Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Extended reading & Project &Assessment & Further study-(配套练习)【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册(译林版)

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A I have completely forgotten the name of an old lady who was a customer on my paper route when I was a twelve­year­old boy in Marinette, Wisconsin back in 1954. On a mindless Saturday afternoon, a friend and I were throwing rocks onto the roof of the old lady's house in her backyard.The object of our play was to observe how the rocks changed to missiles as they rolled to the roofs' edge and shot out into the yard as comets fall from the sky. I found myself a perfectly smooth rock.The stone was too smooth, however, so it slipped from my hand as I let it go and headed straight for a small window on the old lady's back porch.At the sound of glass fracturing, we ran away very fast. I was scared about getting caught that first night.However, a few days later, when I was sure that I hadn't been discovered, I started to feel guilty about her misfortune. I made up my mind that I would save my paper delivery money, and in three weeks I had the seven dollars that I calculated would cover the cost of her window.I put the money in an envelope with a note explaining that I was sorry for breaking her window. I waited until it was dark, snuck into the old lady's house, and put the envelope through the letter slot in her door. The next day, I handed the old lady her paper and was able to return the warm smile that I was receiving from her.She thanked me for the paper and said, “Here，I have something for you.” It was a bag of cookies.I thanked her and began to eat the cookies as I continued my route. After several cookies, I felt an envelope and pulled it out of the bag.When I opened the envelope, I was astonished.Inside were the seven dollars and a short note that said, “I'm proud of you.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了小时候自己做的一件错事以及对他的深远影响，他从自己的经历中深深地体会到诚实和知错能改的重要性。 1．The author and his friend threw stones onto the roof of the old lady's house in order to . A．amuse themselves B．help her repair it C．ask her for some help D．wake her up 解析　A　推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“The object of our play was to observe how the rocks changed to missiles as they rolled to the roofs' edge and shot out into the yard as comets fall from the sky.”可知他们的游戏的目的是观察岩石在滚到屋顶边缘，像彗星一样从天上掉下来时，是如何变成导弹的。因此推断孩子们这样做是为了娱乐。故A项正确。其余三项均不符合题意。 2．What part­time job did the author do at the age of 12? A．Making cookies. B．Collecting stones. C．Delivering newspapers. D．Repairing windows. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“on my paper route when I was a twelve­year­old boy”和第五段中的“I would save my paper delivery money”可知，当作者12岁的时候，他兼职给人们送报纸。故C项正确。 3．When the author felt guilty about what he had done, he . A．went to see the old lady and admitted his mistake bravely B．just wrote a letter to apologize to the old lady C．turned to his friend for some advice D．decided to rely on his own efforts to make up for his mistake 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第五段可知作者希望用自己送报纸挣的钱来弥补自己造成的损失，可知D项正确。A项“去看望这位老妇人，并勇敢地承认了自己的错误”；B项“只是写了一封信，向这位老妇人道歉”；C项“向他的朋友寻求一些建议”。这三项均不符合题意。 4．Which of the following can best replace the phrase “snuck into” in Paragraph 6? A．ran into 　　 B．slipped into C．broke into D．rushed into 解析　B　词义猜测题。根据第六段“I waited until it was dark...and put the envelope through the letter slot in her door.”可知作者一直等到天黑，把信封放进她门上的投信口。由此推知作者因自己做错事感到羞愧，不敢面对老妇人，故该词意为“偷偷溜进”，故B项正确。run into遇到；break into强行闯入；rush into冲进。 B Human is struggling to contain two major crises: Skyrocketing global temperatures and deep­diving biodiversity (生物多样性)．But people tend to solve each problem on its own, for instance by using green energies and carbon­eating machines, while surrounding ecosystems to preserve them.But a new report argues that treating each crisis in isolation (孤立地) means missing out on solutions that resolve both.Human can't solve one without also solving the other. So what might these solutions look like? Say, for instance, you turn a heavily logged forest into a national park.As the trees grow back, they would provide habitat for the return of animals.Letting a forest come back naturally, rather than planting a single species of tree to balance up some corporation's carbon emissions (排放), makes it recover faster.This is known as a nature­based solution, a campaign that both absorb carbon and provides an extra ecological or economic benefit. Stopping human's attacks on ecosystems can also help fight climate change, the study's authors write.Even cities can get in on the action, the report notes.Urban areas turn into “heat islands” because they absorb the sun's energy during the day and slowly release it at night.They are therefore much hotter than surrounding rural areas.Planting more trees cools cities and provides habitats for birds and shade for humans, which will be even more critical as global temperatures rise. The big threat, the authors stress, is that nature­based solutions alone can't stop climate change.As temperatures climb and droughts get more severe, it'll be harder for forests, wetlands, and mangroves to survive, even with our help.First and foremost, human has to dramatically reduce its greenhouse gas emissions.“Nature is not going to save us.” the authors say.“We can only use nature to support efforts.” “Still, governments and corporations are becoming more conscious of the importance of maintaining biodiversity while also fighting climate change，” says Beymer­Farris, from the University of Kentucky.“I myself, as a professor who has been working in this for 20 years, I see a lot of hope, because I see a lot of change on the horizon.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类如何保护物种和拯救地球。目前，人类正在努力遏制两大危机：全球气温飙升和深海生物多样性。基于自然的解决方案，生态环境得到一定程度的改善，但我们也要用大自然方式来支持我们的努力，如：大幅减少温室气体排放。 5. How should people deal with the two crises? A．By using carbon­eating machines. B．By giving priority to one of them. C．By tackling them in the meanwhile. D．By establishing more nature reserves. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第一段第三、四句“But a new report argues that treating each crisis in isolation (孤立地) means missing out on solutions that resolve both.Human can't solve one without also solving the other.(但一份新的报告认为，孤立地对待每一场危机意味着错过了解决这两个问题的解决方案。人类不能在不解决另一个问题的情况下解决一个问题。)”可知，人们应该同时应对这两个危机。故选C。 6．What is the most effective way to stop climate change according to the author? A．Plant more trees in urban areas. B．Adopt nature­based solutions. C．Send out less greenhouse gas. D．Provide habitats for animals. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“First and foremost, human has to dramatically reduce its greenhouse gas emissions.(首先，人类必须大幅减少温室气体排放。)”可知，作者认为，阻止气候变化最有效的方法是减少温室气体排放。故选C。 7．What is Beymer­Farris's attitude to the future of the ecology? A．Optimistic.　　　 B．Doubtful. C．Critical. D．Concerned. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据最后一段“I myself, as a professor who has been working in this for 20 years, I see a lot of hope, because I see a lot of change on the horizon.(我自己，作为一名在这方面工作了20年的教授，我看到了很多希望，因为我看到了很多变化。)”可知，贝默－法里斯对生态的未来持乐观态度，Optimistic乐观的，符合题意。故选A。 8．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Why we care about climate change B．How to live in harmony with nature C．Why urban areas become “heat island” D．How to protect species and save the planet 解析　D　主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“So what might these solutions look like？(那么这些解决方案会是什么样子呢？)”、第三段第一句“Stopping human's attacks on ecosystems can also help fight climate change(阻止人类对生态系统的攻击也有助于对抗气候变化)”以及最后一段“Still, governments and corporations are...while also fighting climate change.(尽管如此，政府和公司越来越意识到保持生物多样性的重要性，同时也在应对气候变化。)”结合文章大意，可知，文章介绍了人类如何保护物种和拯救地球。目前，人类正在努力遏制两大危机：全球气温飙升和深海生物多样性。基于自然的解决方案，生态环境得到一定程度的改善，但我们也要用大自然方式来支持我们的努力，如：大幅减少温室气体排放。故选D。 Ⅱ.语法填空 If you come across 1. 85­year­old woman walking slowly with a walker in the Children's Hospital of Soochow University, don't take her as a patient.Instead she is a doctor, 2. that still insists on working in the hospital. Sheng Jinyun, born in 1935, a famous expert in pediatric asthma (儿科哮喘), 3. (treat) about 30,000 patients suffering asthma so far.She is known as “the 4. (much) beautiful grandma doctor” by others.However, she still sees 40 patients every day.Sheng has always stuck to her post though she had two bones 5. (break) in a fall a month ago.So now she can only walk with the help of a walker.Others don't understand her because in their eyes, she 6. (expect) to live a peaceful life in this old age.But she wants to cure more patients.One of Sheng's most 7. (impress) experiences happened in her 50s.She saw 146 patients from 7：45 a．m.to 9：45 p．m.that day, eating 8. except some milk. Though 9. (award) the “lifelong achievement physician in pediatrics”， Sheng seems not proud at all.She said it was her goal to be a diligent person 10. good doctor. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍著名儿科专家盛锦云不辞辛劳为人民看病的一生。 1．解析　an　考查冠词。句意：如果你在苏州大学儿童医院看到一位85岁的老人拄着助步器慢慢走路，千万别把她当成病人。woman为可数名词，此处为泛指应用不定冠词，且85­year­old是发音以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。 2．解析　one　考查代词。句意：相反，她作为一名医生，她依然坚持在医院工作。空后that still insists on working in the hospital是定语从句，空处需用代词one，指代前文的先行词doctor。故填one。 3．解析　has treated　考查时态。句意：1935年出生的盛锦云，是著名的小儿哮喘专家，迄今已治疗了约3万名哮喘患儿。根据so far可知句子用现在完成时态，主语为Sheng Jinyun，助动词用has。故填has treated。 4．解析　most　考查最高级。句意：她被人们称为“最美丽的祖母医生”。此处指最美丽的医生，为beautiful的最高级，填most。故填most。 5．解析　broken　考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管一个月前她摔断了两根骨头，但她一直坚守岗位。此处为have ＋宾语＋宾语补足语，bones和break之间是被动关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填broken。 6．解析　is expected　考查时态语态。句意：在他们眼里，她在这个年纪应该过着平静的生活。句子主语she是单数第三人称形式，和expect之间是一种被动关系，且这里在讲述一个客观事实，所以句子用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为she，谓语用单数。故填is expected。 7．解析　impressive　考查形容词。句意：盛最令人印象深刻的经历之一发生在她50多岁的时候。修饰后文名词experiences应用形容词impressive，作定语。故填impressive。 8．解析　nothing　考查代词。句意：从早上7点45分到晚上9点45分，她看了146名患者，只喝了牛奶。此处为短语nothing except表示“只有”。故填nothing。 9．解析　awarded　考查状语从句的省略。句意：尽管被授予“儿科终身成就医师”称号，盛似乎一点也不骄傲。在though引导的时间状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，从句完整形式为Though Sheng was awarded the “lifelong achievement physician in pediatrics”，相当于省略了Sheng was。故填awarded。 10．解析　and　考查连词。句意：她说她的目标是成为一个勤奋的人和好的医生。通过前面的不定冠词a我们可以知道，盛锦云想拥有好医生和勤奋的人两个头衔，所以这里是并列结构。故填and。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $