Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage & Integrated skills-(配套教参)【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册(译林版)

Unit 3　Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills Ⅰ.重点单词 基础单词 1．receipt n．收到的款项，收入；收据 2．loan n．贷款，借款；借出 vt.借出，贷与(尤指钱) 3．client n. 客户，顾客，委托人 4．detective n. 侦探，警探 5．subjective adj.主观的 6．directory n．名录，电话号码簿，公司名录 7．plug vt.补足，供给；堵塞，封堵 n．插头；插座 8．groundwork n. 基础工作，准备工作 9．premier adj. 最著名的，最成功的，第一的 n．首相，总理 10. institute n．机构，机构建筑 vt.建立，制定(体系、政策等) 11．swing vi.& vt.(swung, swung)改变；摆动，摇摆 n．改变；摆动；秋千 12. label n．标签；(不恰当的)称谓 vt.贴标签于；(尤指不公正地)把……称为 拓展单词 13．commercial adj.商业的，贸易的；盈利的；商业性的→commercialize vt.(使)商业化 14．weekly adj.每周的 adv.按周地 n．周报，周刊→week n．周；一周 15．monthly adj.每月的 adv.按月地 n．月刊→ n．月；一个月 16．fabric n．织物，布料→fibre n．纤维制品；纤维素；纤维 17．qualification n．资格，资历；学历；合格，达到标准→qualify v．取得资格，合格，达到标准 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．put into action 投入实践 2．weigh up the advantages and disadvantages 权衡……的利弊 3．keep track of 记录，与……保持联系 4．provide for 养活某人 5．appeal to sb 对某人有吸引力 6．work around the clock 夜以继日地工作 7．put...on the line 使……处于危险之中 8．think twice before you act 三思而后行 9．have passion for 对……非常喜爱 10．seek advice from sb 向某人寻求建议 11．have great talent for 在……有天赋 12．combine...with... 把……和……结合起来 13．do some research about/on 对……做一些研究 14．swing into action 立即行动起来 Ⅲ.重点句型 1．It is no surprise that being one's own boss is appealing to many people. 难怪自己做老板对很多人有吸引力。 2．Therefore, when it comes to starting a business on your own, think twice before you act! 因此，当提到独自创业时，要三思而后行！ [核心词汇·练透] weigh up权衡， 斟酌 weigh with　　对……有说服力， 对……有影响 weigh out 称出， 量出 weigh against 对……不利 The children all looked up their new teacher silently，weighing him up. 孩子们都默默地看着他们的新老师， 揣摩着他。 Her opinion always weighs a lot with me because she is a close friend of mine. 我一向很重视她的意见， 因为她是我的挚友。 He weighed out five kilos of rice for each one of them，telling them that it should last two weeks. 他给他们每人称了五千克大米， 告诉他们这些米要吃两个星期。 The quality of the product must be weighed against its cost.产品的质量与成本必须均衡考虑。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①They carefully weighed up the consequence of such an action. ②His remarks do not weigh with me at all. ③Flour, sugar, milk, bananas and eggs should be carefully weighed out for making a banana cake. ④We must weigh one fact against the next to arrive at an answer. put sth on the line让……处于危险之中 come into line使一致； 使规范； 使符合； (和……)一致 fall into line 排成一列 draw the line at sth/doing sth 拒绝某事物/做某事 drop sb a line 给某人写信 read between the lines 找出或发觉字里行间的言外之意 If this goes wrong，you will put your job on the line.这件事要是有差错，你就有丢工作的危险。 He'll have to fall into line with the others. 他早晚得和别人一致起来。 A line has to be drawn somewhere I can't go on lending you money. 事情总得有个分寸——我不能继续借给你钱了。 Drop me a line to say when you're coming. 给我写封信告诉我你来的时间。 Reading between the lines，I'd say he isn't happy with the situation. 从字里行间看， 我得说他对这种情况不满意。 [即学活用]　 单句语法填空 ①I think she will come into line with us if you explain things clearly. ②If you read between the lines, you will find out the letter is really a request for money. ③ don't mind helping, but I draw the line at doing everything myself. ④Just drop me a line when you've decided on a date. qualification n．资格， 资历； 学历；合格， 达到标准 qualify v. 　(使)有资格去做；使合格，胜任 qualify as 取得资格 qualify with 用……缓和；用……限制 What sort of qualifications do you need for the job? 做这项工作需要什么资格？ The sportsman failed to get over the distance in the minimum time to qualify for the final. 那位运动员未能在最短时间内跑过规定距离， 因而未取得决赛权。 His statement was too general and should have been qualified with the phrase “in most cases”． 他的话太笼统， 本应加上“在大多数情况下”加以限制。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①He's got all the right qualifications (qualify) but is temperamentally unsuitable. ②His younger brother has passed through police college to qualify for promotion as inspector. ③He qualified his coffee with some wine. ④The author qualified the hero as an ambitious youth. swing into action　立即行动起来， 马上大干起来 swing around 迅速转身， 快速转向 swing at 向……猛打， 猛击 The police swung into action against the gunmen. 警方立即采取行动制服了持枪歹徒。 He swings from wild optimism to total despair. 他由极其乐观变为完全绝望。 He swung at the man，but missed，and fell. 他朝那人打去，可是没打着，自己跌倒了。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①Don't swing at the ball，take careful aim. ②She heard a sudden noise behind her and swung around to see who was there. ③The boss swung into action as soon as he learned there was a dispute between the two departments. label n．标签； (不恰当的)称谓 vt.贴标签于；(尤指不公正地)把……称为 label sb/sth as sth 描述某人/某物；将某人/某物归类 label with 把……贴在……上； 标明…… His work is difficult to label accurately. 他的工作很难准确归类。 She labelled the case with her name and address. 她在箱子上贴上有自己姓名和地址的标签。 [即学活用]　 单句语法填空 ①All goods should be labelled with a price. ②She is usually labelled as an Impressionist. [重点句型·通关] It is no surprise that being one's own boss is appealing to many people. 难怪许多人那么喜欢自己当老板。 [分析点拨]　It is no surprise that 为“It be＋名词短语＋that从句”结构，其中It为形式主语。 it作形式主语的句型常见的有： (1)It be＋形容词(possible，obvious，important...)＋ that从句 (2)It be＋过去分词(said，thought，believed，supposed, reported...)＋that从句 (3)It＋不及物动词(seem，occur，happen...)＋that从句 (4)It be＋名词短语(a pity，a fact，a wonder，an honour, an idea，no surprise，no wonder...)＋that从句 [即学活用] 完成句子 ①It is reported that the temperature will decline sharply in one or two days. 据报道，气温将在一两天内急剧下降。 ②It's a pity that you've missed such a good chance to improve your spoken English. 很遗憾你错过了一个提高英语口语的好机会。 ③You went to bed very late last night，so it is no surprise that you were late for class this morning. 你昨天晚上睡太晚，所以你今天早上上课迟到了，这一点也不奇怪。 ④It is obvious that you should have enough sleep to improve your work efficiency. 显而易见，为了提高工作效率，你应该有充足的睡眠。 Therefore，when it comes to starting a business on your own，think twice before you act! 因此，当谈到独自创业时，要三思而后行！ [分析点拨]　 when it comes to意为“当涉及某事(或做某事)时”，to为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词。 [即学活用] 完成句子 ①Listening and speaking is where my weakness lies when it comes to English. 当谈到英语时，听和说是我的弱项所在。 ②When it comes to the effect，it will help you strengthen the awareness of keeping fit. 说到影响，它会帮助你增强保持健康的意识。 ③When it comes to famous figures in Chinese history，I admire Zhang Qian very much. 说到中国历史上的著名人物，我非常佩服张骞。 名词性从句 名词性从句是在句中起名词作用的句子。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一、主语从句 1．that引导的主语从句 that引导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义，但一般不可省略。 2．whether/if引导的主语从句 主语从句位于主句谓语动词前，表示“是否”，只能用whether。若用it作形式主语，则whether与if可互换。 3．连接代词和连接副词引导的主语从句 连接代词包括who，whom，whose，what，whoever, whomever，whatever等；连接副词包括when，where, why，how，whenever，wherever，however等。 4．it作形式主语的主语从句 有时为保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。 It isn't likely that I should accept such an offer as that. 我不可能接受像那样的帮助。 [对点练] 单句语法填空 ①Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song “The Long and Winding Road”．What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out­of­this­world scenes. ②It is not a problem whether we can win the battle；it's just a matter of time. ③It is possible that caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans，too. ④Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. ⑤It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. 二、宾语从句 1．that引导的宾语从句 that引导宾语从句时无词义，在从句中不作成分，口语中一般可以省略，但下列情况下不能省略： (1)当that从句作介词的宾语时。 (2)动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从第二个从句开始that不可省略。 2．whether与if引导的宾语从句 whether与if引导宾语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是否”。在下列情况下只能用whether而不能用if： (1)宾语从句中有or not且直接跟在关系词后时，只能用whether。 (2)介词后的宾语从句要用whether。 (3)whether可与不定式连用。 3．连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 连接代词和连接副词引导宾语从句时既充当句子成分又有具体词义，且不可省略。 4．it作形式宾语的宾语从句 (1)一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有find，think，consider，believe，guess，suppose，make等。 He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed. 他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。 (2)hate，like，dislike，appreciate，enjoy等表示“喜欢”“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语see to，depend on，rely on等后面常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。 I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent. 你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。 [对点练] 单句语法填空 ①Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on what could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. ②The student completed this experiment to make come true what Professor Joseph had said. ③What students do at college seems to matter much more than where they go. ④I'm not sure who is more frightened，me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere. ⑤The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race. ⑥I didn't understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation. 三、表语从句 连接代词和连接副词引导表语从句时既充当句子成分又有具体词义，且不可省略。 1．that，whether引导的表语从句 在表语从句中，that无词义，一般不能省略；whether意为“是否”。 2．as if/though引导的表语从句，有时可用虚拟语气 The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if/ though a great black blanket had been thrown over it. 厚重的烟雾覆盖着整座城市，好像一个厚厚的黑色毯子被扔到它的上面。 3．because，why引导的表语从句 [对点练] (1)单句语法填空 ①This is what my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. ②Without his support，we wouldn't be where we are now. ③He kept yawning in class this morning.That was because he stayed up late watching the basketball game last night. ④The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust. (2)完成句子 ⑤The problem is whether the air pollution can be controlled. 问题是空气污染能否被控制住。 四、同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某一名词(news，fact，idea，desire，suggestion，promise，information等)的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的连接词主要有that，whether，why，who，where，how，when等。在同位语从句中，that和whether不作成分，that无词义，whether表示“是否”，if不能引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略。 [对点练] 单句语法填空 ①While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence that they range all the way across the Arctic，and as far south as James Bay in Canada. ②The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do. ③There is no doubt that it is of great help to their study and future life. ④To make matters worse，I had to share a double room with someone I did not know，despite the fact that I had paid for a single room. 用适当的连接词填空 1．All of us truly believe that beauty comes from within. 2．The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust. 3．You have to know where you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there. 4．I didn't understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation. 5．The reason why he was late was that his car broke down on the way. 6．I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different. 7. Whether the flight to New York will be delayed is what I'm especially worried about. 8．It is certain that being under quarantine is no fun. 9．Once every few years, the area is hit by a serious drought.Mr Smith has worked to teach the local people how to grow plants that can survive even when there isn't much rain. 10．In the novel, this is where Jia Baoyu and his female cousins lived. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．How can they justify paying (pay)such huge salaries? 2．All the arrangements should be completed prior to your departure. 3．They have made their fortunes from industry and commerce (commercial)． 4．It is not a problem whether we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time. 5．In addition to my weekly (week)wage, I got a lot of tips. 6．Applicants (apply)will be expected to have good command of English. 7．The student completed this experiment to make come true what Professor Joseph had said. 8．What criteria (criterion) are used for assessing a student's ability? 9．It can inferred (infer)that they have problems finishing the task. 10．Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body. 11．Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 12．We regret this service is temporarily (temporary) unavailable. 13．These did not involve substantial changes, and often introduced useful clarification (clarify) and examples. 14．Without his support, we wouldn't be where we are now. 15．He delayed telling (tell) her the news, waiting for the right moment. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．We worked around the clock to finish the job. 我们为了完成工作，而夜以继日地工作。(work around the clock) 2．She has great talent for dancing. 她有跳舞的天赋。 3．We decorated our new house on a tight budget . 我们很节俭的装修了我们的新房子。(budget) 4．You must weigh up the benefits of the project against the risks involved. 你必须权衡这个项目的益处以及相关的风险。(weigh up) 5．Gathering during the pandemic period is likely to put others' health on the line. 疫情期间聚集可能让他人的健康处于危险之中。(put...on the line) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $