精品解析：上海市2025-2026学年高三上学期12月春考适应性调研卷英语试题

英语试测卷 （考试时间105分钟，满分115分） （试卷共10页，答题纸共2页） I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word, for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. One afternoon Martin Blake, a wheel chair user and travel writer, arrived at a small cruise dock expecting the familiar difficulties usually accompanying travel. Over the years, he ____1____ (learn) to allow extra time, anticipate confusion and prepare himself for unwanted attention. This time, however, the experience unfolded differently. A ramp had already been positioned, and boarding ____2____ (proceed) quietly, without explanation or delay, allowing him to enter the ship ____3____. The ship felt unlike the large liners Blake had long avoided. Smaller in scale, it offered wide passageways and open spaces ____4____ made movement easier. What struck him most, though, was not the design but the behaviour of the crew. They remained nearby but never rushed forward, ____5____ (step) in only when help was clearly needed. This restraint, rare in his experience, made the assistance feel respectful ____6____ disturbing. As the journey continued, the pattern held. Meals were served in spaces that ____7____ be reached independently, and daily activities allowed for flexibility. Short excursions were planned with multiple options, enabling passengers to decide how much support to accept. Blake gradually relaxed into routines that usually required constant adjustment, gaining insight ____8____ how thoughtful planning could reduce unnecessary stress. Looking back, he realized expectations had shifted. Accessibility was treated not as ____9____ added feature or favour, but as part of ordinary travel. Physical limits remained, yet explanation became less necessary, it no longer seemingly required ____10____ (repeat). On a ship shaped by careful choices, independence felt natural, dignity preserved through quiet details. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. barely B. charge C. episodes D. foreign E. littering F. natures G. occasionally H. participating I. spring J. striking K. weighing The Penguins Adapting to a Plastic World Along the windswept coast of Argentina, thousands of Magellanic penguins arrive each year to breed. Their colonies, once surrounded only by stones and twigs, now share the area with human trash. Plastic bottles, ropes, and old containers ____11____ the pebbles (鹅卵石) , have quietly become part of the penguins’ daily life and subtly affecting how they hunt for fish, care for their chicks, and ____12____ at threats whenever danger arises. In recent years, scientists have observed that penguins ____13____ use bits of plastic, rope, or wire to build their nests. Some even seem to prefer these bright artificial materials to natural ones. Although this behavior might appear ____14____ at first glance, it demonstrates the birds’ ability to adjust. They are ____15____ just victims of pollution. In fact, they are actively ____16____ in a rapidly changing environment. Human-made objects can also be dangerous, as penguins may get trapped in nets or swallow small pieces, which can injure them or block their stomachs. For decades, human actions have been ____17____ heavily on the Magellanic penguins’ populations and fragile habitats. Even small amounts of trash, gradually accumulating (累积) , threaten their survival prospects and daily routines. Scientists warn that if pollution persists, penguins may slowly adapt to these ____18____ elements as part of their world. They then may, when necessary, ____19____ sensibly from one area to another in search of food, displaying both skill and instinct. This story is not only about penguins. Human waste now reaches even remote habitats. Observing penguins can uncover surprising _____20_____ , from predator attacks to sudden storms, offering brief but powerful lessons on survival and adaptation. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Public discussion of screen time tends to begin with children. Parents complain about phones replacing books, teachers worry about shrinking attention spans, and researchers, among them Jonathan Haidt, warn of long-term psychological effects. These concerns have led to ____21____ calls for limits on young people’s online behaviour. What is rarely questioned, ____22____ , is whether the group attracting the most attention is also the one spending the most time in front of screens. ____23____ this ongoing debate, screen habits have been quietly changing elsewhere. Television has long shaped daily routines in retirement, yet today’s older adults are no longer ____24____ to a single device. Smartphones, tablets and online platforms have ____25____ existing habits, often without much notice. What looks like harmless addition gradually becomes ____26____ , as activities once filling the day are reorganized and give way to digital alternatives that require less effort and planning. This transformation is often ____27____ and with good reason. Digital tools offer older people forms of access that become increasingly valuable with age. Messages travel faster than visits, services arrive without ____28____ effort, and entertainment demands little preparation. These conveniences, taken together, allow older people to adjust their daily routines to changing physical and social conditions. They suggest not dependence but ____29____ . Yet convenience comes with ____30____ . Devices used by older adults are commonly linked to financial accounts, turning ease of ____31____ into potential exposure. At the same time, many retirees rely heavily on online news, where credibility varies widely. As ____32____ sources are replaced by endless streams of content, ____33____ becomes harder to secure, even as information grows more easily accessible. The effects of screen use, then, resist simple judgement. Screens can cause ____34____ while quietly reducing everyday contact. Unlike teenagers, whose online time is shaped by school schedules and parental rules, older adults face few ____35____ limits. The question is no longer whether screen time is good or bad, but how freedom, risk and responsibility shift when digital habits expand beyond the young. 21 A. household B. sudden C. official D. repeated 22. A. therefore B. meanwhile C. however D. similarly 23. A. Because of B. Away from C. In spite of D. In case of 24. A. bound B. exposed C. attracted D. adapted 25. A. entered B. followed C. replaced D. reshaped 26. A. adjustment B. replacement C. routine D. custom 27. A. questioned B. ignored C. welcomed D. resisted 28. A. mental B. financial C. physical D. social 29. A. adaptation B. convenience C. comfort D. habit 30. A. benefits B. explanations C. conditions D. opportunities 31. A. access B. payment C. service D. management 32. A. approachable B. digital C. regular D. popular 33. A. popularity B. reliability C. possibility D. clarity 34. A. isolation B. boredom C. pressure D. anxiety 35. A. moral B. personal C. social D. external Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Peverel Smith, a legendary artist, was seen walking on a Manhattan sidewalk wearing jeans, high-tops, a blazer, and a wool cap. She was there to meet me at a gallery owned by her friends. We entered the quiet space, where a large horse statue was the only thing visible through the glass. Smith, who will turn 79 in December, was preparing for a busy fall. She was releasing her memoir (回忆录) , Bread of Angels, and going on an international tour to celebrate her famous album Horses. Smith’s career spans over 60 years, including poetry, music, photography, and more. One of her famous lyrics from Horses says, “People say, “Beware,” but I don’t care.” She has always questioned authority, starting from her childhood. In her memoir, she recalls a question she asked during school about what will happen to art. Her father loved art. Smith was sent to orphanage (孤儿院) after her parents’ death but was disappointed when she learned there was no place for art. She then dedicated herself to art. Smith’s early life was difficult. She grew up in a poor family, moving often and being sick a lot. Despite this, she loved storytelling and reading. She dreamed of writing the longest book in the world. She also wanted to be a musician, even though she said she didn’t know how to play guitar properly. Her rebellious spirit made her stand out in the male-dominated music scene. She married Fredrick Smith in Detroit and had two children. After Fred’s death in 1994, she returned to New York with her kids and continued her creative work. Smith’s life shows her ability to reinvent herself. She believes that everyone should find a piece of themselves in her stories. Smith plans to focus more on writing and less on memoirs. When asked how she feels, she said she feels like she is “ten and 100.” 36. What can we learn about Horses? A. Smith will go on a celebration tour for Horses this December. B. Horses holds lots of precious memories of Smith in her youth. C. Horses represents Smith’s resistance nature as her early album. D. Lyrics of Horses reflected nature of Smith since her childhood. 37. What is the main purpose of the 3rd paragraph? A. To introduce the life story of Peverel Smith. B. To convey Smith’s resilience under hardship. C. To explain origins of Smith’s literature talent. D. To present sympathy on Smith’s experiences. 38. The underlined part “ten and 100” in the last paragraph means ________. A. Smith is excellent in health though advanced in years B. Smith is passionate but sometimes feels overwhelmed C. Smith is now well-travelled and ready to author more D. Smith is sensible about age when recalling her youth 39. What is the best title of this passage? A. Peverel Smith — My Ageless Friend B. Peverel Smith and Her Horses C. Poetic Singer — Peverel Smith D. Lifetime Reinvention of Peverel Smith (B) Below is a Decision Map designed to help students choose the type of volunteer work that suits them best. Follow the path by choosing “Agree” or “Disagree” at each step and you will be led to a cause that matches your values and strengths. 40. Causes I to III are missing in the map: a. Hands-on Repair Projects b. Long-term Youth Support c. Outdoor Community Service Which of the following is the right order for the blanks I to III? A. b-c-a B. a-b-c C. a-c-b D. c-a-b 41. According to the map, a person who chooses Teaching & Mentoring tends to ________. A. have a flexible schedule B. give others emotional guidance C. prefer outdoor activities D. get involved in short-term tasks 42. Who is most likely to benefit directly from using this Decision Map? A. Organizations hoping to recruit volunteers for specialized long-term positions. B. School administrators deciding how to distribute students across different programs. C. Researchers examining patterns in youth participation in community work. D. Volunteers who need guidance on matching their personal tendencies with service roles. (C) Courts in the United States now rely heavily on scientific evidence and expert testimony (证词) to decide questions of fact. On 1 December 2023, revised draft to Federal Rule of Evidence 702 took effect, further clarifying the court’s duty as a gatekeeper of expert evidence. This change comes soon after the 30-year anniversary of the Daubert case, the Supreme Court’s landmark ruling on how federal judges should evaluate scientific evidence. Daubert was praised as a victory for science in the legal system, but its flexible standard has produced serious inconsistencies. Most notably, it has had a much stronger influence in civil cases than in criminal ones. Daubert’s basic message — that scientific evidence must be valid and reliable — should apply just as strictly in criminal justice and forensic science (法医学) . Before Daubert, judges mainly asked whether a method was “generally accepted” in a field, and often treated an expert’s own claim as enough. Daubert shifted the burden to judges, who must now seriously examine validity. The Court listed possible factors — testing, error rates, peer review, and general acceptance — but offered limited concrete guidance and left judges open questions. In civil cases, Daubert has clearly increased review of experts such as epidemiologists, economists, and physicians. Parties now challenge expert evidence more often, and more testimony is excluded under this gatekeeping role. Whether courts are always correct about validity is less clear, but the standard has generally raised the bar in civil actions. In criminal cases, however, change has been weak. Forensic evidence like fingerprints, bloodstain pattern analysis, and firearms identification often enters court with little scientific testing or proof of accuracy. Reports by the National Academy of Sciences and the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology warned that many forensic pattern techniques have poor scientific foundations, unclear error rates, and limited statistical support. Moreover, crime labs are often tied to law enforcement, reducing independence. The reason for such situation is that public defenders lack resources, and judges frequently rely on “general acceptance” or old precedents (先例) instead of demanding strong scientific proof. The moment is right for a national committee of judges, scientists, legal scholars, and forensic professionals to design a framework that ensures forensic methods in court are truly valid and reliable. Only then can Daubert’s gatekeeping promise genuinely improve justice. 43. Which of the following statements about impacts of Daubert case is TRUE? A. The essence of scientific evidence is much emphasized. B. The court is responsible for evaluating expert evidence. C. Expert testimony is particularly unreliable in civil cases. D. The effectiveness of scientific evidence is broadly doubted. 44. According to the passage, which evidence may undergo the strictest review in court? A. A DNA comparison test conducted by forensic scientists in a murder case. B. Evaluation of a financial analyst about share prices in economic disputes. C. Identification of purchased animal species by zoologists in criminal cases. D. Handwriting comparisons by forensic experts when validating a contract. 45. Why are reforms in criminal justice weaker? (1) Forensic labs have connections with law enforcement. (2) Suspects have little ability to question the evidence. (3) Courts tend to follow rather than make decisions. A. (1) and (2). B. (1) and (3). C. (2) and (3). D. (1) , (2) and (3). 46. Below are statements from four professionals. Which professional may be inferred to have the most similar perspective to the author? We judges are not experts in the field of science, so our decision on whether or not accepting forensic testimony about questions of fact is not that reliable. Dr. William, Judge Forensic institutions share the same purpose with police officers, that is, to look for, or find, evidence and to use them to eventually prove suspects guilty. Mr. Jeffrey, Police Current situation of scientific evidence is far from satisfactory. That’s all because both parties tend to test and present evidence that are beneficial to themselves. Prof. Jacqueline, Scholar Different experts have their own view of scientific evidence. But from a practical perspective, it’s hard to prove anything without the presence of such evidence. Ms. Sherley, Lawyer A. Dr. William. B. Mr. Jeffrey. C. Prof. Jacqueline. D. Ms. Sherley. Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Portraits That Rewrite the Margins In Santa Ana, California, artist Brian Peterson often passed the same homeless individuals on his way to work. He realized he knew nothing about them except their silhouettes on the sidewalk. One evening, he stopped to greet a man seated near a bus stop and later painted a portrait based on the brief interaction. When he posted the painting online, people were struck by the expression on the man’s face and began asking about his story. ____47____ As Brian continued painting more people, he discovered that the process required more listening than skill. Many individuals shared chapters of their past that they had never told strangers before. He wrote down short versions of these stories and displayed them beside each portrait, hoping viewers would see the person rather than the stereotype. The more he painted, the more the project shifted from a hobby to a form of community work. Buyers often asked how their payments could help the subject of the portrait. ____48____ Over time, this simple practice created trust, and several people who once avoided conversation began greeting Brian with ease when they saw him. Workshops were later added to involve students, who met and painted alongside Brian’s homeless neighbors. Some students admitted they had never spoken to a homeless person before and were surprised by how openly people described their hopes. The project also drew volunteers who offered to deliver meals or collect donations. ____49____ Today, Brian’s portraits appear in cafés, libraries and small exhibitions around the city. They remind residents that homelessness is not only an economic issue but also a human one. ____50____ A. One small portrait gradually grew into a citywide project involving more people. B. Early community support helped the project take shape locally. C. He considered raising prices so each sitter could receive a small share of earnings. D. He used each payment to buy the sitters basic items needed daily. E. At first he doubted whether the project could continue or matter to anyone. F. These experiences showed that empathy expressed through art can reshape public attitudes. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Winter Home Cooking In winter, when days shorten too quickly, cooking helps me keep a clear sense of time rather than soften feelings. Water boiling at six, bread warming at seven, dishes washed before eight give order to evenings that might otherwise fade into each other. It is not comfort I seek, but a simple structure that keeps the season from collapsing into sameness. Recipes that require only salt, heat and patience appeal to me most. Cutting the vegetables into equal pieces and watching them cook at a steady pace offers a small but steady sense of control, which is rare in winter weeks filled with delays and sudden changes. The kitchen does not ask me to feel better, only to follow steps that stay predictable. Cooking is one of the few tasks in which progress is visible. Soup deepens, rice softens, sauce thickens, and each minute has form. Unlike scrolling through messages or sitting in long silence, the cooker gives feedback I can trust. Winter often slows thought without slowing hours, and cooking helps bring them back into agreement. Some dishes come from memory rather than instruction. A noodle soup my grandmother made on cold weekends, or apples baked the way she preferred, returns without ceremony. Winter does not make these meals sentimental, only familiar. The warmth is not emotional but a quiet link to past routines, a small record of hands that cooked before mine. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 你口口声声说自己要管住嘴，可为什么又点了一份炸鸡? (how come) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 53. 内科医生一丝不苟地进行了多项筛查，以排除患脑癌的可能性。(rule) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 54. 近期多起儿童误食蜡笔引发窒息的报道提醒家长，需要妥善保管此类文具，避免意外发生。(where) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 55. 天文学家以望远镜为锚，凝神凝望行星轨道的细微变化，深邃夜空下这一幕显得格外迷人。(anchor) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是臻知中学高三学生小未，在本学期学校英语报的“ENVISIONING（畅想未来）”专栏读到如下主题征文： ENVISIONING Embodied intelligence (具身智能) refers to artificial intelligence possessing a physical body. Some scholars propose that embodied intelligence could replace humans in performing high-risk tasks, such as mining operations or working at height. If embodied intelligence were indeed capable of undertaking such work, would you agree to have it replace humans in performing these duties? 请你给该专栏写一篇文章，谈谈你的看法。你的文章需包括： （1）你的看法； （2）你的理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 英语试测卷 （考试时间105分钟，满分115分） （试卷共10页，答题纸共2页） I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word, for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. One afternoon, Martin Blake, a wheel chair user and travel writer, arrived at a small cruise dock expecting the familiar difficulties usually accompanying travel. Over the years, he ____1____ (learn) to allow extra time, anticipate confusion and prepare himself for unwanted attention. This time, however, the experience unfolded differently. A ramp had already been positioned, and boarding ____2____ (proceed) quietly, without explanation or delay, allowing him to enter the ship ____3____. The ship felt unlike the large liners Blake had long avoided. Smaller in scale, it offered wide passageways and open spaces ____4____ made movement easier. What struck him most, though, was not the design but the behaviour of the crew. They remained nearby but never rushed forward, ____5____ (step) in only when help was clearly needed. This restraint, rare in his experience, made the assistance feel respectful ____6____ disturbing. As the journey continued, the pattern held. Meals were served in spaces that ____7____ be reached independently, and daily activities allowed for flexibility. Short excursions were planned with multiple options, enabling passengers to decide how much support to accept. Blake gradually relaxed into routines that usually required constant adjustment, gaining insight ____8____ how thoughtful planning could reduce unnecessary stress. Looking back, he realized expectations had shifted. Accessibility was treated not as ____9____ added feature or favour, but as part of ordinary travel. Physical limits remained, yet explanation became less necessary, it no longer seemingly required ____10____ (repeat). On a ship shaped by careful choices, independence felt natural, dignity preserved through quiet details. 【答案】1. had learned##had learnt 2. proceeded 3. himself 4. that##which 5. stepping 6. rather than/ instead of 7. could 8. into 9. an 10. to be repeated##repeating 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述轮椅使用者马丁·布莱克的一次无障碍邮轮旅行经历，展现无障碍设计与人文关怀如何提升残障人士的出行体验。 【1题详解】 考查时态。句意：多年来，他已经学会留出额外时间、预判混乱情况，并为不必要的关注做好心理准备。空格处是谓语动词，文章描述的是过去发生的事，结合时间状语Over the years可知，此处应该用过去完成时，表示“过去的过去”，即“在到达码头前就已学会”。故填had learned/learnt。 【2题详解】 考查时态。句意：舷梯早已放置到位，登船过程安静地进行，没有解释也没有延误，让他得以独自进入船舱。空格处是谓语动词，句子描述过去发生的事，应该用一般过去时，proceed的过去式是proceeded。故填proceeded。 【3题详解】 考查代词。句意同上。根据上文的without explanation or delay可知，此处强调“他独自进入船舱”，所以应该用反身代词himself。故填himself。 【4题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：它规模更小，设有宽敞的通道和开放空间，这些让行动更加轻松。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词wide passageways and open spaces，关系词在在句中作主语，所以应该用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们待在附近却从不贸然上前，只在明确需要帮助时才介入。空格处应该用非谓语动词作状语，动词step与其逻辑主语they之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词stepping作状语。故填stepping。 【6题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：这种克制在他的经历中很少见，让帮助显得充满尊重而非打扰。前后对比“尊重”与“打扰”，根据空格前后的名词，空格处应该用介词或介词短语，且意义为“而不是”，所以用rather than或instead of。故填rather than/instead of。 【7题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：餐食供应区可以独立到达，日常活动也具有灵活性。根据空格后的动词原形be可知，空格处应该填入一个情态动词，且意义为“能够”，结合句子描述过去发生的事，此处应该用could。故填could。 【8题详解】 考查介词。句意：布莱克逐渐适应了那些通常需要不断调整的日常安排，并洞察到周到的规划如何能减少不必要的压力。insight into“洞悉；了解”是固定搭配。故填into。 【9题详解】 考查冠词。句意：无障碍设施不再被视为一项额外特色或恩惠，而是普通旅行的一部分。根据空格后的单数名词feature or favour可知，空格处应该用不定冠词表示“一”，added发音是元音音素开头，所以用an。故填an。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：身体限制依然存在，但解释变得不那么必要了——似乎不再需要重复解释。require to do是固定搭配，动词repeat与其逻辑主语it之间是被动关系，此处应该用不定式的被动语态。require doing=require to be done，所以空格处也可以用动名词repeating作宾语，主动形式表被动含义。故填to be repeated/repeating。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. barely B. charge C. episodes D. foreign E. littering F. natures G. occasionally H. participating I. spring J. striking K. weighing The Penguins Adapting to a Plastic World Along the windswept coast of Argentina, thousands of Magellanic penguins arrive each year to breed. Their colonies, once surrounded only by stones and twigs, now share the area with human trash. Plastic bottles, ropes, and old containers ____11____ the pebbles (鹅卵石) , have quietly become part of the penguins’ daily life and subtly affecting how they hunt for fish, care for their chicks, and ____12____ at threats whenever danger arises. In recent years, scientists have observed that penguins ____13____ use bits of plastic, rope, or wire to build their nests. Some even seem to prefer these bright artificial materials to natural ones. Although this behavior might appear ____14____ at first glance, it demonstrates the birds’ ability to adjust. They are ____15____ just victims of pollution. In fact, they are actively ____16____ in a rapidly changing environment. Human-made objects can also be dangerous, as penguins may get trapped in nets or swallow small pieces, which can injure them or block their stomachs. For decades, human actions have been ____17____ heavily on the Magellanic penguins’ populations and fragile habitats. Even small amounts of trash, gradually accumulating (累积) , threaten their survival prospects and daily routines. Scientists warn that if pollution persists, penguins may slowly adapt to these ____18____ elements as part of their world. They then may, when necessary, ____19____ sensibly from one area to another in search of food, displaying both skill and instinct. This story is not only about penguins. Human waste now reaches even remote habitats. Observing penguins can uncover surprising _____20_____ , from predator attacks to sudden storms, offering brief but powerful lessons on survival and adaptation. 【答案】11. E 12. B 13 G 14. J 15. A 16. H 17. K 18. D 19. I 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕麦哲伦企鹅展开，阐述其在充斥人类垃圾的环境中的适应行为、面临的威胁，及该现象带来的生存启示。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：散落于鹅卵石间的塑料瓶、绳子和旧容器已悄然成为企鹅日常生活的一部分，并潜移默化地影响着它们捕鱼、照料雏鸟以及在危险来临时应对威胁的方式。结合前文“now share the area with human trash”可知，垃圾散落于企鹅栖息地，动词litter“散落；乱扔”符合题意，和逻辑主语 Plastic bottles, ropes, and old containers为主动关系，用现在分词littering作后置定语。故选E。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：散落于鹅卵石间的塑料瓶、绳子和旧容器已悄然成为企鹅日常生活的一部分，并潜移默化地影响着它们捕鱼、照料雏鸟以及在危险来临时应对威胁的方式。空处与hunt、care for并列，作谓语，结合“at threats whenever danger arises”可知，此处指应对威胁，动词charge“应对；冲锋”符合题意。故选B。 【13题详解】 考查副词。句意：近年来，科学家观察到企鹅偶尔会用塑料碎片、绳子或金属丝筑巢。空处修饰动词use，需用副词，结合语境，企鹅并非常规用塑料筑巢，副词occasionally“偶尔；间或”符合题意。故选G。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：尽管这种行为乍一看可能令人惊讶，但它体现了这种鸟类的适应能力。空处作表语，结合“用塑料筑巢”这一特殊行为，形容词striking“令人惊讶的”符合题意。故选J。 【15题详解】 考查副词。句意：它们不仅仅是污染的受害者。空处修饰be动词are，需用副词，结合下文“they are actively...”可知，此处强调“不仅仅是受害者”，副词barely“仅仅；只不过”符合题意。故选A。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：事实上，它们正积极参与到快速变化的环境中。空处与are构成现在进行时，结合“in a rapidly changing environment”可知，此处指参与到快速变化的环境中，participating“参与”符合题意，be participating in为固定搭配，意为“参与……”。故选H。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：几十年来，人类活动一直对麦哲伦企鹅的种群数量和脆弱的栖息地造成沉重负担。空处与have been构成现在完成进行时，结合“heavily on the Magellanic penguins’ populations”可知，此处指给企鹅的数量和栖息地造成了负担，weighing“对……造成负担”符合题意，weigh heavily on为固定搭配，意为“对……构成沉重负担”。故选K。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：科学家警告说，如果污染持续下去，企鹅可能会慢慢适应这些外来元素，将其视为自己世界的一部分。空处修饰名词elements，结合前文“human trash”和“artificial materials”可知，这些均为外来元素，形容词foreign“外来的；陌生的”符合题意。故选D。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：必要时，它们可能会明智地从一个地区迁徙到另一个地区寻找食物，展现出技能和本能。空处作谓语，结合“from one area to another in search of food”可知，此处指迁徙，动词spring“迁徙；突然移动”符合题意。故选I。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：观察企鹅可以发现令人惊讶事件，从捕食者攻击到突如其来的风暴，为生存和适应提供了短暂但有力的启示。空处作宾语，结合“from predator attacks to sudden storms”可知，这些均为具体事件，名词episodes“事件；片段”符合题意，此处用复数形式。故选C。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Public discussion of screen time tends to begin with children. Parents complain about phones replacing books, teachers worry about shrinking attention spans, and researchers, among them Jonathan Haidt, warn of long-term psychological effects. These concerns have led to ____21____ calls for limits on young people’s online behaviour. What is rarely questioned, ____22____ , is whether the group attracting the most attention is also the one spending the most time in front of screens. ____23____ this ongoing debate, screen habits have been quietly changing elsewhere. Television has long shaped daily routines in retirement, yet today’s older adults are no longer ____24____ to a single device. Smartphones, tablets and online platforms have ____25____ existing habits, often without much notice. What looks like harmless addition gradually becomes ____26____ , as activities once filling the day are reorganized and give way to digital alternatives that require less effort and planning. This transformation is often ____27____ , and with good reason. Digital tools offer older people forms of access that become increasingly valuable with age. Messages travel faster than visits, services arrive without ____28____ effort, and entertainment demands little preparation. These conveniences, taken together, allow older people to adjust their daily routines to changing physical and social conditions. They suggest not dependence but ____29____ . Yet convenience comes with ____30____ . Devices used by older adults are commonly linked to financial accounts, turning ease of ____31____ into potential exposure. At the same time, many retirees rely heavily on online news, where credibility varies widely. As ____32____ sources are replaced by endless streams of content, ____33____ becomes harder to secure, even as information grows more easily accessible. The effects of screen use, then, resist simple judgement. Screens can cause ____34____ while quietly reducing everyday contact. Unlike teenagers, whose online time is shaped by school schedules and parental rules, older adults face few ____35____ limits. The question is no longer whether screen time is good or bad, but how freedom, risk and responsibility shift when digital habits expand beyond the young. 21. A. household B. sudden C. official D. repeated 22. A. therefore B. meanwhile C. however D. similarly 23. A. Because of B. Away from C. In spite of D. In case of 24. A. bound B. exposed C. attracted D. adapted 25. A. entered B. followed C. replaced D. reshaped 26. A. adjustment B. replacement C. routine D. custom 27. A. questioned B. ignored C. welcomed D. resisted 28. A. mental B. financial C. physical D. social 29 A. adaptation B. convenience C. comfort D. habit 30. A. benefits B. explanations C. conditions D. opportunities 31. A. access B. payment C. service D. management 32. A. approachable B. digital C. regular D. popular 33. A. popularity B. reliability C. possibility D. clarity 34. A. isolation B. boredom C. pressure D. anxiety 35. A. moral B. personal C. social D. external 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. C 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕屏幕使用时间展开，探讨老年人屏幕使用习惯的变化、带来的便利与风险，指出屏幕使用效果需客观判断。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些担忧导致人们一再呼吁限制年轻人的上网行为。A. household家庭的；B. sudden突然的；C. official官方的；D. repeated重复的。根据前文“Parents complain about phones replacing books, teachers worry about shrinking attention spans, and researchers, among them Jonathan Haidt, warn of long-term psychological effects”可知，对年轻人屏幕使用的担忧由来已久，由此引发的限制呼吁应是反复出现的。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，很少有人质疑的是，最受关注的群体是否也是在屏幕前花费时间最多的群体。A. therefore因此；B. meanwhile同时；C. however然而；D. similarly类似地。前文讲人们聚焦年轻人屏幕使用并呼吁限制，结合后文“whether the group attracting the most attention is also the one spending the most time in front of screens”可知，前后为转折关系。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：在这场持续的争论之外，其他地方的屏幕使用习惯正悄然发生变化。A. Because of因为；B. Away from远离、在……之外；C. In spite of尽管；D. In case of万一。前文围绕年轻人屏幕使用展开争论，后文转而讲述老年人的屏幕使用习惯，即脱离前文争论的范畴。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：电视长期以来塑造了退休后的日常生活，但如今的老年人不再局限于单一设备。A. bound受约束的、局限的；B. exposed暴露的；C. attracted被吸引的；D. adapted适应的。根据后文“Smartphones, tablets and online platforms”可知，老年人可使用的电子设备增多，不再只局限于电视这一种设备，be bound to“局限于”符合语境。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：智能手机、平板电脑和在线平台重塑了现有的习惯，这一点往往未被过多关注。A. entered进入；B. followed跟随；C. replaced取代；D. reshaped重塑。根据后文“as activities once filling the day are reorganized”可知，日常活动被重新安排，即原有习惯被新设备和平台重塑，而非完全取代。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：看似无害的新增事物逐渐变成了替代品，因为曾经充斥一天的活动被重新安排，让位于更省力、更无需规划的数字替代方案。A. adjustment调整；B. replacement替代；C. routine日常惯例；D. custom习俗。根据前文“Television has long shaped daily routines”及后文活动被重新安排可知，电子设备逐渐成为电视的替代品。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种转变通常是受欢迎的，这是有充分理由的。A. questioned质疑；B. ignored忽视；C. welcomed欢迎；D. resisted抵制。根据后文“Digital tools offer older people forms of access that become increasingly valuable with age”可知，数字工具能为老年人提供有价值的便利，因此这种转变应是受认可、受欢迎的。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：信息传递比登门拜访更快，服务无需费力就能送达，娱乐也几乎不需要准备。A. mental精神的；B. financial经济的；C. physical身体的、体力的；D. social社交的。根据上文“Messages travel faster than visits,”可知，数字服务可让他们无需出门奔波，无需付出身体上的努力。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些便利加在一起，让老年人能够根据不断变化的身体和社会状况调整日常生活。它们体现的不是依赖，而是适应。A. adaptation适应；B. convenience便利；C. comfort舒适；D. habit习惯。根据前文“adjust their daily routines to changing physical and social conditions”可知，此处对应“调整适应”，强调老年人借助数字工具适应变化的状态。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，便利也是有条件的。A. benefits益处；B. explanations解释；C. conditions条件；D. opportunities机会。根据后文“turning ease of  11  into potential exposure.”可知，数字设备虽带来便利，但也存在潜在的意外状况，即“条件”，故选C。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：老年人使用的设备通常与财务账户关联，这使得便捷的支付变成了潜在的风险暴露。A. access使用、获取；B. payment支付；C. service服务；D. management管理。结合上文“financial accounts”可知，与财务账户关联的应是支付行为，便捷的支付功能可能带来财务风险。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当常规信息来源被源源不断的内容流取代时，即使信息变得更容易获取，可靠性也更难保证。A. approachable可接近的；B. digital数字的；C. regular常规的、定期的；D. popular受欢迎的。根据前文“many retirees rely heavily on online news, where credibility varies widely”可知，在线新闻可信度不一，相比之下，此前的信息来源应是常规且可信度较高的。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当常规信息来源被源源不断的内容流取代时，即使信息变得更容易获取，可靠性也更难保证。A. popularity受欢迎度；B. reliability可靠性；C. possibility可能性；D. clarity清晰度。根据前文“credibility varies widely”可知，此处核心话题为信息的可信度，即可靠性。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：屏幕在悄然减少日常交流的同时，也可能导致孤独感。A. isolation孤独感；B. boredom无聊；C. pressure压力；D. anxiety焦虑。根据后文“reducing everyday contact”可知，使用智能手机的时间，即屏幕时间减少了日常交流，由此推测可造成孤独感。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与青少年不同，青少年的上网时间受学校日程和父母规定的影响，老年人几乎没有外部限制。A. moral道德的；B. personal个人的；C. social社交的；D. external外部的。根据上文“school schedules and parental rules”可知，这些都是青少年面临的外部限制，而老年人没有此类外部约束。故选D。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Peverel Smith, a legendary artist, was seen walking on a Manhattan sidewalk wearing jeans, high-tops, a blazer, and a wool cap. She was there to meet me at a gallery owned by her friends. We entered the quiet space, where a large horse statue was the only thing visible through the glass. Smith, who will turn 79 in December, was preparing for a busy fall. She was releasing her memoir (回忆录) , Bread of Angels, and going on an international tour to celebrate her famous album Horses. Smith’s career spans over 60 years, including poetry, music, photography, and more. One of her famous lyrics from Horses says, “People say, “Beware,” but I don’t care.” She has always questioned authority, starting from her childhood. In her memoir, she recalls a question she asked during school about what will happen to art. Her father loved art. Smith was sent to orphanage (孤儿院) after her parents’ death but was disappointed when she learned there was no place for art. She then dedicated herself to art. Smith’s early life was difficult. She grew up in a poor family, moving often and being sick a lot. Despite this, she loved storytelling and reading. She dreamed of writing the longest book in the world. She also wanted to be a musician, even though she said she didn’t know how to play guitar properly. Her rebellious spirit made her stand out in the male-dominated music scene. She married Fredrick Smith in Detroit and had two children. After Fred’s death in 1994, she returned to New York with her kids and continued her creative work. Smith’s life shows her ability to reinvent herself. She believes that everyone should find a piece of themselves in her stories. Smith plans to focus more on writing and less on memoirs. When asked how she feels she said she feels like she is “ten and 100.” 36. What can we learn about Horses? A. Smith will go on a celebration tour for Horses this December. B. Horses holds lots of precious memories of Smith in her youth. C. Horses represents Smith’s resistance nature as her early album. D. Lyrics of Horses reflected nature of Smith since her childhood. 37. What is the main purpose of the 3rd paragraph? A. To introduce the life story of Peverel Smith. B. To convey Smith’s resilience under hardship. C. To explain origins of Smith’s literature talent. D. To present sympathy on Smith’s experiences. 38. The underlined part “ten and 100” in the last paragraph means ________. A. Smith is excellent in health though advanced in years B. Smith is passionate but sometimes feels overwhelmed C. Smith is now well-travelled and ready to author more D. Smith is sensible about age when recalling her youth 39. What is the best title of this passage? A. Peverel Smith — My Ageless Friend B. Peverel Smith and Her Horses C. Poetic Singer — Peverel Smith D. Lifetime Reinvention of Peverel Smith 【答案】36. D 37. B 38. C 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了传奇艺术家佩弗利尔·史密斯的生平经历，包括其职业生涯、早年困境、叛逆精神及不断自我重塑的人生态度。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“One of her famous lyrics from Horses says, “People say, “Beware,” but I don’t care.” She has always questioned authority, starting from her childhood.（她在《Horses》中的一句著名歌词写道：“人们说，“小心点，”但我不在乎。”从童年开始，她就一直质疑权威)”可知，《Horses》的歌词体现了史密斯从小就有的叛逆反抗本性。故选D项。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Despite this, she loved storytelling and reading. She dreamed of writing the longest book in the world. She also wanted to be a musician, even though she said she didn’t know how to play guitar properly. Her rebellious spirit made her stand out in the male-dominated music scene. She married Fredrick Smith in Detroit and had two children. After Fred’s death in 1994, she returned to New York with her kids and continued her creative work.(尽管如此，她依旧热爱讲故事与阅读。她曾梦想写出世界上最长的书。她也想成为一名音乐家，尽管她坦言自己并不太会正确地弹奏吉他。她身上的叛逆精神，让她在男性主导的音乐界中脱颖而出。她在底特律与弗雷德里克・史密斯成婚，育有两个孩子。1994 年弗雷德去世后，她带着孩子们回到纽约，继续自己的创作事业)”可知，尽管历经诸多困境，她仍坚持追求艺术。因此本段的目的是，体现她在艰难困苦中的韧性。故选B项。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据前文“Smith’s life shows her ability to reinvent herself. She believes that everyone should find a piece of themselves in her stories. Smith plans to focus more on writing and less on memoirs.(史密斯的一生展现了她自我重塑的能力。她相信每个人都能在她的故事中找到自己的影子。史密斯计划将更多精力放在写作上，减少回忆录的创作)”可知，史密斯虽年事已高，但始终保持创作活力，且有新的创作规划。C选项“Smith is now well-travelled and ready to author more”中，ready to author more与她“将更多精力放在写作上”的创作计划相呼应，契合“ten and 100”所传递的“既有丰富人生阅历，又有旺盛创作热情”的内涵。故选C项。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合最后一段“Smith’s life shows her ability to reinvent herself. (史密斯的一生展现了她自我重塑的能力)”可知，文章围绕佩弗利尔·史密斯展开，讲述了她早年困境、职业生涯中的叛逆精神，以及历经人生变故后仍坚持创作、不断自我重塑的人生历程，核心凸显其“终身自我重塑”的特点。D项“佩弗利尔・史密斯的终身自我重塑”能够概括文章主旨，适合作本文标题。故选D项。 (B) Below is a Decision Map designed to help students choose the type of volunteer work that suits them best. Follow the path by choosing “Agree” or “Disagree” at each step, and you will be led to a cause that matches your values and strengths. 40. Causes I to III are missing in the map: a. Hands-on Repair Projects b. Long-term Youth Support c. Outdoor Community Service Which of the following is the right order for the blanks I to III? A. b-c-a B. a-b-c C. a-c-b D. c-a-b 41. According to the map, a person who chooses Teaching & Mentoring tends to ________. A. have a flexible schedule B. give others emotional guidance C. prefer outdoor activities D. get involved in short-term tasks 42. Who is most likely to benefit directly from using this Decision Map? A. Organizations hoping to recruit volunteers for specialized long-term positions. B. School administrators deciding how to distribute students across different programs. C. Researchers examining patterns in youth participation in community work. D. Volunteers who need guidance on matching their personal tendencies with service roles. 【答案】40. C 41. C 42. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文介绍一款志愿工作决策图，学生可通过选择“同意/不同意”，找到适配自身价值观与优势的志愿项目。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据Ⅰ的上一步“I enjoy hands-on, practical tasks more than planning or organizing activities.(比起规划或组织活动，我更喜欢亲力亲为的实践性工作)”可知，如果点击“Agree”就表示同意从事实践性强的任务，接下来可能会显示“Hands-on Repair Projects”；根据Ⅱ的上一步“I value helping young people grow long-term skills over meeting short-term needs.(比起满足短期需求，我更重视培养年轻人的长期技能)”可知，如果点击“Disagree”就表示不愿意从事长期任务的任务，接下来可能会显示“Outdoor Community Service”，因为户外社区服务时间相对较短；根据Ⅲ的上一步“I enjoy tasks that requires regular communication and patient listening.(我喜欢需要定期沟通和耐心倾听的工作)”可知，如果点击“Agree”则表示想要从事需要定期沟通和倾听的任务，接下来可能会显示“Long-term Youth Support”。故选C。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据Teaching & Mentoring的上一步“I feel comfortable supporting individuals who need steady emotional guidance.(我乐于为需要稳定情感指导的人提供支持)”可知，不愿意从事这类任务的人会选择Teaching & Mentoring。由此推测，选择Teaching & Mentoring的人性格比较外向，喜欢户外活动。故选C。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Below is a Decision Map designed to help students choose the type of volunteer work that suits them best. Follow the path by choosing “Agree” or “Disagree” at each step, and you will be led to a cause that matches your values and strengths.(以下是一份决策流程图，旨在帮助学生选择最适合自己的志愿工作类型。通过在每个步骤选择“同意”或“不同意”沿流程推进，你将找到符合自身价值观与优势的公益事业方向)”推测，需要指导以匹配个人特质与服务岗位的志愿者最有可能从该地图获益。故选D。 (C) Courts in the United States now rely heavily on scientific evidence and expert testimony (证词) to decide questions of fact. On 1 December 2023, revised draft to Federal Rule of Evidence 702 took effect, further clarifying the court’s duty as a gatekeeper of expert evidence. This change comes soon after the 30-year anniversary of the Daubert case, the Supreme Court’s landmark ruling on how federal judges should evaluate scientific evidence. Daubert was praised as a victory for science in the legal system, but its flexible standard has produced serious inconsistencies. Most notably, it has had a much stronger influence in civil cases than in criminal ones. Daubert’s basic message — that scientific evidence must be valid and reliable — should apply just as strictly in criminal justice and forensic science (法医学) . Before Daubert, judges mainly asked whether a method was “generally accepted” in a field, and often treated an expert’s own claim as enough. Daubert shifted the burden to judges, who must now seriously examine validity. The Court listed possible factors — testing, error rates, peer review, and general acceptance — but offered limited concrete guidance and left judges open questions. In civil cases, Daubert has clearly increased review of experts such as epidemiologists, economists, and physicians. Parties now challenge expert evidence more often, and more testimony is excluded under this gatekeeping role. Whether courts are always correct about validity is less clear, but the standard has generally raised the bar in civil actions. In criminal cases, however, change has been weak. Forensic evidence like fingerprints, bloodstain pattern analysis, and firearms identification often enters court with little scientific testing or proof of accuracy. Reports by the National Academy of Sciences and the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology warned that many forensic pattern techniques have poor scientific foundations, unclear error rates, and limited statistical support. Moreover, crime labs are often tied to law enforcement, reducing independence. The reason for such situation is that public defenders lack resources, and judges frequently rely on “general acceptance” or old precedents (先例) instead of demanding strong scientific proof. The moment is right for a national committee of judges, scientists, legal scholars, and forensic professionals to design a framework that ensures forensic methods in court are truly valid and reliable. Only then can Daubert’s gatekeeping promise genuinely improve justice. 43. Which of the following statements about impacts of Daubert case is TRUE? A. The essence of scientific evidence is much emphasized. B. The court is responsible for evaluating expert evidence. C. Expert testimony is particularly unreliable in civil cases. D. The effectiveness of scientific evidence is broadly doubted. 44. According to the passage, which evidence may undergo the strictest review in court? A. A DNA comparison test conducted by forensic scientists in a murder case. B. Evaluation of a financial analyst about share prices in economic disputes. C. Identification of purchased animal species by zoologists in criminal cases. D. Handwriting comparisons by forensic experts when validating a contract. 45. Why are reforms in criminal justice weaker? (1) Forensic labs have connections with law enforcement. (2) Suspects have little ability to question the evidence. (3) Courts tend to follow rather than make decisions. A. (1) and (2). B. (1) and (3). C. (2) and (3). D. (1) , (2) and (3). 46. Below are statements from four professionals. Which professional may be inferred to have the most similar perspective to the author? We judges are not experts in the field of science, so our decision on whether or not accepting forensic testimony about questions of fact is not that reliable. Dr. William, Judge Forensic institutions share the same purpose with police officers, that is, to look for, or find, evidence and to use them to eventually prove suspects guilty. Mr. Jeffrey, Police Current situation of scientific evidence is far from satisfactory. That’s all because both parties tend to test and present evidence that are beneficial to themselves. Prof. Jacqueline, Scholar Different experts have their own view of scientific evidence. But from a practical perspective, it’s hard to prove anything without the presence of such evidence. Ms. Sherley, Lawyer A. Dr. William. B. Mr. Jeffrey. C. Prof. Jacqueline. D. Ms. Sherley. 【答案】43. B 44. B 45. C 46. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国法院依赖科学证据和专家证词，围绕《联邦证据规则》702修订草案及多伯特案展开，分析其对民事与刑事案件的不同影响，指出刑事司法中科学证据审查的不足及原因，并呼吁建立相关框架保障证据有效性。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“On 1 December 2023, revised draft to Federal Rule of Evidence 702 took effect, further clarifying the court’s duty as a gatekeeper of expert evidence. This change comes soon after the 30-year anniversary of the Daubert case, the Supreme Court’s landmark ruling on how federal judges should evaluate scientific evidence.(2023年12月1日，《联邦证据规则》702条修订草案生效，进一步明确了法院作为专家证据守门人的职责。这一变化发生在多伯特案30周年纪念后不久，多伯特案是最高法院关于联邦法官应如何评估科学证据的里程碑式裁决)”可知，多伯特案的核心影响之一是明确了法院评估专家证据的职责，故选B项。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“In civil cases, Daubert has clearly increased review of experts such as epidemiologists, economists, and physicians. Parties now challenge expert evidence more often, and more testimony is excluded under this gatekeeping role.(在民事案件中，多伯特案明显加强了对流行病学家、经济学家和医生等专家的审查。各方现在更频繁地对专家证据提出质疑，更多证词在这种守门人角色下被排除在外)”及第四段中“In criminal cases, however, change has been weak.(然而，在刑事案件中，变化却很微弱)”可知，民事案件中的专家证据审查比刑事案件更严格。B项“经济纠纷中财务分析师对股价的评估”属于民事案件中的专家证据，可能接受最严格审查。故选B项。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“The reason for such situation is that public defenders lack resources, and judges frequently rely on “general acceptance” or old precedents (先例) instead of demanding strong scientific proof.(造成这种情况的原因是公设辩护人缺乏资源，法官经常依赖“普遍接受”或旧先例，而不是要求强有力的科学证据)”可知，刑事司法改革较弱的原因包括：“嫌疑人几乎没有能力质疑证据”，原文提及公设辩护人缺乏资源，可推断嫌疑人质疑证据的能力较弱（2）；法院倾向于遵循先例而非自主决策（3）。故选C项。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者的核心观点是：法院对科学证据的审查存在不足，尤其刑事案件中法医证据缺乏严格科学验证，法官依赖先例，需建立框架保障证据有效可靠，强调法院对科学证据的裁决可靠性不足及法医与执法部门关联的问题。Dr. William（法官）认为法官非科学领域专家，对法医证词的裁决不可靠，与作者“法官依赖先例，对科学证据审查不足”的观点相近。故选A项。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Portraits That Rewrite the Margins In Santa Ana, California, artist Brian Peterson often passed the same homeless individuals on his way to work. He realized he knew nothing about them except their silhouettes on the sidewalk. One evening, he stopped to greet a man seated near a bus stop and later painted a portrait based on the brief interaction. When he posted the painting online, people were struck by the expression on the man’s face and began asking about his story. ____47____ As Brian continued painting more people, he discovered that the process required more listening than skill. Many individuals shared chapters of their past that they had never told strangers before. He wrote down short versions of these stories and displayed them beside each portrait, hoping viewers would see the person rather than the stereotype. The more he painted, the more the project shifted from a hobby to a form of community work. Buyers often asked how their payments could help the subject of the portrait. ____48____ Over time, this simple practice created trust, and several people who once avoided conversation began greeting Brian with ease when they saw him. Workshops were later added to involve students, who met and painted alongside Brian’s homeless neighbors. Some students admitted they had never spoken to a homeless person before and were surprised by how openly people described their hopes. The project also drew volunteers who offered to deliver meals or collect donations. ____49____ Today, Brian’s portraits appear in cafés, libraries and small exhibitions around the city. They remind residents that homelessness is not only an economic issue but also a human one. ____50____ A. One small portrait gradually grew into a citywide project involving more people. B. Early community support helped the project take shape locally. C. He considered raising prices so each sitter could receive a small share of earnings. D. He used each payment to buy the sitters basic items needed daily. E. At first he doubted whether the project could continue or matter to anyone. F. These experiences showed that empathy expressed through art can reshape public attitudes. 【答案】47. E 48. D 49. F 50. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述艺术家布莱恩为无家可归者创作肖像，项目发展并重塑公众认知的经历。 【47题详解】 根据下文“As Brian continued painting more people, he discovered that the process required more listening than skill.(随着布莱恩继续为更多人作画，他发现这个过程更需要倾听而非技巧)”以及第三段中“The more he painted, the more the project shifted from a hobby to a form of community work.(他画的肖像越多，这个项目就越从一项爱好转变为一种社区工作)”可知，此处需体现布莱恩对项目的初始态度与后续坚持的衔接，E选项“At first he doubted whether the project could continue or matter to anyone.(起初，他怀疑这个项目是否能继续下去，是否对任何人有意义)”以“起初怀疑”铺垫后续坚持创作，符合语境。故选E项。 【48题详解】 根据上文“Buyers often asked how their payments could help the subject of the portrait.(买家经常问他们的付款如何能帮助肖像中的对象)”以及下文“Over time, this simple practice created trust, and several people who once avoided conversation began greeting Brian with ease when they saw him.(久而久之，这种简单的做法建立了信任，一些曾经回避交流的人看到布莱恩时也开始轻松地和他打招呼)”可知，此处需说明付款用途，“这种简单的做法”即指代此用途，D选项“He used each payment to buy the sitters basic items needed daily.(他用每一笔付款为肖像模特购买日常所需的基本物品)”回应上文疑问，契合语境。故选D项。 【49题详解】 根据上文“Workshops were later added to involve students, who met and painted alongside Brian’s homeless neighbors. Some students admitted they had never spoken to a homeless person before and were surprised by how openly people described their hopes. The project also drew volunteers who offered to deliver meals or collect donations.(项目后来增设了工作坊，让学生们参与其中。这些学生与布莱恩那些无家可归的邻居见面，并一同作画。一些学生坦言，自己此前从未与无家可归者说过话，同时也对这些人能如此坦诚地讲述自身的希望感到惊讶。该项目还吸引了许多志愿者，他们主动提供送餐或募集捐款的服务)”可知，空处位于段末，应承接上文，说明这些做法的结果或好处。F选项“These experiences showed that empathy expressed through art can reshape public attitudes.(这些经历表明，通过艺术表达的同理心可以重塑公众态度)”总结前文社区参与的意义，符合语境。故选F项。 【50题详解】 根据上文“They remind residents that homelessness is not only an economic issue but also a human one.(它们提醒居民，无家可归不仅是一个经济问题，也是一个人道主义问题)”可知，此处需总结项目的发展成果，A选项“One small portrait gradually grew into a citywide project involving more people.(一幅小小的肖像逐渐发展成一个全市范围的项目，涉及更多人)”承接上文项目的影响力，点明其从单一作品到城市级项目的发展，符合语境。故选A项。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Winter Home Cooking In winter, when days shorten too quickly, cooking helps me keep a clear sense of time rather than soften feelings. Water boiling at six, bread warming at seven, dishes washed before eight give order to evenings that might otherwise fade into each other. It is not comfort I seek, but a simple structure that keeps the season from collapsing into sameness. Recipes that require only salt, heat and patience appeal to me most. Cutting the vegetables into equal pieces and watching them cook at a steady pace offers a small but steady sense of control, which is rare in winter weeks filled with delays and sudden changes. The kitchen does not ask me to feel better, only to follow steps that stay predictable. Cooking is one of the few tasks in which progress is visible. Soup deepens, rice softens, sauce thickens, and each minute has form. Unlike scrolling through messages or sitting in long silence, the cooker gives feedback I can trust. Winter often slows thought without slowing hours, and cooking helps bring them back into agreement. Some dishes come from memory rather than instruction. A noodle soup my grandmother made on cold weekends, or apples baked the way she preferred, returns without ceremony. Winter does not make these meals sentimental, only familiar. The warmth is not emotional but a quiet link to past routines, a small record of hands that cooked before mine. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】示例： Cooking keeps me grounded in time, when winter time collapses rapidly. I’m mostly in simple recipes, where I have steady control, on changeable winter days. When days fly, I can’t even reflect clearly, while visible cooking progresses push me off massive messages or silence. Besides, winter brings familiarity to dishes in my memory, which connects present me and past routines. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者冬日烹饪的体验，烹饪为其带来时间秩序与掌控感，其可见进展协调思绪，且记忆中的菜肴搭建起与过往的联结。 【详解】1. 要点摘录： ①In winter, when days shorten too quickly, cooking helps me keep a clear sense of time rather than soften feelings. It is not comfort I seek, but a simple structure that keeps the season from collapsing into sameness. ②Recipes that require only salt, heat and patience appeal to me most. Cutting the vegetables into equal pieces and watching them cook at a steady pace offers a small but steady sense of control. ③Cooking is one of the few tasks in which progress is visible. Winter often slows thought without slowing hours, and cooking helps bring them back into agreement. ④Some dishes come from memory rather than instruction. The warmth is not emotional but a quiet link to past routines, a small record of hands that cooked before mine. 2. 缜密构思： 整合①②③点，提炼烹饪在冬日为作者带来的核心价值（时间秩序、掌控感、协调思绪）；以第④点补充记忆类菜肴的意义 3.遣词造句： Cooking keeps me grounded in time, as winter time collapses quickly. I’m fond of simple recipes, where I have steady control, on changeable winter days. Days flying, I can’t even reflect clearly, while visible cooking progresses push me off massive messages or silence. Besides, winter brings familiarity to dishes in my memory, connecting present me and past routines. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Cooking keeps me grounded in time, when winter time collapses rapidly.（用when引导的时间状语从句对一段部分内容进行总结） [高分句型2]I’m fond of simple recipes where I have steady control, on changeable winter days. （用where引导非限定性定语从句对第二段部分内容进行总结） IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 你口口声声说自己要管住嘴，可为什么又点了一份炸鸡? (how come) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】You keep saying you are going on a diet/ will watch what you eat, but how come you ordered (a portion of) fried chicken again? 【解析】 【详解】考查固定搭配和宾语从句。句子由转折连词but连接两个分句，前一分句中“口口声声说”用keep saying表示持续的动作，其后接宾语从句you are going on a diet/ will watch what you eat，“管住嘴”可译为go on a diet（节食）或watch what you eat（注意饮食）；后一分句用how come引导疑问句，表“为什么”，其后接陈述语序，“点了一份炸鸡”体现动作已发生，用一般过去时ordered，“一份炸鸡”可译为a portion of fried chicken或直接fried chicken，“又”用again体现重复的动作。故翻译为You keep saying you are going on a diet/ will watch what you eat, but how come you ordered (a portion of) fried chicken again? 53. 内科医生一丝不苟地进行了多项筛查，以排除患脑癌的可能性。(rule) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The physician carried out several screenings carefully and thoroughly to rule out the possibility of brain cancer. 【解析】 【详解】考查不定式作目的状语及固定搭配。表示“内科医生”用the physician作主语，“进行多项筛查”用carry out several screenings，carry out作谓语，陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式，“一丝不苟地”译为carefully and thoroughly，作状语；“排除”对应固定短语rule out，表目的，用动词不定式形式，“患脑癌的可能性”译为the possibility of brain cancer，作宾语。句首单词首字母大写。故翻译为：The physician carried out several screenings carefully and thoroughly to rule out the possibility of brain cancer. 54. 近期多起儿童误食蜡笔引发窒息的报道提醒家长，需要妥善保管此类文具，避免意外发生。(where) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Recent coverage (of multiple cases) where young children accidentally ate crayons and suffered from choking reminds parents to keep such stationery properly to avoid accidents. 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句及固定搭配。表示“近期”用recent；“多起……的报道”译为coverage of multiple cases，“儿童误食蜡笔引发窒息”为定语从句修饰cases，cases为抽象地点类先行词，用关系副词where引导，并在从句中作地点状语，从句主语“儿童”young children，“误食蜡笔”译为accidentally eat crayons，eat作谓语，陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时，“引发窒息”译为suffer from choking，suffer和eat是并列谓语，也用一般过去时；“提醒家长”用remind parents，remind作主句谓语，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为coverage，谓语用第三人称单数形式，“妥善保管此类文具”keep such stationery properly，用不定式作宾补，“避免意外发生”译为avoid accidents，用不定式作目的状语。句首单词首字母大写。故翻译为：Recent coverage (of multiple cases) where young children accidentally ate crayons and suffered from choking reminds parents to keep such stationery properly to avoid accidents. 55. 天文学家以望远镜为锚，凝神凝望行星轨道的细微变化，深邃夜空下这一幕显得格外迷人。(anchor) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Anchored by his telescope, the astronomer gazes absorbedly at the slight variations in the planets’ orbits, and the scene appears particularly fascinating against the profound night sky. 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词、并列结构及固定搭配。该句为两个分句和一个非谓语作状语构成；第一个分句：表示“天文学家”用astronomer，作主语；“凝神凝望”用gaze absorbedly at，gaze作谓语，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，“行星轨道的细微变化”译为the slight variations in the planets’ orbits，作宾语；第二个分句：“这一幕”表达为the scene，作主语，“格外迷人”用appear particularly fascinating，appear作谓语，同样用一般现在时，“深邃夜空下”用against the profound night sky；两个分句为并列关系，用and连接。“以望远镜为锚”表伴随状态，且astronomer与anchor为被动关系，故用过去分词短语Anchored by his telescope作状语。故翻译为：Anchored by his telescope, the astronomer gazes absorbedly at the slight variations in the planets’ orbits, and the scene appears particularly fascinating against the profound night sky. V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是臻知中学的高三学生小未，在本学期学校英语报的“ENVISIONING（畅想未来）”专栏读到如下主题征文： ENVISIONING Embodied intelligence (具身智能) refers to artificial intelligence possessing a physical body. Some scholars propose that embodied intelligence could replace humans in performing high-risk tasks, such as mining operations or working at height. If embodied intelligence were indeed capable of undertaking such work, would you agree to have it replace humans in performing these duties? 请你给该专栏写一篇文章，谈谈你的看法。你的文章需包括： （1）你的看法； （2）你的理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Embodied Intelligence: A Reliable Substitute for High-Risk Tasks I strongly agree that embodied intelligence should replace humans in performing high-risk tasks like mining operations and high-altitude work. Firstly, it prioritizes human safety. Unlike humans, it is free from the threat of accidents such as mine collapses or falls from heights, thus avoiding irreversible losses to families. Secondly, it enhances work efficiency. Equipped with advanced sensors and durable components, it can work continuously without fatigue, completing tasks more accurately and quickly than manual labor. Thirdly, it reduces long-term costs. Though initial investment is needed, it saves expenses on workers’ insurance and medical compensation. Despite minor technological risks, strict supervision and regular maintenance can mitigate them. In conclusion, embodied intelligence is a wise choice for high-risk jobs, balancing safety, efficiency and cost-effectiveness. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。要求考生针对自己在学校英语报的“ENVISIONING（畅想未来）”专栏读到的征文写一篇文章，发表自己的看法并陈述理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 安全：safety→security 疲惫：fatigue→exhaustion 准确地：accurately→precisely 不可逆的：irreversible→irretrievable 2.句式拓展 同义句 原句：Though initial investment is needed, it saves expenses on workers’ insurance and medical compensation.  拓展句：Despite the fact that initial investment is needed, it saves expenses on workers’ insurance and medical compensation.  【点睛】【高分句型1】 I strongly agree that embodied intelligence should replace humans in performing high-risk tasks like mining operations and high-altitude work. （运用了that引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】 Equipped with advanced sensors and durable components, it can work continuously without fatigue, completing tasks more accurately and quickly than manual labor.（运用了过去分词和现在分词作状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $