Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage & Integrated skills-(配套练习)【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册(译林版)

Ⅰ.阅读理解 New research suggests that a gene that governs the body's biological (circadian) clock acts differently in males versus females and may protect females from heart disease.The study is the first to analyze circadian blood pressure rhythms(节奏) in female mice. The body's circadian clock－the biological clock that organizes bodily activities over a 24­hour period－contributes to normal variations in blood pressure and heart function over the course of the day.In most healthy humans, blood pressure dips(下降)at night.People who do not experience this temporary drop, called “non­dippers”， are more likely to develop heart disease.The circadian clock is made up of four main proteins(encoded by “clock genes”)that regulate close to half of all genes in the body, including those important for blood pressure regulation. Previous research has shown that male mice that are missing one of the four clock genes(PER1)become non­dippers and have a higher risk for heart and kidney disease.A research team studied the circadian response and blood pressure of female mice that lack PER1 and compared them with a healthy female control group.On both low—and high­salt diets, both groups “retained an apparent circadian rhythm” of blood pressure, the researchers explained.Unlike the male mice in previous research, the females without PER1 showed normal dips in blood pressure overnight. These results suggest that the lack of PER1 acts differently in males and females.The findings are consistent with research showing that women are less likely to be non­dippers than men of the same age.“This study represents an important step in understanding sex differences in the regulation of cardiovascular(心血管) function by the circadian clock，” the researchers wrote. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了控制人体生物钟的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，女性可能受益于生物钟。 1. What does the new research find? A. Biological clock may protect males from heart disease. B．Biological blood pressure rhythms in female mice acts normally. C．Biological clock organizes bodily activities over a 24­hour period. D．A gene controlling biological clock works differently between sexes. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第一段“New research suggests that a gene that governs the body's biological (circadian) clock acts differently in males versus females and may protect females from heart disease.(新的研究表明，控制人体生物钟(昼夜节律)的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害。)”可知，新的研究发现，控制生物钟的基因对于男性和女性的作用是不同的。故选D。 2．What role can circadian clock play according to the text? A. Helping males cure heart disease. B．Helping blood pressure vary normally. C．Contributing to abnormal variations in blood pressure. D．Making up four main proteins regulating almost half of all genes. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据第二段“The body's circadian clock－the biological clock that organizes bodily activities over a 24­hour period—contributes to normal variations in blood pressure and heart function over the course of the day.(人体昼夜节律的在24小时内组织身体活动的生物钟有助于一天中血压和心脏功能的正常变化。)”可知，生物钟有助于血压和心脏功能正常变化。故选B。 3. Which word can best replace the underlined word “retained” in paragraph 3? A．treated.　　　　　　 B．warned. C．kept. D．watched. 解析　C　词义猜测题。根据第三段“Unlike the male mice in previous research, the females without PER1 showed normal dips in blood pressure overnight.(与先前研究中的雄性小鼠不同，没有PER1的雌性小鼠在一夜之间血压正常下降。)”可知，此句研究结果与前句表示对比，前句表示在低盐和高盐的饮食中，两组小鼠的血压保持明显的昼夜节律，推测画线单词表示“保持”，与kept同义。故选C。 4. What would be a suitable title for the text? A．One clock gene is important B．Women may benefit from body clock C．New study analyzes blood pressure rhythms D．Blood pressure of healthy humans dips at night 解析　B　主旨大意题。根据第一段“New research suggests that a gene that governs the body's biological (circadian)clock acts differently in males versus females and may protect females from heart disease.(新的研究表明，控制人体生物钟(昼夜节律)的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害。)”可知，生物钟可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害，以及最后一段“The findings are consistent with research showing that women are less likely to be non­dippers than men of the same age.(研究表明，女性比同龄男性更不可能成为非杓型。)”可知，女性受到生物钟的影响，心脏和肾脏疾病风险可能更低，所以“女性可能受益于生物钟”可以作为文章标题。故选B。 Ⅱ.完形填空 After I graduated from the university, I got so pressured in finding a job.I submitted a lot of 1 both online and going in person to a particular company.One day I went to 2 my CV (履历) to a certain company and I wanted to meet the human resources manager in person because I believed it was a better 3 than leaving my CV at the reception. Unfortunately, in this company the 4 did not allow me to see the human resources manager and 5 asked me to just leave the CV with her and said that she would 6 it.I was really 7 since I knew she wouldn't do that and my CV would just be thrown in the trash can.I thought so because it usually 8 in some other companies.So I just left with my head 9 and never thought about it again since I knew I would never get any 10 from the company. Days passed and one day I received a call from a(n) 11 number and guessed what...it was the human resources manager of that same company.I was really shocked since I did not 12 it at all.He said he received my CV and that he would 13 it. I was so happy and felt bad at the same time for 14 the receptionist the other day.This humbled me and it was a 15 of believing in people and not assuming things just because of the norm. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者去一家公司应聘，但前台行政人员说只能把简历留下由她代为转交，作者认为这位行政人员可能不会帮自己交简历，但让人没想到的是，这位行政人员把作者的简历交给了HR。作者非常高兴，同时也对自己之前的想法感到羞愧。 1．A.designs　　　　　 B．applications C．preparations D．examinations 解析　B　考查名词词义辨析。design设计；application申请；preparation准备；examination测试。文章第一句提到作者大学毕业后，在找工作方面有着非常大的压力，而找工作肯定需要投递简历和申请。故选B。 2．A.hand in B．give up C．carry out D．take back 解析　A　考查动词短语辨析。hand in上交；give up放弃；carry out执行；take back收回。文章第二句提到作者会去一些公司投递简历，第二句中有提示词submitted。故选A。 3．A.result B．chance C．position D．suggestion 解析　B　考查名词词义辨析。result结果；chance可能性；position 位置；suggestion建议。前文提到，作者在找工作时，要么就上网投递简历，要么就亲自去公司交简历，而亲自把简历交给人力资源经理比把简历放在前台获得工作的可能性更大，故选B。 4．A.lawyer B．president C．reporter D．receptionist 解析　D　考查名词词义辨析。lawyer律师；president总裁；reporter记者；receptionist接待员。由上文的at the reception推断，此处应选D。 5．A.thus B．still C．instead D．therefore 解析　C　考查副词词义辨析。thus因此；still仍然；instead反而；therefore因此。根据前文可知，接待员不让作者与公司HR见面，却给了作者另一个选择，即由她转交，包含一种转折意味。故选C。 6．A.create B．share C．deliver D．exchange 解析　C　考查动词词义辨析。create创造；share分享；deliver交付，传送；exchange交换。分析文章可知，前台的接待员不让作者去见HR，只是让作者把简历交给她，由她转交。故选C。 7．A.amazed B．frightened C．puzzled D．disappointed 解析　D　考查形容词词义辨析。amazed惊讶的；frightened害怕的；puzzled疑惑的；disappointed失望的。根据前文可知，接待员没有让作者亲自去见HR，作者认为接待员会把自己的简历扔到垃圾桶，对此作者感到非常失望。故选D。 8．A.fails B．works C．changes D．happens 解析　D　考查动词词义辨析。fail失败；work工作，奏效；change改变；happen发生。前文提到作者认为公司的接待员会把自己的简历扔到垃圾桶，此句解释原因，说明这种情况在其他公司发生过。故选D。 9．A.up B．down C．aside D．forward 解析　B　考查副词词义辨析。up向上地；down向下地；aside一边；forward向前地。作者猜想这位接待员会把自己的简历扔进垃圾桶，因此感到非常失望，于是呈现出一种丧气的状态，即垂下头。故选B。 10．A.response B．suggestion C．project D．comment 解析　A　考查名词词义辨析。response回应；suggestion建议；project项目；comment评论。由前文可知，作者在找工作，因此需要得到公司的回应。故选A。 11．A.familiar B．important C．unknown D．common 解析　C　考查形容词词义辨析。familiar熟悉的；important重要的；unknown未知的；common普遍的。由后文中的“guessed what...it was the human resources manager of that same company”可知，作者是接到电话后才知道是公司的HR，说明在此之前作者是不知情的。故选C。 12．A.expect B．connect C．value D．confirm 解析　A　考查动词词义辨析。expect预计，期待；connect连接；value珍视；confirm确认。该句提到作者觉得非常惊讶，说明作者没有预料到有这样的事情发生。故选A。 13．A.agree on B．work on C．refer to D．search for 解析　B　考查动词短语辨析。agree on同意……；work on研究；refer to谈到；search for寻找。HR的工作是寻找合适的人员到公司工作，因此需要研究一下作者的简历。故选B。 14．A.doubting B．scolding C．admiring D．punishing 解析　A　考查动词词义辨析。doubt怀疑；scold责骂；admire赞美；punish惩罚。由第二段第二句可知，作者觉得接待员会把自己的简历扔进垃圾桶，说明作者怀疑了接待员。故选A。 15．A.decision B．conclusion C．reminder D．criterion 解析　C　考查名词词义辨析。decision决定；conclusion结论；reminder提醒人的事物；criterion标准。根据这件事，作者领悟了一个道理，即不要因为常态就认为所有的情况都是一样的，作者提醒自己要摒除这样的偏见。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $