专题02 语法串讲2（ 宾语从句、定语从句 ）（期末复习讲义）九年级英语上学期人教版

该初中英语期末复习讲义通过表格与结构化梳理构建宾语从句和定语从句知识体系，将宾语从句三要素（连接词、时态、语序）及定语从句关系代词、关系副词等核心要点分类呈现，用对比表格归纳连接词用法、时态变化规则，清晰展现语法点内在逻辑与重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计与情境化命题，基础通关含填空、单选夯实语法基础，重难突破以油纸伞文化短文进行语法填空，链接中考真题强化应试能力。通过“主现从不限”等记忆口诀培养思维品质，结合文化语篇提升文化意识，助力不同层次学生提升语言运用能力，为教师精准教学与学生自主复习提供系统支持。

专题02 语法串讲2（ 宾语从句、定语从句 ）（期末复习讲义） （期末复习讲义） 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 宾语从句、定语从句 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 宾语从句 在句中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。 重点语法： 宾语从句：三要素： 连接词/ 时态/ 语序 Eg: Miss Zhu said that she was handsome. 连接词： that： 起连接作用，无义，可省 if/ whether: “是否” （只用whether： or not/不定式前/介词后） 特殊疑问词： 连接代词：who; whom; whose; what; which 连接副词：when; where; why; how Eg: He says (that) he will come tomorrow. Eg: He asks if/ whether he will come tomorrow. Eg: He asks when he will come tomorrow. 时态： 记忆口诀：主现从不限，主过从也过，客观真理不变, 委婉语气不限。 主过从过： 从句时态： 一般现在时 → 一般过去时 ( do/ does → did ) 一般过去时 → 过去完成时 (did → had done) 一般将来时→ 过去将来时 (will do → would do) 现在进行时 → 过去进行时 (am/is/ are doing → was/were doing) 现在完成时→ 过去进行时 (have/ has done → had done ) 语序： 陈述语序：主句+ 连接词 +主语 +谓语 +其他 Eg： I don’t know when he will come back. 注：I don’t know what’s the matter. I don’t know what’s wrong. I don’t know what’s up. (语序不变) 知识点01 连接词 连接词 连接词的作用 例句 that 本身无意义,只起连接作用,在口语中可省略 He said(that)Kate was good at swimming.他说凯特擅长游泳。 what,which,who,whose,whom等连接代词 在从句中作一定的成分,如主语、宾语、定语等 I don’t know what they are going to do.我不知道他们打算干什么。 when(表时间),where(表地点),why(表原因),how(表方式)等连接副词 在从句中作状语 Could you tell me where you are from?你能告诉我你来自哪儿吗? Do you know how they found the place?你知道他们是怎么找到那个地方的吗? if/whether (是否) 不作句子成分,但不能省略 He asked me if Miss Gao was a teacher.他问我高小姐是否是一位老师。 1.He seems to have learnt about the bad news.(改为同义句) It seems 　 　 about the bad news.  2.Who is the man?Could you tell me?(合并为一个句子并且不改变意思) Could you tell me 　 　?  知识点02 时态 (1)如果主句是现在的某种时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时),那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如: I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。 He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrow.他已告诉我明天他就动身去纽约了。 (2)如果主句是过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时),那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。如: He told me that he would take part in the competition.他告诉我他将会参加比赛。 (3)如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理,即使主句是一般过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。如: He told me that the earth is round.(真理)他告诉我地球是圆的。 1.The teacher told us,“Light travels much faster than sound.”(改为间接引语) The teacher told us 　 　 much faster than sound.  知识点03 语序 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时,要特别注意从句的语序,即按照主语、谓语的顺序。如: What’s Kate’s e-mail address?Do you know? =Do you know what Kate’s e-mail address is?你知道凯特的电子邮件地址吗? 1.Mr.Lee asked Tom,“Where have you been?”(改为间接引语) Mr.Lee asked Tom 　 　.  知识点04 否定转移 在主从复合句中,当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等时,要将宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如: I don’t think he will come with you.我认为他不会和你一起来。 1.I think Daniel’s finished his homework.(改为否定句) I 　 　 Daniel 　 　 finished his homework.  知识点05 简化 (1)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时,从句可简化为不定式结构。如: I hope that I can receive your e-mail. =I hope to receive your e-mail.我希望能收到你的电子邮件。 (2)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn 等,从句由疑问词引导时,从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如: She doesn’t know what she should do next.=She doesn’t know what to do next.她不知道下一步该做什么。 (3)宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。如: I don’t believe what Tom said.=I don’t believe Tom’s words.我不相信汤姆所说的话。 1.We haven’t decided if we will go to Hainan Island for a holiday.(改为同义句) We haven’t decided 　 　 to Hainan Island for a holiday.  定语从句 知识点01.定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词、短语或句子叫先行词。 A doctor is a person who looks after a patient.  先行词　主语　　谓语　　宾语  This is the place which is worth visiting.(一个词)这是值得参观的地方。 Many life’s problems which were solved by asking family members，friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.(一个短语)许多以前可以通过询问家庭成员、朋友或者同事就能解决的生活问题是现在的大家庭无力解决的。 I took an old man to hospital in a taxi immediately，which was why I was late that morning.(一个完整的句子) 我乘出租车立即把一个老人送到了医院，这就是那天早上我迟到的原因。 知识点02．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系词有三大作用：代指先行词，引导定语从句，在从句中作句子成分。 Beijing，which is the capital city of China，is a very beautiful city. ↓ 知识点03.关系代词 关系代词在句中代替指人或事物的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成分。 关系代词 先行词 句法功能 who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) whose(＝of whom/ of which) 人或物 定语 that 人或物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) as 人或物 主语、宾语 Do you know the man that/whom Mr.White introduced just now? 怀特先生刚才介绍的那个人你认识吗？ Our monitor is the boy whose father is a lawyer. 我们的班长是父亲做律师的那个男孩。 【名师指津】　关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 Tom is one of the engineers who are sent abroad. 汤姆是被派往国外的工程师之一。 Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution. 汤姆就是唯一提出解决方案的那位工程师。 用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who 1.This is the man wants to see you. 2.The man you went to see has come. 3.The man I met yesterday lent me some money. 4.Here is the pen you lost the day before yesterday. 5.The storybook I have just read cannot be easily forgotten. 6.The film they are talking about is very interesting. 7.I will never forget the people and the places I have ever visited. 知识点04．关系副词 关系副词代替表示时间、地点、原因的先行词，并在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语，不能省略。 关系副词 先行词 句法功能 when (＝in/at/on/...＋which) 时间 时间状语 where (＝in/at/on/...＋which) 地点 地点状语 why(＝for which) 原因 原因状语(只引导限制性定语从句) The time when (at which) I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. 第一次见纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常困难的时期。 The school where (at which) I studied for only two years was three kilometres away. 那所学校离这里有3 千米远，我仅在那里读过两年书。 There are various reasons (for which) why people write poetry. 人们写诗有各种各样的理由。 【名师指津】　先行词为抽象地点的名词(situation，case，stage，point，activity等)，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where引导定语从句。如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时则用关系代词which/that。 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。 知识点05.只能用that及省略 (1)下列情况下,先行词指物时,定语从句只能用that引导,不能用which引导: ①当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时。如: Is there anything(that)you don’t understand?你有什么不懂的地方吗? Tom told his mother all that had happened.汤姆把发生的所有事情告诉了他的妈妈。 ②当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last等修饰时。如: This is the only book that I can find.这是我能找到的唯一一本书。 ③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。如: This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的书。 ④当先行词前面有only,all,any,no等修饰时。如: I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.我想把鲁迅的著作全读完。 ⑤当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问结构时。如: Which is the hotel that you like best?哪个是你最喜欢的旅店? (2)关系代词的省略 一般情况下,关系代词作宾语时可以省略,但关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词位于关系代词前时,不能省略。如: I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the club.我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。 注意:that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。如: Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher?正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁? 填入适合的关系词 1.We often think of the days we spent together in the countryside. 2.We often think of the days we worked together in the countryside. 3.We believe the reason he told us. 4.The reason he was absent yesterday is still unknown. 5.The school I visited is beautiful. 6.The school I studied is beautiful. 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） A.填空题 1.Find out 　　　 those things are, think hard about who you want to be, and then show yourself honestly to the people around you.  2.—Do you know　　　the Smiths left Shanghai?  —I’m not sure about the date. I only remember it was a Sunday. 3.—It’s said that the new highway has been completed. —Yes,but we don’t know　　　 it’s to be opened to traffic soon.  4.It is the same with our lives. Those　　　choose to live in peace must help their neighbors to live in peace.  5.“Anyone　　　has heard about Seattle’s train may think this is kind of fun,”McKaulay said.  6.Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience 　　　people cannot get at home.  7.Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. Everything　　　comes into sight is so new to me.  8.—Why don’t you like fishing? —Fishing is a hobby　　　 needs much patience,but I’m not patient at all.  B、单项选择 1.Not all children　　　watch this video will become a scientist, but some may become interested in science.  A.whom B.which C.who D.whose 2.Anyone who is a server or　　　has been one knows that customers always come first.  A.whom B.what C.who D.which 3.—Class, you should be thankful to those people 　　　 helped and supported you.  —We will, Miss Chen. A.which B.whom C.who D.whose 4.She often parks her car near the house　　　she can easily get to.  A.where B.who C.which D.what 5.Everyone　　　 has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city.  A.why B.whose C.who D.which 6.—Did you notice 　　　 in her office?  —Yes. She was going over our writing. A.what was Miss Lin doing B.what Miss Lin was doing C.what does Miss Lin do D.what Miss Lin does 7.—Dear friends, do you still remember 　　　 three years ago?  —To realize our dreams! A.why you came here B.why did you come here C.how you came here D.how did you come here 8.—Alice, could you tell me 　　　 London?  —Sure. Last Sunday. A.when Mr. Smith left B.when Mr. Smith will leave C.when did Mr. Smith leave D.when will Mr. Smith leave 9.—Hi, Ken. Did Mrs. Zhang tell us　　　?  —Yes. She said we should meet there at nine. A.which was the way to the station B.why we should meet at the station C.when we should get to the station D.who we should meet at the station 10.—Judy, could you tell me 　　　 the schoolbag?  —Oh, yes. I bought it in a store on the Internet. A.where did you buy B.where will you buy C.where you bought D.where you will buy 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） （2025·福建泉州·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 With a history of over 1,000 years in China, the oil-paper umbrella used to be an important raining tool in China. This umbrella is 1 (call) oil-paper because its paper surface is painted with tung oil (桐油). Although it’s no longer 2 (common) used for rainy days nowadays, it has never disappeared. And it’s still a symbol of romance in many people’s 3 (eye). There’s a story about it in southwest China, an oil-paper umbrella plays an important role. It’s said that when a Yao man’s relative 4 (visit) a young woman’s family to propose marriage (求婚), the relative will bring a red oil-paper umbrella. If the woman agrees, she’ll take the umbrella 5 hang 12 small cloth bags on its ribs (伞架). Then the relative will return the umbrella to the man to tell 6 (he) the good news. The oil-paper umbrella made in Fenshui, a town in Luzhou, Sichuan Province is world-famous. To make the umbrella, craftspeople (工匠) must complete 7 (many) than 70 steps. It takes a craftsperson about half a month to make an oil-paper umbrella. The umbrella’s surface is made 8 special paper. It can be opened and closed at least 3, 000 times. Its surface won’t separate from the ribs even if the umbrella is put in water for 24 hours. Bi Luo, 9 native of Fenshui, has been making oil-paper umbrellas for over 40 years. He has won many prizes in 10 (nation) and international craft competitions. For Bi, making umbrellas is a lifelong pursuit rather than a way to make a living. 链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） 1．（2024·天津·中考真题）— Could you tell me _________? — He likes the Science Museum best. A．when Kevin visited the museum B．which museum Kevin likes best C．when did Kevin visit the museum D．which museum does Kevin like best 2．（2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题）—I wonder ________? —I’m not sure. Let’s ask Miss Li for help. A．which subject should we choose B．what we can do with the rest materials C．that Bob went to the library just now 3．（2024·河北·中考真题）To know ________ the mountain top looks like, you need to reach it. A．what B．when C．where D．which 4．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）—Do you know ________ Dunhuang? —Because the scenery there is so fascinating and the culture is so rich. A．what they think of B．how to get to C．why many people travel to D．where we can learn about 5．（2024·广西·中考真题）—Could you please tell me ________? —In my hometown. A．how you usually go to school B．where you usually spend your holiday C．when you usually have breakfast at school 6．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）—Jingxuan, Boonie Bears: Time Twist (《熊出没·逆转时空》) has come out. Would you mind telling me ________? —Certainly not. Vick (光头强) is. A．how the movie is B．what the movie is about C．who your favorite character is 7．（2024·山东东营·中考真题）—Do you know _____? —20-30 minutes, the experts suggest. A．what we should eat for a meal B．where we should eat a meal C．why we should not eat a meal too quickly D．how long we should spend eating a meal 8．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）—I feel so nervous. What should I do? —You’d better listen to music that ________. A．helps you relax B．you can dance C．makes you sad 9．（2024·四川乐山·中考真题）—I’ll never forget the experiences ______ we had in the volunteer work last summer. —Me too. The 3 days were meaningful and full of fun. A．when B．who C．that 10．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）A true friend is a person ________ can help you when you are in trouble. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 11．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）The “Kemusan” dance is an eye-catching dance performance ________ is quite popular these days. A．who B．which C．whose 12．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）As a science lover, I hope I can invent a bike ________ can fly in the sky. A．where B．when C．which D．who 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 语法串讲2（ 宾语从句、定语从句 ）（期末复习讲义） （期末复习讲义） 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 宾语从句、定语从句 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 宾语从句 在句中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。 重点语法： 宾语从句：三要素： 连接词/ 时态/ 语序 Eg: Miss Zhu said that she was handsome. 连接词： that： 起连接作用，无义，可省 if/ whether: “是否” （只用whether： or not/不定式前/介词后） 特殊疑问词： 连接代词：who; whom; whose; what; which 连接副词：when; where; why; how Eg: He says (that) he will come tomorrow. Eg: He asks if/ whether he will come tomorrow. Eg: He asks when he will come tomorrow. 时态： 记忆口诀：主现从不限，主过从也过，客观真理不变, 委婉语气不限。 主过从过： 从句时态： 一般现在时 → 一般过去时 ( do/ does → did ) 一般过去时 → 过去完成时 (did → had done) 一般将来时→ 过去将来时 (will do → would do) 现在进行时 → 过去进行时 (am/is/ are doing → was/were doing) 现在完成时→ 过去进行时 (have/ has done → had done ) 语序： 陈述语序：主句+ 连接词 +主语 +谓语 +其他 Eg： I don’t know when he will come back. 注：I don’t know what’s the matter. I don’t know what’s wrong. I don’t know what’s up. (语序不变) 知识点01 连接词 连接词 连接词的作用 例句 that 本身无意义,只起连接作用,在口语中可省略 He said(that)Kate was good at swimming.他说凯特擅长游泳。 what,which,who,whose,whom等连接代词 在从句中作一定的成分,如主语、宾语、定语等 I don’t know what they are going to do.我不知道他们打算干什么。 when(表时间),where(表地点),why(表原因),how(表方式)等连接副词 在从句中作状语 Could you tell me where you are from?你能告诉我你来自哪儿吗? Do you know how they found the place?你知道他们是怎么找到那个地方的吗? if/whether (是否) 不作句子成分,但不能省略 He asked me if Miss Gao was a teacher.他问我高小姐是否是一位老师。 1.He seems to have learnt about the bad news.(改为同义句) It seems 　 　 about the bad news.  2.Who is the man?Could you tell me?(合并为一个句子并且不改变意思) Could you tell me 　 　?  【答案】1.that he has learnt2.who the man is 知识点02 时态 (1)如果主句是现在的某种时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时),那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如: I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。 He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrow.他已告诉我明天他就动身去纽约了。 (2)如果主句是过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时),那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。如: He told me that he would take part in the competition.他告诉我他将会参加比赛。 (3)如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理,即使主句是一般过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。如: He told me that the earth is round.(真理)他告诉我地球是圆的。 1.The teacher told us,“Light travels much faster than sound.”(改为间接引语) The teacher told us 　 　 much faster than sound.  【答案】light travels 知识点03 语序 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时,要特别注意从句的语序,即按照主语、谓语的顺序。如: What’s Kate’s e-mail address?Do you know? =Do you know what Kate’s e-mail address is?你知道凯特的电子邮件地址吗? 1.Mr.Lee asked Tom,“Where have you been?”(改为间接引语) Mr.Lee asked Tom 　 　.  【答案】where he had been 知识点04 否定转移 在主从复合句中,当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等时,要将宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如: I don’t think he will come with you.我认为他不会和你一起来。 1.I think Daniel’s finished his homework.(改为否定句) I 　 　 Daniel 　 　 finished his homework.  【答案】don’t think　，has　 知识点05 简化 (1)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时,从句可简化为不定式结构。如: I hope that I can receive your e-mail. =I hope to receive your e-mail.我希望能收到你的电子邮件。 (2)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn 等,从句由疑问词引导时,从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如: She doesn’t know what she should do next.=She doesn’t know what to do next.她不知道下一步该做什么。 (3)宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。如: I don’t believe what Tom said.=I don’t believe Tom’s words.我不相信汤姆所说的话。 1.We haven’t decided if we will go to Hainan Island for a holiday.(改为同义句) We haven’t decided 　 　 to Hainan Island for a holiday.  【答案】whether to go 定语从句 知识点01.定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词、短语或句子叫先行词。 A doctor is a person who looks after a patient.  先行词　主语　　谓语　　宾语  This is the place which is worth visiting.(一个词)这是值得参观的地方。 Many life’s problems which were solved by asking family members，friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.(一个短语)许多以前可以通过询问家庭成员、朋友或者同事就能解决的生活问题是现在的大家庭无力解决的。 I took an old man to hospital in a taxi immediately，which was why I was late that morning.(一个完整的句子) 我乘出租车立即把一个老人送到了医院，这就是那天早上我迟到的原因。 知识点02．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系词有三大作用：代指先行词，引导定语从句，在从句中作句子成分。 Beijing，which is the capital city of China，is a very beautiful city. ↓ 知识点03.关系代词 关系代词在句中代替指人或事物的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成分。 关系代词 先行词 句法功能 who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) whose(＝of whom/ of which) 人或物 定语 that 人或物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) as 人或物 主语、宾语 Do you know the man that/whom Mr.White introduced just now? 怀特先生刚才介绍的那个人你认识吗？ Our monitor is the boy whose father is a lawyer. 我们的班长是父亲做律师的那个男孩。 【名师指津】　关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 Tom is one of the engineers who are sent abroad. 汤姆是被派往国外的工程师之一。 Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution. 汤姆就是唯一提出解决方案的那位工程师。 用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who 1.This is the man wants to see you. 2.The man you went to see has come. 3.The man I met yesterday lent me some money. 4.Here is the pen you lost the day before yesterday. 5.The storybook I have just read cannot be easily forgotten. 6.The film they are talking about is very interesting. 7.I will never forget the people and the places I have ever visited. 【答案】1.who/that 2.(who/that) 3.(who/that) 4.(which/that) 5.(which/that) 6.(which/that) 7.(that) 知识点04．关系副词 关系副词代替表示时间、地点、原因的先行词，并在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语，不能省略。 关系副词 先行词 句法功能 when (＝in/at/on/...＋which) 时间 时间状语 where (＝in/at/on/...＋which) 地点 地点状语 why(＝for which) 原因 原因状语(只引导限制性定语从句) The time when (at which) I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. 第一次见纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常困难的时期。 The school where (at which) I studied for only two years was three kilometres away. 那所学校离这里有3 千米远，我仅在那里读过两年书。 There are various reasons (for which) why people write poetry. 人们写诗有各种各样的理由。 【名师指津】　先行词为抽象地点的名词(situation，case，stage，point，activity等)，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where引导定语从句。如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时则用关系代词which/that。 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。 知识点05.只能用that及省略 (1)下列情况下,先行词指物时,定语从句只能用that引导,不能用which引导: ①当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时。如: Is there anything(that)you don’t understand?你有什么不懂的地方吗? Tom told his mother all that had happened.汤姆把发生的所有事情告诉了他的妈妈。 ②当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last等修饰时。如: This is the only book that I can find.这是我能找到的唯一一本书。 ③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。如: This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的书。 ④当先行词前面有only,all,any,no等修饰时。如: I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.我想把鲁迅的著作全读完。 ⑤当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问结构时。如: Which is the hotel that you like best?哪个是你最喜欢的旅店? (2)关系代词的省略 一般情况下,关系代词作宾语时可以省略,但关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词位于关系代词前时,不能省略。如: I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the club.我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。 注意:that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。如: Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher?正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁? 填入适合的关系词 1.We often think of the days we spent together in the countryside. 2.We often think of the days we worked together in the countryside. 3.We believe the reason he told us. 4.The reason he was absent yesterday is still unknown. 5.The school I visited is beautiful. 6.The school I studied is beautiful. 【答案】1.which/that2.when3. which/that4.why5.which/that6.where 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） A.填空题 1.Find out 　　　 those things are, think hard about who you want to be, and then show yourself honestly to the people around you.  【答案】what　考查宾语从句的连接词。此处表示“找出那些东西是什么……”。“ 　　　 those things are”为宾语从句,作find out的宾语,该从句中缺少表语,且设空处意为“什么”,故填what。  2.—Do you know　　　the Smiths left Shanghai?  —I’m not sure about the date. I only remember it was a Sunday. 【答案】when　句意:——你知道史密斯一家什么时候离开上海的吗?——我不确定日期。我只记得是个星期天。本题考查连接词。根据答句可知是时间,因此使用when。 3.—It’s said that the new highway has been completed. —Yes,but we don’t know　　　 it’s to be opened to traffic soon.  【答案】whether　句意:——据说新的公路已经竣工了。——是的,但是我们不知道是否很快就能通车。本题考查宾语从句的连接词。whether是否,符合句意。 4.It is the same with our lives. Those　　　choose to live in peace must help their neighbors to live in peace.  【答案】who　设空处所在句含有定语从句,先行词为“Those”,指代人,故关系代词用“who”。从后一句“Those who choose”也可知答案。 5.“Anyone　　　has heard about Seattle’s train may think this is kind of fun,”McKaulay said.  【答案】who　句意:“任何听说过西雅图火车的人可能认为这有点好玩。”McKaulay说道。由句子结构可判断出此处引导定语从句,先行词为anyone,故填关系代词who。 6.Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience 　　　people cannot get at home.  【答案】that/which　句意:电影院可能会有一个更光明的未来,如果它们能提供给人们一种在家里无法获得的电影经历。本题考查定语从句。当先行词是表示事物的名词时,关系代词用that 或 which。 7.Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. Everything　　　comes into sight is so new to me.  【答案】that　句意:在过去的10年里我们的城市发生了巨大的变化。对我来说,出现在我眼前的一切都是那么新。本题考查定语从句。由先行词Everything可知关系代词只能使用that。 8.—Why don’t you like fishing? —Fishing is a hobby　　　 needs much patience,but I’m not patient at all.  【答案】that/which　句意:——你为什么不喜欢钓鱼?——钓鱼是一项需要许多耐心的爱好,但是我一点耐心都没有。本题考查定语从句。先行词hobby(爱好)指事物,关系代词应用that或which。 B、单项选择 1.Not all children　　　watch this video will become a scientist, but some may become interested in science.  A.whom B.which C.who D.whose 【答案】C　句意:并不是所有看过这段视频的孩子都会成为科学家,但有些人可能会对科学产生兴趣。本题考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为children, 指人,且关系词在从句中充当主语,故选C。 2.Anyone who is a server or　　　has been one knows that customers always come first.  A.whom B.what C.who D.which 【答案】C　句意:任何一名服务员或做过服务员的都知道顾客总是第一位的。本题考查定语从句。or是并列连词,连接两个定语从句, who is a server是定语从句,先行词是 Anyone,所以or后面的定语从句的先行词也是 Anyone,在从句中作主语,所以答案选C。 3.—Class, you should be thankful to those people 　　　 helped and supported you.  —We will, Miss Chen. A.which B.whom C.who D.whose 【答案】C　 句意:——同学们,你们应该感谢那些帮助过和支持过你们的人。——我们会的,陈老师。本题考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词为people,指人,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故选择C。 4.She often parks her car near the house　　　she can easily get to.  A.where B.who C.which D.what 【答案】C　句意:她经常把车停到她能容易到达的房子附近。本题考查定语从句,which指代物,在从句中作宾语。故选C项。 5.Everyone　　　 has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city.  A.why B.whose C.who D.which 【答案】C　句意:每个去过上海的人都说它是一个现代化的城市。考查定语从句。先行词everyone表示人,从句中缺少主语,应用who引导定语从句,故选C。 6.—Did you notice 　　　 in her office?  —Yes. She was going over our writing. A.what was Miss Lin doing B.what Miss Lin was doing C.what does Miss Lin do D.what Miss Lin does 【答案】B　句意:——你有没有注意到林老师在她的办公室里做什么?——注意到了。她在批阅我们的作文。此题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序,排除A和C;根据答语可知应用过去进行时,因此选B。 7.—Dear friends, do you still remember 　　　 three years ago?  —To realize our dreams! A.why you came here B.why did you come here C.how you came here D.how did you come here 【答案】A　句意:——亲爱的朋友们,你们还记得三年前为什么来这里吗?——为了实现我们的梦想!本题考查宾语从句。答语是表示目的的动词不定式短语,故此处应该用why,且宾语从句中应该用陈述句语序,故选A。 8.—Alice, could you tell me 　　　 London?  —Sure. Last Sunday. A.when Mr. Smith left B.when Mr. Smith will leave C.when did Mr. Smith leave D.when will Mr. Smith leave 【答案】A　句意:——Alice,你可以告诉我史密斯先生什么时候离开伦敦的吗?——当然可以,上周日。此题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序,由答句中的Last Sunday可知此处应该用一般过去时,故选择A。 9.—Hi, Ken. Did Mrs. Zhang tell us　　　?  —Yes. She said we should meet there at nine. A.which was the way to the station B.why we should meet at the station C.when we should get to the station D.who we should meet at the station 【答案】C　句意:——你好,肯。张夫人告诉我们什么时候应该去车站了吗?——是的。她说我们应该9点钟在那里见面。本题考查宾语从句。由答语的at nine可知宾语从句应用when引导,故本题选择C。 10.—Judy, could you tell me 　　　 the schoolbag?  —Oh, yes. I bought it in a store on the Internet. A.where did you buy B.where will you buy C.where you bought D.where you will buy 【答案】C　句意:——朱迪,你能告诉我你在哪里买的书包吗?——哦,好的。我在网上的一家商店里买的。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句采用陈述句语序,结合答语使用了一般过去时可知应选C。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） （2025·福建泉州·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 With a history of over 1,000 years in China, the oil-paper umbrella used to be an important raining tool in China. This umbrella is 1 (call) oil-paper because its paper surface is painted with tung oil (桐油). Although it’s no longer 2 (common) used for rainy days nowadays, it has never disappeared. And it’s still a symbol of romance in many people’s 3 (eye). There’s a story about it in southwest China, an oil-paper umbrella plays an important role. It’s said that when a Yao man’s relative 4 (visit) a young woman’s family to propose marriage (求婚), the relative will bring a red oil-paper umbrella. If the woman agrees, she’ll take the umbrella 5 hang 12 small cloth bags on its ribs (伞架). Then the relative will return the umbrella to the man to tell 6 (he) the good news. The oil-paper umbrella made in Fenshui, a town in Luzhou, Sichuan Province is world-famous. To make the umbrella, craftspeople (工匠) must complete 7 (many) than 70 steps. It takes a craftsperson about half a month to make an oil-paper umbrella. The umbrella’s surface is made 8 special paper. It can be opened and closed at least 3, 000 times. Its surface won’t separate from the ribs even if the umbrella is put in water for 24 hours. Bi Luo, 9 native of Fenshui, has been making oil-paper umbrellas for over 40 years. He has won many prizes in 10 (nation) and international craft competitions. For Bi, making umbrellas is a lifelong pursuit rather than a way to make a living. 【答案】1．called 2．commonly 3．eyes 4．visits 5．and 6．him 7．more 8．of 9．a 10．National 【导语】本文介绍了中国油纸伞的历史、制作工艺及其文化意义等。 1．句意：这把伞被叫做油纸伞，因为它的纸面上涂有桐油。根据“This umbrella is...oil-paper because its paper surface is painted with tung oil.”可知，句中表述这把伞“被叫做”油纸伞，句子时态为一般现在时态，此处使用被动语态，“is+过去分词”构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填called。 2．句意：尽管如今它不再普遍用于雨天，但它从未消失。根据“Although it’s no longer...used for rainy days nowadays, it has never disappeared.”可知，这里需要用副词来修饰动词 used，“common”的副词形式是“commonly”，意为“普遍地、通常地”，符合语境。故填commonly。 3．句意：在很多人的眼中，它仍然是浪漫的象征。根据“And it’s still a symbol of romance in many people’s...”可知，句中“in one’s eyes”是固定短语，意为“在某人看来，在某人眼中”，此处使用“eye”的复数形式“eyes”，in many people’s eyes表示 “在很多人的眼中”。故填eyes。 4．句意：据说，当一个瑶族男子的亲戚去一个年轻女子家求婚时，这位亲戚会带一把红油纸伞。根据“It’s said that when a Yao man’s relative...a young woman’s family to propose marriage, the relative will bring a red oil-paper umbrella.”可知，句中是“when”引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。从句主语“a Yao man’s relative”是第三人称单数，所以“visit”要用其第三人称单数形式“visits”。故填visits。 5．句意：如果女子同意，她会拿走伞并在伞架上挂12个小布袋。根据“If the woman agrees, she’ll take the umbrella...hang 12 small cloth bags on its ribs.”可知，句中“take the umbrella”和“hang 12 small cloth bags on its ribs”是两个连续的动作，因此使用“and”连接表示顺承关系。故填and。 6．句意：然后亲戚会把伞还给男子，告诉他这个好消息。根据“Then the relative will return the umbrella to the man to tell...the good news.”可知，句中“tell”是动词，后面接人称代词的宾格形式，“he”的宾格是“him”。“tell him”表示“告诉他”。故填him。 7．句意：为了制作这把伞，工匠们必须完成70多个步骤。根据“To make the umbrella, craftspeople must complete...than 70 steps.”可知，句中表述工匠要完成70“多”个步骤，由“than”可知，应该使用比较级形式，“many”的比较级是“more”，“more than”意为“超过、多于”。故填more。 8．句意：伞面是由特殊的纸制成的。根据“The umbrella’s surface is made...special paper.”可知，句中“be made of”是固定短语，意为“由……制成”，表示从制成品中可以看出原材料。故填of。 9．句意：毕罗，分水的一个本地人，已经制作油纸伞40多年了。根据“Bi Luo...native of Fenshui, has been making oil-paper umbrellas for over 40 years.”可知，句中表述毕罗是“一个”本地人，此处使用不定冠词“a”表示“一个”，a native of Fenshui 表示“一个分水的本地人”。故填a。 10．句意：他在国内和国际工艺比赛中赢得了许多奖项。根据“He has won many prizes in...and international craft competitions.”可知，句中表述在“国内”和国际工艺比赛中，此处是一个形容词与“international”一起修饰名词“craft competitions”，“nation”的形容词形式是“national”，意为“国家的、国内的”，作定语。故填national。 链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） 1．（2024·天津·中考真题）— Could you tell me _________? — He likes the Science Museum best. A．when Kevin visited the museum B．which museum Kevin likes best C．when did Kevin visit the museum D．which museum does Kevin like best 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我凯文最喜欢哪个博物馆吗？——他最喜欢科学博物馆。 考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除CD；根据答语“He likes the Science Museum best.”可知，询问最喜欢哪个，故选B。 2．（2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题）—I wonder ________? —I’m not sure. Let’s ask Miss Li for help. A．which subject should we choose B．what we can do with the rest materials C．that Bob went to the library just now 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我想知道我们能用剩下的材料做什么？——我不确定。让我们向李小姐求助。 考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，wonder后接宾语从句，此处不能用that引导，排除C选项。从句应为陈述句语序，排除A选项。故选B。 3．（2024·河北·中考真题）To know ________ the mountain top looks like, you need to reach it. A．what B．when C．where D．which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：要想知道山顶是什么样子，你需要到达它。 考查宾语从句。what什么；when什么时候；where哪里；which哪一个。分析句子可知，此处指想知道山顶是什么样子，应用what引导宾语从句。故选A。 4．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）—Do you know ________ Dunhuang? —Because the scenery there is so fascinating and the culture is so rich. A．what they think of B．how to get to C．why many people travel to D．where we can learn about 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你知道为什么很多人去敦煌旅游吗？——因为那里的景色如此迷人，文化如此丰富。 考查宾语从句。根据“Because…”可知，此处询问原因，用why引导宾语从句。故选C。 5．（2024·广西·中考真题）—Could you please tell me ________? —In my hometown. A．how you usually go to school B．where you usually spend your holiday C．when you usually have breakfast at school 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我你通常在哪里度假吗？——在我的家乡。 考查宾语从句。根据答语“In my hometown.”可知，对地点提问，故选B。 6．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）—Jingxuan, Boonie Bears: Time Twist (《熊出没·逆转时空》) has come out. Would you mind telling me ________? —Certainly not. Vick (光头强) is. A．how the movie is B．what the movie is about C．who your favorite character is 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——景轩，《熊出没·逆转时空》上映了。你介意告诉我谁是你最喜欢的角色吗？——当然不介意。光头强。 考查宾语从句。how the movie is电影怎么样；what the movie is about这部电影是关于什么的；who your favorite character is谁是你最喜欢的角色。根据答语“Vick (光头强) is.”可知，对人物提问，故选C。 7．（2024·山东东营·中考真题）—Do you know _____? —20-30 minutes, the experts suggest. A．what we should eat for a meal B．where we should eat a meal C．why we should not eat a meal too quickly D．how long we should spend eating a meal 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你知道我们应该花多长时间吃一顿饭吗？——20至30分钟，专家建议。 考查宾语从句。what we should eat for a meal我们一顿饭应该吃什么；where we should eat a meal我们应该在哪里吃饭；why we should not eat a meal too quickly为什么我们不应该吃得太快；how long we should spend eating a meal我们应该花多长时间吃一顿饭。答语“20-30 minutes”表时间段，故用how long引导宾语从句。故选D。 8．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）—I feel so nervous. What should I do? —You’d better listen to music that ________. A．helps you relax B．you can dance C．makes you sad 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我感到很紧张，我该怎么办？——你最好听听能帮助你放松的音乐。 考查定语从句和情景交际。helps you relax帮你放松；you can dance你能跳舞；makes you sad让你伤心。分析句子可知，that后是定语从句，修饰名词music，B项语法上错误，应是you can dance to；结合“I feel so nervous, what should I do?”可知，空处给出的建议应是帮助对方消除紧张，所以A项符合语境，故选A。 9．（2024·四川乐山·中考真题）—I’ll never forget the experiences ______ we had in the volunteer work last summer. —Me too. The 3 days were meaningful and full of fun. A．when B．who C．that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我永远不会忘记去年夏天我们在志愿者工作中的经历。——我也是。这三天是有意义的，充满了乐趣。 考查定语从句。when先行词为时间，在从句中作状语；who先行词为人，在从句中作主语/宾语；that先行词为人/物。根据“experiences”可知，先行词为物，且关系词在从句中作宾语，用that引导。故选C。 10．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）A true friend is a person ________ can help you when you are in trouble. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：真正的朋友是在你困难的时候能帮助你的人。 考查定语从句引导词。who指人，在句中作主语/宾语；whom指人，在句中作宾语；whose在句中作定语；which在句中指物。空格所在句为定语从句，修饰名词person，指人，并且在句中作主语，用引导词who。故选A。 11．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）The “Kemusan” dance is an eye-catching dance performance ________ is quite popular these days. A．who B．which C．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“科目三”是最近很受欢迎的引人注目的舞蹈表演。 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词dance performance指物，在从句中作主语，关系词用which，故选B。 12．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）As a science lover, I hope I can invent a bike ________ can fly in the sky. A．where B．when C．which D．who 【答案】C 【详解】句意：作为一个科学爱好者，我希望我能发明一辆能在空中飞行的自行车。 考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是a bike，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导定语从句。故选 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $