reflect”标注“沉思”生义并配语境填空，不同水平学生可针对性练习，教师可借助结构化内容设计分层教学，提升课堂效率，学生自主学习时也能通过练习与示例巩固要点。

Unit3 Diverse Cultures 单词 diverse adj. 不同的；多种多样的​ minority n. 少数民族；少数派​ custom n. 风俗；习俗​ heritage n. 遗产；传统​ greet vt. & vi. 问候；迎接​ seasonal adj. 季节的；季节性的​ typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的​ awesome adj. 令人惊叹的；可怕的；极好的​ gather vt. & vi. 聚集；集合；收集​ admit vt. & vi. 承认；准许进入；接纳​ fortune n. 机会；运气；财富​ nowadays adv. 现今；现在 cater vt. & vi. 满足需求；迎合；提供饮食及服务 confirm vt. 确认；证实；批准 definitely adv. 肯定；确实；明确地 occur vi. 发生；出现 elect vt. & vi. 选举；挑选 fashion n. 时尚；时兴；流行款式 brand n. 品牌；牌子 attach vt. 系；贴；附加；认为……重要 symbol n. 象征；符号；标志 短语 be proud of 为……自豪；以……为荣​ dress up 打扮；盛装​ take part in 参加；参与​ come across 偶然遇见；偶然发现​ set off 出发；动身；启程 consist of 由……组成；由……构成 a variety of 各种各样的；多种类型的 relate to 与……相关；涉及 bring back 使恢复；使想起；带回 as well as 也；还；和……一样 熟词生义 plant vt. 安插；派驻；种植 (n. 植物；工厂)​ deliver vt. 发表；递送；接生 (常义：递送)​ mark n. 痕迹；记号；分数 vt. 标记；纪念 (常义：分数；标记)​ spirit n. 精神；灵魂；情绪 (常义：精神；灵魂) 句型 which 引导非限制性定语从句​ Chinatowns, which are home to many Chinese people, can be found in many cities around the world.​ “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句​ The festival is a time when family members gather together, for which people will dress up and exchange gifts.​ 现在分词短语作伴随状语​ They walked along the street, chatting and laughing with each other.​ 过去分词短语作后置定语​ The traditions and customs passed down from generation to generation are the precious heritage of the nation.​ It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who... 强调句型​ It is the diverse cultures that make our world so colorful.​ while 引导并列句（表对比）​ Some cultures value collectivism while others emphasize individualism.​ 疑问词+不定式结构​ She doesn’t know how to celebrate the traditional festival in this new city. 语法 省略的用法 一、词汇清单 知识点1 diverse adj. 不同的；多种多样的 教材原句 America is a “melting pot” of diverse cultures. 美国是多种文化的“熔炉”。 [拓展] (1) diversity n. 多样性 (2) cultural diversity 文化多样性 (3) diversify v. 使多样化 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① The city is known for its cultural __________ (diverse). ② We should __________ (diverse) our investments to reduce risk. ③ The team is made up of people from __________ (diverse) backgrounds. 答案： ① diversity② diversify③ diverse 知识点2 heritage n. 遗产（尤指文化遗产） 教材原句 It’s important to protect our cultural heritage. 保护我们的文化遗产很重要。 [拓展] (1) cultural / natural heritage 文化/自然遗产 (2) world heritage site 世界遗产地 (3) inherit v. 继承 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① The Great Wall is a UNESCO World __________ (heritage) Site. ② He will __________ (heritage) a large fortune from his grandfather. ③ We have a duty to preserve our national __________ (heritage). 答案：① Heritage② inherit③ heritage 知识点3 identity n. 身份；特征 教材原句 Language plays a key role in shaping national identity. 语言在塑造民族认同方面起着关键作用。 [拓展] (1) cultural/ national identity 文化/民族认同 (2) identity card (ID card) 身份证 (3) identify v. 识别；确认 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① Can you __________ (identity) the man in this photo? ② She is struggling with her sense of __________ (identical) after moving abroad. ③ Please show your __________ (identical) card at the entrance. 答案：① identify② identity③ identity 知识点4 immigrant n. 移民 教材原句 Many immigrants came to America seeking a better life. 许多移民来到美国寻求更好的生活。 [拓展] (1) immigrate v. （从外国）移入 (2) immigration n. 移居；移民入境 (3) emigrate v. 移居外国 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① His grandparents __________ (immigrant) to Canada in the 1950s. ② The country has strict __________ (immigrant) laws. ③ She is a first-generation __________ (immigrant) from Mexico. 答案： ① immigrated② immigration③ immigrant 知识点5 ethnic adj. 种族的；民族的 教材原句 The country is home to more than 50 ethnic groups. 这个国家有50多个民族。 [拓展] (1) ethnic minority 少数民族 (2) ethnicity n. 种族归属 (3) ethnic music/cuisine 民族音乐/菜肴 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① The festival celebrates the __________ (ethnic) of the region. ② This restaurant serves delicious __________ (ethnic) food. ③ All __________ (ethnic) groups should enjoy equal rights. 答案：① ethnicity② ethnic③ ethnic 知识点6 distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；不同的 教材原句 Each region has its own distinct culture and traditions. 每个地区都有自己独特的文化和传统。 [拓展] (1) distinction n. 区别；优秀 (2) distinctive adj. 独特的，有特色的 (3) distinctly adv. 明显地 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① There’s a __________ (distinct) smell of flowers in the air. ② She passed the exam with __________ (distinct). ③ His style is very __________ (distinct) from others. 答案：① distinct② distinction③ distinct / distinctive 知识点7 tradition n. 传统 （本单元深化） 教材原句 They keep the tradition of storytelling alive. 他们保持着讲故事的传统。 [拓展] (1) traditional adj. 传统的 (2) traditionally adv. 传统上 (3) break from tradition 打破传统 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① __________ (tradition), the bride wears a white dress. ② He comes from a family with a long __________ (tradition) of serving in the navy. ③ This is a __________ (tradition) method of making cheese. 答案：① Traditionally② tradition③ traditional 知识点8 cuisine n. 烹饪；菜肴 教材原句 I love trying the local cuisine when I travel. 旅行时我喜欢品尝当地菜肴。 [拓展] (1) French/Italian cuisine 法国/意大利菜 (2) a cuisine restaurant 风味餐厅 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① This restaurant is famous for its Sichuan __________ (cuisine). ② Thai __________ (cuisine) is known for its spicy flavors. ③ He’s an expert in French __________ (cuisine). 答案：① cuisine② cuisine③ cuisine 知识点9 influence n.&v. 影响 教材原句 Chinese culture has a great influence on many Asian countries. 中国文化对许多亚洲国家影响很大。 [拓展] (1) have an influence on/upon... 对……有影响 (2) influential adj. 有影响力的 (3) under the influence of... 在……的影响下 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① His writings were __________ (influence) in shaping public opinion. ② She’s a very __________ (influence) person in the business world. ③ The teacher had a great __________ (influence) on my career choice. 答案：① influential② influential③ influence 知识点10 adapt v. （使）适应；改编 教材原句 When you move to a new country, you need time to adapt. 当你移居到一个新国家时，你需要时间来适应。 [拓展] (1) adapt to sth. 适应某事 (2) adaptation n. 适应；改编本 (3) adaptable adj. 能适应的 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① The film is an __________ (adapt) of a classic novel. ② He found it hard to __________ (adapt) to the cold climate. ③ Children are often more __________ (adapt) than adults. 答案：① adaptation② adapt③ adaptable 二、短语清单 be home to... 是……的所在地/家园 contribute to... 有助于；促成；是……的原因之一 a variety of... 各种各样的 blend in (with...) （与……）融合；协调 result from... 由……造成；因……而产生 give way to... 让位于；被……替代 in turn 转而；反过来；依次 look back on... 回顾…… be aware of... 意识到…… adapt to... 适应…… [经典练习] 用所给短语的适当形式填空 1.San Francisco __________ a large and vibrant Chinese community. (be home to) 答案：is home to 解析：句意“旧金山是一个庞大而充满活力的华人社区的所在地。”“be home to”意为“是……的家园/所在地”，主语为单数，用一般现在时。 2.Mutual respect and understanding __________ a more harmonious multicultural society. (contribute to) 答案：contribute to 解析：句意“相互尊重和理解有助于创建一个更加和谐的多文化社会。”“contribute to”意为“有助于”，主语为复数名词，谓语动词用原形。 3.With immigrants arriving from all over the world, the city’s culture has __________ a fascinating mix of traditions. (give way to) 答案：given way to 解析：句意“随着来自世界各地的移民到来，这座城市的文化已让位于一种迷人的传统融合体。”“give way to”意为“让位于”，根据语境，强调结果，用现在完成时。 三、熟词生义 reflect v. 反射；映出（常见义） v. 反映；显示（常见义） v. 认真思考；沉思（生义） [经典练习] 用 reflect 的适当形式或其派生词填空。 1.The report accurately __________ the diversity of opinions within the group. 答案：reflects 解析：句意“这份报告准确地反映了该群体内部意见的多样性。”此处 reflect 作动词，意为“反映”，主语为第三人称单数。 2.After the trip, she needed some quiet time to __________ on everything she had experienced. 答案：reflect 解析：句意“旅行结束后，她需要一些安静的时间来反思她所经历的一切。”短语“reflect on”意为“思考，反思”，to后接动词原形。 3.His __________ expression suggested that he was considering the question deeply. 答案：reflective 解析：句意“他若有所思的表情表明他正在深入思考这个问题。”此处需要一个形容词修饰名词“expression”，reflective 意为“沉思的，深思的”。 四、句型清单 With + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（介词短语/形容词） With people from all over the world, the city is truly international. 现在分词短语作状语 Living in a foreign country, you learn to appreciate your own culture more. What引导的主语从句 What impressed me most was the friendliness of the local people. not... but... 结构 The goal is not to erase differences, but to celebrate them. 强调句 It is/was... that... It is through daily interactions that cultural understanding deepens. [经典练习] 根据句型要求，用括号内所给提示完成句子。 1.（With结构）__________ different cultural backgrounds, they often have unique perspectives on the same issue. (people, from) 答案：With people coming from / With people from 解析：句意“由于人们来自不同的文化背景，他们对同一问题常有独特的看法。”“With + 宾语 + 介词短语/现在分词”作原因状语。 2.（What主语从句）__________ that defines a culture is often its shared values and beliefs. (is) 答案：What 解析：句意“定义一个文化的，往往是其共同的价值观和信仰。”此处“What defines a culture”是主语从句，引导词“What”在从句中作主语。 3.（强调句）__________ in the late 19th century __________ large numbers of immigrants arrived in this area. (that) 答案：It was, that 解析：句意“正是在19世纪末，大量移民来到了这个地区。”强调句结构“It was + 被强调部分（时间状语）+ that + 句子其余部分”。 五、语法清单 省略（Ellipsis） 【感知・语法规律】 观察以下句子，注意哪些部分被省略了： When (you are) in Rome, do as the Romans do.（入乡随俗。） If (it is) possible, I’d like to learn a third language.（如果可能，我想学第三门语言。） He is more confident now than (he was) before.（他现在比以前更自信了。） — Would you like to join us for dinner? — I’d love to (join you).（你想和我们一起吃晚饭吗？我很乐意。） Some people like spicy food, others (like) mild food.（有些人喜欢辣食，有些人喜欢清淡的。） 【精讲・语法知识】 省略是为了避免重复，使语言简洁流畅。在对话、比较、状语从句等语境中，常可省略主语、谓语、宾语等成分，前提是省略后不影响理解。 1. 状语从句中的省略 在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，如果从句主语与主句主语一致，且谓语包含be动词，常可省略主语和be动词。 When (you are) traveling, keep an open mind.（旅行时，要保持开放的心态。） If (it is) mixed properly, the flavors will be amazing.（如果混合得当，味道会非常好。） He spoke as if (he was) giving a lecture.（他说话的样子好像在讲课一样。） Though (she was) tired, she continued to help.（虽然累了，她还是继续帮忙。） 2. 比较状语从句中的省略 在 as...as..., than 引导的比较状语从句中，常省略与主句相同的部分。 This city is as multicultural as New York (is).（这座城市和纽约一样多元文化。） He knows more about Italian cuisine than I (do).（他比我更了解意大利菜。） The festival is not as big (as it was) last year.（这个节日没有去年那么盛大。） 注意： 在比较从句中，常用助动词 do, did, does 等代替实义动词，以避免重复。 She appreciates traditional music more than he does.（她比他更欣赏传统音乐。） 3. 动词不定式符号 to 后的省略 为避免重复，常保留不定式符号 to，而省略后面的动词原形（及其宾语）。 You can adapt to the new culture if you want to (adapt).（如果你想，你可以适应新文化。） He didn’t contribute, though he promised to (contribute).（他答应了要贡献，但没有。） 注意： 如果不定式是 be 或完成式 have done，通常要保留 be 或 have。 The result is not as good as we hoped it to be.（结果不像我们希望的那么好。） 4. 简单句或对话中的省略 在对话或上下文中，常省略双方已知的成分，使对话更自然。 (It) Sounds like a great plan!（听起来是个好计划！） — Have you been to the new museum? — (I have) Not yet.（你去过新博物馆吗？还没。） (I) Hope you enjoy the festival!（希望你享受这个节日！） 5. 并列句中的省略 在 and, but, or 连接的并列句中，后一分句常省略与前一分句相同的部分。 Some dishes are sweet, and others (are) salty.（有些菜是甜的，有些是咸的。） He comes from a small town, but his brother (comes from) a big city.（他来自一个小镇，但他的哥哥来自一个大城市。） 【易错警示】 省略必须保证逻辑主语一致。例如，不能说 “When a child, his grandmother told him stories.”（错在从句省略的主语是 “he”，而主句主语是 “his grandmother”，不一致。） 在比较从句中，要注意代词的格。在正式文体中，than 或 as 后接主语代词时，常用主格，并保留助动词。例如：She speaks faster than he does. （她说话比他快。） 【经典练习】 (1) 补全下列句子中被省略的成分（在括号中写出省略的词） 1.While __________ traveling in Japan, he learned to respect local customs. 2.If __________ necessary, we can change the schedule. 3.This tradition is as important as that one __________. 4.— Can you play the guitar? — Yes, I can __________. 5.Some festivals are religious, others __________ secular. (2) 选择最佳答案 1.When __________ from a distance, the temple looks magnificent. A. See B. seeing C. seen D. to see 2.He has adapted to the new environment better than __________. A. I have B. me C. I am D. me have 3.— Would you like to try the local food? — Yes, I’d love __________. A. To B. to try C. trying D. / 4.Though __________ from different backgrounds, they work together harmoniously. A. Come B. coming C. came D. to come 5.The recipe is not as complicated as you __________. A. Think B. think it C. think it is D. thinking (3) 改正下列句子中的错误 1. 错误：When visiting a foreign country, local laws should be respected. 改正：_________________________________________ 2.错误：She dances more gracefully than me. 改正：_________________________________________ (强调正式文体中的比较) 3.错误：He wants to visit China, and his sister to visit Japan. 改正：_________________________________________ 【练习答案】 (1) While (he was) traveling in Japan, he learned to respect local customs. If (it is) necessary, we can change the schedule. This tradition is as important as that one (is). — Can you play the guitar? — Yes, I can (play it). Some festivals are religious, others (are) secular. (2) C （从句主语 the temple 与 see 之间是被动关系，省略了 it is，用过去分词 seen。） A （比较从句中，用助动词 have 代替实义动词 adapted，主语用主格 I。） A （省略了 try the local food，保留不定式符号 to。） B （从句主语 they 与 come 之间是主动关系，省略了 they are，用现在分词 coming。） C （比较从句中，think 后接宾语从句 it is，it is 可省略为 it is 或 so，但此处选项C最完整清晰。） (3) 改正：When visiting a foreign country, you should respect local laws. （原句状语从句省略的主语是 “you” 或 “visitors”，与主句主语 “local laws” 不一致，导致悬垂修饰错误。） 改正：She dances more gracefully than I do. （在正式文体中，than 后接主语代词 I，并用助动词 do 代替实义动词。） 改正：He wants to visit China, and his sister wants to visit Japan. （并列句中，后一分句若省略谓语动词 wants，则 to visit Japan 会成为目的状语，导致逻辑不清。需补全谓语或改为：He wants to visit China, and his sister, Japan. 但此为非正式用法。） 六、写作清单 An Introduction to Your City or Town 【点拨·写作技巧】 介绍城市或小镇的应用文（如旅行指南、宣传页、给笔友的信）旨在向他人描绘一个地方的风貌，唤起兴趣或提供信息。写作核心在于展现特色与传递感受。 读者意识： 明确读者是谁（潜在游客、国际交换生、网友？），决定介绍的重点（历史、美食、自然风光还是现代生活？）。 第一印象： 开头应快速建立整体印象，可用一个生动的场景、一个比喻或一句欢迎语抓住读者注意力。 结构清晰： 逻辑流畅，避免信息堆砌。常见结构：总体印象 → 地理/历史定位 → 核心特色（分点描述，如文化、地标、美食） → 氛围与感受 → 热情邀请。 语言特点： 描述性语言为主，多使用感官词汇（看到、听到、闻到、尝到）。适当运用形容词和比喻，让描述鲜活。注意现在时态（描述一般特征）和现在完成时（描述持续影响）的运用。 【积累·写作素材】 开头常用语 Welcome to [城市名], a place where [整体特征，如 tradition meets modernity / mountains meet the sea]! Have you ever imagined a city that [独特描述]? Let me introduce you to my hometown — [城市名]. Nestled in [地理位置], [城市名] is more than just a dot on the map; it’s a living story of [文化特色，如 diverse cultures and natural beauty]. 主体部分常用语 地理位置与规模： Located in the [方位] part of [省份/国家], it is a [规模形容词，如 bustling metropolis / cozy town] with a population of... 历史与文化： With a history dating back to [朝代/世纪], the city bears witness to... / What truly defines [城市名] is its rich cultural tapestry woven by different ethnic groups. 标志性地点： No visit would be complete without seeing [地标1], which... / For a taste of local life, head to [地点2], where you can... 美食： When it comes to food, [城市名] is a paradise for food lovers. You must try [特色菜], which is known for its [味道特点]. 氛围： The best way to feel the pulse of the city is to wander through its [街区/市场], where the air is filled with... 结尾常用语 Whether you’re a history enthusiast, a foodie, or simply seeking new experiences, [城市名] has something special to offer you. [城市名] is not just a place to visit; it’s an experience to be lived. I sincerely hope you get a chance to feel its unique charm yourself one day. Come and discover the heart and soul of [城市名] — you might just find a second home here. 【示例·分步写作】 主题：An Introduction to My City — Chongqing 第一步：审题谋篇 项目 内容 体裁 介绍性文章 (Informative Introduction) 人称 第一人称 (介绍我的城市) 与第二人称 (与读者直接对话，如“你可以看到”) 结合。 时态 主要使用一般现在时 (描述城市常态特征)，提及历史背景时可用一般过去时。 框架 第一段： 生动开场，建立“山城”、“火锅之都”的强烈第一印象。 第二段： 分点阐述核心特色——独特地理与城市景观、多元融合的历史文化、令人难忘的美食体验。 第三段： 总结城市氛围与精神，向读者发出热情邀请。 第二步：要点翻译 重庆，坐落于中国西南部，是一座以其山地地形和火热美食闻名的活力大都市。(be located in, be known for) Chongqing, located in southwestern China, is a vibrant metropolis known for its mountainous terrain and spicy cuisine. 城市建筑依山而建，你可以看到轻轨列车从居民楼中穿行而过。(be built on, see...doing) The city’s architecture is built on hills, and you can see light rail trains running through residential buildings. 作为一个历史悠久的港口城市，重庆融合了多样的文化影响。(with a history of, blend) With a history as a port city, Chongqing has blended diverse cultural influences. 当然，没有火锅的重庆之旅是不完整的，这是一种社交用餐体验。(be complete without, dining experience) Of course, a trip to Chongqing would not be complete without hot pot, which is a social dining experience. 这座城市的能量和直率的人民使它成为一个令人难忘的地方。(energy, straightforward) The city’s energy and its straightforward people make it an unforgettable place. 第三步：词句升级 用 With结构 合并句1的部分信息，使开篇更紧凑有力： With its dramatic hills and fiery food, Chongqing, located in southwestern China, is a metropolis that never fails to amaze. 用 not only... but also... 连接句2和句3，突出城市的双重魅力： The city is not only famous for its unique landscape where buildings cling to slopes and trains weave through apartments, but also for its rich history as a cultural melting pot. 用 What 引导的主语从句 强调句4中火锅的核心地位： What truly captures the essence of local life is the hot pot, a must-try social dining experience that no visit is complete without. 用 more than... 结构升华句5，表达更深层感受： Ultimately, Chongqing is more than its scenery and food; it’s the dynamic energy and warm, straightforward spirit of its people that leave a lasting impression. 第四步：连句成篇 Welcome to Chongqing — The Mountain City Have you ever dreamed of a city where skyscrapers rise from misty mountains and the air carries the thrilling aroma of spices? Welcome to Chongqing, my hometown, a place of dramatic contrasts and endless energy. With its dramatic hills and fiery food, Chongqing, located in southwestern China, is a metropolis that never fails to amaze. The city is not only famous for its unique landscape where buildings cling to steep slopes and light rail trains magically weave through residential towers, but also for its rich history. As a key port on the Yangtze River with a history spanning over 3,000 years, it has long been a cultural melting pot, blending influences from across China. This diversity is reflected in its historic sites like Ciqikou Ancient Town and its modern, buzzing business districts. Of course, the soul of Chongqing lies in its food. What truly captures the essence of local life is the hot pot. Imagine a bubbling, spicy broth in the center of your table, where you cook a variety of meats and vegetables while sharing laughter with friends and family — it’s a social event you cannot miss. Strolling through the vibrant night markets, like the one at Hongya Cave, you’ll feel the city’s infectious pulse. Ultimately, Chongqing is more than its breathtaking scenery and mouthwatering cuisine; it’s the dynamic energy and the warm, straightforward spirit of its people that leave a lasting impression. It’s a city that challenges your senses and embraces you with its genuine warmth. Come and discover the magic of Chongqing for yourself — an adventure you’ll always remember! 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit3 Diverse Cultures 单词 diverse adj. 不同的；多种多样的​ minority n. 少数民族；少数派​ custom n. 风俗；习俗​ heritage n. 遗产；传统​ greet vt. & vi. 问候；迎接​ seasonal adj. 季节的；季节性的​ typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的​ awesome adj. 令人惊叹的；可怕的；极好的​ gather vt. & vi. 聚集；集合；收集​ admit vt. & vi. 承认；准许进入；接纳​ fortune n. 机会；运气；财富​ nowadays adv. 现今；现在 cater vt. & vi. 满足需求；迎合；提供饮食及服务 confirm vt. 确认；证实；批准 definitely adv. 肯定；确实；明确地 occur vi. 发生；出现 elect vt. & vi. 选举；挑选 fashion n. 时尚；时兴；流行款式 brand n. 品牌；牌子 attach vt. 系；贴；附加；认为……重要 symbol n. 象征；符号；标志 短语 be proud of 为……自豪；以……为荣​ dress up 打扮；盛装​ take part in 参加；参与​ come across 偶然遇见；偶然发现​ set off 出发；动身；启程 consist of 由……组成；由……构成 a variety of 各种各样的；多种类型的 relate to 与……相关；涉及 bring back 使恢复；使想起；带回 as well as 也；还；和……一样 熟词生义 plant vt. 安插；派驻；种植 (n. 植物；工厂)​ deliver vt. 发表；递送；接生 (常义：递送)​ mark n. 痕迹；记号；分数 vt. 标记；纪念 (常义：分数；标记)​ spirit n. 精神；灵魂；情绪 (常义：精神；灵魂) 句型 which 引导非限制性定语从句​ Chinatowns, which are home to many Chinese people, can be found in many cities around the world.​ “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句​ The festival is a time when family members gather together, for which people will dress up and exchange gifts.​ 现在分词短语作伴随状语​ They walked along the street, chatting and laughing with each other.​ 过去分词短语作后置定语​ The traditions and customs passed down from generation to generation are the precious heritage of the nation.​ It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who... 强调句型​ It is the diverse cultures that make our world so colorful.​ while 引导并列句（表对比）​ Some cultures value collectivism while others emphasize individualism.​ 疑问词+不定式结构​ She doesn’t know how to celebrate the traditional festival in this new city. 语法 省略的用法 一、词汇清单 知识点1 diverse adj. 不同的；多种多样的 教材原句 America is a “melting pot” of diverse cultures. 美国是多种文化的“熔炉”。 [拓展] (1) diversity n. 多样性 (2) cultural diversity 文化多样性 (3) diversify v. 使多样化 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① The city is known for its cultural __________ (diverse). ② We should __________ (diverse) our investments to reduce risk. ③ The team is made up of people from __________ (diverse) backgrounds. 知识点2 heritage n. 遗产（尤指文化遗产） 教材原句 It’s important to protect our cultural heritage. 保护我们的文化遗产很重要。 [拓展] (1) cultural / natural heritage 文化/自然遗产 (2) world heritage site 世界遗产地 (3) inherit v. 继承 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① The Great Wall is a UNESCO World __________ (heritage) Site. ② He will __________ (heritage) a large fortune from his grandfather. ③ We have a duty to preserve our national __________ (heritage). 知识点3 identity n. 身份；特征 教材原句 Language plays a key role in shaping national identity. 语言在塑造民族认同方面起着关键作用。 [拓展] (1) cultural/ national identity 文化/民族认同 (2) identity card (ID card) 身份证 (3) identify v. 识别；确认 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① Can you __________ (identity) the man in this photo? ② She is struggling with her sense of __________ (identical) after moving abroad. ③ Please show your __________ (identical) card at the entrance. 知识点4 immigrant n. 移民 教材原句 Many immigrants came to America seeking a better life. 许多移民来到美国寻求更好的生活。 [拓展] (1) immigrate v. （从外国）移入 (2) immigration n. 移居；移民入境 (3) emigrate v. 移居外国 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① His grandparents __________ (immigrant) to Canada in the 1950s. ② The country has strict __________ (immigrant) laws. ③ She is a first-generation __________ (immigrant) from Mexico. 知识点5 ethnic adj. 种族的；民族的 教材原句 The country is home to more than 50 ethnic groups. 这个国家有50多个民族。 [拓展] (1) ethnic minority 少数民族 (2) ethnicity n. 种族归属 (3) ethnic music/cuisine 民族音乐/菜肴 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① The festival celebrates the __________ (ethnic) of the region. ② This restaurant serves delicious __________ (ethnic) food. ③ All __________ (ethnic) groups should enjoy equal rights. 知识点6 distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；不同的 教材原句 Each region has its own distinct culture and traditions. 每个地区都有自己独特的文化和传统。 [拓展] (1) distinction n. 区别；优秀 (2) distinctive adj. 独特的，有特色的 (3) distinctly adv. 明显地 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① There’s a __________ (distinct) smell of flowers in the air. ② She passed the exam with __________ (distinct). ③ His style is very __________ (distinct) from others. 知识点7 tradition n. 传统 （本单元深化） 教材原句 They keep the tradition of storytelling alive. 他们保持着讲故事的传统。 [拓展] (1) traditional adj. 传统的 (2) traditionally adv. 传统上 (3) break from tradition 打破传统 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① __________ (tradition), the bride wears a white dress. ② He comes from a family with a long __________ (tradition) of serving in the navy. ③ This is a __________ (tradition) method of making cheese. 知识点8 cuisine n. 烹饪；菜肴 教材原句 I love trying the local cuisine when I travel. 旅行时我喜欢品尝当地菜肴。 [拓展] (1) French/Italian cuisine 法国/意大利菜 (2) a cuisine restaurant 风味餐厅 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① This restaurant is famous for its Sichuan __________ (cuisine). ② Thai __________ (cuisine) is known for its spicy flavors. ③ He’s an expert in French __________ (cuisine). 知识点9 influence n.&v. 影响 教材原句 Chinese culture has a great influence on many Asian countries. 中国文化对许多亚洲国家影响很大。 [拓展] (1) have an influence on/upon... 对……有影响 (2) influential adj. 有影响力的 (3) under the influence of... 在……的影响下 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① His writings were __________ (influence) in shaping public opinion. ② She’s a very __________ (influence) person in the business world. ③ The teacher had a great __________ (influence) on my career choice. 知识点10 adapt v. （使）适应；改编 教材原句 When you move to a new country, you need time to adapt. 当你移居到一个新国家时，你需要时间来适应。 [拓展] (1) adapt to sth. 适应某事 (2) adaptation n. 适应；改编本 (3) adaptable adj. 能适应的 [经典练习] 单句语法填空： ① The film is an __________ (adapt) of a classic novel. ② He found it hard to __________ (adapt) to the cold climate. ③ Children are often more __________ (adapt) than adults. 二、短语清单 be home to... 是……的所在地/家园 contribute to... 有助于；促成；是……的原因之一 a variety of... 各种各样的 blend in (with...) （与……）融合；协调 result from... 由……造成；因……而产生 give way to... 让位于；被……替代 in turn 转而；反过来；依次 look back on... 回顾…… be aware of... 意识到…… adapt to... 适应…… [经典练习] 用所给短语的适当形式填空 1.San Francisco __________ a large and vibrant Chinese community. (be home to) 2.Mutual respect and understanding __________ a more harmonious multicultural society. (contribute to) 3.With immigrants arriving from all over the world, the city’s culture has __________ a fascinating mix of traditions. (give way to) 三、熟词生义 reflect v. 反射；映出（常见义） v. 反映；显示（常见义） v. 认真思考；沉思（生义） [经典练习] 用 reflect 的适当形式或其派生词填空。 1.The report accurately __________ the diversity of opinions within the group. 2.After the trip, she needed some quiet time to __________ on everything she had experienced. 3.His __________ expression suggested that he was considering the question deeply. 四、句型清单 With + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（介词短语/形容词） With people from all over the world, the city is truly international. 现在分词短语作状语 Living in a foreign country, you learn to appreciate your own culture more. What引导的主语从句 What impressed me most was the friendliness of the local people. not... but... 结构 The goal is not to erase differences, but to celebrate them. 强调句 It is/was... that... It is through daily interactions that cultural understanding deepens. [经典练习] 根据句型要求，用括号内所给提示完成句子。 1.（With结构）__________ different cultural backgrounds, they often have unique perspectives on the same issue. (people, from) 2.（What主语从句）__________ that defines a culture is often its shared values and beliefs. (is) 3.（强调句）__________ in the late 19th century __________ large numbers of immigrants arrived in this area. (that) 五、语法清单 省略（Ellipsis） 【感知・语法规律】 观察以下句子，注意哪些部分被省略了： When (you are) in Rome, do as the Romans do.（入乡随俗。） If (it is) possible, I’d like to learn a third language.（如果可能，我想学第三门语言。） He is more confident now than (he was) before.（他现在比以前更自信了。） — Would you like to join us for dinner? — I’d love to (join you).（你想和我们一起吃晚饭吗？我很乐意。） Some people like spicy food, others (like) mild food.（有些人喜欢辣食，有些人喜欢清淡的。） 【精讲・语法知识】 省略是为了避免重复，使语言简洁流畅。在对话、比较、状语从句等语境中，常可省略主语、谓语、宾语等成分，前提是省略后不影响理解。 1. 状语从句中的省略 在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，如果从句主语与主句主语一致，且谓语包含be动词，常可省略主语和be动词。 When (you are) traveling, keep an open mind.（旅行时，要保持开放的心态。） If (it is) mixed properly, the flavors will be amazing.（如果混合得当，味道会非常好。） He spoke as if (he was) giving a lecture.（他说话的样子好像在讲课一样。） Though (she was) tired, she continued to help.（虽然累了，她还是继续帮忙。） 2. 比较状语从句中的省略 在 as...as..., than 引导的比较状语从句中，常省略与主句相同的部分。 This city is as multicultural as New York (is).（这座城市和纽约一样多元文化。） He knows more about Italian cuisine than I (do).（他比我更了解意大利菜。） The festival is not as big (as it was) last year.（这个节日没有去年那么盛大。） 注意： 在比较从句中，常用助动词 do, did, does 等代替实义动词，以避免重复。 She appreciates traditional music more than he does.（她比他更欣赏传统音乐。） 3. 动词不定式符号 to 后的省略 为避免重复，常保留不定式符号 to，而省略后面的动词原形（及其宾语）。 You can adapt to the new culture if you want to (adapt).（如果你想，你可以适应新文化。） He didn’t contribute, though he promised to (contribute).（他答应了要贡献，但没有。） 注意： 如果不定式是 be 或完成式 have done，通常要保留 be 或 have。 The result is not as good as we hoped it to be.（结果不像我们希望的那么好。） 4. 简单句或对话中的省略 在对话或上下文中，常省略双方已知的成分，使对话更自然。 (It) Sounds like a great plan!（听起来是个好计划！） — Have you been to the new museum? — (I have) Not yet.（你去过新博物馆吗？还没。） (I) Hope you enjoy the festival!（希望你享受这个节日！） 5. 并列句中的省略 在 and, but, or 连接的并列句中，后一分句常省略与前一分句相同的部分。 Some dishes are sweet, and others (are) salty.（有些菜是甜的，有些是咸的。） He comes from a small town, but his brother (comes from) a big city.（他来自一个小镇，但他的哥哥来自一个大城市。） 【易错警示】 省略必须保证逻辑主语一致。例如，不能说 “When a child, his grandmother told him stories.”（错在从句省略的主语是 “he”，而主句主语是 “his grandmother”，不一致。） 在比较从句中，要注意代词的格。在正式文体中，than 或 as 后接主语代词时，常用主格，并保留助动词。例如：She speaks faster than he does. （她说话比他快。） 【经典练习】 (1) 补全下列句子中被省略的成分（在括号中写出省略的词） 1.While __________ traveling in Japan, he learned to respect local customs. 2.If __________ necessary, we can change the schedule. 3.This tradition is as important as that one __________. 4.— Can you play the guitar? — Yes, I can __________. 5.Some festivals are religious, others __________ secular. (2) 选择最佳答案 1.When __________ from a distance, the temple looks magnificent. A. See B. seeing C. seen D. to see 2.He has adapted to the new environment better than __________. A. I have B. me C. I am D. me have 3.— Would you like to try the local food? — Yes, I’d love __________. A. To B. to try C. trying D. / 4.Though __________ from different backgrounds, they work together harmoniously. A. Come B. coming C. came D. to come 5.The recipe is not as complicated as you __________. A. Think B. think it C. think it is D. thinking (3) 改正下列句子中的错误 1. 错误：When visiting a foreign country, local laws should be respected. 改正：_________________________________________ 2.错误：She dances more gracefully than me. 改正：_________________________________________ (强调正式文体中的比较) 3.错误：He wants to visit China, and his sister to visit Japan. 改正：_________________________________________ 六、写作清单 An Introduction to Your City or Town 【点拨·写作技巧】 介绍城市或小镇的应用文（如旅行指南、宣传页、给笔友的信）旨在向他人描绘一个地方的风貌，唤起兴趣或提供信息。写作核心在于展现特色与传递感受。 读者意识： 明确读者是谁（潜在游客、国际交换生、网友？），决定介绍的重点（历史、美食、自然风光还是现代生活？）。 第一印象： 开头应快速建立整体印象，可用一个生动的场景、一个比喻或一句欢迎语抓住读者注意力。 结构清晰： 逻辑流畅，避免信息堆砌。常见结构：总体印象 → 地理/历史定位 → 核心特色（分点描述，如文化、地标、美食） → 氛围与感受 → 热情邀请。 语言特点： 描述性语言为主，多使用感官词汇（看到、听到、闻到、尝到）。适当运用形容词和比喻，让描述鲜活。注意现在时态（描述一般特征）和现在完成时（描述持续影响）的运用。 【积累·写作素材】 开头常用语 Welcome to [城市名], a place where [整体特征，如 tradition meets modernity / mountains meet the sea]! Have you ever imagined a city that [独特描述]? Let me introduce you to my hometown — [城市名]. Nestled in [地理位置], [城市名] is more than just a dot on the map; it’s a living story of [文化特色，如 diverse cultures and natural beauty]. 主体部分常用语 地理位置与规模： Located in the [方位] part of [省份/国家], it is a [规模形容词，如 bustling metropolis / cozy town] with a population of... 历史与文化： With a history dating back to [朝代/世纪], the city bears witness to... / What truly defines [城市名] is its rich cultural tapestry woven by different ethnic groups. 标志性地点： No visit would be complete without seeing [地标1], which... / For a taste of local life, head to [地点2], where you can... 美食： When it comes to food, [城市名] is a paradise for food lovers. You must try [特色菜], which is known for its [味道特点]. 氛围： The best way to feel the pulse of the city is to wander through its [街区/市场], where the air is filled with... 结尾常用语 Whether you’re a history enthusiast, a foodie, or simply seeking new experiences, [城市名] has something special to offer you. [城市名] is not just a place to visit; it’s an experience to be lived. I sincerely hope you get a chance to feel its unique charm yourself one day. Come and discover the heart and soul of [城市名] — you might just find a second home here. 【示例·分步写作】 主题：An Introduction to My City — Chongqing 第一步：审题谋篇 项目 内容 体裁 介绍性文章 (Informative Introduction) 人称 第一人称 (介绍我的城市) 与第二人称 (与读者直接对话，如“你可以看到”) 结合。 时态 主要使用一般现在时 (描述城市常态特征)，提及历史背景时可用一般过去时。 框架 第一段： 生动开场，建立“山城”、“火锅之都”的强烈第一印象。 第二段： 分点阐述核心特色——独特地理与城市景观、多元融合的历史文化、令人难忘的美食体验。 第三段： 总结城市氛围与精神，向读者发出热情邀请。 第二步：要点翻译 重庆，坐落于中国西南部，是一座以其山地地形和火热美食闻名的活力大都市。(be located in, be known for) Chongqing, located in southwestern China, is a vibrant metropolis known for its mountainous terrain and spicy cuisine. 城市建筑依山而建，你可以看到轻轨列车从居民楼中穿行而过。(be built on, see...doing) The city’s architecture is built on hills, and you can see light rail trains running through residential buildings. 作为一个历史悠久的港口城市，重庆融合了多样的文化影响。(with a history of, blend) With a history as a port city, Chongqing has blended diverse cultural influences. 当然，没有火锅的重庆之旅是不完整的，这是一种社交用餐体验。(be complete without, dining experience) Of course, a trip to Chongqing would not be complete without hot pot, which is a social dining experience. 这座城市的能量和直率的人民使它成为一个令人难忘的地方。(energy, straightforward) The city’s energy and its straightforward people make it an unforgettable place. 第三步：词句升级 用 With结构 合并句1的部分信息，使开篇更紧凑有力： With its dramatic hills and fiery food, Chongqing, located in southwestern China, is a metropolis that never fails to amaze. 用 not only... but also... 连接句2和句3，突出城市的双重魅力： The city is not only famous for its unique landscape where buildings cling to slopes and trains weave through apartments, but also for its rich history as a cultural melting pot. 用 What 引导的主语从句 强调句4中火锅的核心地位： What truly captures the essence of local life is the hot pot, a must-try social dining experience that no visit is complete without. 用 more than... 结构升华句5，表达更深层感受： Ultimately, Chongqing is more than its scenery and food; it’s the dynamic energy and warm, straightforward spirit of its people that leave a lasting impression. 第四步：连句成篇 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $