Unit 4 A good read 疑问词+to do和must与have to（单元核心语法精练）英语新教材译林版八年级下册

Unit 4 A good read 核心语法精练（疑问词+to do和must与have to的用法） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单项选择 3 二、完成句子 10 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 12 题型一 语法填空 12 题型二 阅读理解 15 疑问词+不定式（to do） 01.“疑问词+带to的动词不定式”的构成： ▲1.“疑问词+带to的动词不定式”结构由疑问代词who,whom,what,which或疑问副词when,how,where等后接带to的动词不定式构成。 ▲2.在所有的疑问词中，只有why不可以与带to的动词不定式连用。 02.“疑问词+带to的动词不定式”的功能： 在本单元，我们主要学的是“疑问词+带to的动词不定式”在句中作宾语(重点)，除此之外，该结构还可作主语、表语等成分。 1.作宾语(重点) ★We can't decide where to go. 我们不能决定去哪儿。 ★We don't know when to have the meeting. 我们不知道什么时候开会。 ★Mary wondered how to deal with that matter. 玛丽想知道怎样处理那件事情。 2.作主语 ★When to start is still a question. 何时开始仍是个问题。 ★What to do next hasn't been decided yet. 下一步做什么还没决定。 3.作表语 ★My question is where to find the answer. 我的问题是在哪里找到答案。 ★The question is how to use it. 问题是如何使用它。 ★The difficulty was which way to choose. 难点是选择哪种方式。 03.常用的能够接“疑问词+带to的动词不定式”作宾语的动词或形容词有： 1.advise，ask，consider，decide，discus，explain，forget，know，learn，think，understand，see，hear，remember，show，teach，tell，wonder，discover，guess，find out等动词或动词短语后。 2.也可用于sure，clear等形容词后。 3.有些动词：ask，show，tell，advise，inform，teach，wish等可以先接间接宾语，然后再接“疑问词+动词不定式"结构作直接宾语。 ★Please show us how to do that. 请给我们演示如何去做。 ★He taught us how to use a computer. 他教我们如何使用电脑。 04.“疑问词+带to的动词不定式”与宾语从句之间的转换： 当“疑问词+带to的动词不定式”结构在句中作宾语时，可把这种结构改为由该疑问词引导的宾语从句，从而把简单句改为复合句，而其意义不变， ☆He showed me how to start the machine. = He showed me how I should start the machine. 他给我示范了如何发动这台机器。 情态动词must和have to的用法 1. must的用法 （1）must表示主观义务，意思是＂应该，必须＂，其否定式mustn’t意为＂不应该，不准＂。 We must get there before five o’clock. 我们必须在五点钟前赶到那儿。 You mustn’t break the rules. 你不要破坏规定。 对用must所提问题的否定回答，常用needn’t或don’t have to，意思为：不必。 Must I stay here after school? 放学后我还得留在这儿吗？ No, you needn’t / don’t have to. 不了，没有必要。学.科网 （2）must表示推测，意思为：一定，必定(只用于肯定句中)。 He must be our headmaster. 他肯定是我们的校长。 He must have seen the film last night. 他昨天晚上肯定看了那场电影。 2. have to表示客观要求，意思为：不得不；必须；除此之外，别无选择。使用have to应注意以下几点： （1）have to后接动词原形，意为＂必须做……；不得不做……＂。 We have no food home, you have to go and get some, Tom. 家里没有食物了，汤姆你得去买一些来。 （2）have to 有人称、数和时态的变化，其第三人称单数形式为has to。 She has to help her mom make dinner. 她不得不帮她妈妈做晚饭。 There’s no bus here, so we had to walk home. 现在这里没有汽车了，我们只好走路回家了。 （3）含有have to, has to的句子需分别借助动词do, does构成疑问句或否定句。 Do they have to go now? 他们得现在回家吗？ You don’t have to go if you don’t want to. 如果你不想去，你就不必去。 【辨析】have to可以用于多种时态；而must只用于一般现在时或一般将来时。 The composition is due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night. 作文今天早晨到期，因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。 一、单项选择 1．— Did you tell your mother ________ you? — Yes, at the school gate. A．when meeting B．when to meet C．where meeting D．where to meet 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你告诉你妈妈在哪里见你了吗？——是的，在学校门口。 考查非谓语动词和疑问词辨析。when meeting当见面时；when to meet什么时候见面；where meeting在哪里见面；where to meet在哪里见面。根据答语“at the school gate”可知，此处是询问见面的地点，所以用where，且空格处是“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语。故选D。 2．—There’s so much work to do around the house. I don’t know ________ to do with it. —Well. Make a list first. A．how B．what C．where D．why 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——家里有这么多活要做。我不知道该怎么办。——嗯，先列个清单。 考查疑问词辨析。how如何；what什么；where在哪里；why为什么。根据“I don’t know...to do with it.”可知，此处是不知道做什么，所以用what，与“do with”构成短语“what to do with sth.”表示“如何处理某事”。故选B。 3．—Our form teacher has recommended lots of books. Have you decided ________ first? —Yes. Gulliver’s Travels. A．how to read B．which to read C．when to read D．where to read 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我们的班主任推荐了很多书。你决定先读哪本了吗？——是的，《格列佛游记》。 考查疑问词+不定式结构。how to read如何读；which to read读哪本；when to read何时读；where to read在哪里读。根据“recommended lots of books”和答语“Gulliver’s Travels”可知，是问读哪本，用which to read。故选B。 4．—Have you decided ________, Mike? —Sorry, I have trouble making decisions. A．to buy which one B．buying which one C．which one should you buy D．which one to buy 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——Mike，你决定买哪一个了吗？——抱歉，我很难做决定。 考查疑问词+不定式。根据“Have you decided”及选项可知，空处用“疑问词+不定式”的结构或者宾语从句作宾语，故排除A、B选项；C选项宾语从句应用陈述句语序，故也排除；D选项为“疑问词+不定式”的结构，符合语法结构。故选D。 5．The talk offers tips on ______ to save water in our daily life. A．when B．what C．how D．who 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这场讲座提供了关于在日常生活中如何节约用水的小贴士。 考查疑问词辨析。when何时，表时间；what什么，表事物；how如何，表方式；who谁，表人物。根据“to save water”可知，此处是说如何节约用水，用how。故选C。 6．—Are you sure you have to do this now? It’s almost midnight now. —I don’t know ________ to do it if not now. A．where B．how C．what D．when 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你确定现在必须做这件事吗？现在都快半夜了。——如果现在不做，我不知道什么时候能做。 考查疑问词辨析。where哪里；how如何；what什么；when什么时候。根据“if not now”可知，是指现在不做不知何时能做，用疑问词when+不定式作宾语。故选D。 7．I don’t know ________ my worries because I’m too shy to communicate with others. A．how to deal with B．how can I deal with C．what to deal with D．how to do with 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我不知道如何处理我的烦恼，因为我太害羞了以至于不能和别人交流 。 考查疑问词+不定式结构和宾语从句语序。“如何处理”常用“how to deal with”或“what to do with”。“deal with”与“how”搭配，“do with”与“what”搭配。“疑问词+动词不定式”结构在句中可作宾语，所以这里要用“how to deal with”。B选项是疑问语序，故选A。 8．—I want to read Sleeping Beauty first, but I don’t know ________ the book. —Try our school library or City Library. A．how to find B．what to buy C．when to buy D．where to find 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我想先读《睡美人》，但我不知道在哪找到这本书。——试试我们学校的图书馆或城市图书馆。 考查疑问词+动词不定式结构。根据回答“Try our school library or City Library.” 可知，此处应该询问地点。故选D。 9．There are so many kinds of trainers in this shop. I can’t decide ________. A．to buy which pair B．which pair to buy C．which to buy pair D．which pair buying 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这家店有很多种运动鞋。我无法决定买哪双。 考查不定式。分析句子结构并结合选项可知，此处为“疑问词+不定式”结构，作宾语，可排除A项和D项，C项逻辑混乱，名词“pair”应紧接疑问词。故选B。 10．Lucy had few close friends. So she didn’t know ________ about the trouble. A．who to talk B．who to say C．who to talk to D．what to talk 【答案】C 【详解】句意：露西几乎没有亲密的朋友，所以她不知道该和谁谈谈这个问题。 考查固定结构“疑问词+动词不定式”。what to talk结构错误，what是talk的宾语，需用介词about连接；who to say搭配不当，say需接说的内容，和what搭配；who to talk to与谁交谈；who to talk结构错误，who是talk的宾语，需用介词to连接。根据句意结构和语境可知，露西缺少与之谈论的人，所以疑问词为who，后面动词部分为talk to。故选C。 11．Mary didn’t know who ________ her problem at that time. A．to talk about B．to talk to about C．will talk to D．will talk 【答案】B 【详解】句意：玛丽当时不知道该向谁倾诉她的问题。 考查“疑问词+不定式”结构和动词短语。talk to与某人交谈；talk about谈论某事。动词“know”后为宾语，此处是“疑问词who+不定式”结构作宾语，排除选项C和D；根据“Mary didn’t know who...her problem at that time.”可知，此处指玛丽不知道与谁谈论关于她的问题，即talk to who about her problem。故选B。 12．According to the traffic law, children under 16 ________ ride e-bikes on the road. A．mustn’t B．can’t C．needn’t D．couldn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：根据交通法规，16岁以下的儿童禁止在道路上骑电动自行车。 考查情态动词。mustn’t禁止；不许；can’t不能；不会；needn’t不必；couldn’t不能。这里是交通法规的强制禁止，用mustn’t表示。故选A。 13．— ________ I swim in that river, Mum? — No, you ________. The lake is so wide and deep. It is very dangerous to swim there. A．Must, can’t B．Can; may not C．May; mustn’t D．Shall; don’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我可以在那条河里游泳吗？——不，你不可以。那个湖又宽又深，在那里游泳非常危险。 考查情态动词辨析。must必须；can能；may可能，可以；shall将要；can’t不能；may not可能不，可以不；mustn’t禁止，不可以；don’t不要。根据“Can/May I swim…?”常用来询问能否做某事，其中“May I…?”更礼貌。结合答句“It is very dangerous to swim there.”可知应选表示禁止的“mustn’t”。故选C。 14．—Must I return the book this week? —No, you ________. You can ________ it for two weeks. A．needn’t; keep B．needn’t; borrow C．mustn’t; keep D．mustn’t; borrow 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我必须这周还书吗？——不，你不必。你可以保留它两周。 考查动词辨析。mustn’t不行，表禁止；needn’t不需要，不必；keep保留，延续性动词；borrow借入，非延续性动词。根据“Must I”可知，must开头的一般疑问句，其否定回答用needn’t，表示“不需要，不必”；根据“for two weeks”可知，此处表示动作持续一段时间，应用延续性动词keep表示“保留”。故选A。 15．— Who is knocking at the door? — It ________ be Tom. He said he would come at 3 p.m. A．must B．may C．can’t D．need 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——谁在敲门？——肯定是Tom。他说他下午3点来。 考查情态动词。must肯定；may可能；can’t不能；need需要。根据“It...be Tom. He said he would come at 3 p. m.”可知，这里表示肯定推测，用must。故选A。 16．With the help of an iRobot floor cleaner, my mum ________ sweep the floor herself. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．doesn’t have to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在iRobot地板清洁机的帮助下，我妈妈不必自己扫地。 考查情态动词。can’t不能；mustn’t禁止；shouldn’t不应该；doesn’t have to不必。根据“With the help of an iRobot floor cleaner”可知，有了iRobot地板清洁机的帮助，妈妈“不必”自己扫地。故选D。 17．Because of the rainstorm, we ________ leave early. A．have to B．may C．can D．might 【答案】A 【详解】句意：因为暴雨，我们不得不早点离开。 考查情态动词。have to不得不；may可能；can能够；might可能。根据“Because of the rainstorm”可知，暴雨是客观原因，导致“不得不”提前离开，强调必要性而非可能性。故选A。 18．—When will you leave for the airport? I can drive you there. —Thank you, but you _____. I will take the underground to avoid heavy traffic. A．don’t have to B．mustn’t C．can’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你什么时候去机场？我可以开车送你去。——谢谢你，但你不用送我。我会坐地铁以避开拥堵。 考查情态动词词义辨析。don’t have to不必；mustn’t禁止；can’t不能；shouldn’t不应该。根据“I will take the underground to avoid heavy traffic.”可知，此处表示“你不用送我”，符合don’t have to的含义。故选A。 19．—Must we arrive at the airport two hours earlier? —No, ________. A．you mustn’t B．you don’t have to C．you must D．you have to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我们必须提前两小时到达机场吗？——不，你不必。 考查情态动词用法。Must引导的一般疑问句，否定回答用“No, you don’t have to”或“No, you needn’t”，表示“不必”。故选B。 20．You ________ bring your student card every time you to the library, but remember to bring your library card. A．must B．mustn’t C．have to D．don’t have to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你不必每次去图书馆都带学生证，但记得带上借书证。 考查情态动词辨析。must必须；mustn’t禁止；have to不得不；don’t have to不必。根据“You…bring your student card every time you to the library, but remember to bring your library card.”可知，此处指不必每次去图书馆都带学生证。故选D。 二、完成句子 21．这次报告的目的是教会你如何处理旧物。 The purpose of the report your old things. 【答案】is to teach you what to do with/is to teach you how to deal with 【详解】该句主语是“The purpose of the report”，且是一般现在时，用is表示“是”；teach“教”，you“你”，用不定式作表语；what to do with/how to deal with“如何处理”。故填is to teach you what to do with/is to teach you how to deal with。 22．我想知道如何与在德国的朋友保持联系。 I want to know . 【答案】how to keep in touch with friends in Germany 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少“如何与在德国的朋友保持联系”，how to do sth.“如何做某事”；keep in touch with“与……保持联系”，固定搭配；friends“朋友”；in Germany“在德国”，作后置定语。故填how to keep in touch with friends in Germany。 23．Smith 先生有没有告诉我们什么时候上交作业? Has Mr. Smith told us the homework? 【答案】when to hand in 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处意为“什么时候上交”，when to do sth.“什么时候做某事”；hand in“上交”，动词短语。故填when to hand in。 24．我已经决定如何处理这些书了。 I what to these books. 【答案】 have decided do with 【详解】根据语境可知，句子用现在完成时，主语是I，助动词用have，动词decide“决定”，用过去分词decided，第一个空填have decided；第二个空do with，表示“处理”；空前有不定式符号to，用原形。故填have decided；do with。 25．他不知道和谁谈论有关旅行的计划。 He doesn’t know the travel plan. 【答案】who to talk to about/who to talk with about 【详解】对比中英文句子可知，空格处缺少“和谁谈论有关”的英文表达，应用“who+不定式”作宾语，“和某人谈论”可用动词短语talk to sb或talk with sb表示，介词about“关于”。故填who to talk to about/who to talk with about。 26．在家里，老师们不得不习惯和学生们在线交流。 Teachers have online at home. 【答案】to get used to chatting with students 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，句中缺少“不得不习惯……”，其英文表达为have to get used to doing sth.“不得不习惯于做某事”，此句还缺少了“和学生们在线交流”，其英文表达为“chat with students”，此时动词chat应用动名词形式chatting。故填to get used to chatting with students。 27．如果你想把这些书借更长时间，你得续借。 If you want to the books , you renew them. 【答案】 keep longer have to 【详解】“借……更长时间”keep...longer，want to do sth“想要做某事”；“得”have to，时态是一般现在时，主语是you，谓语动词用原形。故填keep；longer；have；to。 28．如果你不同意，他们得改步行回家。 They will walk home instead if you don’t agree. 【答案】 have to 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处应填“得”，即“必须/不得不”，应用have to，will后跟动词原形。故填have；to。 29．Don’t ride on the sidewalk. (改为同义句) You ride on the sidewalk. 【答案】shouldn’t/can’t/mustn’t 【详解】句意：不要在人行道上骑车。同义句可表述为“你不应该/不能/不得在人行道上骑车”，shouldn’t“不应该”、can’t“不能”、mustn’t“不得”均符合语境。故填shouldn’t/can’t/mustn’t。 30．We must follow the rules in school. (改为否定句) We the rules in school. 【答案】 mustn’t follow 【详解】句意：我们在学校必须遵守规则。原句含有情态动词“must”，改为否定句时，直接在“must”后加“not”，缩写为mustn’t“禁止，不允许”，后接动词原形follow“遵循”。故填mustn’t；follow。 题型一 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词 (1个) 或括号内单词的正确形式。 One day a farmer’s donkey (驴) fell into a well (井). Since 1 well was deep, the donkey couldn’t get out and cried for hours. The farmer tried everything possible to get the donkey 2 but didn’t make it. 3 (final), the farmer had to give up any more tries and made a 4 (decide) to cover up the donkey with dirt. The farmer invited all his neighbors 5 (come) over and help him. All the people started to shovel (铲) dirt into the well. At first, the donkey realized what was happening and he started 6 (cry) even 7 (loud). After some time, to everyone’s surprise, the donkey quieted down. The farmer looked down the well and was 8 (surprise) at what he saw. With every shovel of dirt that fell on his back, the donkey shook it off and took a step up. After a couple of minutes, the donkey was closer 9 getting out of the well and this story came to a happy ending—the donkey jumped out! So, friends. Whatever problems we may meet in life are like dirt to the donkey. 10 life throws “dirt” at you, never fail to shake it off and take a step up! 【答案】 1．the 2．out 3．Finally 4．decision 5．to come 6．crying 7．louder 8．surprised 9．to 10．When/If 【导语】本文讲述了一个农民的驴掉进井里，农民试图救出驴未果后决定用土把井填平，驴却通过抖落身上的土并踩着土一步步走出井口的故事。文章借此告诉我们，生活中遇到的问题就像驴身上的土，要抖落它并向前迈进。 1．句意：由于井很深，驴出不来，哭了好几个小时。根据“well was deep”可知，此处特指前文提到的井，因此用定冠词“the”修饰。故填the。 2．句意：农夫想尽一切办法想把驴弄出来，但没有成功。根据“the donkey couldn’t get out”可知，此处表示农夫想让驴从井里出来，因此用“out”表示“从……出来”。故填out。 3．句意：最后，农夫不得不放弃更多的尝试，决定用土把驴埋起来。根据“the farmer had to give up any more tries”可知，此处表示经过一系列尝试后最终的结果，因此用副词“finally”表示“最后”，句首首字母大写。故填Finally。 4．句意：最后，农夫不得不放弃更多的尝试，决定用土把驴埋起来。根据“made a”可知，此处表示做决定，因此用名词“decision”表示“决定”，make a decision为固定搭配，表示“做决定”。故填decision。 5．句意：农夫邀请了他所有的邻居过来帮他。根据“invited all his neighbors”可知，此处表示邀请邻居来做某事，因此用动词不定式“to come”表示“来”。故填to come。 6．句意：一开始，驴意识到发生了什么，他开始哭得更大声了。根据“started”可知，此处表示开始做某事，因此用动名词“crying”表示“哭”，start doing sth.为固定搭配，表示“开始做某事”。故填crying。 7．句意：一开始，驴意识到发生了什么，他开始哭得更大声了。根据“even”可知，此处表示与之前相比哭得更大声，因此用比较级“louder”表示“更大声”。故填louder。 8．句意：农夫往井里一看，对他所看到的感到惊讶。根据“was”可知，此处表示农夫感到惊讶，因此用形容词“surprised”表示“惊讶的”，be surprised at为固定搭配，表示“对……感到惊讶”。故填surprised。 9．句意：几分钟后，驴离井口更近了，这个故事有了一个幸福的结局——驴跳了出来！根据“closer”可知，此处表示离井口更近，因此用介词“to”表示“离……近”，be closer to为固定搭配，表示“离……更近”。故填to。 10．句意：当/如果生活向你扔“土”，不要忘记抖落它并向前迈进！根据“life throws ‘dirt’ at you”可知，此处表示当生活向你扔“土”时或如果生活向你扔“土”，因此用连词“when”表示“当……时”或“if”表示“如果”，句首首字母大写。故填When/If。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Once upon a time, there was a shepherd (牧羊人). He kept several sheep. Every day, he would take his sheep out to eat grass in the fields and return home with them in the evening. One day, the shepherd found that one of his sheep was missing. He looked for it everywhere. 1 he couldn’t find it. The shepherd was unhappy and didn’t know what 2 (do). It turned out that during the night, a wolf caught his sheep and it got through a hole 3 the sheep pen (羊圈). So his neighbor reminded 4 (he), “If you don’t fix up the pen and cover the hole right away, the wolf 5 (return) again.” But the shepherd said 6 (slow), “The sheep is already lost. What’s the use of repairing it now?” However, the next morning, he discovered that another sheep was missing. His neighbor said, “You 7 (lose) two sheep so far because of your carelessness.” In order not to make things 8 (bad), this time, the shepherd followed the neighbor’s advice. He picked up his tools and started to fix up the pen. He also checked the pen carefully to make sure it 9 (be) strong. From then on, the shepherd never lost another sheep. He learned that it is important to take preventive measures (防患于未然) and solve problems as soon as possible instead of 10 (wait) for things to get more serious. 【答案】 1．But 2．to do 3．in 4．him 5．will return 6．slowly 7．have lost 8．worse 9．was 10．waiting 【导语】本文是一则寓言故事，讲述“亡羊补牢，为时不晚”的故事，告诉我们必须及时处理事情，否则我们会失去很多。 1．句意：但是他找不到。根据前文“He looked for it everywhere.”和“…he couldn’t find it.”可知，此处前后构成转折关系，所以此处应该填入but，并列连词，表转折关系，意为“但是”符合语境，位于句首，首字母要大写。故填But。 2．句意：牧羊人不高兴，不知道该怎么办。根据分析句子“The shepherd was unhappy and didn’t know what…”，结合所给词可知，此处应该填入不定式to do，与疑问词what一同，作宾语。故填to do。 3．句意：原来，在晚上，一只狼抓住了他的羊，它穿过了羊圈的一个洞。根据“it got through a hole…the sheep pen (羊圈)”可知，此处应该填入介词in，指的是在羊圈里的一个洞。故填in。 4．句意：所以他的邻居提醒他，“如果你不马上把围栏修好，把洞盖上，狼会再回来的。”根据“So his neighbor reminded…”，结合所给词可知，此处应该填入he的宾格人称代词him，作宾语，指的是他的邻居提醒他。故填him。 5．句意：所以他的邻居提醒他，“如果你不马上把围栏修好，把洞盖上，狼会再回来的。”根据分析句子“If you don’t fix up the pen and cover the hole right away, the wolf…again.”可知，该句含有if引导的条件状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”的原则，结合所给词可知，此处应该填入will return，作主句谓语。故填will return。 6．句意：但是牧羊人慢慢地说:“羊已经迷路了。现在修有什么用？”根据“But the shepherd said…”，结合所给词可知，此处应该填入slow的副词形式slowly，修饰动词said，意为“慢慢地”，指的是牧羊人慢慢地说。故填slowly。 7．句意：他的邻居说:“由于你的粗心大意，到目前为止你已经丢了两只羊了。”根据句中“so far”可知，该句时态为现在完成时，且该句主语是You，结合所给词可知，此处应该填入have lost，作谓语。故填have lost。 8．句意：为了不让事情变得更糟，这一次，牧羊人听从了邻居的建议。根据“In order not to make things…, this time, the shepherd followed the neighbor’s advice.”，结合所给词可知，此处应该填入bad的比较级worse，表达为了不让事情变得更糟，这一次，牧羊人听从了邻居的建议。故填worse。 9．句意：他还仔细检查了羊圈，以确保它是牢固的。根据句中“checked”可知，该句时态为一般过去时，且该句主语是it，结合所给词可知，此处应该填入was，系动词。故填was。 10．句意：他认识到，重要的是采取预防措施，尽快解决问题，而不是等待事情变得更严重。根据空格前“of”是介词，结合所给词可知，此处应该填入动词wait的动名词形式waiting，作宾语。故填waiting。 题型二 阅读理解 “Come and play with me,” the little prince suggested. “I am so unhappy.” “I cannot play with you,” the fox said, “I am not tamed.” “Ah! Please excuse me,” said the little prince. But after some thought, he added: “What does ‘tame’ mean?” “It means to set up ties,” said the fox. “To me, you are still nothing more than a little boy...But if you tame me, we shall need each other. To me, you will be unique (独一无二的) in all the world.” “Please tame me!” said the fox. “You must be patient. Sit down a little distance from me, like this, in the grass. I will watch you out of the corner of my eye, and you will say nothing. Words are the cause of misunderstandings. But each day, you may sit a little closer…” The next day the prince returned. “It would have been better to come at the same hour,” said the fox. “If you come at four o’clock, I shall begin to be happy by three. The more time passes, the happier I’ll feel. But if you come at any random (随意的) time, I’ll never know when to prepare my heart.” So the little prince tamed the fox. And when it’s time to leave... “Ah,” said the fox, “I shall cry.” “It is your own fault,” said the prince, “I never wished you harm, but you wanted me to tame you.” “Yes,” said the fox, “But now, look at the golden wheat fields. They will remind (想起) me of your hair. And I shall love the sound of the wind in the wheat...” Then he added, “Go and look again at the roses. You’ll understand yours is unique. Remember: Real importance is unseen.” —Adapted from Little Prince 1．What does the word “tame” mean in the passage? A．To play games together. B．To give gifts to each other. C．To travel to different places. D．To set up ties. 2．What should the little prince do FIRST to tame the fox? A．Sing a song for the fox. B．Promise to visit forever. C．Sit at a distance and be silent. D．Bring him delicious food every day. 3．Why does the fox ask the prince to come “at the same hour” every day? A．To test the prince’s memory. B．To make it special and exciting. C．To avoid meeting other animals. D．To save time for preparing food. 4．What is the main lesson the fox teaches the prince? A．Traveling makes people wiser. B．Animals are wiser than humans. C．True connections (联系) need time and care. D．Happiness comes from owning expensive things. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文节选自《小王子》，讲述了小王子与狐狸相遇并建立情感纽带的故事。狐狸通过“驯服”的概念向小王子阐释了建立独特关系需要时间与耐心的道理。 1．词义猜测题。根据“‘It means to set up ties,’ said the fox.”可知，tame在文中意为“建立联系”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Sit down a little distance from me, like this, in the grass. I will watch you out of the corner of my eye, and you will say nothing.”可知，驯服狐狸的第一步是保持距离并保持沉默。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“If you come at four o’clock, I shall begin to be happy by three. The more time passes, the happier I’ll feel…”可知，固定时间到访能让狐狸提前期待，使相聚更特别。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通过狐狸强调“驯服需要耐心”“每天靠近一点”以及离别时的对话可知，故事核心是“真正的情感联系需要时间与用心经营”。故选C。 A large rosebush stood near the entrance of the garden. The roses were white. Three gardeners were busy painting them red. Alice thought this was a curious thing and moved in closer to watch them. Alice moved a bit closer. “Would you please tell me why you are painting those roses red?” Five and Seven said nothing but looked at Two. Two spoke at once, “The fact is that this should have been a red rose tree. We put in a white one by mistake. If the Queen finds out, she’ll have our heads cut off. We’re doing our best to fix it.” Five started to shout, “The Queen! The Queen is coming!” Alice looked around, eager to see the Queen. First came ten soldiers carrying clubs. These were all shaped like the gardeners. Next, ten diamond couriers marched in two by two. The royal children, ten of them covered in hearts, followed holding hands and jumping along. Next came the guests. Many of them were kings and queens. The White Rabbit followed behind. He looked nervous as he smiled at everyone. The next to appear was the Knave of Hearts carrying the King’s crown on a velvet cushion. The last to join the grand procession (列队) were the King and Queen of Hearts. The Queen looked at Alice. “What’s your name?” “My name is Alice,” Alice replied. Then she said to herself, “They’re only a pack of cards, after all. I needn’t be afraid of them.” The Queen walked toward the trees. She became quite angry when she saw white, not red, roses. “Off with the gardeners’ heads at once” She continued the procession leaving three soldiers behind to take care of the gardeners. Alice protected the gardeners. “I won’t let them hurt you.” First she distracted the soldiers, and then she hid the gardeners in a flowerpot. 1．Why were the gardeners busy painting the roses red? A．Because they want to make the garden beautiful. B．Because they made a mistake and tried to fix it. C．Because they disliked the colour of the roses. D．Because they were asked to do so by the Queen. 2．What is right order of the succession? A．Soldiers—couriers—royal children—guests—the Knave of Heart—the King and Queen of Hearts. B．Soldiers—couriers—guests-royal children—the Knave of Heart—the King and Queen of Hearts. C．Soldiers—guests—royal children—the Knave of Heart-courtiers—the King and Queen of Hearts. D．Soldiers—couriers—guests—the Knave of Heart—royal children—the King and Queen of Hearts. 3．How did Alice protect the gardeners? A．She distracted the soldiers, and then she hid the gardeners in a teapot. B．She decorated the soldiers, and then she hid the gardeners in a flowerpot. C．She distracted the soldiers, and then she hid the gardeners in a flowerpot. D．She distracted the soldiers, and then she helped the gardeners to run away. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．People here are all in numbers. B．The gardeners will be killed by the soldiers. C．The Queens are very kind. D．Alice is a brave and curious girl. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文选自《爱丽丝漫游仙境》，讲述了Alice在花园里遇到的一些奇怪的事情。 1．细节理解题。根据“The fact is that this should have been a red rose tree. We put in a white one by mistake. If the Queen finds out, she’ll have our heads cut off. We’re doing our best to fix it.”可知，园丁们忙着把玫瑰涂成红色，是因为他们犯了一个错误，并试图纠正它。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“First came ten soldiers carrying clubs. These were all shaped like the gardeners … The last to join the grand procession (列队) were the King and Queen of hearts.”可知，正确的顺序是：士兵——朝臣——皇室儿童——客人——红心骑士——红心国王和王后。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“First she distracted the soldiers, and then she hid the gardeners in a flowerpot.”可知，她分散了士兵们的注意力，然后把园丁们藏在花盆里。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“Alice thought this was a curious thing and moved in closer to watch them.”“Alice protected the gardeners. ‘I won’t let them hurt you.’ First she distracted the soldiers, and then she hid the gardeners in a flowerpot.”可知，爱丽丝是一个勇敢而好奇的女孩。故选D。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 A good read 核心语法精练（疑问词+to do和must与have to的用法） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单项选择 3 二、完成句子 10 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 12 题型一 语法填空 12 题型二 阅读理解 15 疑问词+不定式（to do） 01.“疑问词+带to的动词不定式”的构成： ▲1.“疑问词+带to的动词不定式”结构由疑问代词who,whom,what,which或疑问副词when,how,where等后接带to的动词不定式构成。 ▲2.在所有的疑问词中，只有why不可以与带to的动词不定式连用。 02.“疑问词+带to的动词不定式”的功能： 在本单元，我们主要学的是“疑问词+带to的动词不定式”在句中作宾语(重点)，除此之外，该结构还可作主语、表语等成分。 1.作宾语(重点) ★We can't decide where to go. 我们不能决定去哪儿。 ★We don't know when to have the meeting. 我们不知道什么时候开会。 ★Mary wondered how to deal with that matter. 玛丽想知道怎样处理那件事情。 2.作主语 ★When to start is still a question. 何时开始仍是个问题。 ★What to do next hasn't been decided yet. 下一步做什么还没决定。 3.作表语 ★My question is where to find the answer. 我的问题是在哪里找到答案。 ★The question is how to use it. 问题是如何使用它。 ★The difficulty was which way to choose. 难点是选择哪种方式。 03.常用的能够接“疑问词+带to的动词不定式”作宾语的动词或形容词有： 1.advise，ask，consider，decide，discus，explain，forget，know，learn，think，understand，see，hear，remember，show，teach，tell，wonder，discover，guess，find out等动词或动词短语后。 2.也可用于sure，clear等形容词后。 3.有些动词：ask，show，tell，advise，inform，teach，wish等可以先接间接宾语，然后再接“疑问词+动词不定式"结构作直接宾语。 ★Please show us how to do that. 请给我们演示如何去做。 ★He taught us how to use a computer. 他教我们如何使用电脑。 04.“疑问词+带to的动词不定式”与宾语从句之间的转换： 当“疑问词+带to的动词不定式”结构在句中作宾语时，可把这种结构改为由该疑问词引导的宾语从句，从而把简单句改为复合句，而其意义不变， ☆He showed me how to start the machine. = He showed me how I should start the machine. 他给我示范了如何发动这台机器。 情态动词must和have to的用法 1. must的用法 （1）must表示主观义务，意思是＂应该，必须＂，其否定式mustn’t意为＂不应该，不准＂。 We must get there before five o’clock. 我们必须在五点钟前赶到那儿。 You mustn’t break the rules. 你不要破坏规定。 对用must所提问题的否定回答，常用needn’t或don’t have to，意思为：不必。 Must I stay here after school? 放学后我还得留在这儿吗？ No, you needn’t / don’t have to. 不了，没有必要。学.科网 （2）must表示推测，意思为：一定，必定(只用于肯定句中)。 He must be our headmaster. 他肯定是我们的校长。 He must have seen the film last night. 他昨天晚上肯定看了那场电影。 2. have to表示客观要求，意思为：不得不；必须；除此之外，别无选择。使用have to应注意以下几点： （1）have to后接动词原形，意为＂必须做……；不得不做……＂。 We have no food home, you have to go and get some, Tom. 家里没有食物了，汤姆你得去买一些来。 （2）have to 有人称、数和时态的变化，其第三人称单数形式为has to。 She has to help her mom make dinner. 她不得不帮她妈妈做晚饭。 There’s no bus here, so we had to walk home. 现在这里没有汽车了，我们只好走路回家了。 （3）含有have to, has to的句子需分别借助动词do, does构成疑问句或否定句。 Do they have to go now? 他们得现在回家吗？ You don’t have to go if you don’t want to. 如果你不想去，你就不必去。 【辨析】have to可以用于多种时态；而must只用于一般现在时或一般将来时。 The composition is due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night. 作文今天早晨到期，因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。 一、单项选择 1．— Did you tell your mother ________ you? — Yes, at the school gate. A．when meeting B．when to meet C．where meeting D．where to meet 2．—There’s so much work to do around the house. I don’t know ________ to do with it. —Well. Make a list first. A．how B．what C．where D．why 3．—Our form teacher has recommended lots of books. Have you decided ________ first? —Yes. Gulliver’s Travels. A．how to read B．which to read C．when to read D．where to read 4．—Have you decided ________, Mike? —Sorry, I have trouble making decisions. A．to buy which one B．buying which one C．which one should you buy D．which one to buy 5．The talk offers tips on ______ to save water in our daily life. A．when B．what C．how D．who 6．—Are you sure you have to do this now? It’s almost midnight now. —I don’t know ________ to do it if not now. A．where B．how C．what D．when 7．I don’t know ________ my worries because I’m too shy to communicate with others. A．how to deal with B．how can I deal with C．what to deal with D．how to do with 8．—I want to read Sleeping Beauty first, but I don’t know ________ the book. —Try our school library or City Library. A．how to find B．what to buy C．when to buy D．where to find 9．There are so many kinds of trainers in this shop. I can’t decide ________. A．to buy which pair B．which pair to buy C．which to buy pair D．which pair buying 10．Lucy had few close friends. So she didn’t know ________ about the trouble. A．who to talk B．who to say C．who to talk to D．what to talk 11．Mary didn’t know who ________ her problem at that time. A．to talk about B．to talk to about C．will talk to D．will talk 12．According to the traffic law, children under 16 ________ ride e-bikes on the road. A．mustn’t B．can’t C．needn’t D．couldn’t 13．— ________ I swim in that river, Mum? — No, you ________. The lake is so wide and deep. It is very dangerous to swim there. A．Must, can’t B．Can; may not C．May; mustn’t D．Shall; don’t 14．—Must I return the book this week? —No, you ________. You can ________ it for two weeks. A．needn’t; keep B．needn’t; borrow C．mustn’t; keep D．mustn’t; borrow 15．— Who is knocking at the door? — It ________ be Tom. He said he would come at 3 p.m. A．must B．may C．can’t D．need 16．With the help of an iRobot floor cleaner, my mum ________ sweep the floor herself. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．doesn’t have to 17．Because of the rainstorm, we ________ leave early. A．have to B．may C．can D．might 18．—When will you leave for the airport? I can drive you there. —Thank you, but you _____. I will take the underground to avoid heavy traffic. A．don’t have to B．mustn’t C．can’t D．shouldn’t 19．—Must we arrive at the airport two hours earlier? —No, ________. A．you mustn’t B．you don’t have to C．you must D．you have to 20．You ________ bring your student card every time you to the library, but remember to bring your library card. A．must B．mustn’t C．have to D．don’t have to 二、完成句子 21．这次报告的目的是教会你如何处理旧物。 The purpose of the report your old things. 22．我想知道如何与在德国的朋友保持联系。 I want to know . 23．Smith 先生有没有告诉我们什么时候上交作业? Has Mr. Smith told us the homework? 24．我已经决定如何处理这些书了。 I what to these books. 25．他不知道和谁谈论有关旅行的计划。 He doesn’t know the travel plan. 26．在家里，老师们不得不习惯和学生们在线交流。 Teachers have online at home. 27．如果你想把这些书借更长时间，你得续借。 If you want to the books , you renew them. 28．如果你不同意，他们得改步行回家。 They will walk home instead if you don’t agree. 29．Don’t ride on the sidewalk. (改为同义句) You ride on the sidewalk. 30．We must follow the rules in school. (改为否定句) We the rules in school. 题型一 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词 (1个) 或括号内单词的正确形式。 One day a farmer’s donkey (驴) fell into a well (井). Since 1 well was deep, the donkey couldn’t get out and cried for hours. The farmer tried everything possible to get the donkey 2 but didn’t make it. 3 (final), the farmer had to give up any more tries and made a 4 (decide) to cover up the donkey with dirt. The farmer invited all his neighbors 5 (come) over and help him. All the people started to shovel (铲) dirt into the well. At first, the donkey realized what was happening and he started 6 (cry) even 7 (loud). After some time, to everyone’s surprise, the donkey quieted down. The farmer looked down the well and was 8 (surprise) at what he saw. With every shovel of dirt that fell on his back, the donkey shook it off and took a step up. After a couple of minutes, the donkey was closer 9 getting out of the well and this story came to a happy ending—the donkey jumped out! So, friends. Whatever problems we may meet in life are like dirt to the donkey. 10 life throws “dirt” at you, never fail to shake it off and take a step up! 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Once upon a time, there was a shepherd (牧羊人). He kept several sheep. Every day, he would take his sheep out to eat grass in the fields and return home with them in the evening. One day, the shepherd found that one of his sheep was missing. He looked for it everywhere. 1 he couldn’t find it. The shepherd was unhappy and didn’t know what 2 (do). It turned out that during the night, a wolf caught his sheep and it got through a hole 3 the sheep pen (羊圈). So his neighbor reminded 4 (he), “If you don’t fix up the pen and cover the hole right away, the wolf 5 (return) again.” But the shepherd said 6 (slow), “The sheep is already lost. What’s the use of repairing it now?” However, the next morning, he discovered that another sheep was missing. His neighbor said, “You 7 (lose) two sheep so far because of your carelessness.” In order not to make things 8 (bad), this time, the shepherd followed the neighbor’s advice. He picked up his tools and started to fix up the pen. He also checked the pen carefully to make sure it 9 (be) strong. From then on, the shepherd never lost another sheep. He learned that it is important to take preventive measures (防患于未然) and solve problems as soon as possible instead of 10 (wait) for things to get more serious. 题型二 阅读理解 “Come and play with me,” the little prince suggested. “I am so unhappy.” “I cannot play with you,” the fox said, “I am not tamed.” “Ah! Please excuse me,” said the little prince. But after some thought, he added: “What does ‘tame’ mean?” “It means to set up ties,” said the fox. “To me, you are still nothing more than a little boy...But if you tame me, we shall need each other. To me, you will be unique (独一无二的) in all the world.” “Please tame me!” said the fox. “You must be patient. Sit down a little distance from me, like this, in the grass. I will watch you out of the corner of my eye, and you will say nothing. Words are the cause of misunderstandings. But each day, you may sit a little closer…” The next day the prince returned. “It would have been better to come at the same hour,” said the fox. “If you come at four o’clock, I shall begin to be happy by three. The more time passes, the happier I’ll feel. But if you come at any random (随意的) time, I’ll never know when to prepare my heart.” So the little prince tamed the fox. And when it’s time to leave... “Ah,” said the fox, “I shall cry.” “It is your own fault,” said the prince, “I never wished you harm, but you wanted me to tame you.” “Yes,” said the fox, “But now, look at the golden wheat fields. They will remind (想起) me of your hair. And I shall love the sound of the wind in the wheat...” Then he added, “Go and look again at the roses. You’ll understand yours is unique. Remember: Real importance is unseen.” —Adapted from Little Prince 1．What does the word “tame” mean in the passage? A．To play games together. B．To give gifts to each other. C．To travel to different places. D．To set up ties. 2．What should the little prince do FIRST to tame the fox? A．Sing a song for the fox. B．Promise to visit forever. C．Sit at a distance and be silent. D．Bring him delicious food every day. 3．Why does the fox ask the prince to come “at the same hour” every day? A．To test the prince’s memory. B．To make it special and exciting. C．To avoid meeting other animals. D．To save time for preparing food. 4．What is the main lesson the fox teaches the prince? A．Traveling makes people wiser. B．Animals are wiser than humans. C．True connections (联系) need time and care. D．Happiness comes from owning expensive things. A large rosebush stood near the entrance of the garden. The roses were white. Three gardeners were busy painting them red. Alice thought this was a curious thing and moved in closer to watch them. Alice moved a bit closer. “Would you please tell me why you are painting those roses red?” Five and Seven said nothing but looked at Two. Two spoke at once, “The fact is that this should have been a red rose tree. We put in a white one by mistake. If the Queen finds out, she’ll have our heads cut off. We’re doing our best to fix it.” Five started to shout, “The Queen! The Queen is coming!” Alice looked around, eager to see the Queen. First came ten soldiers carrying clubs. These were all shaped like the gardeners. Next, ten diamond couriers marched in two by two. The royal children, ten of them covered in hearts, followed holding hands and jumping along. Next came the guests. Many of them were kings and queens. The White Rabbit followed behind. He looked nervous as he smiled at everyone. The next to appear was the Knave of Hearts carrying the King’s crown on a velvet cushion. The last to join the grand procession (列队) were the King and Queen of Hearts. The Queen looked at Alice. “What’s your name?” “My name is Alice,” Alice replied. Then she said to herself, “They’re only a pack of cards, after all. I needn’t be afraid of them.” The Queen walked toward the trees. She became quite angry when she saw white, not red, roses. “Off with the gardeners’ heads at once” She continued the procession leaving three soldiers behind to take care of the gardeners. Alice protected the gardeners. “I won’t let them hurt you.” First she distracted the soldiers, and then she hid the gardeners in a flowerpot. 1．Why were the gardeners busy painting the roses red? A．Because they want to make the garden beautiful. B．Because they made a mistake and tried to fix it. C．Because they disliked the colour of the roses. D．Because they were asked to do so by the Queen. 2．What is right order of the succession? A．Soldiers—couriers—royal children—guests—the Knave of Heart—the King and Queen of Hearts. B．Soldiers—couriers—guests-royal children—the Knave of Heart—the King and Queen of Hearts. C．Soldiers—guests—royal children—the Knave of Heart-courtiers—the King and Queen of Hearts. D．Soldiers—couriers—guests—the Knave of Heart—royal children—the King and Queen of Hearts. 3．How did Alice protect the gardeners? A．She distracted the soldiers, and then she hid the gardeners in a teapot. B．She decorated the soldiers, and then she hid the gardeners in a flowerpot. C．She distracted the soldiers, and then she hid the gardeners in a flowerpot. D．She distracted the soldiers, and then she helped the gardeners to run away. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．People here are all in numbers. B．The gardeners will be killed by the soldiers. C．The Queens are very kind. D．Alice is a brave and curious girl. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $